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McMahon PW, Loewenstern J, Girgis P, Tsiouris AJ, Fink M, Härtl R, Salama G. Progressive superficial siderosis from Chronic CSF leak as a long-term complication of cervical anterior corpectomy: A case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol Int 2022; 13:341. [PMID: 36128162 PMCID: PMC9479579 DOI: 10.25259/sni_493_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system (SSCNS) is a rare progressive neurological disorder resulting from chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage and subsequent subpial hemosiderin deposition. A prolonged cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a known cause of SSCNS. We present a novel case where progressive SSCNS resulted from a chronic CSF leak related to an anterior cervical corpectomy. Case Description: A 73-year-old man presented with gait ataxia and progressive hearing loss. Thirteen years before, he had undergone a combined anterior-posterior cervical decompression for symptomatic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). The presenting MR imaging showed extensive superficial siderosis and focal spinal cord herniation at the site of a ventral dural defect at the corpectomy site. A CT myelogram showed extensive CSF leakage into the corpectomy surgical site and a communicating pseudomeningocele in the anterior neck. Conclusion: This is the first reported case of progressive SSCNS as a long-term complication of an anterior cervical corpectomy for OPLL. Clinicians should be aware of SSCNS secondary to a chronic CSF leak in patients with a prior corpectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce W. McMahon
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States,
| | - Joshua Loewenstern
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States,
| | - Peter Girgis
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States,
| | | | - Matthew Fink
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States,
| | - Roger Härtl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States
| | - Gayle Salama
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York, United States,
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Choate LA, Barshad G, McMahon PW, Said I, Rice EJ, Munn PR, Lewis JJ, Danko CG. Multiple stages of evolutionary change in anthrax toxin receptor expression in humans. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6590. [PMID: 34782625 PMCID: PMC8592990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26854-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of animal husbandry and hunting increased human exposure to zoonotic pathogens. To understand how a zoonotic disease may have influenced human evolution, we study changes in human expression of anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2), which encodes a cell surface protein necessary for Bacillus anthracis virulence toxins to cause anthrax disease. In immune cells, ANTXR2 is 8-fold down-regulated in all available human samples compared to non-human primates, indicating regulatory changes early in the evolution of modern humans. We also observe multiple genetic signatures consistent with recent positive selection driving a European-specific decrease in ANTXR2 expression in multiple tissues affected by anthrax toxins. Our observations fit a model in which humans adapted to anthrax disease following early ecological changes associated with hunting and scavenging, as well as a second period of adaptation after the rise of modern agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Choate
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gilad Barshad
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Pierce W McMahon
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Iskander Said
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Edward J Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Paul R Munn
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - James J Lewis
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Charles G Danko
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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McMahon DE, Laker-Oketta M, Peters GA, McMahon PW, Oyesiku L, Freeman EE. Skin Biopsy Equipment Availability Across 7 Low-Income Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study of 6053 Health Facilities. JAMA Dermatol 2021; 157:462-464. [PMID: 33595592 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Devon E McMahon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Gregory A Peters
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Linda Oyesiku
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Esther E Freeman
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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