1
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Vangay P, Ward T, Lucas S, Beura LK, Sabas D, Abramson M, Till L, Hoops SL, Kashyap P, Hunter RC, Masopust D, Knights D. Industrialized human gut microbiota increases CD8+ T cells and mucus thickness in humanized mouse gut. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2266627. [PMID: 37853762 PMCID: PMC10588527 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2266627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immigration to a highly industrialized nation has been associated with metabolic disease and simultaneous shifts in microbiota composition, but the underlying mechanisms are challenging to test in human studies. Here, we conducted a pilot study to assess the differential effects of human gut microbiota collected from the United States (US) and rural Thailand on the murine gut mucosa and immune system. Colonization of germ-free mice with microbiota from US individuals resulted in an increased accumulation of innate-like CD8 T cells in the small intestine lamina propria and intra-epithelial compartments when compared to colonization with microbiota from Thai individuals. Both TCRγδ and CD8αα T cells showed a marked increase in mice receiving Western microbiota and, interestingly, this phenotype was also associated with an increase in intestinal mucus thickness. Serendipitously, an accidentally infected group of mice corroborated this association between elevated inflammatory response and increased mucus thickness. These results suggest that Western-associated human gut microbes contribute to a pro-inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pajau Vangay
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tonya Ward
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Sarah Lucas
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Lalit K. Beura
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dominique Sabas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Max Abramson
- Department of Neuroscience, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Till
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Susan L. Hoops
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ryan C. Hunter
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Dan Knights
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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2
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Aalam SMM, Crasta DN, Roy P, Miller AL, Gamb SI, Johnson S, Till LM, Chen J, Kashyap P, Kannan N. Genesis of fecal floatation is causally linked to gut microbial colonization in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18109. [PMID: 36302811 PMCID: PMC9613883 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of fecal floatation phenomenon remains poorly understood. Following our serendipitous discovery of differences in buoyancy of feces from germ-free and conventional mice, we characterized microbial and physical properties of feces from germ-free and gut-colonized (conventional and conventionalized) mice. The gut-colonization associated differences were assessed in feces using DNA, bacterial-PCR, scanning electron microscopy, FACS, thermogravimetry and pycnometry. Based on the differences in buoyancy of feces, we developed levô in fimo test (LIFT) to distinguish sinking feces (sinkers) of germ-free mice from floating feces (floaters) of gut-colonized mice. By simultaneous tracking of microbiota densities and gut colonization kinetics in fecal transplanted mice, we provide first direct evidence of causal relationship between gut microbial colonization and fecal floatation. Rare discordance in LIFT and microbiota density indicated that enrichment of gasogenic gut colonizers may be necessary for fecal floatation. Finally, fecal metagenomics analysis of 'floaters' from conventional and syngeneic fecal transplanted mice identified colonization of > 10 gasogenic bacterial species including highly prevalent B. ovatus, an anaerobic commensal bacteria linked with flatulence and intestinal bowel diseases. The findings reported here will improve our understanding of food microbial biotransformation and gut microbial regulators of fecal floatation in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohammed Musheer Aalam
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Daphne Norma Crasta
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Pooja Roy
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - A. Lee Miller
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Scott I. Gamb
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMicroscopy and Cell Analysis Core, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stephen Johnson
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Lisa M. Till
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Jun Chen
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDepartment of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XDivision of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XCenter for Regenerative Biotherapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA ,grid.66875.3a0000 0004 0459 167XMayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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3
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Xiao Y, Louwies T, Smith‐Edwards K, Beyder A, Linden D, Farrugia G, Kashyap P. Bacteria‐Derived Hypoxanthine Accelerates Gastrointestinal Transit. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Tijs Louwies
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | | | - Arthur Beyder
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - David Linden
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | | | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
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Edwinson AL, Yang L, Peters S, Hanning N, Jeraldo P, Jagtap P, Simpson JB, Yang TY, Kumar P, Mehta S, Nair A, Breen-Lyles M, Chikkamenahalli L, Graham RP, De Winter B, Patel R, Dasari S, Kashyap P, Griffin T, Chen J, Farrugia G, Redinbo MR, Grover M. Gut microbial β-glucuronidases regulate host luminal proteases and are depleted in irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:680-694. [PMID: 35484230 PMCID: PMC9081267 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal proteases mediate digestion and immune signaling, while increased gut proteolytic activity disrupts the intestinal barrier and generates visceral hypersensitivity, which in common in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the mechanisms controlling protease function are unclear. Here we show that members of the gut microbiota suppress intestinal proteolytic activity through production of unconjugated bilirubin. This occurs via microbial β-glucuronidase-mediated conversion of bilirubin conjugates. Metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from patients with post-infection IBS (n=52) revealed an altered gut microbiota composition, in particular a reduction in Alistipes taxa, and high gut proteolytic activity driven by specific host serine proteases compared to controls. Germ-free mice showed 10-fold higher proteolytic activity compared with conventional mice. Colonization with microbiota from high proteolytic activity IBS patients failed to suppress proteolytic activity in germ-free mice, but suppression of proteolytic activity was achieved with colonization using microbiota from healthy donors. High proteolytic activity mice had higher intestinal permeability, a higher relative abundance of Bacteroides and a reduction in Alistipes taxa compared with low proteolytic activity mice. High proteolytic activity IBS patients had lower fecal β-glucuronidase activity and end-products of bilirubin deconjugation. Mice treated with unconjugated bilirubin and β-glucuronidase overexpressing E. coli, which significantly reduced proteolytic activity, while inhibitors of microbial β-glucuronidases increased proteolytic activity. Together, these data define a disease-relevant mechanism of host-microbial interaction that maintains protease homeostasis in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Edwinson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephanie Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nikita Hanning
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med, research center of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Pratik Jagtap
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Subina Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Asha Nair
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Rondell P Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Benedicte De Winter
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and Infla-Med, research center of excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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5
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Pruss KM, Enam F, Battaglioli E, DeFeo M, Diaz OR, Higginbottom SK, Fischer CR, Hryckowian AJ, Van Treuren W, Dodd D, Kashyap P, Sonnenburg JL. Oxidative ornithine metabolism supports non-inflammatory C. difficile colonization. Nat Metab 2022; 4:19-28. [PMID: 34992297 PMCID: PMC8803604 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The enteric pathogen Clostridioides difficile (Cd) is responsible for a toxin-mediated infection that causes more than 200,000 recorded hospitalizations and 13,000 deaths in the United States every year1. However, Cd can colonize the gut in the absence of disease symptoms. Prevalence of asymptomatic colonization by toxigenic Cd in healthy populations is high; asymptomatic carriers are at increased risk of infection compared to noncolonized individuals and may be a reservoir for transmission of Cd infection2,3. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which Cd persists in the absence of disease is necessary for understanding pathogenesis and developing refined therapeutic strategies. Here, we show with gut microbiome metatranscriptomic analysis that mice recalcitrant to Cd infection and inflammation exhibit increased community-wide expression of arginine and ornithine metabolic pathways. To query Cd metabolism specifically, we leverage RNA sequencing in gnotobiotic mice infected with two wild-type strains (630 and R20291) and isogenic toxin-deficient mutants of these strains to differentiate inflammation-dependent versus -independent transcriptional states. A single operon encoding oxidative ornithine degradation is consistently upregulated across non-toxigenic Cd strains. Combining untargeted and targeted metabolomics with bacterial and host genetics, we demonstrate that both diet- and host-derived sources of ornithine provide a competitive advantage to Cd, suggesting a mechanism for Cd persistence within a non-inflammatory, healthy gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kali M Pruss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Enam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric Battaglioli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Mary DeFeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oscar R Diaz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Steven K Higginbottom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Curt R Fischer
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Octant Bio, Emeryville, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Hryckowian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - William Van Treuren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dylan Dodd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Justin L Sonnenburg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Kannan N, Aalam SMM, Tang X, Kalari K, Kashyap P, Chen J, Johnson S, Sadanandam A, Sherman M. Abstract LB226: Maternal microbiome protects host against clonal de novo transformation, early onset systemic metastasis, and sudden death. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-lb226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The role of maternal microbiome transmitted at birth in cancer control is poorly understood. We have developed the first germfree B6 mouse model of breast cancer to investigate the role of the maternal microbiome in controlling oncogenic/metastatic frequencies of pro-oncogenic mammary cells. In this model, a DNA barcoded, primitive normal mouse mammary epithelial cell encoding MMTV-PyMT oncogene, was transplanted in large numbers into conventional or germfree B6 mice. Next-gen sequencing analysis of the DNA barcodes in tissues enabled us to clonally track millions of cells and measure the frequency and growth dynamics of clones at the primary site and their systemic distribution in circulation and all vital organs, generating an unprecedented high-definition map of cancer progression. Our results show that in conventional B6 mice with maternal microbial transmission at-birth, a small fraction (~0.01%) of transplanted cells transform de novo and produce slow growing, late-onset benign tumors (mouse median survival of > 1 year). In contrast, in germfree B6 mice, a >10-fold higher frequency of cells transform de novo and generate early-onset, highly aggressive metastatic clones, and are frequently associated with features leading to early euthanasia or endpoint (i.e. sudden death, intracardiac metastasis, paralysis, swollen abdomen, early multiorgan aggressive metastasis) (median survival of ~4 months; p<0.005 vs conventional mice). However, postnatal intervention with healthy fecal implants reconstituted gut microbiota in germfree B6 mice and significantly restored protective effects against cancer progression and sudden death, as well as improved quality/duration of life (median survival of >1 year; p<0.005 vs germfree mice; p=ns vs conventional mice). We found maternal microbial transmission fully protected against systemic metastasis. GC-MS analysis identified significantly distinct primary tumor metabolome associated with conventional (non-metastatic) mice vs germfree (metastatic) mice. Metagenomic analysis of fecal samples from a subset of tumor bearing conventional (non-metastatic) mice vs fecal implanted (late-onset, less aggressive metastatic) germfree mice identified significant association between metastasis and altered microbial communities. These findings using novel germfree mouse model of metastasis and cellular DNA barcoding technology provide first direct evidence that diverse microbial communities transmitted at birth play a critical role in protecting the host from clonal de novo mammary cell transformation and progression to systemic disease and thereby improving quality and duration of life.
Citation Format: Nagarajan Kannan, Syed Mohammed Musheer Aalam, Xiaojia Tang, Krishna Kalari, Purna Kashyap, Jun Chen, Stephen Johnson, Anguraj Sadanandam, Mark Sherman. Maternal microbiome protects host against clonal de novo transformation, early onset systemic metastasis, and sudden death [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB226.
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Wolf PG, Devendran S, Doden HL, Ly LK, Moore T, Takei H, Nittono H, Murai T, Kurosawa T, Chlipala GE, Green SJ, Kakiyama G, Kashyap P, McCracken VJ, Gaskins HR, Gillevet PM, Ridlon JM. Berberine alters gut microbial function through modulation of bile acids. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:24. [PMID: 33430766 PMCID: PMC7798349 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR) is a plant-based nutraceutical that has been used for millennia to treat diarrheal infections and in contemporary medicine to improve patient lipid profiles. Reduction in lipids, particularly cholesterol, is achieved partly through up-regulation of bile acid synthesis and excretion into the gastrointestinal tract (GI). The efficacy of BBR is also thought to be dependent on structural and functional alterations of the gut microbiome. However, knowledge of the effects of BBR on gut microbiome communities is currently lacking. Distinguishing indirect effects of BBR on bacteria through altered bile acid profiles is particularly important in understanding how dietary nutraceuticals alter the microbiome. RESULTS Germfree mice were colonized with a defined minimal gut bacterial consortium capable of functional bile acid metabolism (Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides uniformis, Parabacteroides distasonis, Bilophila wadsworthia, Clostridium hylemonae, Clostridium hiranonis, Blautia producta; B4PC2). Multi-omics (bile acid metabolomics, 16S rDNA sequencing, cecal metatranscriptomics) were performed in order to provide a simple in vivo model from which to identify network-based correlations between bile acids and bacterial transcripts in the presence and absence of dietary BBR. Significant alterations in network topology and connectivity in function were observed, despite similarity in gut microbial alpha diversity (P = 0.30) and beta-diversity (P = 0.123) between control and BBR treatment. BBR increased cecal bile acid concentrations, (P < 0.05), most notably deoxycholic acid (DCA) (P < 0.001). Overall, analysis of transcriptomes and correlation networks indicates both bacterial species-specific responses to BBR, as well as functional commonalities among species, such as up-regulation of Na+/H+ antiporter, cell wall synthesis/repair, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Bile acid concentrations in the GI tract increased significantly during BBR treatment and developed extensive correlation networks with expressed genes in the B4PC2 community. CONCLUSIONS This work has important implications for interpreting the effects of BBR on structure and function of the complex gut microbiome, which may lead to targeted pharmaceutical interventions aimed to achieve the positive physiological effects previously observed with BBR supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Wolf
- Institute for Health Research and Policy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Cancer Education and Career Development Program, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelburg, Germany
| | - Heidi L Doden
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey K Ly
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tyler Moore
- Center for Microbiome Analysis, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nittono
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, 152-0011, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Takao Kurosawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - George E Chlipala
- University of Illinois Chicago Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- University of Illinois Chicago Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vance J McCracken
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - H Rex Gaskins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patrick M Gillevet
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelburg, Germany
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L. Su
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml; and Gastroenterology Section, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cynthia W. Ko
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA
| | - Premysl Bercik
- Division of Gastroenterology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca L. Morgan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam V. Weizman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Geoffrey A. Preidis
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX
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9
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Ridlon JM, Devendran S, Alves JM, Doden H, Wolf PG, Pereira GV, Ly L, Volland A, Takei H, Nittono H, Murai T, Kurosawa T, Chlipala GE, Green SJ, Hernandez AG, Fields CJ, Wright CL, Kakiyama G, Cann I, Kashyap P, McCracken V, Gaskins HR. The ' in vivo lifestyle' of bile acid 7α-dehydroxylating bacteria: comparative genomics, metatranscriptomic, and bile acid metabolomics analysis of a defined microbial community in gnotobiotic mice. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:381-404. [PMID: 31177942 PMCID: PMC7524365 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1618173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of secondary bile acids by gut microbes is a current topic of considerable biomedical interest. However, a detailed understanding of the biology of anaerobic bacteria in the genus Clostridium that are capable of generating secondary bile acids is lacking. We therefore sought to determine the transcriptional responses of two prominent secondary bile acid producing bacteria, Clostridium hylemonae and Clostridium hiranonis to bile salts (in vitro) and the cecal environment of gnotobiotic mice. The genomes of C. hylemonae DSM 15053 and C. hiranonis DSM 13275 were closed, and found to encode 3,647 genes (3,584 protein-coding) and 2,363 predicted genes (of which 2,239 are protein-coding), respectively, and 1,035 orthologs were shared between C. hylemonae and C. hiranonis. RNA-Seq analysis was performed in growth medium alone, and in the presence of cholic acid (CA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA). Growth with CA resulted in differential expression (>0.58 log2FC; FDR < 0.05) of 197 genes in C. hiranonis and 118 genes in C. hylemonae. The bile acid-inducible operons (bai) from each organism were highly upregulated in the presence of CA but not DCA. We then colonized germ-free mice with human gut bacterial isolates capable of metabolizing taurine-conjugated bile acids. This consortium included bile salt hydrolase-expressing Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492, Bacteroides vulgatus ATCC 8482, Parabacteroides distasonis DSM 20701, as well as taurine-respiring Bilophila wadsworthia DSM 11045, and deoxycholic/lithocholic acid generating Clostridium hylemonae DSM 15053 and Clostridium hiranonis DSM 13275. Butyrate and iso-bile acid-forming Blautia producta ATCC 27340 was also included. The Bacteroidetes made up 84.71% of 16S rDNA cecal reads, B. wadsworthia, constituted 14.7%, and the clostridia made up <.75% of 16S rDNA cecal reads. Bile acid metabolomics of the cecum, serum, and liver indicate that the synthetic community were capable of functional bile salt deconjugation, oxidation/isomerization, and 7α-dehydroxylation of bile acids. Cecal metatranscriptome analysis revealed expression of genes involved in metabolism of taurine-conjugated bile acids. The in vivo transcriptomes of C. hylemonae and C. hiranonis suggest fermentation of simple sugars and utilization of amino acids glycine and proline as electron acceptors. Genes predicted to be involved in trimethylamine (TMA) formation were also expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Ridlon
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,CONTACT Jason M. Ridlon, Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - João Mp Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heidi Doden
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patricia G. Wolf
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gabriel V. Pereira
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lindsey Ly
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alyssa Volland
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Murai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takao Kurosawa
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - George E. Chlipala
- UIC Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stefan J. Green
- UIC Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Christopher J. Fields
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Christy L. Wright
- Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Isaac Cann
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Keck Center for Biotechnology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vance McCracken
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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10
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Edogawa S, Edwinson AL, Peters SA, Chikkamenahalli LL, Sundt WJ, Graves S, Gurunathan SV, Breen-Lyles MK, Johnson S, Dyer RB, Graham RP, Chen J, Kashyap P, Farrugia G, Grover M. Serine proteases as luminal mediators of intestinal barrier dysfunction and symptom severity in IBS. Gut 2020; 69:62-73. [PMID: 30923071 PMCID: PMC6765451 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The intestinal lumen contains several proteases. Our aim was to determine the role of faecal proteases in mediating barrier dysfunction and symptoms in IBS. DESIGN 39 patients with IBS and 25 healthy volunteers completed questionnaires, assessments of in vivo permeability, ex vivo colonic barrier function in Ussing chambers, tight junction (TJ) proteins, ultrastructural morphology and 16 s sequencing of faecal microbiota rRNA. A casein-based assay was used to measure proteolytic activity (PA) in faecal supernatants (FSNs). Colonic barrier function was determined in mice (ex-germ free) humanised with microbial communities associated with different human PA states. RESULTS Patients with IBS had higher faecal PA than healthy volunteers. 8/20 postinfection IBS (PI-IBS) and 3/19 constipation- predominant IBS had high PA (>95th percentile). High-PA patients had more and looser bowel movements, greater symptom severity and higher in vivo and ex vivo colonic permeability. High-PA FSNs increased paracellular permeability, decreased occludin and increased phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) expression. Serine but not cysteine protease inhibitor significantly blocked high-PA FSN effects on barrier. The effects on barrier were diminished by pharmacological or siRNA inhibition of protease activated receptor-2 (PAR-2). Patients with high-PA IBS had lower occludin expression, wider TJs on biopsies and reduced microbial diversity than patients with low PA. Mice humanised with high-PA IBS microbiota had greater in vivo permeability than those with low-PA microbiota. CONCLUSION A subset of patients with IBS, especially in PI-IBS, has substantially high faecal PA, greater symptoms, impaired barrier and reduced microbial diversity. Commensal microbiota affects luminal PA that can influence host barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Edogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adam L Edwinson
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephanie A Peters
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Wendy J Sundt
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara Graves
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen Johnson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roy B Dyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rondell P. Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics and Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Correspondence: Madhusudan Grover, MD, Assistant Professor of Medicine and Physiology, Enteric NeuroScience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA, Tel: 507-284-2478, Fax: 507-266-0350,
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11
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Kashyap P, Pegu AK, Paul D. Study of Lipid Abnormalities in Non Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Special Reference to Hemodialysis. J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:77. [PMID: 31979753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A K Pegu
- Assam Medical College and Hospital
| | - D Paul
- Assam Medical College and Hospital
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12
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13
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Kashyap P, Jha A. Impact of acute myocardial infarction and cardiac failure on brain dysfunction: A literature review. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Mendes-Soares H, Raveh-Sadka T, Azulay S, Ben-Shlomo Y, Cohen Y, Ofek T, Stevens J, Bachrach D, Kashyap P, Segal L, Nelson H. Model of personalized postprandial glycemic response to food developed for an Israeli cohort predicts responses in Midwestern American individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:63-75. [PMID: 31095300 PMCID: PMC6599737 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controlled glycemic concentrations are associated with a lower risk of conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Models commonly used to guide interventions to control the glycemic response to food have low efficacy, with recent clinical guidelines arguing for the use of personalized approaches. OBJECTIVE We tested the efficacy of a predictive model of personalized postprandial glycemic response to foods that was developed with an Israeli cohort and that takes into consideration food components and specific features, including the microbiome, when applied to individuals from the Midwestern US. DESIGN We recruited 327 individuals for this study. Participants provided information regarding lifestyle, dietary habits, and health, as well as a stool sample for characterization of their gut microbiome. Participants were connected to continuous glucose monitors for 6 d, and the glycemic response to meals logged during this time was computed. The ability of a model trained using meals logged by the Israeli cohort to correctly predict glycemic responses in the Midwestern cohort was assessed and compared with that of a model trained using meals logged by both cohorts. RESULTS When trained on the Israeli cohort meals only, model performance for predicting responses of individuals in the Midwestern cohort was better (R = 0.596) than that observed for models taking into consideration the carbohydrate (R = 0.395) or calorie content of the meals alone (R = 0.336). Performance increased (R = 0.618) when the model was trained on meals from both cohorts, likely because of the observed differences in age distribution, diet, and microbiome. CONCLUSIONS We show that the modeling framework described in Zeevi et al. for an Israeli cohort is applicable to a Midwestern population, and outperforms commonly used approaches for the control of blood glucose responses. The adaptation of the model to the Midwestern cohort further enhances performance and is a promising means for designing effective nutritional interventions to control glycemic responses to foods. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02945514.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mendes-Soares
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Purna Kashyap
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Heidi Nelson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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15
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Kashyap P, Ng C, Wang Z, Li B, Arif Pavel M, Martin H, Yu Y. Corrigendum to "A PKD1L3 splice variant in taste buds is not cleaved at the G protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site" [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 512 (2019) 812-818]. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:565. [PMID: 31056259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Kashyap
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - C Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - B Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - M Arif Pavel
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - H Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Y Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York, 11439, USA.
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16
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Mailing LJ, Allen JM, Wang SS, Kashyap P, White BA, Woods JA. Effects of Transplanting an Exercised or Sedentary Microbiota into Gnotobiotic Mice on Global Gene Expression in Gut, Muscle, and Brain Tissue. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.lb293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy J. Mailing
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChamaignChampaignIL
| | - Jacob M. Allen
- Center for Microbial PathogenesisNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH
| | - Selena S. Wang
- Interdisciplinary Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChamaignUrbanaIL
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Bryan A. White
- Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChamaignUrbanaIL
| | - Jeffrey A. Woods
- Interdisciplinary Health SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChamaignUrbanaIL
- Division of Nutritional SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChamaignUrbanaIL
- Kinesiology and Community HealthUniversity of Illinois at Urbana ChamaignUrbanaIL
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17
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Mendes-Soares H, Raveh-Sadka T, Azulay S, Edens K, Ben-Shlomo Y, Cohen Y, Ofek T, Bachrach D, Stevens J, Colibaseanu D, Segal L, Kashyap P, Nelson H. Assessment of a Personalized Approach to Predicting Postprandial Glycemic Responses to Food Among Individuals Without Diabetes. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e188102. [PMID: 30735238 PMCID: PMC6484621 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.8102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Emerging evidence suggests that postprandial glycemic responses (PPGRs) to food may be influenced by and predicted according to characteristics unique to each individual, including anthropometric and microbiome variables. Interindividual diversity in PPGRs to food requires a personalized approach for the maintenance of healthy glycemic levels. OBJECTIVES To describe and predict the glycemic responses of individuals to a diverse array of foods using a model that considers the physiology and microbiome of the individual in addition to the characteristics of the foods consumed. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study using a personalized predictive model enrolled 327 individuals without diabetes from October 11, 2016, to December 13, 2017, in Minnesota and Florida to be part of a study lasting 6 days. The study measured anthropometric variables, described the gut microbial composition, and assessed blood glucose levels every 5 minutes using a continuous glucose monitor. Participants logged their food and activity information for the duration of the study. A predictive model of individualized PPGRs to a diverse array of foods was trained and applied. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Glycemic responses to food consumed over 6 days for each participant. The predictive model of personalized PPGRs considered individual features, including the microbiome, in addition to the features of the foods consumed. RESULTS Postprandial response to the same foods varied across 327 individuals (mean [SD] age, 45 [12] years; 78.0% female). A model predicting each individual's responses to food that considers several individual factors in addition to food features had better overall performance (R = 0.62) than current standard-of-care approaches using nutritional content alone (R = 0.34 for calories and R = 0.40 for carbohydrates) to control postprandial glycemic levels. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Across the cohort of adults without diabetes who were examined, a personalized predictive model that considers unique features of the individual, such as clinical characteristics, physiological variables, and the microbiome, in addition to nutrient content was more predictive than current dietary approaches that focus only on the calorie or carbohydrate content of foods. Providing individuals with tools to manage their glycemic responses to food based on personalized predictions of their PPGRs may allow them to maintain their blood glucose levels within limits associated with good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mendes-Soares
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Kim Edens
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Purna Kashyap
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Heidi Nelson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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18
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Abstract
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) which causes liver disease is recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) through the viral nucleic acid, initiating the host defense response. The study aims to analyze the role of TLR4 rs11536889 polymorphism in the pathogenesis of hepatitis A cases from Assam. There was significant correlation between TLR4 SNP G/C (rs11536889) and between acute viral hepatitis (AVH) A cases and controls. The correlation of the 3 different genotypes GG, GC and CC of TLR4 rs11536889 with the TLR4 mRNA expression level in all the HAV cases groups have been found to be statistically significant (p <0.001). TLR4 expression was most significantly upregulated in the acute HAV cases, HAV with cholestasis cases and even the HAV caused fulminant hepatitis failure (FHF) cases with the CC genotype of TLR4 rs11536889. The upregulation is mostly seen in the cases with the CC genotype of TLR4 rs11536889 and thus indicates that the mutant variant of TLR4 rs11536899 (CC) may have an effect on the expression of TLR4 at the transcription level. Our study did not show any significant association between AVH and HAV caused FHF (p = 0.32, OR = 0; p = 0.59, OR = 2.06 at 95% CI) among the genotypes GG, GC and CC. Our data suggest that TLR4 gene polymorphism rs11536889 may play a prominent role in HAV disease susceptibility and TLR4 expression in population from Assam.
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Allen JM, Mailing LJ, Cohrs J, Salmonson C, Fryer JD, Nehra V, Hale VL, Kashyap P, White BA, Woods JA. Exercise training-induced modification of the gut microbiota persists after microbiota colonization and attenuates the response to chemically-induced colitis in gnotobiotic mice. Gut Microbes 2017; 9:115-130. [PMID: 28862530 PMCID: PMC5989796 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2017.1372077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise reduces the risk of inflammatory disease by modulating a variety of tissue and cell types, including those within the gastrointestinal tract. Recent data indicates that exercise can also alter the gut microbiota, but little is known as to whether these changes affect host function. Here, we use a germ-free (GF) animal model to test whether exercise-induced modifications in the gut microbiota can directly affect host responses to microbiota colonization and chemically-induced colitis. Donor mice (n = 19) received access to a running wheel (n = 10) or remained without access (n = 9) for a period of six weeks. After euthanasia, cecal contents were pooled by activity treatment and transplanted into two separate cohorts of GF mice. Two experiments were then conducted. First, mice were euthanized five weeks after the microbiota transplant and tissues were collected for analysis. A second cohort of GF mice were colonized by donor microbiotas for four weeks before dextran-sodium-sulfate was administered to induce acute colitis, after which mice were euthanized for tissue analysis. We observed that microbial transplants from donor (exercised or control) mice led to differences in microbiota β-diversity, metabolite profiles, colon inflammation, and body mass in recipient mice five weeks after colonization. We also demonstrate that colonization of mice with a gut microbiota from exercise-trained mice led to an attenuated response to chemical colitis, evidenced by reduced colon shortening, attenuated mucus depletion and augmented expression of cytokines involved in tissue regeneration. Exercise-induced modifications in the gut microbiota can mediate host-microbial interactions with potentially beneficial outcomes for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Allen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - L. J. Mailing
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J. Cohrs
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - C. Salmonson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J. D. Fryer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - V. Nehra
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - V. L. Hale
- Department of Veterinary Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - P. Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - B. A. White
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - J. A. Woods
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA,CONTACT J. A. Woods, PhD , 906 S. Goodwin Ave., 348 Louise Freer Hall, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana IL 61801
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20
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Arya LA, Richter HE, Jelovsek E, Gantz M, Cichowski S, Zyczynski H, Dyer K, Siddiqui N, Carberry C, Broeckling C, Morrow C, Kashyap P, Meikle S. Metabolites and microbial composition of stool of women with fecal incontinence: Study design and methods. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 37:634-641. [PMID: 28763566 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This paper aims to report the rationale, design, and the specific methodology of an ongoing nested observational study that will determine the association of the metabolite and microbial composition of stool with fecal incontinence (FI). METHODS Eligible cases are participants with FI enrolled in the Controlling Anal Incontinence in women by Performing Anal Exercises with Biofeedback or Loperamide (CAPABLe) trial, a Pelvic Floor Disorders Network trial across eight clinical centers in the United States. Women of similar age without FI in the last year served as controls. All subject collected stool samples at the baseline and 24-week visit at home using a standardized collection method. Samples were shipped to and stored at centralized laboratories. RESULTS Specimen collection commenced December 2014 and was completed in May 2016. Fecal water and DNA has been extracted and is currently being analyzed by targeted metabolic profiling for stool metabolites and 16S rRNA gene sequencing for stool microbiota. CONCLUSIONS This article describes the rationale and design of a study that could provide a paradigm shift for the treatment of FI in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily A Arya
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Holly E Richter
- Division of Urogynecology and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eric Jelovsek
- Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Center for Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marie Gantz
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sara Cichowski
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Halina Zyczynski
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Women's Center for Bladder and Pelvic Health, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Keisha Dyer
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Reproductive Medicine, UC San Diego Health System, San Diego, California
| | - Nazema Siddiqui
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cassandra Carberry
- Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Corey Broeckling
- Colorado State University Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Casey Morrow
- Department of Microbiome Resources, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Susie Meikle
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD for the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network, Rockville, Maryland
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21
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Lagomarsino S, Calusi S, Massi M, Gelli N, Sciortino S, Taccetti F, Giuntini L, Sordini A, Vannoni M, Bosia F, Monticone DG, Olivero P, Fairchild BA, Kashyap P, Alves ADC, Strack MA, Prawer S, Greentree AD. Refractive index variation in a free-standing diamond thin film induced by irradiation with fully transmitted high-energy protons. Sci Rep 2017; 7:385. [PMID: 28341859 PMCID: PMC5428296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion irradiation is a widely employed tool to fabricate diamond micro- and nano-structures for applications in integrated photonics and quantum optics. In this context, it is essential to accurately assess the effect of ion-induced damage on the variation of the refractive index of the material, both to control the side effects in the fabrication process and possibly finely tune such variations. Several partially contradictory accounts have been provided on the effect of the ion irradiation on the refractive index of single crystal diamond. These discrepancies may be attributable to the fact that in all cases the ions are implanted in the bulk of the material, thus inducing a series of concurrent effects (volume expansion, stress, doping, etc.). Here we report the systematic characterization of the refractive index variations occurring in a 38 µm thin artificial diamond sample upon irradiation with high-energy (3 MeV and 5 MeV) protons. In this configuration the ions are fully transmitted through the sample, while inducing an almost uniform damage profile with depth. Therefore, our findings conclusively identify and accurately quantify the change in the material polarizability as a function of ion beam damage as the primary cause for the modification of its refractive index.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lagomarsino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Calusi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Massi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - N Gelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - S Sciortino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - F Taccetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - L Giuntini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - A Sordini
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR, Firenze, Italy
| | - M Vannoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO), CNR, Firenze, Italy.,European XFEL GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Bosia
- Physics Department and NIS Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - D Gatto Monticone
- Physics Department and NIS Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - P Olivero
- Physics Department and NIS Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy. .,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy. .,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze fisiche della Materia (CNISM), Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - B A Fairchild
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT), Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Kashyap
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A D C Alves
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M A Strack
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Prawer
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A D Greentree
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, RMIT University, Melbourne, 3001, Australia
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22
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Kashyap P. Beware! Are bacteria raising your oxidative stress? Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/378/eaam6066. [PMID: 28228598 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, enriched in patients with colon cancer, induces cellular proliferation and dysplasia by toll-like receptor (TLR) 2- and TLR4-dependent increase in oxidative stress and cholesterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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23
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Kashyap P. Tune into the rhythm of your bugs. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/372/eaal4990. [PMID: 28077681 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal4990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Diurnal changes in gut microbiota localization and function alter host physiology through circadian epigenetic and transcriptional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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24
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Abstract
Commensal microbiota promote atherosclerosis by activating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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25
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Kashyap P. Don’t mix zinc lozenges and antibiotics. Sci Transl Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aai9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Dietary zinc increases susceptibility to
Clostridium difficile
infection following antibiotic use in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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26
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Khanna S, Montassier E, Schmidt B, Patel R, Knights D, Pardi DS, Kashyap P. Gut microbiome predictors of treatment response and recurrence in primary Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:715-727. [PMID: 27481036 PMCID: PMC5012905 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) may not respond to initial therapy and frequently recurs, but predictors of response and recurrence are inconsistent. The impact of specific alterations in the gut microbiota determining treatment response and recurrence in patients with CDI is unknown. AIM To assess microbial signatures as predictors of treatment response and recurrence in CDI. METHODS Pre-treatment stool samples and clinical metadata including outcomes were collected prospectively from patients with their first CDI episode. Next generation 16s rRNA sequencing using MiSeq Illumina platform was performed and changes in microbial community structure were correlated with CDI outcomes. RESULTS Eighty-eight patients (median age 52.7 years, 60.2% female) were included. Treatment failure occurred in 12.5% and recurrence after response in 28.5%. Patients who responded to treatment had an increase in Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Clostridiaceae, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Rothia compared to nonresponders. A risk-index built from this panel of microbes differentiated responders (mean 0.07 ± 0.24) from nonresponders (0.52 ± 0.42; P = 0.0002). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated that risk-index was a strong predictor of treatment response with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.85. Among clinical parameters tested, only proton pump inhibitor use predicted recurrent CDI (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.27-11.1, P = 0.01). Patients with recurrent CDI had statistically significant increases in Veillonella, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococci, Parabacteroides and Lachnospiraceae compared to patients without recurrence and a risk index was able to predict recurrence (AUC = 0.78). CONCLUSION Gut microbiota signatures predict treatment response and recurrence potentially, allowing identification of patients with Clostridium difficile infection that may benefit from early institution of alternate therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Emmanuel Montassier
- EA 3826 Thérapeutiques Cliniques et Expérimentales des Infections, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bradley Schmidt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Daniel Knights
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Darrell S. Pardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Corresponding authors: Purna Kashyap, MBBS, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Darrell S. Pardi, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN. 55905, and
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN,Corresponding authors: Purna Kashyap, MBBS, Assistant Professor of Medicine, Darrell S. Pardi, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN. 55905, and
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27
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Wadhwa A, AlNahhas MF, Dierkhising R, Patel R, Kashyap P, Pardi D, Khanna S, Grover M. High risk of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in patients with Clostridium difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016; 44:576-82. [PMID: 27444134 PMCID: PMC4982831 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious enteritis is a commonly identified risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is on the rise. However, there is limited information on post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS) development following CDI and the host- and infection-related risk factors are not known. AIM To determine the incidence and risk factors for PI-IBS following CDI. METHODS A total of 684 cases of CDI identified from September 2012 to November 2013 were surveyed. Participants completed the Rome III IBS questionnaire and details on the CDI episode. Predictive modelling was done using logistic regression to evaluate risk factors for PI-IBS development. RESULTS A total of 315 CDI cases responded (46% response rate) and 205 were at-risk (no pre-CDI IBS) for PI-IBS development. A total of 52/205 (25%) met the Rome III criteria for IBS ≥6 months following CDI. IBS-mixed was most common followed by IBS-diarrhoea. In comparison to those without subsequent PI-IBS, greater percentage of PI-IBS patients had CDI symptoms >7 days, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain during CDI, anxiety and a higher BMI. Using logistic regression, CDI symptoms >7 days [Odds ratio (OR): 2.96, P = 0.01], current anxiety (OR: 1.33, P < 0.0001) and a higher BMI (OR: 1.08, P = 0.004) were independently associated with PI-IBS development; blood in the stool during CDI was protective (OR: 0.44, P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort study, new-onset IBS is common after CDI. Longer CDI duration, current anxiety and higher BMI are associated with the diagnosis of C. difficile PI-IBS. This chronic sequela should be considered during active management and follow-up of patients with CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wadhwa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - MF. AlNahhas
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R. Dierkhising
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R. Patel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - P. Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - D. Pardi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - S. Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - M. Grover
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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28
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Abstract
Lugdunin, a new antibiotic produced by commensal bacteria in the nose, prevents pathogen colonization in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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29
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Wang F, Knutson K, Alcaino C, Linden DR, Gibbons SJ, Kashyap P, Grover M, Oeckler R, Gottlieb PA, Li HJ, Leiter AB, Farrugia G, Beyder A. Mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2 is important for enterochromaffin cell response to mechanical forces. J Physiol 2016; 595:79-91. [PMID: 27392819 DOI: 10.1113/jp272718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The gastrointestinal epithelial enterochromaffin (EC) cell synthesizes the vast majority of the body's serotonin. As a specialized mechanosensor, the EC cell releases this serotonin in response to mechanical forces. However, the molecular mechanism of EC cell mechanotransduction is unknown. In the present study, we show, for the first time, that the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2 is specifically expressed by the human and mouse EC cells. Activation of Piezo2 by mechanical forces results in a characteristic ionic current, the release of serotonin and stimulation of gastrointestinal secretion. Piezo2 inhibition by drugs or molecular knockdown decreases mechanosensitive currents, serotonin release and downstream physiological effects. The results of the present study suggest that the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2 is specifically expressed by the EC cells of the human and mouse small bowel and that it is important for EC cell mechanotransduction. ABSTRACT The enterochromaffin (EC) cell in the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium is the source of nearly all systemic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), which is an important neurotransmitter and endocrine, autocrine and paracrine hormone. The EC cell is a specialized mechanosensor, and it is well known that it releases 5-HT in response to mechanical forces. However, the EC cell mechanotransduction mechanism is unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether Piezo2 is involved in EC cell mechanosensation. Piezo2 mRNA was expressed in human jejunum and mouse mucosa from all segments of the small bowel. Piezo2 immunoreactivity localized specifically within EC cells of human and mouse small bowel epithelium. The EC cell model released 5-HT in response to stretch, and had Piezo2 mRNA and protein, as well as a mechanically-sensitive inward non-selective cation current characteristic of Piezo2. Both inward currents and 5-HT release were inhibited by Piezo2 small interfering RNA and antagonists (Gd3+ and D-GsMTx4). Jejunum mucosal pressure increased 5-HT release and short-circuit current via submucosal 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. Pressure-induced secretion was inhibited by the mechanosensitive ion channel antagonists gadolinium, ruthenium red and D-GsMTx4. We conclude that the EC cells in the human and mouse small bowel GI epithelium selectively express the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2, and also that activation of Piezo2 by force leads to inward currents, 5-HT release and an increase in mucosal secretion. Therefore, Piezo2 is critical to EC cell mechanosensitivity and downstream physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 300 Yanchang Middle Road, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Kaitlyn Knutson
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Constanza Alcaino
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David R Linden
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Simon J Gibbons
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Madhusudan Grover
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Richard Oeckler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Philip A Gottlieb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, 3435 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Hui Joyce Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrew B Leiter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 N Lake Ave, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Arthur Beyder
- Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Departments of Medicine and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
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30
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Abstract
Colonic transit time correlates with microbial composition and metabolism in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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31
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Kashyap P. I’ll have a turkey and cheese sandwich. Sci Transl Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aag1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands from bacterial metabolism of tryptophan can mitigate inflammation in the gut and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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32
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Abstract
Changes in gut microbiota can promote intestinal tumor development by activating the epithelial calcineurin-NFAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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33
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Kelly CR, Kahn S, Kashyap P, Laine L, Rubin D, Atreja A, Moore T, Wu G. Update on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation 2015: Indications, Methodologies, Mechanisms, and Outlook. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:223-37. [PMID: 25982290 PMCID: PMC4755303 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The community of microorganisms within the human gut (or microbiota) is critical to health and functions with a level of complexity comparable to that of an organ system. Alterations of this ecology (or dysbiosis) have been implicated in a number of disease states, and the prototypical example is Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been demonstrated to durably alter the gut microbiota of the recipient and has shown efficacy in the treatment of patients with recurrent CDI. There is hope that FMT may eventually prove beneficial for the treatment of other diseases associated with alterations in gut microbiota, such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and metabolic syndrome, to name a few. Although the basic principles that underlie the mechanisms by which FMT shows therapeutic efficacy in CDI are becoming apparent, further research is needed to understand the possible role of FMT in these other conditions. Although relatively simple to perform, questions regarding both short-term and long-term safety as well as the complex and rapidly evolving regulatory landscape has limited widespread use. Future work will focus on establishing best practices and more robust safety data than exist currently, as well as refining FMT beyond current "whole-stool" transplants to increase safety and tolerability. Encapsulated formulations, full-spectrum stool-based products, and defined microbial consortia are all in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R Kelly
- Lifespan Women's Medicine Collaborative, The Miriam Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.
| | - Stacy Kahn
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Purna Kashyap
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Loren Laine
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Rubin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, & Nutrition, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ashish Atreja
- Sinai AppLab, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Moore
- Infectious Disease Consultants of Kansas, Wichita, Kansas
| | - Gary Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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34
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Touw K, Wang Y, Leone V, Nadimpalli A, Nathaniel H, Gianrico F, Kashyap P, Chang E. Drug‐induced constipation alters gut microbiota stability leading to physiological changes in the host (1118.2). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1118.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ketrija Touw
- Medicine University of CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | - Yunwei Wang
- Medicine University of CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | - Vanessa Leone
- Medicine University of CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | - Eugene Chang
- Medicine University of CHICAGOChicagoILUnited States
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35
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Abstract
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a scleroderma-like systemic fibrosing condition of unknown etiology described in patients with renal insufficiency. Gadolinium exposure has been strongly associated with the development of NSF though the mechanism of such injury is not known. There are only few reported cases of NSF in the setting of acute renal failure and fewer reported cases where skin lesions developed after kidney function had returned to normal. We report a case of NSF in a young Hispanic woman with lupus nephritis but normal creatinine, who received gadolinium during a brief episode of prerenal acute kidney injury not requiring dialysis, secondary to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bhaskaran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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36
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Penaranda C, Wieland Brown L, Kashyap P, Clardy J, Kronenberg M, Sonnenburg J, Comstock L, Bluestone J, Fischbach M. Production of an NKT cell stimulatory glycosphingolipid by a prominent member of the human gut microbiota (55.22). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.55.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
While the human gut microbiota are suspected to produce diffusible small molecules that modulate host signaling pathways, few of these molecules have been identified. Species of Bacteroides and their relatives, which often comprise >50% of the gut community, are unusual among bacteria in that their membrane is rich in sphingolipids, a class of signaling molecules that play a key role in modulating the host immune response. Although known for more than three decades, the full repertoire of Bacteroides sphingolipids has not been defined or linked to immune modulatory activity. We report that Bacteroides fragilis produces the glycosphingolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCerBf), which is structurally related to a sponge-derived glycosphingolipid (α-GalCer, KRN7000) that is the prototypical agonist of CD1d-restricted natural killer T (NKT) cells. We demonstrate that α-GalCerBf binds to CD1d and stimulates the production of cytokines by both mouse and human NKT cells. In vivo, we show that α-GalCerBf stimulates NKT cells to induce the activation markers CD25 and CD69, secrete IFN-γ in a CD1d-dependent manner and can prevent cyclophosphamide-induced diabetes. These data suggest that NKT cells directly sense an endogenous antigen produced by a prominent human gut symbiont, uncovering a new mechanism by which the gut microbiota modulate a subset of immune cells relevant to pathogen response and autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Penaranda
- 1Diabetes Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura Wieland Brown
- 2Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- 3Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Med. Sch., Boston, MA
| | - Purna Kashyap
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Sch. of Med., Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jon Clardy
- 3Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Med. Sch., Boston, MA
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- 5Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Justin Sonnenburg
- 4Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University Sch. of Med., Palo Alto, CA
| | | | - Jeffrey Bluestone
- 1Diabetes Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael Fischbach
- 2Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Kashyap P, Gomez-Pinilla PJ, Pozo MJ, Cima RR, Dozois EJ, Larson DW, Ordog T, Gibbons SJ, Farrugia G. Immunoreactivity for Ano1 detects depletion of Kit-positive interstitial cells of Cajal in patients with slow transit constipation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:760-5. [PMID: 21585622 PMCID: PMC3138829 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01729.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depletion of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) is associated with several gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders. Changes in ICC networks are usually detected by immunolabeling for the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit. Ano1 (DOG1 or TMEM16A) was recently described as a marker of ICC in GI tract. Our aim was to determine whether Ano1 immunoreactivity can be used as a reliable marker for ICC in tissues from patients with motility disorders. METHODS Four tissues from patients with normal ICC numbers and four tissues from patients with slow transit constipation and loss of Kit-positive ICC were studied. Interstitial cells of Cajal were detected by double labeling using antisera to Kit and Ano1. KEY RESULTS Both the processes and cell bodies of ICC in tissue from controls and slow transit constipation were immunoreactive for Ano1. There was a near complete overlap between Kit and Ano1 immunoreactivity. Tissues from patients with slow transit constipation contained significantly fewer Ano1-positive ICC than control tissues. The numbers of ICC identified by Ano1 and Kit immunoreactivity were nearly identical across the range of ICC numbers from an average of 1.64 to 7.05 cells per field and correlated with an R(2) value of 0.99. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Ano1 is a reliable and sensitive marker for detecting changes in ICC networks in humans. Labeling with antibodies selective for Ano1 reproducibly detects depletion of Kit-positive ICC in tissues from patients with slow transit constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Enteric NeuroScience Program and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Pedro Julian Gomez-Pinilla
- Enteric NeuroScience Program and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Maria J. Pozo
- Dept of Physiology, Nursing School, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Robert R. Cima
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Eric J. Dozois
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David W. Larson
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tamas Ordog
- Enteric NeuroScience Program and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Simon J. Gibbons
- Enteric NeuroScience Program and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Kashyap P, Medeiros F, Levy M, Larson M. Unusual submucosal tumor in the stomach. Diagnosis: Endometriosis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:e7-8. [PMID: 21530527 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Sweetser S, Kashyap P, Baron TH. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tract salvage using natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery technique (with video). Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73:839-40. [PMID: 21067744 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2010.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Sweetser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Kashyap P, Sweetser S, Farrugia G. Esophageal papillomas and skin abnormalities. Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz syndrome) manifesting with esophageal papillomatosis. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:784, 1111. [PMID: 21272558 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
Gastrointestinal dysmotility presenting as nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea, constipation or abdominal pain is seen in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress has recently been recognized as a significant player in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal complications of diabetes. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, a team of investigators from Emory University led by Dr. Srinivasan present new evidence on the effect of oxidative stress in the diabetic colon. They show in diabetic patients, increased oxidative stress is associated with loss of the inhibitory neuronal subpopulation of enteric neurons, and that the neuronal loss can be reversed in-vitro by anti-oxidant lipoic acid. This new information adds to the accumulating evidence on the deleterious effect of oxidative stress in the gastrointestinal tract and highlights the opportunity to develop newer therapies focused on augmenting anti-oxidant defenses in the gastrointestinal tract in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kashyap
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Abstract
Diabetic gastroparesis is a disorder that occurs in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. It is associated with considerable morbidity among these patients and with the resultant economic burden on the health system. It is primarily a disease seen in middle-aged women, although the increased predisposition in women still remains unexplained. Patients often present with nausea, vomiting, bloating, early satiety and abdominal pain. The pathogenesis of this complex disorder is still not well understood but involves abnormalities in multiple interacting cell types including the extrinsic nervous system, enteric nervous system, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), smooth muscles and immune cells. The primary diagnostic test remains gastric scintigraphy, although other modalities such as breath test, capsule, ultrasound, MRI and single photon emission CT imaging show promise as alternative diagnostic modalities. The mainstay of treatment for diabetic gastroparesis has been antiemetics, prokinetics, nutritional support and pain control. In recent years, gastric stimulation has been used in refractory cases with nausea and vomiting. As we better understand the pathophysiology, newer treatment modalities are emerging with the aim of correcting the underlying defect. In this review, what has been learned about diabetic gastroparesis in the past 5 years is highlighted. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic gastroparesis are reviewed, focusing on the areas that are still controversial and those that require more studies. There is also a focus on advances in our understanding of the cellular changes that underlie development of diabetic gastroparesis, highlighting new opportunities for targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Kashyap P, Micci MA, Pasricha S, Pasricha PJ. The D2/D3 agonist PD128907 (R-(+)-trans-3,4a,10b-tetrahydro-4-propyl-2H,5H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-b]-1,4-oxazin-9-ol) inhibits stimulated pyloric relaxation and spontaneous gastric emptying. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:57-62. [PMID: 18600456 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric neuronal dopamine (DA) inhibits acetylcholine release and gastric motility; this has been thought to be mediated via neuronal dopamine-2 receptor (D2R). The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of gastric motility by the dopamine-3 receptor (D3R). METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Pyloric relaxation in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was assessed in an organ bath in the presence of varying concentrations of a selective D3R agonist, PD128907. Gastric emptying was assessed by the phenol red method after rats were treated with varying doses of PD128907 or DA with and without a selective D3R antagonist, L-nafadotride. RESULTS Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of D3R in the myenteric neurons in the rat pylorus. D3R activation reduced EFS-induced relaxation of pyloric strips in a dose-dependent manner and significantly delayed gastric emptying compared with vehicle. The D3R antagonist partially reversed the effect of DA on gastric emptying. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a novel role for D3R in regulation of gastric motility. D3R activation delays gastric emptying, an effect that may be due to impairment of pyloric relaxation. D3R antagonists therefore hold promise as useful agents for treatment of gastric motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Enteric Neuromuscular Disorders and Pain Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that a subset of gastrointestinal motility disorders is associated with the presence of circulating antibodies. These antibodies are directed against various molecular targets, the best known being anti-neuronal nuclear antibody (ANNA-1 or anti-Hu) associated with paraneoplastic motility disorders. There is also evidence that the presence of distinct autoantibody profiles is associated with non-paraneoplastic motility disorders. This review focuses on the types of antibodies associated with gastrointestinal motility disorders and the significance of these antibodies. Algorithms are suggested for the work-up and treatment of patients with circulating antibodies associated with gastrointestinal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purna Kashyap
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Gianrico Farrugia
- Enteric NeuroScience Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Abstract
The anatomy of the anal canal is complex but well demonstrated by MRI. Understanding the anatomy is a prerequisite for determining the true site and the extent of pathology, especially for surgical workup. In this article, the MRI anatomy of the anal canal has been displayed using highlighted MRI images and line diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kashyap
- Department of Radiology, Auckland Public Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Malignant phyllodes tumour is an uncommon breast neoplasm which undergoes osteosarcomatous differentiation in 1.3% of cases. We document the plain film, CT and scintigraphic features of a case of pulmonary metastases from this rare primary tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhartia
- Department of Radiology, Auckland Public Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
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Taylor P, Owen J, Kashyap P, Angus B, Proctor S. Hodgkin's disease in the northern region: A clinical, pathological and radiological review of presentation details in a two year cohort. Clin Radiol 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9260(05)82824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonulcer dyspepsia is common in adults but has been recognized only recently in children. METHODS We compared signs, symptoms, and antroduodenal motility findings in 34 children and 35 adults with severe nonulcer dyspepsia. RESULTS Symptoms and signs were similar in the two groups. Ten children (29%) and one adult (3%) required tube feedings (p = 0.01). Abdominal surgery had been performed on 6 of 34 (18%) children and 18 of 35 adults (51%) (p < 0.01), without relief of symptoms. Esophageal manometry was abnormal in 5 of 23 (22%) children and 6 of 31 (19%) adults. Antroduodenal manometry was suggestive of neuropathy in 25 children and 26 adults and of myopathy in 3 children and 2 adults. Absence of phase 3 of the migrating motor complex was found in 4 children and 17 adults (p = 0.01). Antroduodenal manometry was normal in six children and seven adults. CONCLUSION Signs, symptoms, and discrete manometric abnormalities of childhood nonulcer dyspepsia resembled those of adult nonulcer dyspepsia. Manometric findings in nonulcer dyspepsia resembled those reported in chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, suggesting that these conditions are on a continuum of enteric neuromuscular diseases.
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Kashyap P, Jain M, Agnihotri OP, Sehgal HK. Composition dependence of structural properties of flash-evaporated Cu 2−xIn xSe 2thin films. Acta Crystallogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767387081844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kashyap P, Sugathan TN. Continuation rates of use with a closed, non-tailed intrauterine device: polygon (M) and Lippes' loop (B). Indian J Med Res 1971; 59:660-70. [PMID: 5567103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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