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Chen PC, Yeh YM, Chu CT, Su PF, Chiu PH, Lin BW, Chen SH, Lin PC, Lee CT, Chen HHW, Chen CC. HER2 amplification in colorectal cancer with brain metastasis: A propensity score matching study. Eur J Cancer 2023; 181:62-69. [PMID: 36640475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) amplification and brain metastasis (BM) in patients having colorectal cancer (CRC) has been suggested but not yet established. This study investigated the expression patterns of HER2, its association with BM, and its prognostic value in patients having CRC. METHODS We retrospectively identified 99 patients having metastatic CRC (mCRC) and BM (the BM cohort) and compared them with a cohort of 249 patients having mCRC and without BM (the stage IV cohort) by propensity score matching. Immunohistochemical studies of HER2 on all available paraffin-embedded tumour samples, either from the primary tumour, the metastasis (brain and/or extracranial sites) or both, were performed and analysed. HER2 fluorescent in situ hybridisation was applied when necessary. The expression of HER2 was compared and correlated with survival. RESULTS HER2 amplifications were detected in 16 (18.4%) of 87 and 9 (3.6%) of 249 patients who had specimens available in the BM and stage IV cohorts, respectively (P < .001). After propensity score matching, HER2 amplification was significantly associated with BM (odds ratio: 5.38, P = .003). HER2 heterogeneity was frequently observed not only at the single tumour level but also in paired tumour samples. A marginally significant longer survival since BM was found in patients having HER2-amplified mCRC than in those without (P = .07). CONCLUSIONS HER2 amplification was significantly associated with BM in patients having mCRC and might have prognostic value for survival since BM. Given the heterogeneity of HER2 expression, the testing of HER2 status on available tissues from both primary and metastatic tumours should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chuan Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Yeh
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ting Chu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsuan Chiu
- The Center of Quantitative Sciences, Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wen Lin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hung Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institute, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chan Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Department of Genomic Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan; Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ta Lee
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Helen H W Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan; Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
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Li CY, Anuraga G, Chang CP, Weng TY, Hsu HP, Ta HDK, Su PF, Chiu PH, Yang SJ, Chen FW, Ye PH, Wang CY, Lai MD. Repurposing nitric oxide donating drugs in cancer therapy through immune modulation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:22. [PMID: 36639681 PMCID: PMC9840268 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide-releasing drugs are used for cardiovascular diseases; however, their effects on the tumor immune microenvironment are less clear. Therefore, this study explored the impact of nitric oxide donors on tumor progression in immune-competent mice. METHODS The effects of three different nitric oxide-releasing compounds (SNAP, SNP, and ISMN) on tumor growth were studied in tumor-bearing mouse models. Three mouse tumor models were used: B16F1 melanoma and LL2 lung carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice, CT26 colon cancer in BALB/c mice, and LL2 lung carcinoma in NOD/SCID mice. After nitric oxide treatment, splenic cytokines and lymphocytes were analyzed by cytokine array and flow cytometry, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the TME were analyzed using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS Low doses of three exogenous nitric oxide donors inhibited tumor growth in two immunocompetent mouse models but not in NOD/SCID immunodeficient mice. Low-dose nitric oxide donors increase the levels of splenic cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α but decrease the levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, suggesting an alteration in Th2 cells. Nitric oxide donors increased the number of CD8+ T cells with activation gene signatures, as indicated by single-cell RNA sequencing. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed an increase in infiltrating CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells. The antitumor effect of nitric oxide donors was abolished by depletion of CD8+ T cells, indicating the requirement for CD8+ T cells. Tumor inhibition correlated with a decrease in a subtype of protumor macrophages and an increase in a subset of Arg1-positive macrophages expressing antitumor gene signatures. The increase in this subset of macrophages was confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. Finally, the combination of low-dose nitric oxide donor and cisplatin induced an additive cancer therapeutic effect in two immunocompetent animal models. The enhanced therapeutic effect was accompanied by an increase in the cells expressing the gene signature of NK cell. CONCLUSIONS Low concentrations of exogenous nitric oxide donors inhibit tumor growth in vivo by regulating T cells and macrophages. CD8+ T cells are essential for antitumor effects. In addition, low-dose nitric oxide donors may be combined with chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yen Li
- College of Medicine, Institute of basic medical sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Gangga Anuraga
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas PGRI Adi Buana, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- College of Medicine, Institute of basic medical sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tzu-Yang Weng
- College of Medicine, Institute of basic medical sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hoang Dang Khoa Ta
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Hsuan Chiu
- The Center for Quantitative Sciences, Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shiang-Jie Yang
- College of Medicine, Institute of basic medical sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Feng-Wei Chen
- College of Medicine, Institute of basic medical sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Hsuan Ye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- College of Medicine, Institute of basic medical sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Huang TC, Lee PT, Huang MS, Chiu PH, Su PF, Liu PY. The Beneficial Effects of Beta Blockers on the Long-Term Prognosis of Patients With Premature Atrial Complexes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:806743. [PMID: 35252388 PMCID: PMC8890474 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.806743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Premature atrial complexes (PACs) have been reported to increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Beta blockers at low dosages may help to reduce PAC symptoms, but it is unclear whether they can improve long-term outcomes. Methods Patients enrolled from a Holter cohort in a medical referral center were stratified into high-burden (≥100 beats/24 h) and low-burden (<100 beats/24 h) sub-cohorts, and propensity score matching between treatment groups and non-treatment groups was conducted for each sub-cohort. Results In the high-burden sub-cohort, after propensity score matching, the treatment group and non-treatment group respectively had 208 and 832 patients. The treatment group had significantly lower mortality rates than the non-treatment group [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.521, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.294–0.923, p = 0.025], but there was no difference in new stroke (HR = 0.830, 95% CI = 0.341–2.020, p = 0.681), and new atrial fibrillation (HR = 1.410, 95% CI = 0.867–2.292, p = 0.167) events. In the low-burden sub-cohort, after propensity score matching, there were 614 patients in the treatment group and 1,228 patients in the non-treatment group. Compared to the non-treatment group, up to 40% risk reduction in mortality was found in the treatment group (HR = 0.601, 95% CI = 0.396–0.913, p = 0.017), but no differences in new stroke (HR =0.969, 95% CI = 0.562–1.670, p = 0.910) or atrial fibrillation (HR = 1.074, 95% CI = 0.619–1.863, p = 0.800) were found. Conclusions Beta blockers consistently decreased long-term mortality in high-burden and low-burden patients. Interestingly, this effect was not achieved through reduction of new-onset stroke or AF, and further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Chun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tseng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Shiang Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsuan Chiu
- The Center for Quantitative Sciences, Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, College of Management, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Yen Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Ping-Yen Liu
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Lai WS, Liu IT, Tsai JH, Su PF, Chiu PH, Huang YT, Chiu GL, Chen YY, Lin PC. Hospice delivery models and survival differences in the terminally ill: a large cohort study. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2021:bmjspcare-2021-003262. [PMID: 34916240 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A common difficulty at the end of life (EOL) is to determine an appropriate service model, such as hospice share care (HSC), hospice inpatient care (HIC) and hospice home care (HHC). This study aimed to recommend the appropriate hospice delivery model based on the physical, psychosocial and spiritual needs of patients referred for hospice care. METHODS This cohort study included patients who received only one kind of hospice delivery model between 2006 and 2020. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test, non-parametric analysis of variance, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards model that determined the patients' clinical characteristics for a hospice delivery model and overall survival. RESULTS A total of 8874 hospice patients were recruited, of which 7076 (79.7%) were HSC patients, 918 (10.4%) were HIC patients and 880 (9.9%) were HHC patients. There were significant differences in the physical symptoms and demographic, psychosocial and spiritual factors among the three groups (p<0.001). The patients who received the HHC were less to have dyspnoea (18.5%) and dysphagia (28.7%). The HIC patients showed higher severity of symptoms and experienced greater psychosocial distress (73.2%). The HSC is appropriate for noncancer patients . Patients with cancer were associated with less dyspnoea (32.4%) and dysphagia (46.5%). Patients with lung cancer who received the HHC had better survival than those who received other types of hospice care (HR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.66 to 0.86, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides guidance regarding the appropriate hospice service model, based on individualised palliative needs, targeting improvement in EOL care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shu Lai
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Liu
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Tsai
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Fang Su
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Hsuan Chiu
- Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Tzu Huang
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ge-Lin Chiu
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yeh Chen
- Department of Nursing, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Chan Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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LaConte SM, King-Casas B, Cinciripini PM, Eagleman DM, Versace F, Chiu PH. Modulating rt-fMRI neurofeedback interfaces via craving and control in chronic smokers. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Woods LW, Lehmkuhl HD, Swift PK, Chiu PH, Hanley RS, Nordhausen RW, Stillian MH, Drew ML. Experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer fawns. J Wildl Dis 2001; 37:153-8. [PMID: 11272490 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-37.1.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Infection with a newly described endotheliotropic adenovirus was the cause of a 1993 epizootic reminiscent of hemorrhagic disease in California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus and O. hemionus hemionus). Pulmonary edema and intestinal luminal hemorrhage, or necrotizing stomatitis associated with systemic or localized vasculitis, respectively, were common lesions seen in animals that died during the epizootic. In order to determine if white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) also are susceptible to infection and fatal disease with the deer adenovirus, eight white-tailed deer fawns (4- to 6-mo-old) were inoculated with purified deer adenovirus. Four were inoculated intravenously and four were inoculated through the mucous membranes. Seven days post-inoculation, one of the fawns inoculated intravenously died. Pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy were associated with pulmonary and intestinal vasculitis with systemic multiorgan distribution of endotheliotropic adenovirus as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Adenovirus was reisolated from lung homogenates of the fawn that died of adenovirus hemorrhagic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Woods
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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Woods LW, Hanley RS, Chiu PH, Lehmkuhl HD, Nordhausen RW, Stillian MH, Swift PK. Lesions and transmission of experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in black-tailed deer fawns. Vet Pathol 1999; 36:100-10. [PMID: 10098637 DOI: 10.1354/vp.36-2-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus infection was the cause of an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease that is believed to have killed thousands of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in California during the latter half of 1993. A systemic vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy or a localized vasculitis associated with necrotizing stomatitis/pharyngitis/glossitis or osteomyelitis of the jaw were common necropsy findings in animals that died during this epizootic. To study transmission of adenovirus infection in deer and susceptibility of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) fawns to adenovirus infection, six 3-6-month-old black-tailed fawns were divided into two treatment groups. One group was inoculated intravenously and the other group was inoculated through the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth with purified adenovirus. Each treatment group also included two additional fawns (four total) that were not inoculated but were exposed to inoculated animals (contact animals). One fawn served as a negative control. Between 4 and 16 days postinoculation, 8/10 fawns developed systemic or localized infection with lesions identical to lesions seen in animals with natural disease that died during the epizootic. Transmission was by direct contact, and the route of inoculation did not affect the incubation period or the distribution of the virus (systemic or the localized infection). Immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal antiserum against bovine adenovirus type 5 demonstrated staining in endothelial cells of vessels in numerous tissues in animals with systemic infection and endothelial staining only in vessels subtending necrotic foci in the upper alimentary tract in animals with the localized form of the disease. All inoculated or exposed animals had staining in the tonsillar epithelium. Transmission electron microscopic examination of lung and ileum from two fawns with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy demonstrated endothelial necrosis and adenovirus virions in endothelial cell nuclei. Adenovirus was reisolated in black-tailed deer pulmonary artery endothelial cells using lung homogenate of the first fawn that developed systemic adenovirus infection. Serum virus neutralization test results suggest that this deer adenovirus is a new serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Woods
- California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95617-1770, USA
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Kinde H, Visvesvara GS, Barr BC, Nordhausen RW, Chiu PH. Amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris (leptomyxid ameba) in a horse. J Vet Diagn Invest 1998; 10:378-81. [PMID: 9786532 DOI: 10.1177/104063879801000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Kinde
- California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, CVDLS San Bernardino Branch 92412, USA
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Woods LW, Hanley RS, Chiu PH, Burd M, Nordhausen RW, Stillian MH, Swift PK. Experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease in yearling black-tailed deer. J Wildl Dis 1997; 33:801-11. [PMID: 9391965 DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-33.4.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An apparently novel adenovirus was associated with an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease that is believed to have killed thousands of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in California (USA) during 1993-1994. A systemic vasculitis with pulmonary edema and hemorrhagic enteropathy or a localized vasculitis associated with necrotizing stomatitis/pharyngitis/glossitis or osteomyelitis of the jaw were common necropsy findings in animals that died during this epizootic. Six black-tailed yearling deer (O. hemionus columbianus) were inoculated with purified adenovirus isolated from a black-tailed fawn that died of acute adenovirus hemorrhagic disease during the epizootic. Three of six inoculated deer also received intramuscular injections of dexamethasone sodium phosphate every 3 days during the study. Eight days post-inoculation, one deer (without dexamethasone) developed bloody diarrhea and died. Necropsy and histopathologic findings were identical to lesions in free-ranging animals that died of the natural disease. Hemorrhagic enteropathy and pulmonary edema were the significant necropsy findings and there was microscopic vascular damage and endothelial intranuclear inclusion bodies in the vessels of the intestines and lungs. Adenovirus was identified in necrotic endothelial cells in the lungs by fluorescent antibody staining, immunohistochemistry and by transmission electron microscopy. Adenovirus was reisolated from tissues of the animal that died of experimental adenovirus hemorrhagic disease. Similar gross and microscopic lesions were absent in four of six adenovirus-inoculated deer and in the negative control animal which were necropsied at variable intervals during the 14 wk study. One deer was inoculated with purified adenovirus a second time, 12 wk after the first inoculation. Fifteen days after the second inoculation, this deer developed severe ulceration of the tongue, pharynx and rumen and necrotizing osteomyelitis of the mandible which was associated with vasculitis and thrombosis of adjacent large vessels and endothelial intranuclear inclusions. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated adenovirus within the nuclei of vascular cells and immunohistochemistry demonstrated adenovirus antigen within tonsilar epithelium and in rare vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Woods
- California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95617, USA
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Chiu PH, Magana A, Davis J. All-solid-state single-mode sum-frequency generation of sodium resonance radiation. Opt Lett 1994; 19:2116-2118. [PMID: 19855758 DOI: 10.1364/ol.19.002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have generated 65 mJ of single-mode sodium resonance radiation in 20-ns-duration pulses by the sum-frequency mixing of the output from two injection-seeded pulsed Nd:YAG lasers operating at 20 Hz. The observed spectral linewidth of the 589.158-nm radiation is measured to be less than 100 MHz, and the frequency stability is better than 100 MHz/h.
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Xie YJ, Kwok HS, Long DG, Chiu PH. Near transform-limited picosecond dye laser pulses by cascaded transient oscillation. Appl Opt 1986; 25:1877-1878. [PMID: 20448738 DOI: 10.1364/ao.25.001877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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Abstract
Unexpectedly efficient second-harmonic generation (~10%) in KDP was observed with a broadband dye-laser source having a 1.4-nm bandwidth. The observations are explained by a frequency-mixing effect in addition to simple doubling of frequency. The measured second-harmonic output bandwidth is as narrow as 0.21 nm. The present experiment affords the possibility of generating narrow-band tunable UV laser pulses with high efficiency.
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