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Krolopp Á, Fésűs L, Szipőcs G, Wikonkál N, Szipőcs R. A 20 MHz Repetition Rate, Sub-Picosecond Ti-Sapphire Laser for Fiber Delivery in Nonlinear Microscopy of the Skin. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:231. [PMID: 38398740 PMCID: PMC10889949 DOI: 10.3390/life14020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy (NM) enables us to investigate the morphology or monitor the physiological processes of the skin through the use of ultrafast lasers. Fiber (or fiber-coupled) lasers are of great interest because they can easily be combined with a handheld, scanning nonlinear microscope. This latter feature greatly increases the utility of NM for pre-clinical applications and in vivo tissue imaging. Here, we present a fiber-coupled, sub-ps Ti-sapphire laser system being optimized for in vivo, stain-free, 3D imaging of skin alterations with a low thermal load of the skin. The laser is pumped by a low-cost, 2.1 W, 532 nm pump laser and delivers 0.5-1 ps, high-peak-power pulses at a ~20 MHz repetition rate. The spectral bandwidth of the laser is below 2 nm, which results in a low sensitivity for dispersion during fiber delivery. The reduction in the peak intensity due to the increased pulse duration is compensated by the lower repetition rate of our laser. In our proof-of-concept imaging experiments, a ~1.8 m long, commercial hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber was used for fiber delivery. Fresh and frozen skin biopsies of different skin alterations (e.g., adult hemangioma, basal cell cancer) and an unaffected control were used for high-quality, two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (2PEF) and second-harmonic generation (SHG) z-stack (3D) imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Krolopp
- HUN-REN Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd., Konkoly-Thege Street 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Fésűs
- HUN-REN Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária Street 41, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szipőcs
- HUN-REN Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd., Konkoly-Thege Street 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Wikonkál
- HUN-REN Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Mária Street 41, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- HUN-REN Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd., Konkoly-Thege Street 29-33, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Fésűs L, Plázár D, Kolonics A, Martin L, Wikonkál N, Medvecz M, Szipőcs R. Low concentration Phloxine B staining for high chemical contrast, nonlinear microscope mosaic imaging of skin alterations in pseudoxanthoma elasticum. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:252-261. [PMID: 35154868 PMCID: PMC8803028 DOI: 10.1364/boe.443507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by ectopic mineralization of soft connective tissue. Histopathology findings include fragmented, mineralized elastic fibers and calcium deposits in the mid-dermis. Nonlinear microscopy (NLM) can be used for visualization of these histopathological alterations of the mid-dermis in PXE-affected skin sections. Upon introducing a normalized 3D color vector representation of emission spectra of three of the main tissue components (collagen, elastin and calcification) we found that due to their broad, overlapping emission spectra, spectral separation of emission from elastin and calcification is practically impossible in fresh-frozen or unstained, deparaffinized PXE sections. However, we found that the application of a low concentration Phloxine B staining after the deparaffinization process creates an imaging contrast for these two tissue components, which enables spectral decomposition of their fluorescence images. The obtained concentration maps for calcium deposits can be well suited for the determination of illness severity by quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Fésűs
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D. Plázár
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Kolonics
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - L. Martin
- PXE Reference Center (MAGEC Nord), Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - N. Wikonkál
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M. Medvecz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - R. Szipőcs
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Cserép C, Pósfai B, Lénárt N, Fekete R, László ZI, Lele Z, Orsolits B, Molnár G, Heindl S, Schwarcz AD, Ujvári K, Környei Z, Tóth K, Szabadits E, Sperlágh B, Baranyi M, Csiba L, Hortobágyi T, Maglóczky Z, Martinecz B, Szabó G, Erdélyi F, Szipőcs R, Tamkun MM, Gesierich B, Duering M, Katona I, Liesz A, Tamás G, Dénes Á. Microglia monitor and protect neuronal function through specialized somatic purinergic junctions. Science 2019; 367:528-537. [PMID: 31831638 DOI: 10.1126/science.aax6752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the main immune cells in the brain and have roles in brain homeostasis and neurological diseases. Mechanisms underlying microglia-neuron communication remain elusive. Here, we identified an interaction site between neuronal cell bodies and microglial processes in mouse and human brain. Somatic microglia-neuron junctions have a specialized nanoarchitecture optimized for purinergic signaling. Activity of neuronal mitochondria was linked with microglial junction formation, which was induced rapidly in response to neuronal activation and blocked by inhibition of P2Y12 receptors. Brain injury-induced changes at somatic junctions triggered P2Y12 receptor-dependent microglial neuroprotection, regulating neuronal calcium load and functional connectivity. Thus, microglial processes at these junctions could potentially monitor and protect neuronal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Cserép
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Pósfai
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Lénárt
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rebeka Fekete
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia I László
- Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Lele
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barbara Orsolits
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Molnár
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Steffanie Heindl
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anett D Schwarcz
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katinka Ujvári
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Környei
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Tóth
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Szentágothai János Doctoral School of Neuroscience, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Szabadits
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Sperlágh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Baranyi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Csiba
- MTA-DE Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Research Group, Department of Neurology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, SESAM, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Zsófia Maglóczky
- Human Brain Research Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Martinecz
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Erdélyi
- Medical Gene Technology Unit, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael M Tamkun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - István Katona
- Momentum Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arthur Liesz
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Gábor Tamás
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dénes
- Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
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Kiss N, Haluszka D, Lőrincz K, Gyöngyösi N, Bozsányi S, Bánvölgyi A, Szipőcs R, Wikonkál N. Quantitative Analysis on Ex Vivo Nonlinear Microscopy Images of Basal Cell Carcinoma Samples in Comparison to Healthy Skin. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1015-1021. [PMID: 29981012 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in the Caucasian population. There are several therapeutic options for BCC, but surgical excision is considered gold standard treatment. As BCCs often have poorly defined borders, the clinical assessment of the tumor margins can be challenging. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for efficient in vivo imaging techniques for the evaluation of tumor borders prior to and during surgeries. In the near future, nonlinear microscopy techniques might meet this demand. We measured the two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) signal of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydride (NADH) and elastin and second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of collagen on 10 ex vivo healthy control and BCC skin samples and compared the images by different quantitative image analysis methods. These included integrated optical density (IOD) measurements on TPEF and SHG images and application of fast Fourier transform (FFT), CT-FIRE and CurveAlign algorithms on SHG images to evaluate the collagen structure. In the BCC samples, we found significantly lower IOD of both the TPEF and SHG signals and higher collagen orientation index utilizing FFT. CT-FIRE algorithm revealed increased collagen fiber length and decreased fiber angle while CurveAlign detected higher fiber alignment of collagen fibers in BCC. These results are in line with previous findings which describe pronounced changes in the collagen structure of BCC. In the future, these novel image analysis methods could be integrated in handheld nonlinear microscope systems, for sensitive and specific identification of BCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kiss
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Haluszka
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kende Lőrincz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Gyöngyösi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Bozsányi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Bánvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, H-1525, Hungary. .,R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, Budapest, H-1539, Hungary.
| | - Norbert Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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5
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Kiss N, Haluszka D, Lőrincz K, Kuroli E, Hársing J, Mayer B, Kárpáti S, Fekete G, Szipőcs R, Wikonkál N, Medvecz M. Ex vivo nonlinear microscopy imaging of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-affected skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:463-473. [PMID: 29725758 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is the name for a heterogenous group of rare genetic connective tissue disorders with an overall incidence of 1 in 5000. The histological characteristics of EDS have been previously described in detail in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Since that time, the classification of EDS has undergone significant changes, yet the description of the histological features of collagen morphology in different EDS subtypes has endured the test of time. Nonlinear microscopy techniques can be utilized for non-invasive in vivo label-free imaging of the skin. Among these techniques, two-photon absorption fluorescence (TPF) microscopy can visualize endogenous fluorophores, such as elastin, while the morphology of collagen fibers can be assessed by second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. In our present work, we performed TPF and SHG microscopy imaging on ex vivo skin samples of one patient with classical EDS and two patients with vascular EDS and two healthy controls. We detected irregular, loosely dispersed collagen fibers in a non-parallel arrangement in the dermis of the EDS patients, while as expected, there was no noticeable impairment in the elastin content. Based on further studies on a larger number of patients, in vivo nonlinear microscopic imaging could be utilized for the assessment of the skin status of EDS patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.,Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Haluszka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.,Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kende Lőrincz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kuroli
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Judit Hársing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Balázs Mayer
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - György Fekete
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary.,R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, Budapest, 1539, Hungary
| | - Norbert Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Márta Medvecz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
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6
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Lőrincz K, Haluszka D, Kiss N, Gyöngyösi N, Bánvölgyi A, Szipőcs R, Wikonkál NM. Voluntary exercise improves murine dermal connective tissue status in high-fat diet-induced obesity. Arch Dermatol Res 2017; 309:209-215. [PMID: 28180933 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-017-1715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for several cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Its influence on the skin is less obvious, yet certain negative effects of adipose tissue inflammation on the dermis have been suggested. Excess weight is closely associated with sedentary behavior, so any increase in physical activity is considered beneficial against obesity. To investigate the effects of obesity and physical exercise on the skin, we established a mouse model in which mice were kept either on a high-fat diet or received standard chow. After the two groups achieved a significant weight difference, physical exercise was introduced to both. Animals were given the opportunity to perform voluntary exercise for 40 min daily in a hamster wheel for a period of 8 weeks. We evaluated the status of the dermis at the beginning and at the end of the exercise period by in vivo nonlinear microscopy. Obese mice kept on high-fat diet lost weight steadily after they started to exercise. In the high-fat diet group, we could detect significantly larger adipocytes and a thicker layer of subcutaneous tissue; both changes started to normalize after exercise. Nonlinear microscopy revealed an impaired collagen structure in obese mice that improved considerably after physical activity was introduced. With the ability to detect damage on collagen structure, we set out to address the question whether this process is reversible. With the use of a novel imaging method, we were able to show the reversibility of connective tissue deterioration as a benefit of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kende Lőrincz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Dóra Haluszka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.,Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kiss
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.,Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Gyöngyösi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - András Bánvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary.,R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert M Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 41 Mária Street, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
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7
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Haluszka D, Lőrincz K, Kiss N, Szipőcs R, Kuroli E, Gyöngyösi N, Wikonkál NM. Diet-induced obesity skin changes monitored by in vivo SHG and ex vivo CARS microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:4480-4489. [PMID: 27895989 PMCID: PMC5119589 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Obesity related metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes have severe consequences on our skin. Latest developments in nonlinear microscopy allow the use of noninvasive, label free imaging methods, such as second harmonic generation (SHG) and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), for early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome-related skin complications by 3D imaging of the skin and the connective tissue. Our aim was to study effects of various types of diet-induced obesity in mice using these methods. We examined mice on different diets for 32 weeks. The collagen morphology was evaluated four times in vivo by SHG microscopy, and adipocytes were examined once at the end of experiment by ex vivo CARS method. A strong correlation was found between the body weight and the adipocyte size, while we found that the SHG intensity of dermal collagen reduces considerably with increasing body weight. Obese mice on high-fat diet showed worse results than those on high-fat - high-fructose diet. Animals on high-fructose diet did not gain more weight than those on ordinary diet despite of the increased calorie intake, but their collagen damage was nonetheless significant. Obesity and high sugar intake damages the skin, mainly the dermal connective tissue and subcutaneous adipose tissue, which efficiently can be monitored by in vivo SHG and ex vivo CARS microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Haluszka
- Semmelweis University, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kende Lőrincz
- Semmelweis University, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kiss
- Semmelweis University, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP, Budapest, Hungary
- R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Kuroli
- Semmelweis University, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Gyöngyösi
- Semmelweis University, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert M. Wikonkál
- Semmelweis University, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Krolopp Á, Csákányi A, Haluszka D, Csáti D, Vass L, Kolonics A, Wikonkál N, Szipőcs R. Handheld nonlinear microscope system comprising a 2 MHz repetition rate, mode-locked Yb-fiber laser for in vivo biomedical imaging. Biomed Opt Express 2016; 7:3531-3542. [PMID: 27699118 PMCID: PMC5030030 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel, Yb-fiber laser based, handheld 2PEF/SHG microscope imaging system is introduced. It is suitable for in vivo imaging of murine skin at an average power level as low as 5 mW at 200 kHz sampling rate. Amplified and compressed laser pulses having a spectral bandwidth of 8 to 12 nm at around 1030 nm excite the biological samples at a ~1.89 MHz repetition rate, which explains how the high quality two-photon excitation fluorescence (2PEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) images are obtained at the average power level of a laser pointer. The scanning, imaging and detection head, which comprises a conventional microscope objective for beam focusing, has a physical length of ~180 mm owing to the custom designed imaging telescope system between the laser scanner mirrors and the entrance aperture of the microscope objective. Operation of the all-fiber, all-normal dispersion Yb-fiber ring laser oscillator is electronically controlled by a two-channel polarization controller for Q-switching free mode-locked operation. The whole nonlinear microscope imaging system has the main advantages of the low price of the fs laser applied, fiber optics flexibility, a relatively small, light-weight scanning and detection head, and a very low risk of thermal or photochemical damage of the skin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Krolopp
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Csákányi
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Haluszka
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Csáti
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Vass
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Wigner RCP, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
- R & D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, P.O. Box 622, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
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9
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Haluszka D, Lőrincz K, Molnár G, Tamás G, Kolonics A, Szipőcs R, Kárpáti S, Wikonkál NM. In vivo second-harmonic generation and ex vivo coherent anti-stokes raman scattering microscopy to study the effect of obesity to fibroblast cell function using an Yb-fiber laser-based CARS extension unit. Microsc Res Tech 2015. [PMID: 26208320 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear microscopy techniques are being increasingly used to perform in vivo studies in dermatology. These methods enable us to investigate the morphology and monitor the physiological process in the skin by the use of femtosecond lasers operating in the red, near-infrared spectral range (680-1,300 nm). In this work we used two different techniques that require no labeling: second harmonic generation (SHG) for collagen detection and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) to assess lipid distribution in genetically obese murine skin. Obesity is one of the most serious public health problems due to its high and increasing prevalence and the associated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Other than these diseases, nearly half of patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from dermatological complications such as delayed wound healing, foot ulcers and several other skin changes. In our experiment we investigated and followed the effects of obesity on dermal collagen alterations and adipocyte enlargement using a technique not reported in the literature so far. Our results indicate that the in vivo SHG and ex vivo CARS imaging technique might be an important tool for diagnosis of diabetes-related skin disorders in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Haluszka
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University Hungary, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Applied and Nonlinear Optics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kende Lőrincz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Molnár
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tamás
- MTA-SZTE Research Group for Cortical Microcircuits, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Kolonics
- Department of Applied and Nonlinear Optics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Budapest, Hungary.,R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Department of Applied and Nonlinear Optics, Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Budapest, Hungary.,R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert M Wikonkál
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Kolonics A, Csiszovszki Z, Tőke ER, Lőrincz O, Haluszka D, Szipőcs R. In vivostudy of targeted nanomedicine delivery into Langerhans cells by multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:596-605. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kolonics
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP; Budapest Hungary
- R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd; Budapest Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Dóra Haluszka
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP; Budapest Hungary
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology; Semmelweis University Hungary; Budapest Hungary
| | - Róbert Szipőcs
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics of Wigner RCP; Budapest Hungary
- R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd; Budapest Hungary
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11
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Tőke ER, Lőrincz O, Csiszovszki Z, Somogyi E, Felföldi G, Molnár L, Szipőcs R, Kolonics A, Malissen B, Lori F, Trocio J, Bakare N, Horkay F, Romani N, Tripp CH, Stoitzner P, Lisziewicz J. Exploitation of Langerhans cells for in vivo DNA vaccine delivery into the lymph nodes. Gene Ther 2014; 21:566-74. [PMID: 24694539 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2014.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is no clinically available cancer immunotherapy that exploits Langerhans cells (LCs), the epidermal precursors of dendritic cells (DCs) that are the natural agent of antigen delivery. We developed a DNA formulation with a polymer and obtained synthetic 'pathogen-like' nanoparticles that preferentially targeted LCs in epidermal cultures. These nanoparticles applied topically under a patch-elicited robust immune responses in human subjects. To demonstrate the mechanism of action of this novel vaccination strategy in live animals, we assembled a high-resolution two-photon laser scanning-microscope. Nanoparticles applied on the native skin poorly penetrated and poorly induced LC motility. The combination of nanoparticle administration and skin treatment was essential both for efficient loading the vaccine into the epidermis and for potent activation of the LCs to migrate into the lymph nodes. LCs in the epidermis picked up nanoparticles and accumulated them in the nuclear region demonstrating an effective nuclear DNA delivery in vivo. Tissue distribution studies revealed that the majority of the DNA was targeted to the lymph nodes. Preclinical toxicity of the LC-targeting DNA vaccine was limited to mild and transient local erythema caused by the skin treatment. This novel, clinically proven LC-targeting DNA vaccine platform technology broadens the options on DC-targeting vaccines to generate therapeutic immunity against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Tőke
- Genetic Immunity Kft, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | - O Lőrincz
- Genetic Immunity Kft, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - E Somogyi
- Genetic Immunity Kft, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Felföldi
- Genetic Immunity Kft, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | - L Molnár
- Genetic Immunity Kft, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary
| | - R Szipőcs
- 1] Wigner RCP of HAS, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary [2] R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A Kolonics
- 1] Wigner RCP of HAS, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary [2] R&D Ultrafast Lasers Ltd, H-1539 Budapest, Hungary
| | - B Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM U1104, CNRS UMR7280, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - F Lori
- Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy (RIGHT), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Trocio
- Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy (RIGHT), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Bakare
- Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy (RIGHT), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F Horkay
- Section on Tissue Biophysics and Biomimetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Romani
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - C H Tripp
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Grósz T, Kovács AP, Kiss M, Szipőcs R. Measurement of higher order chromatic dispersion in a photonic bandgap fiber: comparative study of spectral interferometric methods. Appl Opt 2014; 53:1929-1937. [PMID: 24663472 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.001929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chromatic dispersion of a 37 cm long, solid-core photonic bandgap (PBG) fiber was studied in the wavelength range of 740-840 nm with spectral interferometry employing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and a high resolution spectrometer. The interferometer was illuminated by a Ti:sapphire laser providing 20 fs pulses. A comparative study has been carried out to find the most accurate spectral phase retrieval method that is suitable for measuring higher order chromatic dispersion. The stationary phase point, the minima-maxima, the cosine function fit, the Fourier transform, and the windowed Fourier transform methods were tested. It was shown that out of these five techniques, the Fourier-transform method provided the dispersion coefficients with the highest accuracy, and it could also detect rapid phase changes in the vicinity of leaking mode frequencies within the transmission band of the PBG fiber.
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13
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Maák P, Veress M, Rózsa B, Szipőcs R, Richter P. Acousto-optic materials for special applications with ultra-short optical pulses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.201084120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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