1
|
Manjunath KS, Singh S, Kalia P, Mangal M, Sharma BB, Singh N, Ray M, Rao M, Tomar BS. Commercial suitability and characterization of newly developed Erucastrum canariense (Can) sterile cytoplasm based cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines in Indian cauliflower. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2346. [PMID: 38282114 PMCID: PMC10822850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The study presents the first to characterize novel Erucastrum canarianse Webb and Berthel (or Can) sterile cytoplasm-based CMS lines in Indian cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and investigating their commercial suitability. Eleven Can-based CMS lines were examined for 12 agro-morphological and yield traits,18 floral traits, four seed yield traits together with three each of the Ogura (source: wild Japanese Radish) and Tour (Source: Brassica tournefortii) cytoplasms. All of the recorded floral and seed traits showed significant (P > 0.05) differences between the CMS lines of each group. Agro-morphological and yield traits in CMS lines and their maintainers, however, were non-significantly different. All the Can- and Ogura-based CMS lines showed flowering and appropriate seed formation by natural cross-pollination. Only two Tour cytoplasm-based CMS lines, Tour (DC-41-5) and Tour (DC-67), produced the smallest malformed flowers and stigma. The highest seed yield per plant in CMS lines was in Ogu (DC-98-4) and the lowest in Tour (DC-67). P14 and P15, two polymorphic mtDNA markers, were discovered for the Can CMS system for early detection. Five primers (ITS5a-ITS4, atpF-atpH, P16, rbeL and trnL), along with their maintainers, were sequenced and aligned to detect nucleotide changes including as additions and or deletions at different positions. The newly introduced E. canariense sterile cytoplasm-based CMS system in cauliflower is the subject of the first comprehensive report, which emphasises their potential as a further stable and reliable genetic mechanism for hybrid breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Manjunath
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shrawan Singh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Manisha Mangal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Brij Bihari Sharma
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Naveen Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ray
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistical Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mahesh Rao
- ICAR-National Institute of Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bhoopal Singh Tomar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gaikwad K, Ramakrishna G, Srivastava H, Saxena S, Kaila T, Tyagi A, Sharma P, Sharma S, Sharma R, Mahla HR, Kumar K, Sv AM, Solanke AU, Kalia P, Rao AR, Rai A, Sharma TR, Singh NK. The chromosome-scale genome assembly of cluster bean provides molecular insight into edible gum (galactomannan) biosynthesis family genes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9941. [PMID: 37336893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub 2n = 14, is commonly known as Guar. Apart from being a vegetable crop, it is an abundant source of a natural hetero-polysaccharide called guar gum or galactomannan. Here, we are reporting a chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of a popular cluster bean cultivar RGC-936, by combining sequencing data from Illumina, 10X Genomics, Oxford Nanopore technologies. An initial assembly of 1580 scaffolds with an N50 value of 7.12 Mb was generated and these scaffolds were anchored to a high density SNP linkage map. Finally, a genome assembly of 550.31 Mb (94% of the estimated genome size of ~ 580 Mb (through flow cytometry) with 58 scaffolds was obtained, including 7 super scaffolds with a very high N50 value of 78.27 Mb. Phylogenetic analysis using single copy orthologs among 12 angiosperms showed that cluster bean shared a common ancestor with other legumes 80.6 MYA. No evidence of recent whole genome duplication event in cluster bean was found in our analysis. Further comparative transcriptomics analyses revealed pod-specific up-regulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in galactomannan biosynthesis. The high-quality chromosome-scale cluster bean genome assembly will facilitate understanding of the molecular basis of galactomannan biosynthesis and aid in genomics-assisted improvement of cluster bean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | | | | | - Swati Saxena
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanvi Kaila
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - R Sharma
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - H R Mahla
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitha Mithra Sv
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Sciences, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - A R Rao
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - T R Sharma
- DDG (CS), Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
| | - N K Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saha P, Ghoshal C, Saha ND, Verma A, Srivastava M, Kalia P, Tomar BS. Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of Downy Mildew-Resistant Gene Ppa3 and Black Rot-Resistant Gene Xca1bo in Popular Early Cauliflower Variety Pusa Meghna. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:603600. [PMID: 34497616 PMCID: PMC8420869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.603600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cauliflower is an important extensively grown cool season vegetable in India. Black rot and downy mildew are major devastating diseases reducing yield and quality of the crop. To tackle these through host plant resistance, a marker-assisted backcross breeding method was followed to pyramid a black rot-resistant gene (Xca1bo) and a downy mildew-resistant gene (Ppa3) from donors BR-161 and BR-2, respectively, into the background of Pusa Meghna cauliflower cultivar. Marker-assisted backcross breeding was followed up to BC2 generation using SCAR marker ScOPO-04833 and SSR marker BoGMS0624 for black rot and downy mildew resistance genes in foreground selection, respectively. In background selection, at each stage of backcrossing, 47 parental polymorphic SSR markers were used. The graphical genotyping of the five two-gene (Xca1boXca1boPpa3Ppa3) homozygous BC2F2 plants showed an average recovery of 85.44% of the Pusa Meghna genome with highest genome recovery of 91.7%. The genome contribution of donor parents (BR-161 and BR-2) was 8.26 with 6.34% of residual heterozygousity. The backcross derived pyramided lines BC2F2:3-7-16 and BC2F2:3-7-33 showed high resistance to both the diseases and exhibited higher yield and vitamin C content as compared with recipient parent Pusa Meghna. It is, therefore, evident from this study that resistant genes can be introgressed successfully into a Pusa Meghna cultivar without any yield penalty, benefitting farmers with reduced input cost and consumers with chemical residue free produce. Besides, the pyramided lines carrying dominant resistant genes can be exploited in a hybridization programme to develop hybrid(s) in cauliflower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Partha Saha
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrika Ghoshal
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Das Saha
- Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakriti Verma
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohita Srivastava
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhoopal Singh Tomar
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh S, Kalia P, Meena RK, Mangal M, Islam S, Saha S, Tomar BS. Genetics and Expression Analysis of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Curd Portion of Sicilian Purple to Facilitate Biofortification of Indian Cauliflower. Front Plant Sci 2020; 10:1766. [PMID: 32117339 PMCID: PMC7003135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to know the genetics of purple color of cauliflower curds using a Sicilian purple 'PC-1' and a white curding mid-late group genotype of Indian cauliflower. For this, a cross was attempted between 'DC-466' (white curd) and 'PC-1' (purple curd) and observed intermediate level of purple pigmentation on curds in F1 plants. Segregation of F2 population (173) revealed that the purple color of the curd was governed by a single gene dominant over white, but the expression of trait was incomplete. It was substantiated by segregation of plants of BC1 and F2:3(intermediate) generations into 1(white):1(intermediate) and 1(white):2(intermediate):1(intense), respectively. The F2, B1, and B2 generations segregated into purple(intermediate to intense): white curding plants in the ratio of 126: 47, 26:24, and 40:0, respectively fitting well with the Mendelian ratio of single gene for purple curds. However, purple pigmentation on curds ranged from very light to intense, which corroborated with the wide range of anthocyanin content in F2 (3.81-48.21 mg/100 g fw). Out of three molecular markers from high resolution map of Pr gene in purple color cauliflower 'Graffiti', only BoMYB3 marker could distinguish purple and white curding parents but did not show co-segregation while investigated in F2 population. Expression of BoMYB1 gene was up regulated in both the purple curd genotypes 'PC-1' and 'Graffiti' in comparison to white curded 'DC-466', while BoMYB2 gene was slightly upregulated in 'PC-1' but down regulated in 'Graffiti'. Occurrence of 'broccoli type' F2 individuals and their genetic stability in F2:3 support the intermediate position of 'Sicilian purple' between broccoli (Calabrese) and cauliflower. There was not any correlation between curd coloration and pigmentation on apical leaf and stem portion, indicating difference of expression in 'PC-1' than 'Graffiti'. The information obtained is useful for breeding anthocyanin rich attractive purple curding 'specialty cauliflower' for better consumer health and growers' earnings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrawan Singh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Meena
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Mangal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sabina Islam
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Supradip Saha
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhoopal S. Tomar
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vanlalneihi B, Saha P, Kalia P, Jaiswal S, Kundu A, Saha ND, Sirowa SS, Singh N. Chemometric approach based characterization and selection of mid-early cauliflower for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:293-300. [PMID: 31975732 PMCID: PMC6952495 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-019-04060-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to analyse bioactive compounds (total phenolics, ascorbic acid and sinigrin) and antioxidant activity in 14 mid-early cauliflower genotypes. Significant differences (pb 0.05) were observed among the genotypes for all bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity. Total phenolics content of curd were ranged from 20.36 to 48.93 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 100 g-1 fresh weight (FW) which showed 2.5 times variation. The ascorbic acid content was maximum in DC522 (88.53 mg 100 g-1 FW) followed by Pusa Sharad (65.64 mg 100 g-1 FW) while minimum in DC310 (39.62 65.64 mg 100 g-1 FW). Wide variation was observed for cupric reducing antioxidant capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power ranging from 9.04 to 20.83 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW and 13.11 to 26.31 mg GAE 100 g-1 FW, respectively. Sinigrin was found to be highest in DC306 (39.50 µmol 100 g-1 FW) for leaf and in DC326 (36.93 µmol 100 g-1 FW) for curd sample. The cauliflower genotypes were classified based on chemometric approaches namely principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) explained 50.62% and 23.28% of total variance, respectively. The AHC as revealed by heat map classified cauliflower genotypes into four main groups based on measured traits. The information is useful for developing varieties and/or hybrids rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. Vanlalneihi
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bengaluru, 560 089 India
| | - Partha Saha
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - P. Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Aditi Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - N. D. Saha
- CESCRA, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Shrawan Singh Sirowa
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Naveen Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kalia P, Mangal M, Singh S, Chugh C, Mishra S, Chaudhary S. Morphological and molecular changes on cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) introgression in Asiatic carrot (Daucus carota L.). Planta 2019; 250:507-518. [PMID: 31098709 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: 'Petaloid' cytoplasmic male sterility is commonly used as a stable genetic mechanism in carrot hybrid breeding. Its introgression in tropical carrot showed morphometric changes and molecular markers were identified for detection at early stage. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is the only genetic mechanism in carrot for commercial exploitation of heterosis and production of low cost affordable hybrid seeds. The 'petaloid' CMS system is stable and commonly used in hybrid breeding in temperate carrot but there is no information available on existence of natural CMS system in tropical Asiatic carrot. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate morphometric traits and organizational features of cytoplasmic atp9 gene sequences in newly converted CMS lines (BC4-7) of tropical carrot. The CMS lines had root traits at par with fertile counterparts while floral traits had variation. Petal colour and length, petaloids colour and shape and style length showed differences among the CMS lines and with their maintainers. Molecular markers are effective to establish male sterility at genetic level, for this, six fixed and stable CMS lines were screened with seven novel primer combinations. Out of which five pairs produced clearly distinguishable bands in CMS lines and their fertile counterparts. The study confirmed that the region between 3' end of atp9-1/atp9-3 gene and 5' end of region of homology to Arabidopsis thaliana mtDNA is ideal for developing the trait specific markers. These new CMS lines have potential to use in hybrid development and molecular markers will be useful to confirm male sterility to rogue out fertile plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Manisha Mangal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shrawan Singh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Chetna Chugh
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Sheshnath Mishra
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shivpratap Chaudhary
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mathapati GB, Kalia P, Islam S, Saini N, Kumar A, Khar A. Influence of Culture Media and Their Compositions on Haploid Induction in Indian Short Day Onion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-018-0990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
8
|
Rawal HC, Kumar S, Mithra S V A, Solanke AU, Nigam D, Saxena S, Tyagi A, V S, Yadav NR, Kalia P, Singh NP, Singh NK, Sharma TR, Gaikwad K. High Quality Unigenes and Microsatellite Markers from Tissue Specific Transcriptome and Development of a Database in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba, L. Taub). Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8110313. [PMID: 29120386 PMCID: PMC5704226 DOI: 10.3390/genes8110313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub), is an important industrial, vegetable and forage crop. This crop owes its commercial importance to the presence of guar gum (galactomannans) in its endosperm which is used as a lubricant in a range of industries. Despite its relevance to agriculture and industry, genomic resources available in this crop are limited. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to generate RNA-Seq based transcriptome from leaf, shoot, and flower tissues. A total of 145 million high quality Illumina reads were assembled using Trinity into 127,706 transcripts and 48,007 non-redundant high quality (HQ) unigenes. We annotated 79% unigenes against Plant Genes from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), Swiss-Prot, Pfam, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG databases. Among the annotated unigenes, 30,020 were assigned with 116,964 GO terms, 9984 with EC and 6111 with 137 KEGG pathways. At different fragments per kilobase of transcript per millions fragments sequenced (FPKM) levels, genes were found expressed higher in flower tissue followed by shoot and leaf. Additionally, we identified 8687 potential simple sequence repeats (SSRs) with an average frequency of one SSR per 8.75 kb. A total of 28 amplified SSRs in 21 clusterbean genotypes resulted in polymorphism in 13 markers with average polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.21. We also constructed a database named ‘ClustergeneDB’ for easy retrieval of unigenes and the microsatellite markers. The tissue specific genes identified and the molecular marker resources developed in this study is expected to aid in genetic improvement of clusterbean for its end use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hukam C Rawal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Shrawan Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Amitha Mithra S V
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Amolkumar U Solanke
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Deepti Nigam
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Swati Saxena
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Sureshkumar V
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Neelam R Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, India.
| | - Pritam Kalia
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | | | | | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mangal M, Srivastava A, Sharma R, Kalia P. Conservation and Dispersion of Genes Conferring Resistance to Tomato Begomoviruses between Tomato and Pepper Genomes. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1803. [PMID: 29163560 PMCID: PMC5681951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present climate change scenario, controlling plant disease through exploitation of host plant resistance could contribute toward the sustainable crop production and global food security. In this respect, the identification of new sources of resistance and utilization of genetic diversity within the species may help in the generation of cultivars with improved disease resistance. Begomoviruses namely, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Chilli leaf curl virus (ChLCV) are known to cause major yield losses in several economically important crop plants of the family Solanaceae. Though co-occurrence, association and synergistic interactions among these viruses in the host plants is reported, whether orthologous genetic loci in related host plants could be responsible for conferring resistance to these viruses has not been investigated yet. Several loci including Ty1, Ty2, Ty3, Ty4, and ty5 have been reported to confer resistance to leaf curl viruses in tomato. Here, we examined the pepper orthologous markers, corresponding to these QTL regions, for polymorphism between ChLCV susceptible and resistant genotypes of pepper. Further, to examine if the polymorphic markers are segregating with the disease resistance, Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA) was performed on F2 population derived from crosses between resistant and susceptible lines. However, none of the markers showed polymorphism in BSA suggesting that the tested markers are not linked to genes/QTLs responsible for conferring resistance to ChLCV in the selected genotypes. In silico analysis was performed to study the synteny and collinearity of genes located within these QTL regions in tomato and pepper genomes, which revealed that more than 60% genes located in Ty2 and Ty4, 13.71% genes in Ty1, 23.07% in Ty3, and 44.77% genes located within ty5 QTL region in tomato are conserved in pepper genome. However, despite such a high conservation in gene content, the linkage relationship in these regions seems to be greatly affected by gross rearrangements in both the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Mangal
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Srivastava
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rita Sharma
- Crop Genetics and Informatics Group, School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sanghani-Kerai A, Coathup M, Samazideh S, Kalia P, Silvio LD, Idowu B, Blunn G. Osteoporosis and ageing affects the migration of stem cells and this is ameliorated by transfection with CXCR4. Bone Joint Res 2017; 6:358-365. [PMID: 28576885 PMCID: PMC5492335 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.66.bjr-2016-0259.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cellular movement and relocalisation are important for many physiologic properties. Local mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from injured tissues and circulating MSCs aid in fracture healing. Cytokines and chemokines such as Stromal cell-derived factor 1(SDF-1) and its receptor chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) play important roles in maintaining mobilisation, trafficking and homing of stem cells from bone marrow to the site of injury. We investigated the differences in migration of MSCs from the femurs of young, adult and ovariectomised (OVX) rats and the effect of CXCR4 over-expression on their migration. METHODS MSCs from young, adult and OVX rats were put in a Boyden chamber to establish their migration towards SDF-1. This was compared with MSCs transfected with CXCR4, as well as MSCs differentiated to osteoblasts. RESULTS MSCs from OVX rats migrate significantly (p < 0.05) less towards SDF-1 (9%, sd 5%) compared with MSCs from adult (15%, sd 3%) and young rats (25%, sd 4%). Cells transfected with CXCR4 migrated significantly more towards SDF-1 compared with non-transfected cells, irrespective of whether these cells were from OVX (26.5%, sd 4%), young (47%, sd 17%) or adult (21%, sd 4%) rats. Transfected MSCs differentiated to osteoblasts express CXCR4 but do not migrate towards SDF-1. CONCLUSIONS MSC migration is impaired by age and osteoporosis in rats, and this may be associated with a significant reduction in bone formation in osteoporotic patients. The migration of stem cells can be ameliorated by upregulating CXCR4 levels which could possibly enhance fracture healing in osteoporotic patients.Cite this article: A. Sanghani-Kerai, M. Coathup, S. Samazideh, P. Kalia, L. Di Silvio, B. Idowu, G. Blunn. Osteoporosis and ageing affects the migration of stem cells and this is ameliorated by transfection with CXCR4. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:-365. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.66.BJR-2016-0259.R1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sanghani-Kerai
- The John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - M Coathup
- The John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - S Samazideh
- The John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| | - P Kalia
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - L Di Silvio
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - B Idowu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biophotonics, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - G Blunn
- The John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, Stanmore, Middlesex HA7 4LP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saritha RK, Jain P, Baranwal VK, Jain RK, Srivastava A, Kalia P. First record of Pepper cryptic virus 2 in chilli ( Capsicum annuum) in India. Virusdisease 2017; 27:327-328. [PMID: 28466049 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of Pepper cryptic virus 2 was confirmed by RT-PCR and partial sequencing of coat protein gene in chilli cultivars Jwalamukhi and Jwalasakhi grown in the experimental farm at IARI, New Delhi. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of occurrence of cryptovirus in chilli in India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Saritha
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Prachi Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - V K Baranwal
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - R K Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Arpita Srivastava
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - P Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma BB, Kalia P, Singh D, Sharma TR. Introgression of Black Rot Resistance from Brassica carinata to Cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea botrytis Group) through Embryo Rescue. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1255. [PMID: 28769959 PMCID: PMC5513967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) is a very important disease of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis group) resulting into 10-50% yield losses every year. Since there is a dearth of availability of resistance to black rot disease in B. oleracea (C genome), therefore exploration of A and B genomes was inevitable as they have been reported to be potential reservoirs of gene(s) for resistance to black rot. To utilize these sources, interspecific hybrid and backcross progeny (B1) were generated between cauliflower "Pusa Sharad" and Ethiopian mustard "NPC-9" employing in vitro embryo rescue technique. Direct ovule culture method was better than siliqua culture under different temperature regime periods. Hybridity testing of F1 inter-specific plants was carried out using co-dominant SSR marker and Brassica B and C genome-specific (DB and DC) primers. Meiosis in the di-genomic (BCC) interspecific hybrid of B. oleracea botrytis group (2n = 18, CC) × B. carinata (2n = 4x = 34, BBCC) was higly disorganized and cytological analysis of pollen mother cells revealed chromosomes 2n = 26 at metaphase-I. Fertile giant pollen grain formation was observed frequently in interspecific F1 hybrid and BC1 plants. The F1 inter-specific plants were found to be resistant to Xcc race 1. Segregation distortion was observed in BC1 generation for black rot resistance and different morphological traits. The At1g70610 marker analysis confirmed successful introgression of black rot resistance in interspecific BC1 population. This effort will go a long way in pyramiding gene(s) for resistance against black rot in Cole crops, especially cauliflower and cabbage for developing durable resistance, thus minimize dependency on bactericides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brij B. Sharma
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Pritam Kalia
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma BB, Kalia P, Yadava DK, Singh D, Sharma TR. Genetics and Molecular Mapping of Black Rot Resistance Locus Xca1bc on Chromosome B-7 in Ethiopian Mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun). PLoS One 2016. [PMID: 27023128 DOI: 10.1371/jo] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Black rot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pam.) Dowson is the most destructive disease of cauliflower causing huge loss to the farmers throughout the world. Since there are limited sources of resistance to black rot in B. oleracea (C genome Brassica), exploration of A and B genomes of Brassica was planned as these were thought to be potential reservoirs of black rot resistance gene(s). In our search for new gene(s) for black rot resistance, F2 mapping population was developed in Brassica carinata (BBCC) by crossing NPC-17, a susceptible genotype with NPC-9, a resistant genotype. Out of 364 Intron length polymorphic markers and microsatellite primers used in this study, 41 distinguished the parental lines. However, resistant and susceptible bulks could be distinguished by three markers At1g70610, SSR Na14-G02 and At1g71865 which were used for genotyping of F2 mapping population. These markers were placed along the resistance gene, according to order, covering a distance of 36.30 cM. Intron length polymorphic markers At1g70610 and At1g71865 were found to be linked to black rot resistance locus (Xca1bc) at 6.2 and 12.8 cM distance, respectively. This is the first report of identification of markers linked to Xca1bc locus in Brassica carinata on B-7 linkage group. Intron length polymorphic markers provided a novel and attractive option for marker assisted selection due to high cross transferability and cost effectiveness for marker assisted alien gene introgression into cauliflower.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brij Bihari Sharma
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Yadava
- Division of Seed Science & Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dinesh Singh
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mahalingam S, Kalia P, Mugilan S. Oral and maxillofacial surgery in medical schools in the United Kingdom. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:295-7. [PMID: 25596796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) is better established in dental schools than in medical schools, and as a result, dental students have a greater insight into the scope of the specialty. We explore how much time is allocated to OMFS in the undergraduate curriculum in medical schools in the UK, and the students' perceptions of the specialty. A total of 186 final year students from 5 medical schools were recruited in a questionnaire-based survey. Of them, 141 (76%) reported no exposure to OMFS, and 37 of the 45 students (82%) who had had some exposure reported that it was not part of their timetabled curriculum. The 2 aspects considered most important by students were the long training pathway (n=38, 20%) and the requirement for dual qualification (n=33, 18%). Our results suggest that UK medical schools provide limited exposure to OMFS. We think it is important that the specialty is included in the compulsory undergraduate curriculum to ensure that medical students gain some awareness. This will not only allow junior doctors to make better informed decisions about their chosen careers, but may also help to reduce the number of inappropriate referrals from doctors in other specialties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mahalingam
- Department of Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, Canada Avenue, Redhill, Surrey RH1 5RH, United Kingdom.
| | - P Kalia
- Department of Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, Canada Avenue, Redhill, Surrey RH1 5RH, United Kingdom
| | - S Mugilan
- Department of Surgery, East Surrey Hospital, Canada Avenue, Redhill, Surrey RH1 5RH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Murali S, Kar A, Mohapatra D, Kalia P. Encapsulation of black carrot juice using spray and freeze drying. FOOD SCI TECHNOL INT 2014; 21:604-12. [DOI: 10.1177/1082013214557843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Black carrot juice extracted using pectinase enzyme was encapsulated in three different carrier materials (maltodextrin 20DE, gum arabic and tapioca starch) using spray drying at four inlet temperatures (150, 175, 200 and 225 ℃) and freeze drying at a constant temperature of − 53 ℃ and vacuum of 0.22–0.11 mbar with the constant feed mixture. The products were analyzed for total anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, water solubility index, encapsulation efficiency and total colour change. For both the drying methods followed in this study, maltodextrin 20DE as the carrier material has proven to be better in retaining maximum anthocyanin and antioxidant activity compared to gum arabic and tapioca starch. The best spray dried product, was obtained at 150 ℃. The most acceptable was the freeze dried product with maximum anthocyanin content, antioxidant activity, water solubility index, encapsulation efficiency and colour change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Murali
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Kar
- Division of Food Science and Post Harvest Technology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Debabandya Mohapatra
- Agricultural Produce Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
| | - Pritam Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahalingam S, Kalia P, Nagendran A, Oakeshott P. Undergraduate exposure to plastic surgery: the medical student perspective. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014; 67:e125-6. [PMID: 24444798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Mahalingam
- Department of Population Health Sciences & Education, St Georges University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - P Kalia
- Department of Population Health Sciences & Education, St Georges University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - A Nagendran
- Department of Population Health Sciences & Education, St Georges University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - P Oakeshott
- Department of Population Health Sciences & Education, St Georges University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
In January 2012, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants (19 out of 38) of one of the accessions (EC687345, variety NVRS-10:001818) exhibiting mild mosaic and stunted growth symptoms were observed at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) experimental farm, New Delhi. Similar disease symptoms in lettuce plants in India were previously described (3) and the associated virus was characterized for host range, dilution end point, thermal inactivation point, and longevity in vitro. In this study, definitive molecular evidence is presented for the presence of Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV) infecting lettuce in India. Analysis of preparations from leaves of symptomatic samples with an electron microscope revealed flexuous virus particles measuring 750 × 13 nm, suggesting the association of a potyvirus (4). To identify the potyvirus infecting these lettuce plants, the 3' terminal portion of the genome including the part of the nuclear inclusion b (NIb), complete coat protein (CP) region, and 3' untranslated region (UTR) was amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, and sequenced. Total RNA was extracted from infected leaves using an RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) and subjected to RT-PCR using potyvirus specific forward (5' ACCACAGGATCCGGBAAYAAYAGYGGDCARCC 3') and reverse (5' CACGGATCCCGGG(T17)V 3') primers (2). PCR products (~1.8 kb) were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector (Promega, Madison, WI) and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. JQ794776). Sequence comparisons revealed the CP of the virus infecting lettuce (834 bp) shared 96 to 100% nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence identity with the corresponding regions of LMV isolates AJ306288 and AJ297630 from the United Kingdom, CAA46603 and NC003605 from the United States, AJ278854 and AJ278854 from Brazil, and AJ488153 from China, thus complying with the cut off range of 90 to 99% for identifying isolates/strains of the same virus (1). Similarly, 99 to 100% nucleotide sequence identity was observed with the corresponding region of the 3'UTR (245 bp) while 93 to 96% nucleotide identity of NIb region (654 bp) with LMV isolates. These results confirm that the virus infecting the symptomatic lettuce plants was an isolate of LMV. The amino acid sequences (DAG and WCIEN) conserved among majority of potyviruses were also present. Since the virus is aphid transmissible, its natural infection on other hosts and spread can't be ruled out. References: (1) M. J. Adams et al. Arch Virol. 150:459, 2005. (2) A. Gibbs and A. Mackenzie. J. Virol. Methods 63:9, 1997. (3) T. K. Nariani and P. S. Pathanian. Indian Phytopathol. 13:172, 1960. (4) D. D. Shukla et al. The Potyviridae, page 338, 1994.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Sharma
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi
| | - R K Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi
| | - S Saha
- Division of Vegetable Sciences, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi
| | - P Kalia
- Division of Vegetable Sciences, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kaur C, Walia S, Nagal S, Walia S, Singh J, Singh BB, Saha S, Singh B, Kalia P, Jaggi S, Sarika. Functional quality and antioxidant composition of selected tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L) cultivars grown in Northern India. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Cyna AM, Hovenden JL, Lehmann A, Rajaseker K, Kalia P. Routine replacement of central venous catheters: telephone survey of intensive care units in mainland Britain. BMJ 1998; 316:1944-5. [PMID: 9641930 PMCID: PMC28591 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.316.7149.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Cyna
- Department of Anaesthesia, Hartlepool District General Hospital, Hartlepool, Cleveland TS24 9AH
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kalia P, Saxena N. High versus low approach for internal jugular cannulation with double lumen catheters. Indian J Med Res 1991; 94:236-7. [PMID: 1937607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Double lumen cannulae were inserted through the right internal jugular vein (IJV) in 100 children, undergoing open heart surgery. High approach (n = 50, group I) of IJV cannulation was compared with low approach (n = 50, group II). In both the groups, hydromer coated double lumen polyurethane cannulae (Hydrocath) were introduced using Seldinger's technique; 98 per cent success rate was achieved in both the groups. Tip of cannulae was in intrathoracic position in 100 per cent patients. One patient in group I had carotid artery puncture. Catheter blockage occurred in one patient each in both the groups. Double lumen catheters are easy to insert and offer two lumens through single puncture site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kalia
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Seventeen patients with Goldenhar's syndrome who had surgery 28 times are presented. Various authors have reported problems in the anaesthetic management of these patients, but we encountered significant difficulties in only one. Three anaesthetic techniques were used. A thorough pre-operative assessment with back-up facilities for difficult intubation are important. Additional cardiorespiratory and craniovertebral anomalies may necessitate modifications in the basic techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Madan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kalia P, Sharma SK. Biochemical genetics of powdery mildew resistance in pea. Theor Appl Genet 1988; 76:795-799. [PMID: 24232360 DOI: 10.1007/bf00303528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/1987] [Accepted: 05/25/1988] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A biochemical study on phenolic (total phenols and orthodihydroxy phenols) content and on the activities of phenol oxidizing enzymes (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase) in pea cultivars resistant and susceptible to powdery mildew infection revealed that the resistant cultivars contained higher levels of phenolics and phenol-oxidizing enzymes than the susceptible ones. A further study of their F1s, F2s and backcross progenies suggested a high heritability for all biochemical traits. The correlation coefficients between the biochemical parameters and the disease index were also high. Both additive (d) and dominant (ĥ) components were found to contribute to the inheritance of these constituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Kalia
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, 176 062, Palampur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|