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Bin B, Lyu B, Yang Y, Zhang HM, Hao QW, Wang FD, Dai C, Du XW, Fu J, Li YY, Li J, Wang QP. A compact electron beam ion trap in support of high-temperature plasma diagnostics based on conduction-cooled superconducting coils. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:063512. [PMID: 34243559 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic diagnostics of future fusion reactor plasmas require information on impurity line emissions, especially for relevant high-Z metal elements (e.g., tungsten). These materials will be widely used as plasma facing components for their high heat tolerance and low sputtering yield. Based on an electron beam ion trap, a compact impurity spectra platform is developed to mimic the high-temperature environment of a fusion reactor. The proposed platform can deliver a focused e-beam at energies over 30 keV using a confining magnetic field of ∼1.0 T generated by two superconducting coils (NbTi). Cooled by a closed-loop cryocooler, the coils can avoid the usage of a complicated cryogenic system involving the handling of liquid helium. For spectroscopic studies of highly charged ions, a spherically curved crystal spectrometer is proposed to measure a wavelength range around 2-4 Å covering the typical wavelength range expected to be emitted by metal ions in a fusion plasma. This paper reports the design and development progress of the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - B Lyu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - H M Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Q W Hao
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - F D Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - C Dai
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - X W Du
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - J Fu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y Y Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - J Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Q P Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
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He L, Zhang HM, Lyu B, Shen YC, Li CY, Yang WC, Fu J, Du XW, Wang FD, Wang QP, Yin XH, Wan SK, Bin B, Li YC, Dai SY, Liu B. Development and preliminary test of a space-resolved vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy in EAST. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:043519. [PMID: 34243364 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impurity radiation from the divertor region of the EAST tokamak is dominantly in the wavelength range of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) due to the elevated edge electron temperature. A space-resolved VUV spectroscopy is developed to measure impurity radiation in the divertor region. An eagle-type VUV spectrometer with a focal length of 1 m is adopted in this system, equipped with a spherical grating and a charged-coupled device (CCD) detector. The performance of the VUV spectrometer is preliminarily tested on a synchrotron radiation facility. The wavelength calibration is conducted near 65 nm. It is found that the wavelength range observed by the CCD detector is about 11.07 nm around the central wavelength of about 65 nm. With a linear dispersion of 0.0053 nm/pixel, it is possible to measure the ion temperature lower than 20 eV at the edge region by analyzing the Doppler broadening of a carbon line. These test results show that the performance of the VUV spectrometer is capable of measuring divertor radiation and analyzing the ion temperature of edge impurity ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L He
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - H M Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - B Lyu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y C Shen
- Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - C Y Li
- Anhui Spectreation Instrument Co. Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
| | - W C Yang
- Anhui Spectreation Instrument Co. Ltd., Hefei 230088, China
| | - J Fu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - X W Du
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - F D Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Q P Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - X H Yin
- School of Electrical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 420001, China
| | - S K Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - B Bin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y C Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - S Y Dai
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - B Liu
- Southwestern Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Zhang Y, Chen W, Ji JF, Wang ZY, Wu MH, Cheng Y, Jiang MJ, Wang QP, Chen RJ. [The significance of eosinophils in the correlation of upper and lower airway inflammation in patients with chronic rhinitis]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2019; 54:450-455. [PMID: 31262111 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the predictor of lower airway inflammation among the index of nasal inflammation by investigating the expression and association of eosinophils (EOS) in the upper-lower airways and blood of patients with chronic rhinitis. Methods: A total of 162 patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), 117 patients with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) and 104 controls were enrolled from June 2010 to December 2013 from General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army. All subjects were required detailed medical history collection and nasal resistance measurement. Skin prick test (SPT), blood total immunoglobin E (tIgE) and blood EOS, nasal lavage and induced sputum EOS, nasal provocation and bronchial provocation test (NPT, BPT), nasal and forced exhaled nitric oxide (NNO, FeNO) were performed in all patients. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between groups. LSD t test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison between the two groups. Pearson or Spearman related parameter test was used for correlation analysis. Results: The nasal lavage EOS, NNO, induced sputum EOS, FeNO, blood EOS and tIgE were higher in the AR group than that in the NAR group (3.70[1.20, 14.23]/200 HP vs 1.40[0.20, 3.40]/200 HP, 673.50[466.80, 936.00] ppb vs 455.80[248.10, 705.60] ppb, 2.97[0.00, 10.63]% vs 1.00[0.23, 2.00]%, (49.28±26.37)ppb vs (34.07±19.11)ppb, 4.00[2.00, 7.00]% vs 2.00[1.00, 5.00]%, 208.01[61.70, 387.50] IU/ml vs 43.30[19.00, 122.00] IU/ml, F or χ(2) value was 11.442, 19.440, 70.727, 69.449, 47.453, 46.525, respectively, all P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in nasal resistance, NPT and BPT between the two groups. Nasal lavage EOS in AR group and NAR group was correlated with induced sputum EOS, FeNO, tIgE and blood EOS (r value of AR group was 0.448, 0.202, 0.159, 0.321, r value of NAR group was 0.442, 0.268, 0.268, 0.334, respectively, all P<0.05), but not with BPT. After adjustment for gender, age, height and weight, nasal EOS was positively correlated with sputum EOS. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that nasal EOS, blood EOS and SPT were factors affecting sputum EOS levels. The optimal threshold for nasal EOS to determine induced sputum EOS was 3.30/200 HP by (receiver operating characteristic,ROC) analysis. Conclusion: The nasal EOS is correlated with multiple lower airway and systemic inflammatory markers, and is a risk factor for the induced sputum EOS, which can be used as an inflammation biomarker to predict the lower air inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 200031, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - J F Ji
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - M H Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Y Cheng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - M J Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Q P Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, People's Liberation Army, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - R J Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 200031, China
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Wang QP, Fang AJ, Guo GJ, Wang J. [A case of ductus arteriosus occluder displacement]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2019; 47:492-493. [PMID: 31262135 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - A J Fang
- Department of Cardiac Function Room, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - G J Guo
- Department of Cardiac Function Room, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, China
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Wang X, Chen W, Wang QP. [The clinical significance of pepsin in the diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 31:728-731. [PMID: 29871361 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal reflux diseases(LPRD) refers to a kind of clinical syndrome that is caused by the[H+]and pepsin in the stomach entering the pharynx,larynx,nose,the middle ear,trachea and bronchi through esophagus. This disease has been gradually recognized by otolaryngologist in recent years. Upper respiratory tract infections caused by LPRD are often misdiagnosed or underdiagnosed,because its clinical symptoms and signs are usually nonspecific. Correct diagnosis of LPRD is the key to giving patients proper treatment. With the deepening of LPRD research,otolaryngologists gradually recognize that pepsin plays an important role in the cure of laryngopharynx trauma caused by reflux.Detection of upper and lower airway secretion of pepsin may be a promising diagnostic method for LPRD with high sensitivity.
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Zhang Y, Wang ZY, Ji JF, Wu MH, Xie YQ, Li DR, Chen RJ, Wang QP. [The standardization of inflammation detecting methods in upper and lower airways]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 31:953-956. [PMID: 29798420 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the standardization of inflammation detecting methods in upper and lower airways. Method:After a five year cooperation with Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases on inflammatory diseases of airways, we have found a series of evaluation methodology and normative values in upper and lower airways (NO), airway hyper reactivity and cytology (Eos). Result:The normative range of nasal and pulmonary NO is 400-900 ppb and 5-25 ppb respectively. The nasal resistance increased ≥100% and FEV1 fell ≥20% when compared with their respective baselines both illustrating a positive result. The positive value of nasal and pulmonary Eos are ≥2.00/HP and ≥2.5% respectively. Conclusion:The standardization of evaluation methods for upper and lower airway inflammation provides the methodology and research basis for follow-up studies of upper and lower airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Z Y Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA
| | - J F Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA
| | - M H Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA
| | - Y Q Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical School, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - D R Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical School, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases
| | - R J Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Q P Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of PLA
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Hu RJ, Chen J, Delgado-Aparicio LF, Wang QP, Du XW, Shen J, Yang XS, Wang FD, Fu J, Li YY, Bitter M, Hill KW, Pablant NA, Lee SG, Shi YJ, Wan BN, Ye MY, Lyu B. Upgrade of X-ray crystal spectrometer for high temperature measurement using neon-like xenon lines on EAST. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10F110. [PMID: 30399886 DOI: 10.1063/1.5038885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A two-crystal X-ray spectrometer system has been implemented in the EAST tokamak to simultaneously diagnose high- and low-temperature plasmas using He- and H-like argon spectra. But for future fusion devices like ITER and Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR), argon ions become fully stripped in the core and the intensity of the H-like lines will be significantly at high temperatures (Te > 5 keV). With increasing auxiliary heating power on EAST, the core plasma temperature could also reach 5 keV and higher. In such conditions, the use of a xenon puff becomes an appropriate choice for both ion-temperature and flow-velocity measurements. A new two-crystal system using a quartz 110 crystal (2d = 4.913 Å) to view He-like argon lines and a quartz 011 crystal (2d = 6.686 Å) to view Ne-like xenon spectra has been deployed on a poloidal X-ray crystal spectrometer. While the He-like argon spectra will be used to measure the plasma temperature in the edge plasma region, the Ne-like xenon spectra will be used for measurement in the hot core. The new crystal arrangement allows a wide temperature measurement ranging from 0.5 to 10 keV or even higher, being the first tests for burning plasmas like ITER and CFETR. The preliminary result of lab-tests, Ne-like xenon lines measurement will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hu
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - J Chen
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Q P Wang
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - X W Du
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - J Shen
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - X S Yang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - F D Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - J Fu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Y Y Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - M Bitter
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - K W Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - N A Pablant
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA
| | - S G Lee
- National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon 305-333, South Korea
| | - Y J Shi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - B N Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - M Y Ye
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - B Lyu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Ji JF, Wang QP, Zhang Y, Wang ZY, Xie YQ, Guan WJ, Wu KM, Xu L, Chen W, Xue F, Jiang MJ, Wang TY, Zhong NS. [Lower airway abnormalities in patients with allergic rhinitis]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2017; 39:856-861. [PMID: 27852361 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the characteristics of lower airway abnormalities in allergic rhinitis(AR) patients without asthma. Methods: Between June 2008 and December 2012, 377 consecutive AR patients and 264 healthy subjects were recruited. All subjects underwent meticulous history taking, nasal examination, allergen skin prick test, blood routine test, serum total immunoglobin E assay, induced sputum cell count and differentials, measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and bronchial challenge test. Results: The positive rates in AR patients was 12.2%(46/377) for bronchial provocation test, 49.2%(185/377) for FeNO, 39.0%(147/377) for sputum eosinophilia, 15.6%(40/377) for peripheral blood eosinophilia and 55.4%(209/377) for increased serum total IgE levels, which were consistently and statistically higher than those of healthy controls(P<0.01). The levels of FeNO [35.0 (21.8, 65.9)ppb], induced sputum eosinophil percentage [2.0 (0.0, 7.5)%], peripheral blood eosinophil percentage [2.9 (1.8, 4.5)%] and serum total IgE [178.4 (63.1, 384.0)kU/L] in AR patients were also higher(P<0.01). Compared with healthy controls, patients with AR demonstrated lower levels of FEV1/FVC%, MMEFpred%, MEF75 pred%, MEF25pred% (all P<0.05). Statistical analysis showed that FeNO, ratio of induced sputum eosinophil percentage and peripheral blood eosinophil percentage had significant correlations with each other(P<0.01), the r value being 0.247, 0.235, 0.355 respectively. Conclusion: AR without asthma is characterized by lower airway inflammation, small airway impairment and bronchial hyperreactivity, features similar to those of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, China
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Liu L, Liu DZ, Wang QP, Zhu ZL, Li HM, Lu XY. Respiratory training during rehabilitation of acute organic fluorine-poisoned patients treated by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2017; 31:371-376. [PMID: 28685539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to analyze the effects of respiratory training on pulmonary function during the rehabilitation period for acute organic fluorine-poisoned patients treated by non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). Sixty-two acute organic fluorine-poisoned patients admitted to the Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang City, China, from May 2012 to March 2016 were selected and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 31 cases in each. Both groups received NIPPV. The patients in the control group exercised daily, while the patients in the observation group received contracting lips-abdominal breathing training. The therapeutic effects, pulmonary ventilation function, serum levels of α-antitrypsin1 (α-AT1), surfactant protein D (SP-D), neutrophil elastase (NE), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and quality of life were analyzed and compared between the two groups both before and after the administration of treatment. The total effective rate of the observation group was 93.55%, which was significantly higher when compared with the control group (74.19%) (P less than 0.05). The levels of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, vital capacity (VC), carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLco), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) of the observation group were better when compared with the control group and had statistical significance (P less than 0.05). Before treatment, the serum levels of α-AT1, SP-D, NE, and TGF-β1, and quality of life had no statistical significance in either group (P>0.05); after treatment, these indexes and the quality of life for the observation group were significantly higher when compared with the control group, with statistical significance (P less than 0.05). The respiratory training in acute organic fluorine-poisoned patients treated by NIPPV can improve the serum indexes, dilute toxicity, and recover pulmonary function, which play key roles in improving the therapeutic effects and quality of life of patients, and is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang City, China
| | - D Z Liu
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang City, China
| | - Q P Wang
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang City, China
| | - Z L Zhu
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang City, China
| | - H M Li
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang City, China
| | - X Y Lu
- Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang City, China
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Yue ZZ, Zhang YL, Wang QP, Du JQ, Lin P. [Application of narrow band imaging in laryngeal tumor]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2017; 31:428-430. [PMID: 29871279 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:To explore the application of narrow band imaging(NBI) technology in laryngeal tumor.Method:From Appril 2014 to Otober 2016, three hundred and twenty-two patients with suspected laryngeal cancer or precancerous lesions were enrolled in the First Central Hospital of Tianjin. Each patient was examined by electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscope under white light and NBI model. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of laryngeal tumor diagnosis under white light mode and NBI mode was compared based on pathological results. Result:The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of white light mode in laryngeal tumor diagnosis were 77.17%,62.07% and 74.36%, respectively whereas the NBI model were 92.91%,77.59% and 90.06%, respectively.The sensitivity and accuracy of NBI model in laryngeal tumor diagnosis were significantly higer than white light model(P<0.05),but not the specificity. Conclusion:The electronic nasopharyngolaryngoscope of NBI technology not only found early lesions of laryngeal cancer, but also can improve the sensitivity and accuracy of laryngeal tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Yue
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Central Hospital of Tianjin,Tianjin Institute of Otolaryngology,Tianjin,300192,China
| | - Y L Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Central Hospital of Tianjin,Tianjin Institute of Otolaryngology,Tianjin,300192,China
| | - Q P Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Central Hospital of Tianjin,Tianjin Institute of Otolaryngology,Tianjin,300192,China
| | - J Q Du
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Central Hospital of Tianjin,Tianjin Institute of Otolaryngology,Tianjin,300192,China
| | - P Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Central Hospital of Tianjin,Tianjin Institute of Otolaryngology,Tianjin,300192,China
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Wang QP, Luo HR, Zhang JW, Weng SX, Gan MF. [Primary ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma of breast: report of a case]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2017; 46:55-56. [PMID: 28072980 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Peters MJ, Joehanes R, Pilling LC, Schurmann C, Conneely KN, Powell J, Reinmaa E, Sutphin GL, Zhernakova A, Schramm K, Wilson YA, Kobes S, Tukiainen T, Ramos YF, Göring HHH, Fornage M, Liu Y, Gharib SA, Stranger BE, De Jager PL, Aviv A, Levy D, Murabito JM, Munson PJ, Huan T, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Rivadeneira F, van Rooij J, Stolk L, Broer L, Verbiest MMPJ, Jhamai M, Arp P, Metspalu A, Tserel L, Milani L, Samani NJ, Peterson P, Kasela S, Codd V, Peters A, Ward-Caviness CK, Herder C, Waldenberger M, Roden M, Singmann P, Zeilinger S, Illig T, Homuth G, Grabe HJ, Völzke H, Steil L, Kocher T, Murray A, Melzer D, Yaghootkar H, Bandinelli S, Moses EK, Kent JW, Curran JE, Johnson MP, Williams-Blangero S, Westra HJ, McRae AF, Smith JA, Kardia SLR, Hovatta I, Perola M, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Henders AK, Martin NG, Smith AK, Mehta D, Binder EB, Nylocks KM, Kennedy EM, Klengel T, Ding J, Suchy-Dicey AM, Enquobahrie DA, Brody J, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Kloppenburg M, Slagboom PE, Helmer Q, den Hollander W, Bean S, Raj T, Bakhshi N, Wang QP, Oyston LJ, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Montgomery GW, Turner ST, Blangero J, Meulenbelt I, Ressler KJ, Yang J, Franke L, Kettunen J, Visscher PM, Neely GG, Korstanje R, Hanson RL, Prokisch H, Ferrucci L, Esko T, Teumer A, van Meurs JBJ, Johnson AD. The transcriptional landscape of age in human peripheral blood. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8570. [PMID: 26490707 PMCID: PMC4639797 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease incidences increase with age, but the molecular characteristics of ageing that lead to increased disease susceptibility remain inadequately understood. Here we perform a whole-blood gene expression meta-analysis in 14,983 individuals of European ancestry (including replication) and identify 1,497 genes that are differentially expressed with chronological age. The age-associated genes do not harbor more age-associated CpG-methylation sites than other genes, but are instead enriched for the presence of potentially functional CpG-methylation sites in enhancer and insulator regions that associate with both chronological age and gene expression levels. We further used the gene expression profiles to calculate the ‘transcriptomic age' of an individual, and show that differences between transcriptomic age and chronological age are associated with biological features linked to ageing, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, fasting glucose, and body mass index. The transcriptomic prediction model adds biological relevance and complements existing epigenetic prediction models, and can be used by others to calculate transcriptomic age in external cohorts. Ageing increases the risk of many diseases. Here the authors compare blood cell transcriptomes of over 14,000 individuals and identify a set of about 1,500 genes that are differently expressed with age, shedding light on transcriptional programs linked to the ageing process and age-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein J Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Roby Joehanes
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Luke C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 1DB, UK
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17493, Germany.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Genetics of Obesity &Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York 10029, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | - Joseph Powell
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Eva Reinmaa
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - George L Sutphin
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Schramm
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich 85540, Germany
| | - Yana A Wilson
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sayuko Kobes
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85001, USA
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland
| | | | - Yolande F Ramos
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Harald H H Göring
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences, Center at Houston, Texas 77001, USA.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77001, USA
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA
| | - Sina A Gharib
- Computational Medicine Core, Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Barbara E Stranger
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60290, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Abraham Aviv
- Center of Human Development and Aging, New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07101, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Joanne M Murabito
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,General Internal Medicine Section, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Peter J Munson
- The Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Tianxiao Huan
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Stolk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Broer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Michael M P J Verbiest
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Mila Jhamai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Liina Tserel
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE1, UK
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Silva Kasela
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia
| | - Veryan Codd
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE1, UK
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Cavin K Ward-Caviness
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40593, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40593, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf 40593, Germany
| | - Paula Singmann
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Sonja Zeilinger
- Institute of Epidemiologie II, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30519, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17493, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörgen Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Hospital Stralsund, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Leif Steil
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17493, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17489, Germany
| | - Anna Murray
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 1DB, UK
| | - David Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX4 1DB, UK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | | | - Eric K Moses
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, The University of Western Australia, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 9011, Australia
| | - Jack W Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | | | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, The Netherlands.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge 02138, USA.,Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA.,Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Allan F McRae
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48103, USA
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland.,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB4, UK.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00100, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland
| | - Anjali K Henders
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | - Divya Mehta
- Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 80331, Germany
| | | | - K Maria Nylocks
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Kennedy
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | | | - Jingzhong Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101, USA
| | - Astrid M Suchy-Dicey
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Jennifer Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98101, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90501, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90501, USA
| | | | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Quinta Helmer
- Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter den Hollander
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon Bean
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Noman Bakhshi
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Qiao Ping Wang
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Lisa J Oyston
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Colchester, Vermont 98195, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78201, USA
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300RC, The Netherlands
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30301, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Kettunen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00131, Finland.,Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu 90570, Finland
| | - Peter M Visscher
- The Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - G Gregory Neely
- Neuroscience Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre and School of Molecular Bioscience, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Ron Korstanje
- Nathan Shock Center of Excellence in the Basic Biology of Aging, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, USA
| | - Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona 85001, USA
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University Munich, Munich 85540, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Tonu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 0794, Estonia.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge 02138, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald 17493, Germany
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3000CA, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts 01702, USA.,Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, USA
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Li YY, Fu J, Lyu B, Du XW, Li CY, Zhang Y, Yin XH, Yu Y, Wang QP, von Hellermann M, Shi YJ, Ye MY, Wan BN. Development of the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy and the beam emission spectroscopy on the EAST tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E428. [PMID: 25430335 DOI: 10.1063/1.4890408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge eXchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CXRS) and Beam Emission Spectroscopy (BES) diagnostics based on a heating neutral beam have recently been installed on EAST to provide local measurements of ion temperature, velocity, and density. The system design features common light collection optics for CXRS and BES, background channels for the toroidal views, multi-chord viewing sightlines, and high throughput lens-based spectrometers with good signal to noise ratio for high time resolution measurements. Additionally, two spectrometers each has a tunable grating to observe any wavelength of interest are used for the CXRS and one utilizes a fixed-wavelength grating to achieve higher diffraction efficiency for the BES system. A real-time wavelength correction is implemented to achieve a high-accuracy wavelength calibration. Alignment and calibration are performed. Initial performance test results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Li
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - J Fu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - B Lyu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - X W Du
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - C Y Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - X H Yin
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Y Yu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Q P Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - M von Hellermann
- FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics "Rijnhuizen," Association EURATOM, Trilateral Euregio Cluster, 3430BE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Y J Shi
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - M Y Ye
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - B N Wan
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
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14
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Zhang HN, Chen XH, Wang QP, Zhang XY, Chang J, Gao L, Shen HB, Cong ZH, Liu ZJ, Tao XT, Li P. High-efficiency diode-pumped actively Q-switched ceramic Nd:YAG/BaWO₄ Raman laser operating at 1666 nm. Opt Lett 2014; 39:2649-2651. [PMID: 24784068 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.002649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A diode-pumped actively Q-switched Raman laser employing BaWO4 as the Raman active medium and a ceramic Nd:YAG laser operating at 1444 nm as the pump source is demonstrated. The first-Stokes-Raman generation at 1666 nm is achieved. With a pump power of 20.3 W and pulse repetition frequency rate of 5 kHz, a maximum output power of 1.21 W is obtained, which is the highest output power for a 1.6 μm Raman laser. The corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiency is 6%; the pulse energy and peak power are 242 μJ and 8.96 kW, respectively.
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15
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Chen W, Wang ZY, Xu FL, Wu KM, Zhang Y, Xu L, Wang QP. Association of XRCC1 genetic polymorphism (Arg399Gln) with laryngeal cancer: a meta-analysis based on 4,031 subjects. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:1637-40. [PMID: 24194393 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several case-control studies on the relation between XRCC1 gene Arg399Gln polymorphism and laryngeal cancer do not have similar conclusions. To further evaluate the relation between the XRCC1 gene Arg399Gln polymorphism and laryngeal cancer, we selected seven case-control studies related to the XRCC1 gene Arg399Gln polymorphism and laryngeal cancer by searching MEDLINE, EMBase, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese CNKI, and Wanfang database. We utilized Q test and I (2) test to test the heterogeneity between each study. The fixed effects model was utilized to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval. The present study included 1,654 patients with laryngeal cancer and 2,377 cancer-free control subjects. By meta-analysis, we did not find any association of XRCC1 gene Arg399Gln polymorphism with laryngeal cancer (OR = 1.13, 95 % CI 0.81-1.58, P = 0.47). Therefore, we concluded that XRCC1 gene Arg399Gln polymorphism was not associated with laryngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical Medical College, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhang HN, Chen XH, Wang QP, Zhang XY, Chang J, Gao L, Shen HB, Cong ZH, Liu ZJ, Tao XT, Li P. High efficiency Nd:YAG ceramic eye-safe laser operating at 1442.8 nm. Opt Lett 2013; 38:3075-3077. [PMID: 24104652 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on a diode-pumped Nd:YAG ceramic laser operating at 1442.8 nm for the first time. In our experiment, two different Nd:YAG ceramics with the Nd-doped concentrations of 1.0 and 0.6 at. % and a Nd:YAG with the Nd-doped concentration of 1.0 at. % were used as the laser gain mediums, respectively. At a pump power of 20.7 W, a maximum output power of up to 3.96 W with optical-to-optical efficiency of up to 19.1% was obtained by using the 1.0 at. % Nd-doped ceramic as the laser gain medium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest output power of a LD-pumped 1.44 μm Nd:YAG ceramic laser and the highest optical-to-optical efficiency of a LD-pumped 1.44 μm Nd-doped crystal laser.
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Feng TT, Zhao G, Yao HP, Wang QP, Wu NP. Expression and identification of immunological activities of the HIV-gp120N-human interferon gamma fusion protein. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:381-6. [PMID: 19248157 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp120 is a vaccine immunogen that has been studied extensively. To enhance the immune response of cells against HIV-1 gp120, we tested the coexpression of gp120N with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) as an immune adjuvant. Two recombinant prokaryotic plasmids were constructed: the pET44b-HIV-1-gp120N plasmid construct carried the HIV-1 gp120N gene (pET44-gp120N), whereas the pET44b-HIV-1-gp120N-IFN-gamma plasmid construct carried a fusion gp120N-IFN-gamma gene (pET44b-gp120N-IFN-gamma). Target protein expression was achieved in E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells by chemical induction. To test the immunological activity of the proteins, mice were injected with a control, gp120N, or the fusion gp120N-IFN-gamma protein. The serum and spleen cells of the mice were collected for immunological detection. Results showed that specific T lymphocyte proliferation and the expression of the Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) were higher in the gp120N-IFN-gamma group than the other two groups (P < 0.05). No difference was observed in the expression levels of the Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10; P > 0.05). These results suggest that IFN-gamma plays a prominent role as an immune adjuvant when coexpressed with HIV-1 gp120N. IFN-gamma enhances the specific cell immune response of mice against HIV-1 gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yang JJ, Li WY, Jil Q, Wang ZY, Sun J, Wang QP, Li ZQ, Xu JG. Local anesthesia for functional endoscopic sinus surgery employing small volumes of epinephrine-containing solutions of lidocaine produces profound hypotension. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2005; 49:1471-6. [PMID: 16223392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local anesthetic containing epinephrine is commonly used in many operations for the main purpose of hemostasis. A randomized, controlled, prospective clinical trial was designed to find out hemodynamic changes after local infiltration of different concentrations and/or different dosages of epinephrine during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) under general anesthesia. METHODS One hundred and eight adult patients undergoing elective FESS under general anesthesia were randomly allocated into four groups. Group I received 2% lidocaine 2 ml with epinephrine (5 microg/ml); group II received 1% lidocaine 4 ml with epinephrine (2.5 microg/ml); group III received 1% lidocaine 4 ml with epinephrine (5 microg/ml); and group IV received 1% lidocaine 4 ml for local infiltration. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored continuously in the radial artery and recorded in 6 min: before infiltration (baseline), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, and 6 min after local infiltration. The lowest blood pressure (BP) in this period was also recorded. RESULTS Significant hemodynamic changes, particularly a decrease in BP (P < 0.001) with a slight increase in HR (P < 0.001) at approximately 1.5 min and an increase in SBP at approximately 3 min (P < 0.01) after local infiltration, were observed in group I, group II and group III compared with the baseline, but not in group IV. No significant hemodynamic differences were observed between group I, group II and group III at the same time points (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Local infiltration of low-dose epinephrine causes temporary significant hemodynamic changes particularly a marked decrease in BP during FESS under general anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Local anesthetics containing adrenaline, which often cause cardiovascular side effects, are routinely used in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for the main purpose of hemostasis. The controversies concerning hemodynamic effects of adrenaline in local infiltration are widely discussed, but there is no definite conclusion. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was carried out to discover the hemodynamic effects after local infiltration of 1:200,000 adrenaline contained in 2% lidocaine under general anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN Seventy-six adult patients undergoing FESS during general anesthesia were allocated randomly into three groups. Group I patients (n = 26) received 2% lidocaine 2 mL with adrenaline (1:200,000), group II patients (n = 25) received saline 2 mL with adrenaline (1:200,000), and group III patients (control group, n = 25) received saline 2 mL without adrenaline for local infiltration. Electrocardiogram (ECG) and heart rate (HR) were monitored simultaneously; systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were directly measured in radial artery continuously after local infiltration. METHODS SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR were recorded at 10 time points: before infiltration (baseline), 0.5 minutes, 1 minute, 1.5 minutes, 2 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 3 minutes, 3.5 minutes, 4 minute, and 5 minutes after infiltration. RESULTS Significant hemodynamic changes, particularly hypotension (P < .01), after local infiltration were observed in group I and group II compared with the baseline, but not in group III. However, there were no significant hemodynamic changes between group I and group II at the same time points (P > .05). The significant hemodynamic changes lasted no longer than 4 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Lidocaine (2%) or saline with adrenaline (1:200,000) does cause temporary hypotension and other hemodynamic changes during general anesthesia, which last no longer than 4 minutes. The causative mechanism is caused by the effect of adrenaline. This is a preliminary study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yang
- Medical School of Nanjing University and Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing 210002, People's Republic of China
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Wang QP, Zadina JE, Guan JL, Kastin AJ, Funahashi H, Shioda S. Endomorphin-2 immunoreactivity in the cervical dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord at the electron microscopic level. Neuroscience 2002; 113:593-605. [PMID: 12150779 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00153-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 is a newly discovered endogenous opioid peptide with high affinity and selectivity for the micro-opioid receptor, and potent analgesic activity, particularly in the spinal cord. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we examined the ultrastructure of the endomorphin-2-like immunoreactive processes and their synaptic relationships in the spinal cord. Endomorphin-2-like immunopositive dense-cored vesicles were observed in many axon terminals, and, in a few cases, were observed together with immunonegative dense-cored vesicles. Immunopositive axons with or without myelination were also observed. The endomorphin-2-like immunoreactive axon terminals formed synapses with both immunopositive and immunonegative processes. Most synapses were asymmetrical, but symmetrical synapses were also found. Examples of axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and axo-axonic contacts were observed. This first demonstration of the ultrastructure and synaptic relationships of endomorphin-2-like immunoreactive axon terminals in the spinal cord dorsal horn provides morphological evidence that this peptide functions as a transmitter regulating pain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Wang QP, Guan JL, Shioda S. Immunoelectron microscopic study of beta-endorphinergic synaptic innervation of GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Synapse 2001; 42:234-41. [PMID: 11746721 DOI: 10.1002/syn.10008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Using a preembedding double immunoreactive technique by immunostaining with antirat beta-endorphin and antisynthetic glutamic acid decarboxylase antisera sequentially, the synaptic relationships between beta-endorphinergic neuronal fibers and GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat were examined at the ultrastructural level. Although both beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive fibers and glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactive neurons can be found in the mediodorsal and medioventral parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the synapses between them were found only in the mediodorsal part. Most of the beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive neuronal fibers contained many dense-cored vesicles. The synapses made by beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive neuronal axon terminals on glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactive neurons were both symmetrical and asymmetrical, with the latter predominant, especially in the axo-dendritic synapses. Perikarya with beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity were found only in the ventrobasal hypothalamus. These findings suggest the possibility that the beta-endorphin-producing neurons in the ventrobasal hypothalamus could influence GABAergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus directly by synaptic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142, Japan.
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Guan JL, Wang QP, Lu S, Shioda S. Reciprocal synaptic relationships between angiotensin II-containing neurons and enkephalinergic neurons in the rat area postrema. Synapse 2001; 41:112-7. [PMID: 11400177 DOI: 10.1002/syn.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A preembedding double immunostaining technique was used to study synaptic relationships between angiotensin-II-like immunoreactive and enkephalin-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat area postrema. The angiotensin-II-like immunoreactive neurons were detected by silver-gold intensification of the DAB reaction results while the enkephalin-like immunoreactive neurons were detected by simple ABC-DAB reaction. The synaptic relationships were reciprocal between the two neurons. Most of the synapses found between these two neurons were the presynaptic enkephalin-like immunoreactive axon terminals that made synapses on the angiotensin-II-like immunoreactive perikarya and dendrites. Both the axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses were symmetrical. However, although angiotensin-II-like immunoreactive axon terminals also made synapses on enkephalin-like perikarya and dendrites, the axo-somatic synapses were symmetrical, while the axo-dendritic synapses were asymmetrical. The present results confirm the presence of angiotensin-II-like immunoreactive neurons in the area postrema and suggest that these angiotensinergic neurons in the area postrema may play a role in the regulation of blood pressure via coordinated synaptic interactions with enkephalinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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23
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Abstract
A pre-embedding double immunostaining technique was used to study the synaptic relationships between orexin-like immunoreactive axon terminals and preopiomelanocortin (POMC)-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat arcuate nucleus. Most of the synapses were axo-dendritic, while some axo-somatic synapses were also found. Both the axo-somatic and axodendritic synapses were symmetrical. In some cases the presynaptic orexin-like immunoreactive axon terminals contained a few large dense-cored vesicles. The results suggest that the orexinergic axon terminals in the arcuate nucleus may play an important role in the regulation of food intake via synapses through POMC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The ultrastructure and synaptic relationships of the angiotensin II-containing neurons in the area postrema of the rat were studied by immunocytochemistry using the avidin-biotin-complex-DAB method, and also using silver-gold intensification following the DAB reaction. At the light microscopic level, the angiotensin II-like immunoreactive neurons were observed within the area postrema, especially in the upper region. At the electron microscopic level, the angiotensin II-like immunoreactive cell bodies were observed as having a round, unindented nucleus. The nuclei of these neurons were not immunostained. The angiotensin II-like immunoreactive axon terminals often contained a few dense core vesicles in addition to many small clear synaptic vesicles. Numerous axon terminals were found to make synapses on immunonegative dendrites; they were also found to make synapses on angiotensin II-like immunoreactive dendrites. Many angiotensin II-like immunoreactive dendrites received synapses from immunonegative axon terminals. Although angiotensin II-like immunoreactive cell bodies were sometimes postsynaptic to immunoreactive axon terminals, they did not receive synapses from immunonegative axon terminals. These results provide solid morphological evidence of AP endogenous angiotensin II and confirm that in spite of circulating angiotensin II, the local neurons in the AP may also play an important role in angiotensin II-induced cardiovascular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang QP, Guan JL, Shioda S. Synaptic contacts between serotonergic and cholinergic neurons in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. Neuroscience 2000; 97:553-63. [PMID: 10828537 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We examined synaptic connectivity between cholinergic and serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus of the rat. To this purpose we employed two variations (the combination of pre-embedding immunogold-silver intensification with avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique and the combination of avidin-biotin-peroxidase/3, 3'-diaminobenzidine/silver-gold intensification with avidin-biotin-peroxidase/3,3'-diaminobenzidine reaction) of a double pre-embedding immunoelectron procedure, using primary antibodies against vesicular acetylcholine transporter and serotonin. At the light-microscopic level, serotonin-like immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus appeared as reddish black and vesicular acetylcholine transporter-like immunoreactive axon terminals were brown colored using a combination of pre-embedding immunogold-silver technique and avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. Serotonin-like immunoreactive fibers projected to the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus. At the electron microscopy level, with both methods we observed in the dorsal raphe nucleus vesicular acetylcholine transporter-immunopositive axon terminals in synaptic contact with serotonin-like immunoreactive dendrites and, to a lesser degree, with serotonin-like immunoreactive cell bodies. These synapses usually were of the symmetrical type. Occasionally we noted, next to vesicular acetylcholine transporter-immunopositive axon terminals, also immunonegative terminals synapsing with the serotonin-like immunoreactive dendrites. In the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus we found serotonin-like immunoreactive axon terminals and immunonegative terminals forming synapses with vesicular acetylcholine transporter-immunoreactive dendrites. Most synapses formed by the serotonin-like immunopositive terminals were of the asymmetrical type. Our results suggest that serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus and cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus may reciprocally influence each other by means of synaptic connectivity. Such connectivity may serve to regulate pain sensation, or be involved in the regulation of the sleeping-waking cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, 142-8555, Tokyo, Japan.
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Wang QP, Guan JL, Ochiai H, Nakai Y. The neurotensinergic synaptic innervation of vasopressin containing neurons in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Brain Res 1999; 834:25-31. [PMID: 10407090 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A recent physiological report suggested that neurotensin could inhibit the vasopressin releasing from vasopressin-producing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus but not in the supraoptic nucleus. In the present study, the synaptic relationship between the neurotensin-like immunoreactive and vasopressin-like immunoreactive neurons has been examined using a pre-embedding double immunostaining technique in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. At the light microscopic level, many neurotensin-like immunoreactive fibers were found near the vasopressin-like immunoreactive neurons. At the electron microscopic level, the neurotensin-like immunoreactive fibers were identified as axon terminals that made many synapses on the vasopressin-like immunoreactive perikarya and dendrites. The synapses were both asymmetrical and symmetrical. These findings of the present study suggest that the inhibitory effect of neurotensin on the vasopressin neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus may be due to the direct synapses made by neurotensin-like immunoreactive axon terminals on the vasopressin-like immunoreactive neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Abstract
A simple preembedding avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique was used to study the ultrastructural localization of mu-opioid receptor in the rat area postrema. By using low concentrations of the first antiserum for incubation with a short reaction time to 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, the immunostaining was faint at the light microscopic level. However, at the electron microscopic level, strong immunoreaction was observed. Mu-Opioid receptors were found to be localized on the postsynaptic membrane of dendrites, extrasynaptic plasma membrane, and the surface of the small, clear vesicles in axon terminals. Of the total 283 immunopositive profiles observed, 68.2% (193 of 283) were dendrites, 29.3% (83 of 283) were axon terminals, and 2.5% (7 of 283) were myelinated axons. No immunostained neuron bodies were found in the present study; 109 mu-opioid receptor immunoreactive dendrites received synapses (56.5%, 109 of 193) from nonimmunoreactive (84.4%, 92 of 109) or immunoreactive (15.6%, 17 of 109) axon terminals, whereas 84 dendrites (43.5%, 84 of 193) were found without receiving synapses. The present study shows that the mu-opioid receptor in the area postrema plays a role mainly at the synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Coste A, Lefaucheur JP, Wang QP, Lesprit E, Poron F, Peynegre R, Escudier E. Expression of the transforming growth factor beta isoforms in inflammatory cells of nasal polyps. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1998; 124:1361-6. [PMID: 9865759 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.124.12.1361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the expression and the potential role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) in nasal polyposis. DESIGN Comparison of TGF-beta expression between normal and inflammatory nasal mucosa and polyps; in inflammatory nasal polyps, characterization of the TGF-beta isoforms expression and their potential location in macrophages and eosinophils. SETTING Patients and samples were selected at the Hôpital Intercommunal, Créteil, France, and immunohistochemistry and immunoblots were performed at the Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U296 (Universite Paris XII, France). SUBJECTS Nasal polyps and nasal mucosa were sampled in 21 patients during ethmoidectomy, and muscosa was sampled in 6 healthy patients during rhinoplasty. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were performed using specific antibodies to TGF-beta1-3, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3 isoforms. Double labeling was also performed using anti-TGF-beta1 antibody together with macrophages or eosinophil-specific antibodies. RESULTS The expression of TGF-beta(1-3) was significantly higher in inflammatory nasal polyps than in inflammatory nasal mucosa and higher in inflammatory nasal mucosa than in nasal mucosa from healthy patients. Transforming growth factor beta1 was the main isoform detected in inflammatory nasal polyps, and it was present in numerous macrophages and in some eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Transforming growth factor beta, mainly TGF-beta1, is strongly expressed in inflammatory nasal mucosa, where it could be produced by macrophages and eosinophils. Transforming growth factor beta could induce epithelium and connective tissue modifications and therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coste
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Hôpital Intercommunal and Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Henri Mondor de Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unite U 296, Faculty o
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Abstract
A pre-embedding double immunostaining technique was used to determine the role of beta-endorphin in synapse, particularly in neurons with a postsynaptic membrane containing micro-1 or delta-1 opioid receptors. A small number of beta-endorphin immunoreactive axon terminals in the dorsal raphe nucleus was found to make direct synapses on micro-1 or delta-1 opioid receptor-immunoreactive dendrites, some of which showed immunostaining of their postsynaptic membranes, although with low frequencies. These results suggest that beta-endorphin can play a direct role through the micro-1 or delta-1 opioid receptors at synapses, but the main route would be through other opioid receptor at the synapse or even not through the synapse.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/ultrastructure
- Presynaptic Terminals/ultrastructure
- Raphe Nuclei/chemistry
- Raphe Nuclei/cytology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/analysis
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/analysis
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/metabolism
- Synapses/ultrastructure
- beta-Endorphin/analysis
- beta-Endorphin/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang QP, Guan JL, Ochiai H, Nakai Y. An electron microscopic observation of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter-immunoreactive fibers in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Brain Res Bull 1998; 46:555-61. [PMID: 9744294 DOI: 10.1016/s0361-9230(98)00061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
By using immunocytochemistry with an antibody directed against the vesicular acetylcholine transporter, many cholinergic neuronal processes were found to be immunopositive in the dorsal raphe nucleus. At the electron microscopic level, most of these processes were found to be axons. The immunopositive axon terminals made synapses on immunonegative dendrites and their spines whereas rare synapses were found between the immunopositive axon terminals and the immunonegative neuronal perikarya. Occasionally, the dendrites postsynaptic to an immunopositive axon terminal also received a synapse from an immunonegative axon terminal. The synapses made by the immunopositive axon terminals were usually symmetric and had a short active zone. Fewer immunostained dendrites were found, and they usually received asymmetric synapses from nonimmunostained axon terminals. The existence of cholinergic axon terminals and the synapses made by these terminals support the physiological data indicating that acetylcholine plays a role in the pain inhibition system in the dorsal raphe nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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31
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Abstract
A simple pre-embedding avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique was used to study the ultrastructural localization of mu-1 opioid receptor in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus. Using low concentrations of the first antiserum for incubation with a short reaction time to 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, the immunostaining was faint at the light microscopic level. However, at the electron microscopic level strong immunoreaction was observed. Mu-1 opioid receptors were found to be localized on the postsynaptic membrane of dendrites, extra-synaptic plasma membrane, and the surface of the small, clear vesicles in axon terminals. Of the total 407 immunopositive profiles observed, 76.4% (311/407) were dendrites and 18.9% (77/407) were axon terminals. The immunostained myelinated axons and perikarya were relatively rare, with frequencies of 1.0% (4/407) and 3.7% (15/407), respectively. About 50.8% of the immunopositive dendrites (158/311) were immunostained having their MOR-LI results beneath the postsynaptic membrane, although about 19.6% of them (31/158) also exhibited MOR-LI on other components, including the extrasynaptic plasma membrane. Other immunopositive dendrites showed staining in some other contents, including extrasynaptic plasma membrane (82/311, 26.4%) or not on the plasma membranes (71/311, 22.8%). Less than half of the immunopositive axon terminals (35/77, 45.5%) were found to make synapses with nonimmunoreactive dendrites (31/77, 40.3%) or immunopositive dendrites (4/77, 5.2%); none were found to make synapses with immunoreactive perikarya. The present study shows that mu-1 opioid receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus plays a role at both synapse or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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32
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Abstract
The ultrastructural localization of delta-1 opioid receptor in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus was studied by the preembedding avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. With application of a low concentration of the first antiserum in incubation and control of short-time reaction to 3,3'-diaminobenzidine, the immunoreaction seemed to be faint at the light microscopic level. At the electron microscopic level, however, delta-1 opioid receptor immunoreaction products were found to be localized specifically on the postsynaptic membrane of dendrites, dense-cored vesicles, and the surface of the small, clear vesicles in axon terminals with strong immunoreactivity. Of the total 659 immunopositive profiles observed, up to 62.4% (411/659) were dendrites, whereas 33.8% (223/659) were axon terminals. The immunostained myelinated axons and perikarya were relatively rare, with the frequencies 0.8% (5/659) and 3.0% (20/659), respectively. Most of the immunopositive dendrites (338/411, 82.2%) were immunostained only at the postsynaptic membranes. Other immunoreactive dendrites showed their immunoreaction products also in some other contents besides the postsynaptic membranes (44/411, 10.7%) or only in those contents but not the postsynaptic membranes (25/411, 6.1%). Only four dendrites showed their immunoreactive results only at the membrane not related to synapse (4/267, 1.0%). No dendrite was found immunostained in all the contents. About half of the immunopositive axon terminals (125/223, 56.1%) were found to make synapse with nonimmunoreactive dendrites (76/223, 34.1%) or immunoreactive dendrites (49/223, 22.0%), while only one was found to make contact with immunoreactive perikarya. The present study showed that delta-1 opioid receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus is mostly localized on postsynaptic membrane; the main function of the delta-1 receptor in the dorsal raphe nucleus is to receive signals from the opioid-containing axon terminals through synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang QP, Escudier E, Roudot-Thoraval F, Abd-Al Samad I, Peynegre R, Coste A. Myofibroblast accumulation induced by transforming growth factor-beta is involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyps. Laryngoscope 1997; 107:926-31. [PMID: 9217133 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-199707000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts that express alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) are detected in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent inducer of myofibroblast accumulation in tissues. In this study, scattered myofibroblasts and TGF-beta were quantified and localized in nasal polyps (NPs) and normal nasal mucosa (NM). NPs were sampled in 16 patients during ethmoidectomy and NM was obtained from 10 control subjects during rhinoplasty. alpha-SMA and TGF-beta were detected using immunohistochemistry and the numbers of labeled cells were quantified (alpha-SMA and TGF-beta indices) and compared between NPs and NM. In eight NPs, in which the pedicle was preserved, alpha-SMA and TGF-beta were evaluated and compared in the pedicle, central, and tip areas. Finally, TGF-beta expression was compared between low (zone 1), moderate (zone 2), and high (zone 3) zones of alpha-SMA positivity. alpha-SMA and TGF-beta indices were significantly higher in NPs than in NM. In the eight selected NPs, alpha-SMA-positive cells were significantly more abundant in the pedicle than in the central and tip areas, whereas TGF-beta-positive cells were significantly more numerous in the pedicle than in the tip area. The number of TGF-beta-positive cells was significantly higher in zone 3 than in zone 1 of alpha-SMA positivity. Myofibroblasts, which are abundant in NPs but rare in NM, could be involved in the growth of NPs by inducing extracellular matrix accumulation. The local development of myofibroblasts in NPs could be controlled by TGF-beta, locally produced by inflammatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Service d'ORL et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Hôpitaux Intercommunal et Henri Mondor de Créteil, Université Paris XII, France
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This case report illustrates three patients with extraforaminal disc herniation in the lumbar spine. OBJECTIVES Treatment consisted of discectomy through an intertransverse approach. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA The surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation has been well studied and reported in the literature. Laminectomy, foraminotomy, and facetectomy have traditionally been used for extraforaminal disc herniation. Intertransverse discectomy used in these three patients confirms the benefits of this approach. SURGICAL METHOD A midline incision was made, and the paraspinous muscles on the affected side were detached to expose the appropriate laminae, facets, transverse processes, and intertransverse ligament. After resecting the ligament and retracting the compressed spinal nerve outside the facet, the nucleus pulposus was removed. RESULTS Postoperative results were satisfactory. Weakness and low back and leg pain disappeared rapidly. The three patients returned to work 2-3 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS The patho-anatomical characteristic of the entity is compression of the spinal nerve outside the foramen. Intertransverse discectomy is a rational technique-its advantages are that the spinal canal is not opened, spine stability is maintained, and multiple disc herniation can be managed through a single posterior midline incision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
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35
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Abstract
The ultrastructural localization of delta-1-opioid-receptor in the rat area postrema was quantitatively studied by pre-embedding avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex technique. Most of the immunoreactive profiles (67.4%) observed in the present study were axon terminals, whereas the immunopositive dendrites were less (28.3%). Within the axon terminals, the immunoreactivity was found stronger in the dense-cored vesicles than in the small, clear, and round vesicles. Almost 2/3 of the DOR-1 immunoreactive axon terminals had DAB reacted dense-cored vesicles. About half of the immunopositive axon terminals were found to make synapse to dendrites. The dendrites postsynaptic to DOR-1 immunoreactive axon terminals were identified as DOR-1 immunoreactive or not, mainly according to the immunoreactive appearance of the postsynaptic membrane. About half of the DOR-1 immunoreactive dendrites were observed to receive synapse: most of them have their immunoreactivity results at the postsynaptic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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36
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Abstract
A double immunocytochemical method combining the preembedding avidin biotin peroxidase complex technique and the postembedding immunogold technique was used to examine synaptic interactions between GABAergic and nitric oxide synthase containing neurons in the same tissue sections of the dorsal raphe nucleus of the Wistar white rat. Although a large number of immunogold stained GABAergic axon terminals were found to be presynaptic to dendrites containing nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreaction product, synapses between GABA-like immunoreactive axon terminals and nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactive perikarya were rare. The labeled boutons were found to make symmetrical and asymmetrical synapses. No axo-axonic synapse was found. These results suggest that GABAergic neurons could modulate nitric oxide producing neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus through direct synaptic relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Wang QP, Nakai Y. A new fixation procedure for study of the histaminergic neurons by immunoelectron microscopy using the direct antiserum against histamine. Biotech Histochem 1996; 71:311-6. [PMID: 8957559 DOI: 10.3109/10520299609117181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A new perfusion protocol was developed to detect histamine-like immunoreactive neurons at the electron microscopic level. By stepwise perfusion of 1-ethyl-3(3-diamethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide and paraformaldehyde solutions, the brain block could be cut with a vibratome and the immunoreactivity could be detected using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex method. We used this method to study the ultrastructure and synaptic relations of the histaminergic neurons in the postmammillary caudal magnocellular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. This method should also be useful for examination of histaminergic neurons in other tissues and the synaptic relations of histaminergic neurons with other neurotransmitter-containing neurons by double immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Wang QP, Guan JL, Nakai Y. Electron microscopic study of GABAergic synaptic innervation of neurotensin-immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Brain Res 1996; 730:118-24. [PMID: 8883895 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(96)00442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A double immunocytochemical method combining the preembedding avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex technique and the postembedding immunogold technique was used to examine synaptic interactions between GABAergic and neurotensin-containing neurons in the same tissue sections of the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat. Whereas the neurotensin-like immunoreactive perikarya rarely received synapses from GABA-like immunostaining axon terminals, the neurotensin-like immunoreactive dendrites frequently received synapses from GABA-like immunoreactive neurons. These results suggest that GABAergic neurons could modulate neurotensinergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus through synaptic relations. The immunocytochemically identified local synaptic circuit in the dorsal raphe was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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39
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Coste A, Wang QP, Roudot-Thoraval F, Chapelin C, Bedbeder P, Poron F, Peynègre R, Escudier E. Epithelial cell proliferation in nasal polyps could be up-regulated by platelet-derived growth factor. Laryngoscope 1996; 106:578-83. [PMID: 8628084 DOI: 10.1097/00005537-199605000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The modifications of epithelial differentiation and proliferation observed in nasal polyps (NP) could be related to local secretion of growth factors, among which platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) could play a key role. We therefore prospectively studied, by immunohistochemistry, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, an S-phase cell marker), PDGF, and CD-68 (activated macrophages marker) expression in NP and inferior turbinate mucosa (NM) in 11 patients. Our data show that PCNA and PDGF expression are increased in NP epithelium, while CD-68 expression is increased in NP epithelium and lamina propria when compared to NM. Increased local PDGF secretion by numerous activated macrophages could therefore be involved in epithelial cell proliferation up-regulation in NP. PDGF could also be involved in the pathogenesis of NP via its connective tissue remodeling actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Coste
- Service d'ORL et de Chirurgue Cervico-Faciale, Hôpitaux Henri Mondor et Intercommunal de Créteil, France
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40
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Abstract
A preembedding double immunostaining technique was used to study synaptic relations between enkephalin-like immunoreactive and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons in the rat area postrema. Enkephalin-like immunoreactive neuronal perikarya and dendrites were found to receive synapses from dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactive axon terminals. Synapses were also found between the same dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-like immunoreactive neurons. Compared with our previous study, the present results provide morphological evidence that dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons have different synaptic relations with enkephalinergic neurons, suggesting that physiological functions, especially those related to enkephalinergic neurons, may be different from each other in the area postrema.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Guan JL, Wang QP, Shioda S, Ochiai H, Nakai Y. GABAergic synaptic innervation of catecholaminergic neurons in the area postrema of the rat. Acta Anat (Basel) 1996; 156:46-52. [PMID: 8960298 DOI: 10.1159/000147827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunoelectron microscopy using the preembedding double immunostaining technique was applied to examine synaptic relationships between gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons and catecholaminergic neurons in the area postrema of the rat. The catecholaminergic neuronal somata received only a few synapses from GABAergic axon terminals, whereas the catecholaminergic dendrites received many synapses from GABAergic axon terminals. Most of the synapses were symmetrical. GABAergic axon terminals could be found presynaptically to two catecholaminergic dendrites or both catecholaminergic and nonimmunoreactive dendrites. Conversely, a few catecholaminergic axon terminals were found presynaptically to GABAergic dendrites although such synapses were few. These findings suggest that in the area postrema, GABAergic neurons may modulate the functions of catecholaminergic neurons and may also be influenced by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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42
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Wang QP, Nakai Y. Immunoelectron microscopy of beta-endorphinergic synaptic innervation of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Brain Res 1995; 684:185-93. [PMID: 7583221 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00418-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the comparing of the distribution of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive neuronal fibres and nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactive neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus, the synapses between the two immunocytochemically identified neurons were studied with a modified DAB-silver-gold intensification double immunostaining technique at the electron microscopic level. Although both of them can be found in the mediodorsal and medioventral parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus, the synapses between them could only be found in the mediodorsal part. The majority of the beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive neuronal fibers contained many dense-cored vesicles. The synapses made by beta-endorphin-like immunoreactive neuronal axon terminals on nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactive neurons were both symmetrical and asymmetrical with the former predominant, especially in the axo-dendritic ones. beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactive perikarya could only be found in the ventrobasal hypothalamus. These findings suggest the possibility that the beta-endorphin- producing neurons in the ventrobasal hypothalamus could influence nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus by synaptic relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Abstract
A preembedding, double immunostaining technique was used to study synaptic relations between enkephalinergic and GABAergic neurons in the area postrema of the rat. As a main result, the enkephalinergic dendrites received many synapses from GABAergic axon terminals, and most of the synapses were symmetrical. Enkephalinergic neuronal perikarya received a few synapses from GABAergic axon terminals, and a few enkephalinergic axon terminals were found presynaptic to GABAergic neurons. Synapses between enkephalinergic profiles were frequent, but no axo-axonic synapses were seen. These findings suggest that GABAergic innervation of enkephalinergic neurons is the main relation between the two kinds of neurons in the area postrema. The synapses between the enkephalinergic axon terminals and GABAergic neurons might be explained as being part of the local servo system of the area postrema.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Abstract
Anti-nitric oxide synthase antibody was used to study the distribution, cytoarchitecture, and synaptic relations of nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactive neurons in the whole rostral-caudal length of the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat and compared them with serotonergic neurons. Results showed that the distribution of the nitric oxide synthase in the dorsal raphe nucleus was similar to that of the serotonergic neurons at the rostral part of the dorsal raphe nucleus, including the mediodorsal and the medioventral cell groups, and changed at the middle and caudal parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus. The cytoarchitecture of the nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactive neurons in the medioventral cell group of the dorsal raphe nucleus was similar to that of the serotonergic neurons. Similar to the serotonergic neurons there, nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactive neurons also received synapses from axon terminals that contained round, or flattened vesicles, or both kinds. Different to the serotonergic neurons, the few nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactive axon terminals that were in this area formed synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Guan JL, Wang QP, Shioda S, Ochiai H, Nakai Y. The reciprocal synaptic relations between enkephalinergic neurons and catecholaminergic neurons in the area postrema. Brain Res Bull 1995; 38:461-6. [PMID: 8665270 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(95)02016-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A preembedding double immunostaining technique using antibodies against methionine-enkephalin and tyrosine hydroxylase was used to study synaptic relations between enkephalinergic and catecholaminergic neurons in the area postrema of the rat at the electron microscopic level. The large nuclei-containing cell bodies of the catecholaminergic neurons displayed well-developed Golgi apparatus. The catecholaminergic somata and dendrites received synapses from enkephalinergic axon terminals, and most of the synapses were symmetrical. Occasionally, the catecholaminergic axon terminals were also found to be presynaptic to the enkephalinergic dendrites. Because the enkephalinergic neurons have been reported to be involved in cardiovascular function and the catecholaminergic neurons involved in the vomiting behavior, the synapses observed in this study may provide morphological evidence of the relationship between the vomiting and cardiovascular functions that are triggered in the area postrema.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Guan
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Abstract
The ultrastructure and synaptic relations of neurotensinergic neurons in the rat dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were examined. The neurotensin-like immunoreactive (NT-L1) neurons in the DRN were fusiform or spherical. The NT-LI perikarya could only be detected in colchicine-treated animals whereas the immunoreactive axon terminals could only be found in the animals not treated with colchicine. Although many NT-LI dendrites received synapses from nonimmunoreactive axon terminals, the NT-LI perikarya received few synapses. NT-LI axon terminals also made synapses on nonimmunoreactive dendrites. Occasionally, synapses were found between the NT-LI axon terminals and NT-LI dendrites in the cases in which the animals were not treated with colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Abstract
The pre-embedding double immunoreaction method was used to study synaptic relations of enkephalinergic and GABAergic neuronal elements in the ventrolateral part of the periaqueductal gray of the Wistar albino rat. The enkephalin-like neuronal elements were immunoreacted by the silver-gold intensified peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and the GABA-like immunoreactive neurons were immunoreacted by the unintensified peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. GABA-like immunoreactive neuronal somata were post-synaptic to both the enkephalin-like immunoreactive and the non-immunoreactive axon terminals. Enkephalin-like immunoreactive axon terminals were found to make synapses with GABA-like immunoreactive and non-immunoreactive dendrites. The synapses between the two kinds of chemically characterized neurons appeared to be both asymmetrical and symmetrical. Possible functional activity related to pain modulation, and synaptic relations between the enkephalinergic and GABAergic neurons in the periaqueductal gray and the dorsal raphe nucleus, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Abstract
The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is an important nucleus in pain modulation. It has abundant 5-HT neurons and many other neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator containing neurons. Its vast fiber connections to other parts of the central nervous system provide a morphological basis for its pain modulating function. Its descending projections, via the nucleus raphe magnus or directly, modulate the responses caused by noxious stimulation of the spinal dorsal horn neurons. In ascending projections, it directly modulates the responses of pain sensitive neurons in the thalamus. It can also be involved in analgesia effects induced by the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Neurophysiologic and neuropharmacologic results suggest that 5-HT neurons and ENKergic neurons in the DRN are pain inhibitory, and GABA neurons are the opposite. The studies of the intrinsic synapses between ENKergic neurons, GABAergic neurons, and 5-HT neurons within the DRN throw light on their relations in pain modulation functions, and further explain their functions in pain mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical University, China
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49
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Abstract
The preembedding double immunoreaction method was used to study interrelations of enkephalinergic and GABAergic neuronal elements in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the Wistar albino rat. The enkephalin-like neuronal elements were immunoreacted by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and silver-gold intensified, which showed strongly and was specific. The GABA-like immunoreactive neurons were immunoreacted by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method only. GABA-like neural somata were postsynaptic to both the enkephalin-like immunoreactive and the non-immunoreactive axon terminals. The enkephalin-like immunoreactive axon terminals were also found to synapse GABA-like immunoreactive dendrites. The GABA-like immunoreactive neuronal elements were also found to receive synapses from other non-immunoreactive as well as GABA-like immunoreactive axon terminals. Almost all of the synapses appeared to be asymmetrical. Possible functional activity of interactions among the enkephalinergic, GABAergic, and serotonergic neuronal elements in the dorsal raphe nucleus are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical University, China
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Wang QP, Ochiai H, Nakai Y. GABAergic innervation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat studied by electron microscopy double immunostaining. Brain Res Bull 1992; 29:943-8. [PMID: 1473026 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(92)90169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A double immunocytochemical method combining the preembedding PAP technique and the postembedding immunogold technique was used to examine interactions between GABAergic and serotonergic neurons in the same tissue sections of the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat. A large number of immunogold stained GABAergic axon terminals were found to be presynaptic to strongly PAP immunostained serotonergic perikarya and dendrites. The types of synapses were mostly symmetrical although a few asymmetrical ones were also found. No axo-axonic synapse between the GABAergic axon terminals and the serotonergic neuronal profiles was found. These results suggest that GABAergic neurons could modulate serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus through synaptic relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q P Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical University, China
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