1
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Barua S, Lo P, Stephens M, Vazquez G, Diab S, James K, Heuring J, Muthiah K, Hayward C. A Mock Circulatory Loop Analysis of the Procyrion Aortix Pump. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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2
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Chavali S, Schnegg B, Lo P, Robson D, Emmanuel S, Jansz P, Granger E, Watson A, MacDonald P, Muthiah K, Hayward C. Peri-Perative Transfusion Requirements and ICU Length of Stay after Heart Transplantation for Patients with LVADs Anticoagulated with Apixaban - Initial Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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3
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Lu L, Zi H, Zhou J, Huang J, Deng Z, Tang Z, Li L, Shi X, Lo P, Lovell JF, Deng D, Wan C, Jin H. Engineered Microparticles for Treatment of Murine Brain Metastasis by Reprograming Tumor Microenvironment and Inhibiting MAPK Pathway. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023; 10:e2206212. [PMID: 36698296 PMCID: PMC10015898 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastases (BRM) are common in advanced lung cancer. However, their treatment is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME). Microparticles (MPs), a type of extracellular vesicle, can serve as biocompatible drug delivery vehicles that can be further modulated with genetic engineering techniques. MPs prepared from cells induced with different insults are compared and it is found that radiation-treated cell-released microparticles (RMPs) achieve optimal targeting and macrophage activation. The enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7), which simultaneously regulates tumor growth and reprograms M2 macrophages (M2Φ), is found to be expressed in BRM. Engineered RMPs are then constructed that comprise: 1) the RMP carrier that targets and reprograms M2Φ; 2) a genetically expressed SR-B1-targeting peptide for improved BBB permeability; and 3) a USP7 inhibitor to kill tumor cells and reprogram M2Φ. These RMPs successfully cross the BBB and target M2Φ in vitro and in vivo in mice, effectively reprogramming M2Φ and improving survival in a murine BRM model. Therapeutic effects are further augmented when combined with immune checkpoint blockade. This study provides proof-of-concept for the use of genetically engineered MPs for the treatment of BRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisen Lu
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070P. R. China
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022P. R. China
| | - Huaduan Zi
- Beijing Institute of Clinical ResearchBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022P. R. China
| | - Jing Huang
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Zihan Deng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Zijian Tang
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Xiujuan Shi
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong KongTat Chee AvenueKowloonHong KongHKGP. R. China
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity at BuffaloState University of New YorkBuffaloNY14260USA
| | - Deqiang Deng
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070P. R. China
| | - Chao Wan
- Cancer CenterUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022P. R. China
| | - Honglin Jin
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070P. R. China
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4
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Tam LKB, He L, Ng DKP, Cheung PCK, Lo P. A Tumor‐Targeting Dual‐Stimuli‐Activatable Photodynamic Molecular Beacon for Precise Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201652. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leo K. B. Tam
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Peter C. K. Cheung
- School of Life Sciences The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N. T. Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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5
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Cho K, Lo P, Subbiah R. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in heart transplant patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Whilst implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation is beneficial in a select group of patients, heart transplant patients were excluded from landmark clinical trials. Thus, controversy remains about the utility of ICD in high-risk heart transplant patients.
Purpose
To understand the utility, benefits and side-effects of ICD in heart transplant patients.
Methods
Five electronic databases were systematically searched from their inception to August 2021, in order to identify all studies which explored the role of ICD in heart transplant patients. We used a random-effects model for data analysis based on event rates (ER) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s regression analysis.
Results
Eleven studies with 4648 heart transplant patients, 129 of whom received ICD, met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. Studies included two multicentre retrospective cohort studies, four single centre retrospective cohort studies, two case series and three case reports. Of the 129 heart transplant patients with ICD, 74% were men, mean age at ICD implantation was 48.5 years, mean time from transplant to ICD was 99 months, and mean follow-up duration was 40 months.
The indication for ICD implantation was often multifactorial and included severe allograft vasculopathy (40%), the presence of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (37%), documented VT/VF (14%), unexplained syncope (14%), and history of cardiac arrest (13%).
Appropriate ICD therapy for patients occurred as an average event rate of 19% (95% CI 13%-27%) (I2 = 0% p = 0.66), Figure 1. Inappropriate therapy for patients occurred as an average event rate of 9% (95% CI 5%-16%) (I2 = 0% p = 0.96), Figure 2. There was no evidence of publication bias.
In total, nine ICD-related complications were reported including pocket haematoma (n = 1), pocket site infection (n = 2), infection of the ICD system (n = 1), lead displacement (n = 2) and lead fracture (n = 1). Mortality occurred in 28 patients, with heart failure being the leading primary cause of death (n = 10), followed by sepsis (n = 6), arrhythmia (n = 3) and electromechanical disassociation (n = 3).
Conclusion
Heart transplant patients with ICD more often received appropriate than inappropriate ICD shock therapy. The 19% appropriate ICD shock rate suggests a high burden of ventricular arrhythmias in high-risk heart transplant patients. Thus, ICD therapy may be beneficial in a select subset of heart transplant patients, keeping in mind even with appropriate shock therapy, subsequent terminal electromechanical disassociation and arrhythmias may imply ICD are not fully protective against arrhythmic aetiologies of mortality. Abstract Figure 1 Abstract Figure 2
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Affiliation(s)
- K Cho
- Campbelltown Hospital, Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
| | - P Lo
- St Vincents Hospital, Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Subbiah
- St Vincents Hospital, Cardiology, Sydney, Australia
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6
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Barua S, Lo P, Stevens M, Vazquez G, Diab S, Heuring J, Krisher J, Muthiah K, Hayward C. A Mock Circulatory Loop Analysis of an Intra-Aortic Cardiorenal Pump. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Chu JCH, Chin ML, Wong CTT, Hui M, Lo P, Ng DKP. One‐Pot Synthesis of a Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptide‐Conjugated Phthalocyanine for Synergistic Chemo‐Photodynamic Killing of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria. Adv Therap 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky C. H. Chu
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Miu Ling Chin
- Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Clarence T. T. Wong
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Mamie Hui
- Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
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8
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Li Y, Sun P, Zhao L, Yan X, Ng DKP, Lo P. Ferric Ion Driven Assembly of Catalase‐like Supramolecular Photosensitizing Nanozymes for Combating Hypoxic Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23228-23238. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Pan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Luyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
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9
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Li Y, Sun P, Zhao L, Yan X, Ng DKP, Lo P. Ferric Ion Driven Assembly of Catalase‐like Supramolecular Photosensitizing Nanozymes for Combating Hypoxic Tumors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Pan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Luyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong China
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10
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Shi W, Ng DKP, Zhao S, Lo P. A Phthalocyanine‐Based Glutathione‐Activated Photosensitizer with a Ferrocenyl Boron Dipyrromethene Dark Quencher for Photodynamic Therapy. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Shirui Zhao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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11
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Shi W, Ng DKP, Zhao S, Lo P. Front Cover: A Phthalocyanine‐Based Glutathione‐Activated Photosensitizer with a Ferrocenyl Boron Dipyrromethene Dark Quencher for Photodynamic Therapy (ChemPhotoChem 10/2019). CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Shirui Zhao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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12
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Shi W, Ng DKP, Zhao S, Lo P. A Phthalocyanine‐Based Glutathione‐Activated Photosensitizer with a Ferrocenyl Boron Dipyrromethene Dark Quencher for Photodynamic Therapy. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Shirui Zhao
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
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13
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Shi W, Liu J, Lo P, Ng DKP. Selective Detection of Hg
2+
Ions with Boron Dipyrromethene‐Based Fluorescent Probes Appended with a Bis(1,2,3‐triazole)amino Receptor. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1059-1065. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Jing Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringGuangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China
| | - Jian‐Yong Liu
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical SciencesCity University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin N.T. Hong Kong China
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Chong S, Lo P, Chow C, Yuen L, Chu W, Leung T, Hui J, Scaglia F. Molecular and clinical characterization of citrin deficiency in a cohort of Chinese patients in Hong Kong. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 17:3-8. [PMID: 30181955 PMCID: PMC6120422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: This retrospective study analysed a case series of subjects with citrin deficiency, and aims to present the molecular and clinical characterization of this disease in the Hong Kong Chinese population for the first time. Patients and Methods: Data from medical records of eighteen patients with citrin deficiency (years 2006–2015) were retrieved. Demographic data, biochemical parameters, radiological results, genetic testing results, management, and clinical outcome were collected and analysed. Results: Eighteen patients with diagnosis of citrin deficiency were recruited. All 18 patients carried at least one common pathogenic variant c.852_855delTATG in SLC25A13. Prolonged jaundice (neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency, NICCD) was the most common presenting symptom, in conjunction with elevated plasma citrulline, threonine, alkaline phosphatase, and alpha-fetoprotein levels. The abnormal biochemical parameters including liver derangement returned to normal range in most of the cases by 6 months of age after the introduction of a lactose-free formula. There were a few cases with atypical presentations. Two subjects did not present with NICCD, and were subsequently diagnosed later in life after their siblings presented with symptoms of citrin deficiency at one month of age and subsequently received a molecular diagnosis. One patient with citrin deficiency also exhibited multiple liver hemangioendotheliomas, which subsided gradually after introduction of a lactose-free formula. Only one patient from this cohort was offered expanded metabolic screening at birth. She was not ascertained by conducted newborn screening and was diagnosed upon presentation with cholestatic jaundice by 1 month of age. Conclusion: This is the first report of the clinical and molecular characterization of a large cohort of patients with citrin deficiency in Hong Kong. The presentation of this cohort of patients expands the clinical phenotypic spectrum of NICCD. Benign liver tumors such as hemangioendotheliomas may be associated with citrin deficiency in addition to the well-known association with hepatocellular carcinoma. Citrin deficiency may manifest in later infancy period with an NICCD-like phenotype. Furthermore, this condition is not always ascertained by expanded newborn metabolic screening testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.C. Chong
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Correspondence to: SC Chong, Department of Paediatrics, 6th Floor, Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - P. Lo
- Department of Paediatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - C.W. Chow
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - L. Yuen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - W.C.W. Chu
- Department of Imaging & Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - T.Y. Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - J. Hui
- Department of Paediatrics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - F. Scaglia
- Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Correspondence to: F. Scaglia, Department of Molecular and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Lo P, Young S, Kim HJ, Brown MS, McNitt-Gray MF. Variability in CT lung-nodule quantification: Effects of dose reduction and reconstruction methods on density and texture based features. Med Phys 2017; 43:4854. [PMID: 27487903 PMCID: PMC4967078 DOI: 10.1118/1.4954845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the effects of dose level and reconstruction method on density and texture based features computed from CT lung nodules. Methods: This study had two major components. In the first component, a uniform water phantom was scanned at three dose levels and images were reconstructed using four conventional filtered backprojection (FBP) and four iterative reconstruction (IR) methods for a total of 24 different combinations of acquisition and reconstruction conditions. In the second component, raw projection (sinogram) data were obtained for 33 lung nodules from patients scanned as a part of their clinical practice, where low dose acquisitions were simulated by adding noise to sinograms acquired at clinical dose levels (a total of four dose levels) and reconstructed using one FBP kernel and two IR kernels for a total of 12 conditions. For the water phantom, spherical regions of interest (ROIs) were created at multiple locations within the water phantom on one reference image obtained at a reference condition. For the lung nodule cases, the ROI of each nodule was contoured semiautomatically (with manual editing) from images obtained at a reference condition. All ROIs were applied to their corresponding images reconstructed at different conditions. For 17 of the nodule cases, repeat contours were performed to assess repeatability. Histogram (eight features) and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) based texture features (34 features) were computed for all ROIs. For the lung nodule cases, the reference condition was selected to be 100% of clinical dose with FBP reconstruction using the B45f kernel; feature values calculated from other conditions were compared to this reference condition. A measure was introduced, which the authors refer to as Q, to assess the stability of features across different conditions, which is defined as the ratio of reproducibility (across conditions) to repeatability (across repeat contours) of each feature. Results: The water phantom results demonstrated substantial variability among feature values calculated across conditions, with the exception of histogram mean. Features calculated from lung nodules demonstrated similar results with histogram mean as the most robust feature (Q ≤ 1), having a mean and standard deviation Q of 0.37 and 0.22, respectively. Surprisingly, histogram standard deviation and variance features were also quite robust. Some GLCM features were also quite robust across conditions, namely, diff. variance, sum variance, sum average, variance, and mean. Except for histogram mean, all features have a Q of larger than one in at least one of the 3% dose level conditions. Conclusions: As expected, the histogram mean is the most robust feature in their study. The effects of acquisition and reconstruction conditions on GLCM features vary widely, though trending toward features involving summation of product between intensities and probabilities being more robust, barring a few exceptions. Overall, care should be taken into account for variation in density and texture features if a variety of dose and reconstruction conditions are used for the quantification of lung nodules in CT, otherwise changes in quantification results may be more reflective of changes due to acquisition and reconstruction conditions than in the nodule itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lo
- Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - S Young
- Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - H J Kim
- Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - M S Brown
- Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | - M F McNitt-Gray
- Center for Computer Vision and Imaging Biomarkers, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
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16
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Sakai R, Kitano E, Hatanaka M, Lo P, Matsuura R, Deguchi K, Eguchi H, Maeda A, Watanabe M, Matsunari H, Nagashima H, Okuyama H, Miyagawa S. Studies of Pig Complement: Measurement of Pig CH50, ACH50, and Components. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:1282-4. [PMID: 27320604 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the basis of a comparison of the hemolytic complement titer in pigs with that in humans, the complement system of pigs was investigated. The response of innate immunity, such as the natural antibodies, against humans was also examined. METHODS Hemolytic complement activity of pig serum was measured with the use of a microtitration technique. CH50 was determined according to the method of Mayer. ACH50 was assayed according to the methods of Platts-Milles and Ishizaka. Hemolytic activities of C1, C4, C2, C3, C5, C8, and C9 were estimated through the use of intermediate cells and reagents, as described previously. In addition, the pig natural anti-human antibody was studied with the use of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Human PBMCs were stained with 5% pig serum, followed by staining with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled goat anti-pig IgG and IgM. The resulting stained cells were quantified by use of a FACScalibur system. The alternative pathway of pig complement was also measured with the use of human erythrocytes and normal pooled pig serum with or without Mg(++)EGTA. RESULTS Both the CH50 and ACH50 titers were lower than those of humans. Concerning the components, except for C3, each component, that is, C1, C4, C2, C5, C8, and C9, was also lower than that of humans, based on measured values for human complement components. Pig serum clearly contains natural antibodies, IgG and IgM, to human PBMCs. The alternative pathway of pig complement reacted with human erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS As a whole, pig innate immunity, the complement system and natural antibody, recognizes the surfaces of human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - E Kitano
- Department of Medical Technology Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - M Hatanaka
- Department of Medical Technology Faculty of Health Sciences, Kobe Tokiwa University, Kobe, Japan
| | - P Lo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Matsuura
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Deguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Eguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Maeda
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Watanabe
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Matsunari
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Nagashima
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - H Okuyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Miyagawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Sakai R, Esaki Y, Hasuwa H, Ikawa M, Lo P, Matsuura R, Nakahata K, Zenitani M, Asada M, Maeda A, Eguchi H, Okuyama H, Miyagawa S. Knockout of Cytidine Monophospho-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid (CMP-NeuAc) Hydroxylase From Porcine Endothelial Cells by a CRISPR System. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1320-2. [PMID: 27320613 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We attempted to knock out the expression of Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antigens through the use of a CRISPR (clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 system for pig cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH). METHODS Plasmids expressing hCas9 and sgRNA for pCMAH were prepared by ligating oligos into the BbsI site of pX330. The N-terminal and C-terminal EGFP coding regions overlapping 482 bp were PCR-amplified and placed under a ubiquitous CAG promoter. The approximately 400-bp genomic fragments containing the sgRNA target sequence of pCMAH were placed into the multi-cloning sites flanked by the EGFP fragments. The pCAG-EGxxFP-target was mixed with pX330 with/without the sgRNA sequences and then introduced into HEK293T cells. RESULTS Four oligos and primers, gSO1, gSO3, gSO4, and gSO8, were nominated from 8 candidates. Among them, gSO1 showed the best efficiency. Pig endothelial cells (PECs) from an α-Gal knockout pig were then used to examine the changes in the expression of the H-D antigen by the knockout of the CMAH genome by the pX330-gS01. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the expression of the H-D antigen in the PECs with the CRISPR (gS01) were clear in comparison with those in the parental cells, on the basis of FACS analysis data. The expression of the H-D antigen can be knocked out by use of the CRISPR system for pCMAH, thus confirming that this system is a very convenient system for producing knockout pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Y Esaki
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Hasuwa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Ikawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - P Lo
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Matsuura
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Nakahata
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Zenitani
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Asada
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - A Maeda
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Okuyama
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Miyagawa
- Department of Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan; and Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Wahi-Anwar M, Young S, Lo P, Raman S, Kim H, Brown M, McNitt-Gray M, Coy H, Ashen-Garry D, Pace-Soler E. SU-F-R-39: Effects of Radiation Dose Reduction On Renal Cell Carcinoma Discrimination Using Multi-Phasic CT Imaging. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Young S, Lo P, Hoffman J, Wahi-Anwar M, Noo F, Brown M, McNitt-Gray M. TH-AB-207A-05: A Fully-Automated Pipeline for Generating CT Images Across a Range of Doses and Reconstruction Methods. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Wahi-Anwar M, Lo P, Kim H, Brown M, McNitt-Gray M. SU-G-206-01: A Fully Automated CT Tool to Facilitate Phantom Image QA for Quantitative Imaging in Clinical Trials. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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21
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Lo P, Young S, Hoffman J, Wahi-Anwar M, Kim H, McNitt-Gray M. SU-G-206-15: Effects of Dose Reduction On Emphysema Score. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Young S, Lo P, Hoffman J, Kim H, Hsu W, Flores C, Lee G, Brown M, McNitt-Gray M. TH-AB-207A-12: CT Lung Cancer Screening and the Effects of Further Dose Reduction On CAD Performance. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4958088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Chew H, Lo P, Cao J, Sugianto N, Dhital K, Granger E, Hayward C, Jabbour A, Jansz P, Keogh A, Kotlyar E, Spratt P, Macdonald P. Retrospective Single Centre Comparison of Outcomes between Standard Criteria and Marginal Criteria Brain Dead Heart Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2016.01.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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24
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Lo P, Kovalevsky G. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone as a predictor of miscarriage rates. Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.07.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Young S, Lo P, Kim G, Hsu W, Hoffman J, Brown M, McNitt-Gray M. TU-G-204-09: The Effects of Reduced- Dose Lung Cancer Screening CT On Lung Nodule Detection Using a CAD Algorithm. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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26
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Young S, Lo P, Kim G, Hoffman J, Brown M, McNitt-Gray M. TU-G-204-07: A Research Pipeline to Simulate a Wide Range of CT Image Acquisition and Reconstruction Parameters and Assess the Performance of Quantitative Imaging and CAD Systems. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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Lo P, Young S, Kim G, Hoffman J, Brown M, McNitt-Gray M. TU-G-204-05: The Effects of CT Acquisition and Reconstruction Conditions On Computed Texture Feature Values of Lung Lesions. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Lo P, Brown MS, Kim H, Kim H, Argula R, Strange C, Goldin JG. Cyst-based measurements for assessing lymphangioleiomyomatosis in computed tomography. Med Phys 2015; 42:2287-95. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4916655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Clauvelin N, Lo P, Kulaeva OI, Nizovtseva EV, Diaz-Montes J, Zola J, Parashar M, Studitsky VM, Olson WK. Nucleosome positioning and composition modulate in silico chromatin flexibility. J Phys Condens Matter 2015; 27:064112. [PMID: 25564155 PMCID: PMC4492108 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/6/064112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic organization of chromatin plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression and in other fundamental cellular processes. The underlying physical basis of these activities lies in the sequential positioning, chemical composition, and intermolecular interactions of the nucleosomes-the familiar assemblies of ∼150 DNA base pairs and eight histone proteins-found on chromatin fibers. Here we introduce a mesoscale model of short nucleosomal arrays and a computational framework that make it possible to incorporate detailed structural features of DNA and histones in simulations of short chromatin constructs. We explore the effects of nucleosome positioning and the presence or absence of cationic N-terminal histone tails on the 'local' inter-nucleosomal interactions and the global deformations of the simulated chains. The correspondence between the predicted and observed effects of nucleosome composition and numbers on the long-range communication between the ends of designed nucleosome arrays lends credence to the model and to the molecular insights gleaned from the simulated structures. We also extract effective nucleosome-nucleosome potentials from the simulations and implement the potentials in a larger-scale computational treatment of regularly repeating chromatin fibers. Our results reveal a remarkable effect of nucleosome spacing on chromatin flexibility, with small changes in DNA linker length significantly altering the interactions of nucleosomes and the dimensions of the fiber as a whole. In addition, we find that these changes in nucleosome positioning influence the statistical properties of long chromatin constructs. That is, simulated chromatin fibers with the same number of nucleosomes exhibit polymeric behaviors ranging from Gaussian to worm-like, depending upon nucleosome spacing. These findings suggest that the physical and mechanical properties of chromatin can span a wide range of behaviors, depending on nucleosome positioning, and that care must be taken in the choice of models used to interpret the experimental properties of long chromatin fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Clauvelin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, BioMaPS Institute for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Knight AL, Barros-Parada W, Bosch D, Escudero-Colomar LA, Fuentes-Contreras E, Hernández-Sánchez J, Jung C, Kim Y, Kovanci OB, Levi A, Lo P, Molinari F, Valls J, Gemeno C. Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bull Entomol Res 2015; 105:23-31. [PMID: 25234707 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485314000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The response of Grapholita molesta (Busck) males to three-component sex pheromone blends containing a 100% ratio of the major sex pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and a 10% ratio of (Z)-8-dodecenol, but with varying ratios of (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (0.4, 5.4, 10.4, 30.4, and 100.1% E-blends) was tested with populations in eight stone and pome fruit orchards in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Traps baited with the 5.4% E-blend caught significantly more males than traps with any other blend with all populations. Significantly more males were caught in traps baited with the 10.4% E-blend than in traps with the remaining blends, except with the 0.4% E-blend in Turkey. Significant differences in male moth catches occurred between the other blends with the 0.4>30.4% E-blend, and the 30.4>100.1% E-blend. Male moth catches with the 100.1% E-blend only differed from the hexane control in Chile. No apparent differences were noted to these blends in populations collected from pome or stone fruits. Flight tunnel assays to synthetic blends with a subset of populations were similar to the field results, but the breadth of the most attractive E-blends was wider. Flight tunnel assays also demonstrated a high level of male-female cross-attraction among field-collected populations. Female gland extracts from field-collected populations did not show any significant variation in their three-component blends. The only exceptions in these assays were that long-term laboratory populations were less responsive and attractive, and produced different blend ratios of the two minor components than recently collected field populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Knight
- USDA,ARS, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA 98951,USA
| | - W Barros-Parada
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias,Universidad de Talca,Casilla 747, Talca,Chile
| | - D Bosch
- UdL-IRTA,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain
| | | | | | - J Hernández-Sánchez
- IHBI,Queensland University of Technology,60 Musk Ave/cnr. Blamey St, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059,Australia
| | | | - Y Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences,Andong National University,Andong 760-749,Republic of Korea
| | - O B Kovanci
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection,Uludag University,Gorukle Kampusu 16059 Bursa,Turkey
| | - A Levi
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences,University of Lleida,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain
| | - P Lo
- Plant and Food Research,Hawkes Bay, 4157 Havelock North,New Zealand
| | - F Molinari
- Entomology and Plant Pathology Institute,Catholic University of Sacro Cuore,Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza,Italy
| | - J Valls
- Biostatistics Unit. Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLLEIDA),Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova de Lleida (HUAV),C/ Rovira Roure 80, 25198 Lleida,Spain
| | - C Gemeno
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences,University of Lleida,Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida,Spain
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Geller T, Prakash V, Batanian J, Guzman M, Duncavage E, Gershon T, Crowther A, Wu J, Liu H, Fang F, Davis I, Tripolitsioti D, Ma M, Kumar K, Grahlert J, Egli K, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Grotzer M, Baumgartner M, Braoudaki M, Lambrou GI, Giannikou K, Millionis V, Papadodima SA, Settas N, Sfakianos G, Stefanaki K, Kattamis A, Spiliopoulou CA, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Kanavakis E, Gholamin S, Mitra S, Feroze A, Zhang M, Esparza R, Kahn S, Richard C, Achrol A, Volkmer A, Liu J, Volkmer J, Majeti R, Weissman I, Cheshier S, Bhatia K, Brown N, Teague J, Lo P, Challis J, Beshay V, Sullivan M, Mechinaud F, Hansford J, Arifin MZ, Dahlan RH, Sobana M, Saputra P, Tisell MT, Danielsson A, Caren H, Bhardwaj R, Chakravadhanula M, Hampton C, Ozals V, Georges J, Decker W, Kodibagkar V, Nguyen A, Legrain M, Gaub MP, Pencreach E, Chenard MP, Guenot D, Entz-Werle N, Kanemura Y, Ichimura K, Shofuda T, Nishikawa R, Yamasaki M, Shibui S, Arai H, Xia J, Brian A, Prins R, Pennell C, Moertel C, Olin M, Bie L, Zhang X, Liu H, Olsson M, Kling T, Nelander S, Biassoni V, Bongarzone I, Verderio P, Massimino M, Magni R, Pizzamiglio S, Ciniselli C, Taverna E, De Bortoli M, Luchini A, Liotta L, Barzano E, Spreafico F, Visse E, Sanden E, Darabi A, Siesjo P, Jackson S, Cohen K, Lin D, Burger P, Rodriguez F, Yao X, Liucheng R, Qin L, Na T, Meilin W, Zhengdong Z, Yongjun F, Pfeifer S, Nister M, de Stahl TD, Basmaci E, Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Brundler MA, Sun Y, Davies N, Wilson M, Pan X, Arvanitis T, Grundy R, Peet A, Eden C, Ju B, Phoenix T, Nimmervoll B, Tong Y, Ellison D, Lessman C, Taylor M, Gilbertson R, Folgiero V, del Bufalo F, Carai A, Cefalo MG, Citti A, Rutella S, Locatelli F, Mastronuzzi A, Maher O, Khatua S, Zaky W, Lourdusamy A, Meijer L, Layfield R, Grundy R, Jones DTW, Capper D, Sill M, Hovestadt V, Schweizer L, Lichter P, Zagzag D, Karajannis MA, Aldape KD, Korshunov A, von Deimling A, Pfister S, Chakrabarty A, Feltbower R, Sheridon E, Hassan H, Shires M, Picton S, Hatziagapiou K, Braoudaki M, Lambrou GI, Tsorteki F, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Bethanis K, Gemou-Engesaeth V, Chi SN, Bandopadhayay P, Janeway K, Pinches N, Malkin H, Kieran MW, Manley PE, Green A, Goumnerova L, Ramkissoon S, Harris MH, Ligon KL, Kahlert U, Suarez M, Maciaczyk J, Bar E, Eberhart C, Kenchappa R, Krishnan N, Forsyth P, McKenzie B, Pisklakova A, McFadden G, Kenchappa R, Forsyth P, Pan W, Rodriguez L, Glod J, Levy JM, Thompson J, Griesinger A, Amani V, Donson A, Birks D, Morgan M, Handler M, Foreman N, Thorburn A, Lulla RR, Laskowski J, Fangusaro J, DiPatri AJ, Alden T, Tomita T, Vanin EF, Goldman S, Soares MB, Remke M, Ramaswamy V, Wang X, Jorgensen F, Morrissy AS, Marra M, Packer R, Bouffet E, Pfister S, Jabado N, Taylor M, Cole B, Rudzinski E, Anderson M, Bloom K, Lee A, Leary S, Leprivier G, Remke M, Rotblat B, Agnihotri S, Kool M, Derry B, Pfister S, Taylor MD, Sorensen PH, Dobson T, Busschers E, Taylor H, Hatcher R, Fangusaro J, Lulla R, Goldman S, Rajaram V, Das C, Gopalakrishnan V. TUMOUR BIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:i137-i145. [PMCID: PMC4046298 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
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He H, Lo P, Ng DKP. Cover Picture: A Glutathione‐Activated Phthalocyanine‐Based Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy (Chem. Eur. J. 21/2014). Chemistry 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201490083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
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He H, Lo P, Ng DKP. A Glutathione‐Activated Phthalocyanine‐Based Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2014; 20:6241-5. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong (P. R. China), Fax: (+852) 2603 5057
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Ho R, Lo P, Chan C, Chen E. EPA-0752 – Spirituality in schizophrenia: do patients and healthcare professionals have similar understanding. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78100-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Wang X, Heimann T, Lo P, Sumkauskaite M, Puderbach M, de Bruijne M, Meinzer HP, Wegner I. Statistical tracking of tree-like tubular structures with efficient branching detection in 3D medical image data. Phys Med Biol 2012; 57:5325-42. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/16/5325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lo P. Homeotic Genes Autonomously Specify the Anteroposterior Subdivision of the Drosophila Dorsal Vessel into Aorta and Heart. Dev Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(02)90839-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal endotoxaemia perturbs motility and causes activation and influx of inflammatory cells into the muscle tissue. Because rat submandibular gland peptide T (SGP-T; Thr-Asp-Ile-Phe-Glu-Gly-Gly), its carboxyl-terminal fragment tripeptide, FEG (Phe-Glu-Gly) and its D-isomeric analogue, feG, modulate intestinal anaphylactic reactions, we examined whether these peptides also modulate LPS-induced intestinal endotoxaemia in conscious rats. The disruption of the fasting pattern of intestinal MMCs (migrating motor complexes), induced by intravenous LPS (20 microg kg-1) injection, was prevented by all three peptides. The extravasation of leucocytes into the peritoneal cavity and increased expression of the activation marker CD18 on mesenteric tissue leucocytes (18 h after intraperitoneal injection of LPS) were reduced by orally administered feG, which also significantly decreased the number of intestinal tissue leucocytes expressing the integrin CD18. We conclude that feG attenuates both the immediate (intestinal motility) and late ( approximately 18 h) inflammatory reactions provoked by endotoxaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mathison
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Lo P, Drake JM. Shunt malfunctions. Neurosurg Clin N Am 2001; 12:695-701, viii. [PMID: 11524290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Shunt failure remains a disheartening complication of shunt surgery. The number of adjustable factors in attempting to reduce the rate is small. The clinical presentation and timing of shunt malfunction are well documented. Although the shunt design trials have been negative to date, valves have important effects that have not as yet been translated to improved outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Han E, Phan D, Lo P, Poy MN, Behringer R, Najjar SM, Lin SH. Differences in tissue-specific and embryonic expression of mouse Ceacam1 and Ceacam2 genes. Biochem J 2001; 355:417-23. [PMID: 11284729 PMCID: PMC1221753 DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3550417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The intercellular adhesion molecule CEACAM1, also known as C-CAM1 (where CAM is cell-adhesion molecule), can function as a tumour suppressor in several carcinomas, including those of the prostate, breast, bladder and colon. This suggests that CEACAM1 may play an important role in the regulation of normal cell growth and differentiation. However, there is no direct evidence to support this putative function of CEACAM1. To elucidate its physiological function by targeted gene deletion, we isolated the Ceacam genes from a mouse 129 Sv/Ev library. Although there is only one Ceacam1 gene in humans and one in rats, two homologous genes (Ceacam1 and Ceacam2) have been identified in the mouse. Our sequence analysis revealed that the genes encoded nine exons and spanned approx. 16-17 kb (Ceacam1) and 25 kb (Ceacam2). The genes were highly similar (79.6%). The major differences in the protein-coding regions were located in exons 2, 5 and 6 (76.9%, 87.0% and 78.5% similarity respectively). In addition, introns 2, 5 and 7 were also significantly different, being 29.7%, 59.8% and 64.5% similar respectively. While most of these differences were due to nucleotide substitutions, two insertions of 418 and 5849 bp occurred in intron 2 of Ceacam2, and another two insertions of 1384 and 197 bp occurred in introns 5 and 7 respectively. To determine whether functional redundancy exists between Ceacam1 and Ceacam2, we examined their expression in 16 mouse tissues by using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. As in human and rat, in the mouse Ceacam1 mRNA was highly abundant in the liver, small intestine, prostate and spleen. In contrast, Ceacam2 mRNA was only detected in kidney, testis and, to a lesser extent, spleen. Reverse transcription-PCR using testis RNA indicated that Ceacam2 in the testis is an alternatively spliced form containing only exons 1, 2, 5, 6, 8 and 9. In the mouse embryo, Ceacam1 mRNA was detected at day 8.5, disappeared between days 9.5 and 12.5, and re-appeared at day 19. On the other hand, no Ceacam2 mRNA was detected throughout embryonic development. The different tissue expression patterns and regulation during embryonic development suggest that the CEACAM1 and CEACAM2 proteins, although highly similar, may have different functions both during mouse development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Han
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Three homeobox genes, one from Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila Hmx gene) and two from mouse (murine Hmx2 and Hmx3) were isolated and the full-length cDNAs and corresponding genomic structures were characterized. The striking homeodomain similarity encoded by these three genes to previously identified genes in sea urchin, chick and human, as well as the recently cloned murine Hmx1 gene, and the low homology to other homeobox genes indicate that the Hmx genes comprise a novel gene family. The widespread existence of Hmx genes in the animal kingdom suggests that this gene family is of ancient origin. Drosophila Hmx was mapped to the 90B5 region of Chromosome 3 and at early embryonic stages is primarily expressed in distinct areas of the neuroectoderm and subsets of neuroblasts in the developing fly brain. Later its expression continues in rostral areas of the brain in a segmented pattern, suggesting a putative role in the development of the Drosophila central nervous system. During evolution, mouse Hmx2 and Hmx3 may have retained a primary function in central nervous system development as suggested by their expression in the postmitotic cells of the neural tube, as well as in the hypothalamus, the mesencephalon, metencephalon and discrete regions in the myelencephalon during embryogenesis. Hmx1 has diverged from other Hmx members by its expression in the dorsal root, sympathetic and vagal nerve (X) ganglia. Aside from their expression in the developing nervous system, all three Hmx genes display expression in sensory organ development, and in the adult uterus. Hmx2 and Hmx3 show identical expression in the otic vesicle, whereas Hmx1 is strongly expressed in the developing eye. Transgenic mouse lines were generated to examine the DNA regulatory elements controlling Hmx2 and Hmx3. Transgenic constructs spanning more than 31 kb of genomic DNA gave reproducible expression patterns in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems, eye, ear and other tissues, yet failed to fully recapitulate the endogenous expression pattern of either Hmx2 or Hmx3, suggesting both the presence and absence of certain critical enhancers in the transgenes, or the requirement of proximal enhancers to work synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Brookdale Center for Developmental and Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), or Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, is a gammaherpesvirus implicated in all forms of Kaposi's sarcoma and certain lymphomas. HHV-8 has been extensively characterized, both biochemically and immunologically, since its first description in 1994. However, its three-dimensional (3D) structure remained heretofore undetermined largely due to difficulties in viral purification. We have used log-phase cultures of body cavity-based lymphoma 1 cells induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to obtain HHV-8 capsids for electron cryomicroscopy and computer reconstruction. The 3D structure of the HHV-8 capsids revealed a capsid shell composed of 12 pentons, 150 hexons, and 320 triplexes arranged on a T=16 icosahedral lattice. This structure is similar to those of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), which are prototypical members of alpha- and betaherpesviruses, respectively. The inner radius of the HHV-8 capsid is identical to that of the HSV-1 capsid but is smaller than that of the HCMV capsid, which is consistent with the relative sizes of the genomes they enclose. While the HHV-8 capsid exhibits many structural similarities to the HSV-1 capsid, our reconstruction shows two major differences: its hexons lack the "horn-shaped" VP26 densities bound to the HSV-1 hexon subunits, and the HHV-8 triplexes appear smaller and less elongated than those of HSV-1. These differences are in excellent agreement with our sequence comparisons of HHV-8 and HSV-1 capsid proteins. This gammaherpesvirus capsid structure complements previous structural studies on alpha- and betaherpesviruses in providing an account of structural similarities and differences among capsids representing all human herpesvirus subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wu
- Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Abstract
Resistance to the organophosphate insecticide azinphosmethyl has been previously identified in two species of leafroller (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) in New Zealand This study confirmed resistance in a third speciesCtenopseustis obliquana Populations of Epiphyas postvittana Planotortrix octo and C obliquana resistant to azinphosmethyl were not crossresistant to lufenuron A separate population of C obliquana was resistant to taufluvalinate Crossresistance between azinphosmethyl and tebufenozide occurred in P octo and C obliquana but not in E postvittana This difference in crossresistance between the three species suggests that at least two different detoxification mechanisms may be operating Therefore we cannot generalise about whether resistant populations of each species will be fully susceptible to new insecticides Lufenuron is recommended as a key insecticide within a resistance management programme for leafrollers while tebufenozide should be used with caution
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Abstract
Leafroller (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) larvae damage grape bunches directly by feeding on the flowers berries and stalks Damaged berries can become infected by fungi such as Botrytis cinerea that cause diseases leading to further indirect yield losses In a field trial Chardonnay bunches were infested with lightbrown apple moth Epiphyas postvittana larvae at monthly intervals from December to March The greatest losses (12 of the fresh weight at harvest) occurred in bunches infested in December and March In December the main cause of loss of berries was direct feeding damage whereas by March indirect losses to disease outweighed those directly due to larvae Leafroller infestations up to January did not increase disease in bunches above the background level of infection In Hawkes Bay leafrollers have the greatest effect on yields from February onwards when infestation of vines increases greatly and berries become more susceptible to diseases
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Ku PK, Tong MC, Lo P, van Hasselt CA. Efficacy of ondansetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after outpatient ear surgery under local anesthesia. Am J Otol 2000; 21:24-7. [PMID: 10651430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of intravenous ondansetron (4 mg) for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery under local anesthesia. SETTING The study was conducted by Division of Otorhinolaryngology in Prince of Wales Hospital, which is a tertiary referral center and teaching hospital for The Chinese University of Hong Kong. STUDY DESIGN A double-blind randomized controlled trial. PATIENTS Fifty-eight Chinese patients undergoing tympanoplasty under local anesthesia from July 1995 to June 1997 were recruited. The mean age of patients was 42.8 years (range 18-71 years). INTERVENTION Patients were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of intravenous ondansetron (4 mg) (n = 29) or placebo (n = 29) immediately before surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patients were assessed for severity and frequency of postoperative nausea and vomiting at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, and 24th hours after middle ear surgery. RESULTS Female patients showed a higher prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Twenty-eight percent of the patients experienced postoperative nausea, of whom 14% also experienced vomiting. Although the ondansetron group demonstrated a lower prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (24% nausea and 10% vomiting) than the placebo group (31% nausea and 17% vomiting), significant reduction in postoperative vomiting only occurred in the first postoperative hour (p = 0.038). No complications or adverse side effects were found to be associated with the use of ondansetron. CONCLUSIONS Single-dose ondansetron (4 mg) given intravenously preoperatively significantly reduces postoperative vomiting in patients after tympanoplasty under local anesthesia and causes no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Ku
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
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Makarovskiy AN, Pu YS, Lo P, Earley K, Paglia M, Hixson DC, Lin SH. Expression and androgen regulation of C-CAM cell adhesion molecule isoforms in rat dorsal and ventral prostate. Oncogene 1999; 18:3252-60. [PMID: 10359531 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C-CAM is an epithelial cell adhesion molecule with two major splice variants that differ in the length of the cytoplasmic domain. C-CAM1 (long (L)-form) strongly suppresses the tumorigenicity of human prostate carcinoma cells. In contrast, C-CAM2 (short (S)-form) does not exhibit tumor-suppressive activity. In the present study we have investigated the functional significance of L-form and S-form C-CAM in rat prostate by examining their expression and distribution in different prostate lobes and their response to androgen deprivation. RNase protection assays with a probe for both C-CAM isoforms detected high levels of C-CAM messages in the rat dorso-lateral prostate (DLP). L- and S-form proteins, localized by indirect immunofluorescence using isoform-specific antipeptide antibodies, were co-expressed on the apical surface of prostate epithelial cells in normal DLP. Androgen depletion did not significantly change the steady state levels of C-CAM message and protein expression in the DLP, although there was a change in the pattern of protein expression in these lobes. In contrast, C-CAM isoform messages and proteins were undetectable in normal ventral prostate (VP) but increased markedly in this lobe in response to castration, producing isoform ratios similar to those in DLP. These results demonstrate that coordinate expression of C-CAM isoforms is maintained in the VP following androgen depletion and suggest that androgen suppresses C-CAM expression in VP but not in DLP. These results suggest that balanced expression of L- and S-form C-CAM is important for normal prostate growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Makarovskiy
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Mathison R, Lo P, Moore G, Scott B, Davison JS. Attenuation of intestinal and cardiovascular anaphylaxis by the salivary gland tripeptide FEG and its D-isomeric analog feG. Peptides 1998; 19:1037-42. [PMID: 9700752 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the submandibular gland peptide-T (SGP-T; Thr-Asp-Ile-Phe-Gly-Gly; TDIFEGG), its carboxy-terminal fragment (the tripeptide FEG; Phe-Glu-Gly), and the D-isomeric analog (feG) on intestinal and cardiovascular anaphylactic reactions were studied. The tripeptides, FEG and feG, when administered intravenously or orally to egg albumin-sensitized Hooded Lister or Sprague-Dawley rats 30 min prior to challenge with the antigen, totally prevented the disruption of intestinal motility and the development of anaphylaxis provoked diarrhea and inhibited anaphylactic hypotension by 66%. Submandibular gland peptides participate in the regulation of systemic inflammatory reactions, and the D-amino acid tripeptide, feG, is a potent, orally active anti-anaphylactic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mathison
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Westin P, Lo P, Marin M, Fernandez A, Sarkiss M, Tu S, Brisbay S, Voneschenbach A, McDonnell T. bcl-2 expression confers androgen independence in androgen sensitive prostatic carcinoma. Int J Oncol 1997; 10:113-8. [PMID: 21533353 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.10.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the bcl-2 proto-oncogene is associated with the progression of prostate cancer to androgen-independence. Dunning R3327G (DG) cells were engineered to express high levels of bcl-2 protein. The parental DG (DG-P) cell line and bcl-2 transfectant (DG-B) clones were grown as subcutaneous tumor explants in male athymic nude mice. The rate of tumor growth after castration was significantly lower in DG-P tumors but was unaffected in DG-B tumors. The proliferative indices (PI) in DG-P and DG-B tumors were similar, however, apoptotic indices (ApI) were significantly lower in DG-B tumors before castration. Following castration the PI and ApI decreased significantly in DG-P but not DG-B tumors. Bax upregulation was not observed in the DG-P or DG-B tumors, but did occur in the ventral prostate, after castration. These findings support a role for bcl-2 expression in conferring androgen-independent growth during prostate cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Westin
- UNIV TEXAS, MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR, DEPT MOL PATHOL, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. UNIV TEXAS, MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR, DEPT MED ONCOL, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA. UNIV TEXAS, MD ANDERSON CANCER CTR, DEPT UROL, HOUSTON, TX 77030 USA
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Abstract
Bcl-2 was first identified as a novel transcript associated with the t(14;18) chromosomal breakpoint which occurs in most follicular lymphomas. The deregulated expression of bcl-2 was found to contribute to multistep neoplasia through the suppression of cell death, or apoptosis, in transgenic mouse models. Bcl-2 was subsequently shown to be normally expressed in a variety of tissues and to significantly inhibit the induction of apoptosis in many experimental systems. Bcl-2 is now known to be structurally similar to other proteins, in particular within the domains referred to as BH1 and BH2. This multigene family of cell death regulators includes members which enhance rates of apoptosis, including bcl-xs and bax, and those which inhibit apoptosis, including MCL-1 and bcl-xL. Members of the bcl-2 family physically interact with other proteins, including other family members and these interactions appear to modulate their function. The mechanism(s) by which bcl-2 family members regulate cell death remain in large part unknown, although recent evidence suggests that bcl-2 may interfere with cellular signalling events involved in apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J McDonnell
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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50
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Kitagawa Y, Wong F, Lo P, Elliott M, Verburgt LM, Hogg JC, Daya M. Overexpression of Bcl-2 and mutations in p53 and K-ras in resected human non-small cell lung cancers. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1996; 15:45-54. [PMID: 8679221 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.15.1.8679221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated expression of Bcl-2, mutations in p53, and K-ras oncogene in 51 resected human non-small cell lung cancers. The studies were designed to test for the possibility of cooperativity between these oncogenes and p53 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. An inverse relationship was found between expression of Bcl-2 and mutant p53 by immunohistochemistry (P < 0.01; Fisher exact test), suggesting that either Bcl-2 overexpression or mutations in p53 may fulfill a critical function in the pathogenesis of human non-small cell lung cancers. Tumors that harbored K-ras codon 12 mutations seldom had p53 mutations or overexpressed Bcl-2. Statistical analysis of these data showed that mutations in p53 and K-ras or overexpression of Bcl-2 and mutations in K-ras occurred at a frequency that could be explained only by chance [P > 0.1 in each case (Fisher exact tests)]. This suggests that cooperativity between mutant K-ras and mutant p53 or mutant K-ras and overexpressed Bcl-2 is not a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of human non-small cell lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kitagawa
- University of British Columbia, Pulmonary Research Laboratory, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
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