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Ray A, Sen IM, Bhardwaj N, Yaddanapudi S, Mathews P. Videolaryngoscopic versus direct laryngoscopic paraglossal intubation for cleft lip/palate reconstructive surgeries: A randomised controlled trial. Indian J Anaesth 2021; 65:593-599. [PMID: 34584282 PMCID: PMC8445211 DOI: 10.4103/ija.ija_463_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: In the cleft lip and palate, the laryngoscope blade often tends to lodge inside midline clefts, causing reduced manoeuvrability and tissue trauma. The paraglossal technique avoids the midline and offers better Cormack Lehane (CL) grades. We aimed to assess the first-pass intubation rate in performing the left paraglossal laryngoscopy with a curved-blade videolaryngoscope (VLS) versus direct laryngoscope (DLS) in children with cleft palate and evaluate the time taken for successful endotracheal intubation (TTI) and Intubation Difficulty Score (IDS) with both devices. Methods: This randomised controlled trial included 60 patients with cleft palate, between 3 months and 6 years. Patients were randomised into group V (VLS) (n = 30) and group D (DLS) (n = 30). Left paraglossal laryngoscopy was done with VLS or DLS, and the first-pass intubation, TTI, CL grade and IDS were recorded. Results: First-pass intubation (primary outcome) was successful in all cases in group V and in 29 (96%) cases in group D (P = 0.923). Amongst the secondary outcomes, the IDS of the majority in both groups was 1–4 (slight difficulty) (P = 0.98) and the mean TTI In group D was 34.6 s (SD = 19.0) (95% CI: 27.5–41.7) versus 39.8 s (SD = 5.2) (95% CI: 37.8–41.7) in group V (P = 0.151). Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the use of a VLS over a DLS in performing the left paraglossal laryngoscopy in terms of first-pass intubation rate, CL Grade, IDS and TTI. Further studies with different VLS may be done to improve the ease of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ray
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Indu Mohini Sen
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neerja Bhardwaj
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandhya Yaddanapudi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Preethy Mathews
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive care, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Jasper A, Gibikote S, Kirupakaran H, Christopher DJ, Mathews P. Is routine pre-entry chest radiograph necessary in a high tuberculosis prevalence country? J Postgrad Med 2020; 66:90-93. [PMID: 32270779 PMCID: PMC7239409 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_462_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Chest radiographs have been used worldwide as a screening tool before employment and training, by various healthcare and other government and nongovernment institutions. Many studies done in the past have demonstrated a relatively low yield for tuberculosis detection and therefore, the authors have questioned this practice. AIMS To compare the value of the preadmission/employment chest radiograph in two groups, namely, those who have been previously exposed to a healthcare setting (post-exposure group) and those who have not been exposed (pre-exposure group) and to determine if there is a significant difference in tuberculosis detection between these two groups. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A retrospective review of the reports of the chest radiographs of all candidates appearing for admission to various undergraduate and postgraduate courses in our institute between 2014 and 2017 was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The various abnormalities detected were recorded and the findings in the two groups were compared. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Chi-square test was used to compare between two group proportions. RESULTS Thirty out of 4333 (0.69%) candidates in the pre-exposure group and 53 out of 3379 (1.57%) candidates in the post-exposure group showed abnormalities on chest radiographs involving the lung parenchyma, mediastinum, heart, or pleura. In the pre-exposure group, six (0.14%) were found to have underlying cardiac disease and one (0.02%) had tuberculosis. Among the six candidates in the post-exposure group who underwent further investigations in our institute, five (0.15%) were diagnosed to have tuberculosis. Although there was no statistically significant difference in tuberculosis detection between the groups (P = 0.051), there is a trend towards higher detection of tuberculosis in the post-exposure group. CONCLUSIONS In a country where the prevalence of tuberculosis is high, the pre-employment chest radiograph may still have a role in detecting tuberculosis in the post-exposure group.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jasper
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Gibikote
- Department of Radiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H Kirupakaran
- Department of Staff-Student Health Services, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - DJ Christopher
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Mathews
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Haritha C, Shankar V, Chaudhari L, Prajapati J, Mathews P, Shinde P, Meshram M, Deshmukh P. Quantification of Swallowing-Induced Motion in Esophageal Cancers Using Volume Shuttle Imaging Analysis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lyu H, Lee D, Chung YH, Kim JA, Lee JH, Jin YJ, Park W, Mathews P, Jaffee E, Zheng L, Yu E, Lee YJ. Synergistic effects of A1896, T1653 and T1762/A1764 mutations in genotype c2 hepatitis B virus on development of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:219-24. [PMID: 23383661 PMCID: PMC3609415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2012.01654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effects of genomic changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still unclear, especially in relation to the genotype of HBV. In this study, we examined the effects of genomic changes in HBV of genotype C2 on the development of HCC. A total of 318 patients with HBV-associated HCC and 234 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) were studied. All of HCC cases were diagnosed histologically and treated with surgical resection. The whole of the X, S, basal core promoter (BCP) and precore regions of the viral genome from sera or liver tissues were sequenced. All subjects had HBV of genotype C2. The prevalence of the T1653 mutation in the X region and the A1896 mutation in the precore region of HBV was significantly higher in the HCC group than in the control CHB group (22% vs 11%, P = 0.003; 50% vs 23%, P < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, the T1762/A1764 mutations in the BCP region in combination with either T1653 or A1896 were more common in the HCC compared with the CHB group (BCP+X1653: 18% vs 11%, P = 0.05; BCP+PC, 40% vs 15%, P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, T1653 and A1896 were revealed to be independent risk factors for HCC development. G1896A in the precore region and C1653T mutation in the X region of genotype C2 HBV are important risk factors for HCC development. Also, the A1762T/G1764A double mutation may act in synergy with C1653T to increase the risk of HCC in patients chronically infected with HBV genotype C2.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Lyu
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center
| | - Y.-H. Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center
| | - J. A. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center
| | - J.-H. Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center
| | - Y.-J. Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center
| | - W. Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center
| | - P. Mathews
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E. Jaffee
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L. Zheng
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E. Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center
| | - Y. J. Lee
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
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Stall N, Rubin T, Michael JS, Mathai D, Abraham OC, Mathews P, Thomas K, John M, Daley P. Does solid culture for tuberculosis influence clinical decision making in India? Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:641-6. [PMID: 21756515 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING Medical units at an academic tertiary referral hospital in Southern India. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of solid culture on Löwenstein-Jensen medium on clinical decision making. DESIGN In a retrospective review of 150 culture-positive and 150 culture-negative consecutively sampled tuberculosis (TB) suspects, treatment decisions were analysed at presentation, after the availability of culture detection results and after the availability of drug susceptibility testing (DST) culture results. RESULTS A total of 124 (82.7%) culture-positive patients and 35 (23.3%) culture-negative patients started anti-tuberculosis treatment prior to receiving their culture results; 101 patients (33.7%) returned for their results; two (1.3%) initiated treatment based on positive culture and no culture-negative patients discontinued treatment. DST was performed on 119 (79.3%) positive cultures: 30 (25.2%) showed any resistance, eight (6.7%) showed multidrug resistance and one (0.84%) showed extensively drug-resistant TB. Twenty-eight patients (23.5%) returned for their DST results. Based on DST, treatment was modified in four patients (3.4%). CONCLUSION Using solid culture, 150 cultures need to be tested for one treatment modification and 30 for DST. The cost of the widespread application of culture will need to be balanced against its impact on treatment decisions in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Stall
- Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Lawson-Smith M, Samandouras G, Hinks T, Tan PL, Quaghebeur G, Mathews P, Anosgore O, Aziz TZ. Spinal cord infarction caused by malignant intramedullary glioma: the traps of epidemiology and travel history. Br J Neurosurg 2004; 18:199-200. [PMID: 15176568 DOI: 10.1080/02688690410001681127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Lawson-Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK
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Rozmahel R, Huang J, Chen F, Liang Y, Nguyen V, Ikeda M, Levesque G, Yu G, Nishimura M, Mathews P, Schmidt SD, Mercken M, Bergeron C, Westaway D, St George-Hyslop P. Normal brain development in PS1 hypomorphic mice with markedly reduced gamma-secretase cleavage of betaAPP. Neurobiol Aging 2002; 23:187-94. [PMID: 11804702 DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(01)00267-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin 1-null mice die at birth from brain and skeletal developmental deformities due to disrupted Notch signaling. Presenilin 1-null mice also have severely reduced gamma-secretase cleavage of betaAPP. The assumption has been that facilitation of Notch signaling and betaAPP processing by presenilin 1 are analogous functions. Here we describe a presenilin 1-targetted mouse model that expresses extremely low levels ( approximately 1% of normal) of mutant PS1-M146L. Homozygous mice have significantly reduced viability due to a Notch-like phenotype. The animals that survive have severe axial skeletal deformities and markedly diminished gamma-secretase activity and accumulation of betaAPP-C100, but no obvious abnormalities in brain development. These results suggest that, in mice, a marked reduction of PS1-facilitated gamma-secretase activity is not detrimental to normal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rozmahel
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Depts. of Pharmacology, Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, M5S 1A1, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
Metastatic spread of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to the penis is very rare. We present 1 such case in a 63-year-old man that was treated by total penectomy and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Khan
- Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, Essex, UK.
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Mathews P. Nursing and respiratory: partners in care. Nurs Manag (Harrow) 2000; 31:50-1. [PMID: 15127545 DOI: 10.1097/00006247-200012000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Learn about RCP licensure and nursing's support of this process, as well as the clinical advancements, new and altered procedures, and novel applications of drugs and devices in respiratory care.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mathews
- University of Kansas School of Allied Health, Kansas City, Kan., USA
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10
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Kuruvila MT, Mathews P, Jesudason M, Ganesh A. Mycobacterium fortuitum endocarditis and meningitis after balloon mitral valvotomy. J Assoc Physicians India 1999; 47:1022-3. [PMID: 10778701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteria rarely cause endocardial infections. We describe the clinical course of a patient who developed endocarditis, and meningitis with Mycobacterium fortuitum following balloon mitral valvotomy. The patient was treated with amikacin and clarithromycin but did not respond. She developed haemolytic anaemia as the terminal event.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Kuruvila
- Dept. of Medicine, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu
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11
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Indirect laryngoscopy (IDL) is often performed prior to thyroid surgery to detect pre-existing vocal cord pathology. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 201 patients undergoing thyroid surgery at the Prince of Wales Hospital was undertaken in order to study the patterns of pre-operative and postoperative voice changes and IDL findings. RESULTS A total of 9% of patients had pre-operative voice symptoms, and 22% of this group had abnormalities detected on pre-operative IDL. Of 160 documented IDL, 4% revealed vocal cord pathology in asymptomatic patients, including an asymptomatic recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. CONCLUSIONS Indirect laryngoscopy remains a useful but flawed pre-operative screening tool for patients with voice symptoms, but the literature suggests that more advanced phoniatric tests will provide superior diagnostic sensitivity. The role of routine pre-operative laryngoscopy for asymptomatic patients is of debatable value.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yeung
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Abstract
In three experiments with nondysarthric agrammatics, we explored the association between phonology and morphosyntax. (1) Contrasting phonological and nonphonological factors on inflectional-affix production of English verbs across three tasks in eight agrammatics, longer stem-syllabic length and stem-final-CC status resulted in poorer affix-production. (2) Studying verb inflections in six agrammatic Spanish-speakers, affix-length and affix-stress correlated with poorer repetition, as did low affix frequency. (3) Four English-speaking agrammatics read aloud and repeated derived words varying in syllable-length and stem-stress reassignment; both contributed independently to word-production difficulty. Phonological complexity of affixes and stems appears to reduce resources for morphological processing in nondysarthric agrammatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Obler
- City University of New York Graduate School, New York 10036, USA.
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13
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Abstract
1. To be detected, movements of the interphalangeal joint of the big toe must be greater than at other joints. This poor acuity may arise because the anatomy of the foot and ankle results in poor coupling between the toe and the muscles that operate it. To vary this coupling, the effect of ankle position on proprioceptive acuity at the toe was measured. 2. We measured proprioceptive acuity at the toe with the ankle in different positions and found that ankle plantarflexion did improve acuity. This implies that, with the ankle at mid-range or dorsiflexed, toe movement is inadequately transferred to muscle fascicles. 3. To determine actual changes in fascicle length of the toe extensor, movements of extensor hallucis longus near the toe and at the muscle-tendon junction were measured during surgical exposure in one subject. Ankle position greatly affected movement transfer from toe to muscle-tendon junction: no tendon movement was transferred with the ankle dorsiflexed, but all movement was transferred with the ankle plantarflexed. 4. When the relationship between joint rotation and muscle fascicle length measured in vivo was used to express the smallest detectable movements of the toe as proportional changes in muscle fascicle length, these detectable changes were similar to those at all other limb joints. This suggests that change in muscle fascicle length is of major interest to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Refshauge
- Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
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Mathews JE, George S, Mathews P, Mathai E, Brahmadathan KN, Seshadri L. The Griess test: an inexpensive screening test for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 38:407-10. [PMID: 9890220 DOI: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1998.tb03098.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare urine microscopy and the Griess test as screening tests for asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) in pregnancy, using urine culture as a gold standard. Urine microscopy, Griess test and urine culture were carried out on urine samples from 483 antenatal women. AB was detected by urine culture in 30 (6.8%) of the patients. The Griess test and urine microscopy were found to have a sensitivity of 63.3% and 60%, specificity of 99.5% and 83.6%; and positive predictive value of 90.5% and 21.1% respectively. Most of the infections missed by the Griess test were either <100,000 colony count on culture or caused by gram positive cocci. The cost of the Griess test was only one tenth of that of urine microscopy. The Griess test is a simple and inexpensive test that when compared to urine microscopy has equal sensitivity, and better specificity and positive predictive value for the detection of AB in pregnancy than urine microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Mathews
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
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15
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Abstract
Analysis of growth factors and receptors in putative premalignant lesions of prostatic adenocarcinoma should aid our understanding of their growth pathways. Sixty prostatic TURP (transurethral resection of the prostate) specimens exhibiting atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and/or prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions were assayed by immunohistochemistry for androgen receptor (AR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), c-erbB-2, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), MIB-1, E-cadherin, and high molecular weight keratin. Expression of these factors in the lesions was compared with that in the co-existing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatic adenocarcinoma. Strong AR nuclear staining was observed in the luminal cells, but not the basal cells, of BPH and PIN lesions and in all the carcinomas examined. A similar growth factor and receptor profile was demonstrated in the secretory epithelium of high-grade PIN and carcinoma with a tendency to higher expression of membranous EGFR and c-erbB-2 and cytoplasmic TGF-alpha, and lower levels of FGF-2 than in low-grade PIN or BPH glands. Also, increased rates of proliferation, as estimated by MIB-1 stained cells, were observed in high-grade PIN in comparison with low-grade PIN and BPH and were not confined to the basal layer. AAH lesions resembled neither BPH nor carcinoma. Proliferation was virtually absent (MIB-1 expression); both AR and E-cadherin expression was significantly reduced; and, with the exception of FGF-2, all the other growth factors and receptors studied were absent. The results presented would support a premalignant role for high-grade PIN, whilst AAH would appear to represent a quiescent phenotype unlikely to progress to neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Harper
- Tenovus Cancer Research Centre, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, U.K
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16
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Capell A, Saffrich R, Olivo JC, Meyn L, Walter J, Grünberg J, Mathews P, Nixon R, Dotti C, Haass C. Cellular expression and proteolytic processing of presenilin proteins is developmentally regulated during neuronal differentiation. J Neurochem 1997; 69:2432-40. [PMID: 9375676 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69062432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the expression of the Alzheimer's disease-associated proteins presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. Neurons highly express presenilin-1 and presenilin-2, whereas both proteins were not detected in astrocytes. Further, we have analyzed the subcellular localization and expression in rat hippocampal neurons during development. Although presenilin proteins were localized predominantly to the endoplasmic reticulum in nonneuronal cells transfected with presenilin cDNAs, in neurons, presenilin proteins were also found in compartments not staining with antibodies to grp78(BiP). Presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 were predominantly detected in vesicular structures within the somatodendritic compartment with much less expression in axons. Polarized distribution of presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 differs slightly, with more presenilin-2 expressed in axons compared with presenilin-1. Presenilin expression was found to be developmentally regulated. Presenilin expression strongly increased during neuronal differentiation until full morphological polarization and then declined. No full-length presenilin-1 or presenilin-2 could be detected within cell lysates. At early developmental stages the expected approximately 34-kDa N-terminal proteolytic fragment of presenilin-1 and the approximately 38-kDa fragment of presenilin-2 were detected. Later during differentiation we predominantly detected a approximately 38-kDa fragment for presenilin-1 and a approximately 42-kDa fragment for presenilin-2. By epitope mapping, we show that these slower migrating peptides represent N-terminal proteolytic fragments, cleaved C-terminal to the conventional site of processing. It is noteworthy that both presenilin-1 and presenilin-2 undergo alternative proteolytic cleavage at the same stage of neuronal differentiation. Regulation of presenilin expression and proteolytic processing might have implications for the pathological as well as the biological function of presenilins during aging in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Capell
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Molecular Biology, Mannheim, Germany
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17
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Beggah A, Mathews P, Beguin P, Geering K. Degradation and endoplasmic reticulum retention of unassembled alpha- and beta-subunits of Na,K-ATPase correlate with interaction of BiP. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:20895-902. [PMID: 8702846 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.34.20895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Assembly of alpha- and beta-subunits in the endoplasmic reticulum is a prerequisite for the structural and functional maturation of oligomeric P-type ATPases. In Xenopus oocytes, overexpressed, unassembled alpha- and beta-subunits of Xenopus Na,K-ATPase are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are degraded with different kinetics, while unassembled beta-subunits of gastric H, K-ATPase leave the ER. In this study, we have investigated the role of the immunoglobulin-binding protein, BiP, in the folding, assembly, and ER retention of ATPase subunits. We determined the primary sequence of Xenopus BiP and used polyclonal antibodies to examine the interaction with BiP of various wild type and mutant alpha- and beta-subunits overexpressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results show that ER-retained, unassembled Na,K-ATPase beta-subunits, but not transport-competent H,K-ATPase beta-subunits, efficiently associate with BiP until assembly with alpha-subunits occurs. Furthermore, the kinetics of BiP interaction with unassembled wild type and with mutant Na,K-ATPase beta-subunits parallels their respective stability against cellular degradation. Finally, alpha-subunits that are overexpressed in oocytes and are rapidly degraded and endogenous oocyte alpha-subunits that are stably expressed as individual assembly-competent proteins also interact with oocyte or exogenous BiP, and the interaction time correlates with the protein's stability. These data demonstrate for the first time that BiP might be involved in a long term maturation arrest and/or in the ER quality control of a multimembrane-spanning protein and lend support for a universal chaperone function of BiP.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beggah
- Institute of Pharmacology et Toxicology, University of Lausanne, rue du Bugnon 27, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
Sixty-seven non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects were selected to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). All patients had satisfactory glycaemic control (HbA1 < 9.5%). GFR was determined using Technetium 99m DTPA by the method devised by Gates. Thirty-eight subjects had normal albumin excretion (UAE < 20 micrograms/min), 15 had UAE in the microalbuminuric range (20-100 micrograms/min), and the rest were macroalbuminuric (> 200 micrograms/min). GFR was lower in the normoalbuminuric patients as compared to the controls, but the decrease was not significant (71.5 (21.4) vs. 98.3 (16.1) ml/min per 1.73 m2. GFR was significantly decreased in both micro and macroalbuminuric groups (64.0 (24.5) and 53.8 (27.3) ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively) (P < 0.05). No appreciable change in GFR was observed in normoalbuminuric patients with increasing duration of diabetes, however, there was a steady decline in GFR with time in both micro- and macroalbuminuric patients. Hypertension was present in 79%, 47% and 16% of macro-, micro- and normoalbuminuric patients, respectively. GFR was significantly lower in hypertensive diabetic patients compared to normotensives (52.3 vs. 76.1 ml/min per 1.73 m2) (P < 0.01), while this difference was not significant in the micro- and macroalbuminuric groups. We conclude from our study that the stage of hyperfiltration could not be detected in non-insulin-dependent diabetes and that hypertension has a significant influence on the rate of decline of GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L John
- Department of Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore, India
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19
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Sales S, Mathews P, Gamblin D, Gee S. Caregiver involvement in a large clinical systems project. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1994:371-4. [PMID: 7949953 PMCID: PMC2247837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region (KPNCR) CareGiver Workstation (CGW) Project's mission is to develop and implement a clinical workstation system that will enhance each caregiver-member interaction and aid in the decision-making processes of direct patient care in the inpatient and outpatient settings. The requirements analysis approach for CareGiver Workstation (CGW) is based on the belief that extensive caregiver involvement will provide a better understanding of the diverse needs of Kaiser Permanente Northern California Region (KPNCR). In order to involve as many caregivers as reasonably possible, CGW included a 16 member caregiver core team and 6 different Medical Centers in the requirements definition process. The Medical Centers are referred to as "focus facilities". A "focus group" (caregiver team) at each selected focus facility consisted of a site coordinator and a 24-30 person multidisciplinary team involving physicians, nurses, therapists and other caregivers. The Medical Center selection process identified facilities that provided the best cross-sectional representation of KPNCR. The Lead Focus Facility participated in the initial round of requirements definition activities. These sessions assisted in the design of a simulation that was used at five additional Medical Centers to validate requirements. The five additional Focus Facilities participated in simulation review sessions. Feedback from these sessions was used to revise the simulation and update the requirements document. Caregivers from all six focus facilities and other identified groups participated in a requirements survey to assist CGW with identification of high priority features. Caregiver commitment and continuing involvement are essential for the success of CGW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sales
- CareGiver Workstation Project, Kaiser Permanente, Northern California Region, Oakland
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Graham
- Department of Traumatic and Orthopaedic Surgery, Royal Infirmary, Cardiff
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21
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Abstract
A 76-yr-old female with acute pancreatitis and a normal/borderline elevated serum calcium level was found to have an elevated immunoreactive circulating PTH concentration using a C-terminal assay. This high PTH concentration misled the attending physicians and resulted, in retrospect, in an unnecessary neck exploration. When the patient's serum was examined it was found to contain a binding component that bound both C-terminal and PTH-(1-84). This binding component was not retained on a Sep-Pak column and was precipitated by antiserum directed against human immunoglobulin M. The presence of circulating anti-PTH immunoglobulin M explains the apparently high PTH concentrations measured by RIA. The antibodies occurred spontaneously. To the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon has not previously been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilkinson
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Abstract
The contribution of hippocampal and nonhippocampal memory processing to simultaneous-cue odor discrimination learning was assessed. In this task, rats with hippocampal system damage consequent to fornix lesions (fornix rats) were severely and persistently impaired in discrimination learning, acquisition of learning set, and concurrent discrimination, although they occasionally solved some problems at a normal rate. By using those problems on which fornix rats succeeded, to permit comparisons of performance strategies with normal rats, differences between groups were shown on response latency measures and on probe trials involving the novel pairing of familiar odors. Normal rats had a bimodal distribution of response latencies, and their latency depended on where the S+ was presented. Fornix rats had short response latencies and responded equally quickly wherever the S+ was presented. Furthermore, when the representation of familiar S+ and S- odor pairs was challenged in probe trials, normal rats responded appropriately to the correct stimulus, whereas fornix rats behaved as if presented with a new odor pair. These data provide support for the view that the hippocampus participates in the representation of relations among odor (and other) stimuli and among other experiences and that it permits the flexible use of these representations in new contexts. In contrast, memory processing outside the hippocampal system can represent only the significance of individual stimuli and can be revealed only in a repetition of the original learning event.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eichenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Massachusetts 02181
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23
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Abstract
The contribution of hippocampal and nonhippocampal memory processing to simultaneous-cue odor discrimination learning was assessed. In this task, rats with hippocampal system damage consequent to fornix lesions (fornix rats) were severely and persistently impaired in discrimination learning, acquisition of learning set, and concurrent discrimination, although they occasionally solved some problems at a normal rate. By using those problems on which fornix rats succeeded, to permit comparisons of performance strategies with normal rats, differences between groups were shown on response latency measures and on probe trials involving the novel pairing of familiar odors. Normal rats had a bimodal distribution of response latencies, and their latency depended on where the S+ was presented. Fornix rats had short response latencies and responded equally quickly wherever the S+ was presented. Furthermore, when the representation of familiar S+ and S- odor pairs was challenged in probe trials, normal rats responded appropriately to the correct stimulus, whereas fornix rats behaved as if presented with a new odor pair. These data provide support for the view that the hippocampus participates in the representation of relations among odor (and other) stimuli and among other experiences and that it permits the flexible use of these representations in new contexts. In contrast, memory processing outside the hippocampal system can represent only the significance of individual stimuli and can be revealed only in a repetition of the original learning event.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eichenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Massachusetts 02181
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24
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Eichenbaum H, Fagan A, Mathews P, Cohen NJ. Hippocampal system dysfunction and odor discrimination learning in rats: impairment or facilitation depending on representational demands. Behav Neurosci 1988. [PMID: 3395444 DOI: 10.1037//0735-7044.102.3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance of normal rats and that of rats with hippocampal system damage were compared on acquisition of different versions of the same two-odor discrimination task that placed different encoding and representational demands on memory. Rats with fornix lesions were impaired when explicit comparisons among multiple odor cues and differential response choices were encouraged. However, when odor-cue comparison was hindered and explicit cues for response choice were eliminated, rats with fornix lesions out performed normal animals. The results support an hypothesis that the hippocampal system is critical to a memory representation based on encoding relations among multiple percepts, and other brain systems support performance adaptations based on encodings of stimuli individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eichenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Massachusetts 02181
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Mathews P. Patient and community health education. J Healthc Educ Train 1988; 2:30-3. [PMID: 10287479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Eichenbaum H, Fagan A, Mathews P, Cohen NJ. Hippocampal system dysfunction and odor discrimination learning in rats: Impairment of facilitation depending on representational demands. Behav Neurosci 1988; 102:331-9. [PMID: 3395444 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.102.3.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The performance of normal rats and that of rats with hippocampal system damage were compared on acquisition of different versions of the same two-odor discrimination task that placed different encoding and representational demands on memory. Rats with fornix lesions were impaired when explicit comparisons among multiple odor cues and differential response choices were encouraged. However, when odor-cue comparison was hindered and explicit cues for response choice were eliminated, rats with fornix lesions out performed normal animals. The results support an hypothesis that the hippocampal system is critical to a memory representation based on encoding relations among multiple percepts, and other brain systems support performance adaptations based on encodings of stimuli individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Eichenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Massachusetts 02181
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Mathews P, Neale P, Wareing T. Money in the bank. Health Soc Serv J 1984; 94:1178-9. [PMID: 10268977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Clifford JH, Mathews P, Reiquam CW, Palmer HD. Screening for hemolytic disease of the newborn by cord blood Coombs testing--analysis of a five-year experience. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1968; 7:465-9. [PMID: 4970065 DOI: 10.1177/000992286800700807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An accepted diagnostic feature of hemo lytic disease of the newborn due to isoimmu nization by any of the Rh factors is a posi tive direct antiglobulin reaction (Coombs test) with umbilical cord blood. Not so well documented is the usefulness of the direct antiglobulin test for the recog nition of hemolytic disease associated with ABO grouping differences. Some believe the test to be generally negative or weakly posi tive in infants who clinically and hemato logically have hemolytic disease related to ABO incompatibility, whereas others claim to find the direct test positive in 90 per cent of such infants. The latter contention is supported by the findings in the study here described. The direct Coombs test on cord blood is suggested as a useful screening test particu larly when Rh or ABO grouping of the parents is either not known, or so related to each other that a potential isoimmunization problem may ensue in the infant.
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Mathews P. Discussion on the Uses of Tuberculin in Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Proc R Soc Med 1912; 5:121-125. [PMID: 19976452 PMCID: PMC2005454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Mathews P. The Puffing of Nostrums. West J Med 1902. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.2188.1808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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