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Witt P, Kroon L, Ankringa N, Delany M, Bruggen LWL, Boom R, Sloet van Oldruitenborgh‐Oosterbaan MM, Siegers EW. Squamous gastric ulceration complicated by gastric stenosis in a foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Witt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - L. Kroon
- Paardenpraktijk de Kroon Moerdijk The Netherlands
| | - N. Ankringa
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - M. Delany
- Department of Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - L. W. L. Bruggen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - R. Boom
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | | | - E. W. Siegers
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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2
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Abstract
The available time span for food product and process innovation is steadily decreasing, and to increase the efficacy of the development cycles, systematic design procedures can be used to develop new and to redesign existing processes. The Conceptual Process Design (CPD) methodologies used in chemical industry might also be applied in the food industry to rethink their systems and to break down the complexity of problems into several hierarchical levels. The Delft design matrix, a combination of the iterative design procedure, hierarchical decomposition and task driven methods, is a promising tool which can cover the different objectives and criteria of food design. This article analyzes the potential applicability of Delft Design Matrix as a CPD methodology for food process design and illustrates its functionality with the design of a bakery production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Hadiyanto
- Systems and Control Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science Wageningen University, PO BOX 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands,
| | - G. van Straten
- Systems and Control Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science Wageningen University, PO BOX 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - R. Boom
- Food Process Engineering Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science Wageningen University, PO BOX 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - A.J.B. van Boxtel
- Systems and Control Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science Wageningen University, PO BOX 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - D.C. Esveld
- Food Process Engineering Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Science Wageningen University, PO BOX 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Schutyser MA, Padding JT, Weber FJ, Briels WJ, Rinzema A, Boom R. Discrete particle simulations predicting mixing behavior of solid substrate particles in a rotating drum fermenter. Biotechnol Bioeng 2001; 75:666-75. [PMID: 11745144 DOI: 10.1002/bit.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A soft-sphere discrete particle model was used to simulate mixing behavior of solid substrate particles in a slow rotating drum for solid-state fermentation. In this approach, forces acting on and subsequent motion of individual particles can be predicted. The (2D) simulations were qualitatively and quantitatively validated by mixing experiments using video and image analysis techniques. It was found that the simulations successfully predicted the mixing progress as a function of the degree of filling and size of the drum. It is shown that only relatively large, straight baffles perpendicular to the drum wall (67% of the drum radius) increase the mixing performance of the rotating drum. Considering the different aspects of mixing dealt with in this work, it is concluded that the soft sphere discrete particle model can serve as a valuable tool for investigating mixing of solid substrate particles. Finally, it is expected that this model may evolve into a potential tool for design and scale-up of mixed solid-state fermenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Schutyser
- Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, PO Box 557, 6700 AN Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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4
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Rentenaar RJ, Gamadia LE, van der Hoek N, van Diepen FN, Boom R, Weel JF, van Lier RA, ten Berge IJ. CD4(+) T-cell dynamics in primary cytomegalovirus infection. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:2313-4. [PMID: 11377542 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)02004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Patients with disseminated herpes zoster may present with severe abdominal pain that results from visceral involvement of varicella-zoster-virus infection. In the absence of cutaneous eruptions of herpes zoster, visceral herpes zoster is extremely difficult to diagnose. This diagnostic difficulty has the potential to cause devastating delays in treatment. We report a case series of four patients with visceral herpes zoster in whom large concentrations of DNA from varicella zoster virus were detectable in blood by PCR before signs of infection appeared on the skin, thus enabling early diagnosis and treatment.
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Fluitman JHJ, Boom R, Chatel PFD, Schinkel CJ, Tilanus JLL, Vries BRD. Possible explanations for the low temperature resistivities of Ni3Al and Ni3Ga alloys in terms of spin density fluctuation theories. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/3/1/021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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7
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Beld M, Sentjens R, Rebers S, Weel J, Wertheim-van Dillen P, Sol C, Boom R. Detection and quantitation of hepatitis C virus RNA in feces of chronically infected individuals. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:3442-4. [PMID: 10970398 PMCID: PMC87401 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.9.3442-3444.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA was detected and quantified in human fecal specimens with the Roche COBAS AMPLICOR system adapted by us for fecal specimens. HCV RNA could be detected in the feces of four of six (67%) patients chronically infected with HCV, with loads up to about 2.8 x 10(5) copies/ml of feces. The same HCV genotypes were observed in feces and plasma as determined by direct sequencing of the 5' untranslated region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beld
- Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, Laboratory of Clinical Virology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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de Jong MD, Weel JF, Schuurman T, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Boom R. Quantitation of varicella-zoster virus DNA in whole blood, plasma, and serum by PCR and electrochemiluminescence. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:2568-2573. [PMID: 10878045 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.7.2568-2573.2000.pmid:10878045;pmcid:pmc86970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a highly sensitive assay for quantitation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA in blood, involving PCR amplification, solution hybridization with Tris-(2, 2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) chelate-labeled probes, and measurement by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Extraction and amplification efficiencies were monitored by the inclusion of internal control (IC) DNA, mimicking the VZV target, in the DNA extraction. Viral DNA load was calculated from the ratio of VZV and IC ECL signals. The lower limit of sensitivity was 20 VZV DNA copies/ml of plasma or serum and 80 copies/ml of whole blood. In reconstruction experiments, expected and calculated VZV DNA loads were in excellent accordance. Blood specimens from 42 VZV-infected patients were tested for the presence of VZV DNA and showed detection rates of 86% in patients with varicella and 81% in patients with herpes zoster. In specimens obtained during the first week after onset of the rash, detection rates were 100 and 89%, respectively. Viral DNA was detected in all immunocompromised patients with herpes zoster, emphasizing the risk of disseminated disease in this patient group. VZV DNA load was similar in patients with varicella and multidermatomal herpes zoster and lower in patients with unidermatomal zoster. Despite the cell-associated nature of the virus, VZV DNA was detected in serum and plasma at high copy numbers, and at similar frequencies compared to whole-blood specimens. Quantitation of VZV DNA in blood is of potential importance for diagnosis and clinical management of VZV-infected patients. Plasma and serum provide convenient matrices for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D de Jong
- Section of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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de Jong MD, Weel JF, Schuurman T, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, Boom R. Quantitation of varicella-zoster virus DNA in whole blood, plasma, and serum by PCR and electrochemiluminescence. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:2568-73. [PMID: 10878045 PMCID: PMC86970 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.38.7.2568-2573.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a highly sensitive assay for quantitation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA in blood, involving PCR amplification, solution hybridization with Tris-(2, 2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) chelate-labeled probes, and measurement by electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Extraction and amplification efficiencies were monitored by the inclusion of internal control (IC) DNA, mimicking the VZV target, in the DNA extraction. Viral DNA load was calculated from the ratio of VZV and IC ECL signals. The lower limit of sensitivity was 20 VZV DNA copies/ml of plasma or serum and 80 copies/ml of whole blood. In reconstruction experiments, expected and calculated VZV DNA loads were in excellent accordance. Blood specimens from 42 VZV-infected patients were tested for the presence of VZV DNA and showed detection rates of 86% in patients with varicella and 81% in patients with herpes zoster. In specimens obtained during the first week after onset of the rash, detection rates were 100 and 89%, respectively. Viral DNA was detected in all immunocompromised patients with herpes zoster, emphasizing the risk of disseminated disease in this patient group. VZV DNA load was similar in patients with varicella and multidermatomal herpes zoster and lower in patients with unidermatomal zoster. Despite the cell-associated nature of the virus, VZV DNA was detected in serum and plasma at high copy numbers, and at similar frequencies compared to whole-blood specimens. Quantitation of VZV DNA in blood is of potential importance for diagnosis and clinical management of VZV-infected patients. Plasma and serum provide convenient matrices for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D de Jong
- Section of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Beld M, Habibuw MR, Rebers SP, Boom R, Reesink HW. Evaluation of automated RNA-extraction technology and a qualitative HCV assay for sensitivity and detection of HCV RNA in pool-screening systems. Transfusion 2000; 40:575-9. [PMID: 10827262 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40050575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was the evaluation of NAT technology for the detection of HCV RNA in plasma pools according to the recommendations of the Paul Ehrlich Institute (5000 IU/mL/donation) and the Committee for Proprietary Medical Products (100 IU/mL/manufacturing pool). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Serial dilutions of both the EUROHEP standard (3,800 genome equivalents [geq]/mL; HCV genotype 1) and the World Health Organization (WHO) international standard (100,000 IU/mL; HCV genotype 1) were made in S/D plasma (ESPEP plasma, OctaPharma), which was nonreactive in serologic tests. Serial dilutions of plasma (2 mL) were used for extraction of HCV RNA with an automated version of a nucleic acid isolation method (NucliSens Extractor, Organon Teknika). HCV RNA was co-extracted from 2 mL of plasma, together with 84 copies of an in vitro-synthesized single-strand RNA serving as internal extraction control (IC) to monitor the efficiency of extraction and PCR. Amplification and detection of both HCV RNA and IC RNA were performed with an automated PCR system and a qualitative HCV assay (COBAS Amplicor 2.0 HCV, Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS A cutoff value of 16 geq per mL (10/10 runs [100% hit rate]) was found by using the EUROHEP standard, whereas the WHO international standard had a cutoff value of approximately 12 IU per mL (10/10 runs [100% hit rate]). The IC had a cutoff value of approximately 17.5 copies per mL (6/6 runs [100% hit rate]). Forty-two copies per mL of IC RNA were found in 282 of 284 runs (99% hit rate). The negative controls (ESDEP plasma) were negative in all experiments. Experiments with pool sizes of 12, 24, 48, and 96 using serial dilutions of the WHO international standard revealed a cutoff value of 8 IU per mL (100% hit rate). The EUROHEP standard and the WHO international standard were detected with a 50 percent detection endpoint of 5.2 geq per mL and 1.5 IU per mL, respectively. CONCLUSION This test system (NucliSens Extractor, and the COBAS Amplicor 2.0 HCV assay) revealed a high sensitivity for HCV RNA; considering the proposed requirements for sensitivity of NAT assays for the detection of HCV RNA in donor plasma, pool sizes of about 400 donors are possible. These endpoint results indicated that 1 IU is equal to about 3.4 geq.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beld
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Rentenaar RJ, Gamadia LE, van DerHoek N, van Diepen FN, Boom R, Weel JF, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, van Lier RA, ten Berge IJ. Development of virus-specific CD4(+) T cells during primary cytomegalovirus infection. J Clin Invest 2000; 105:541-8. [PMID: 10683384 PMCID: PMC289159 DOI: 10.1172/jci8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although virus-specific CD4(+) T cells have been characterized extensively in latently infected individuals, it is unclear how these protective T-cell responses develop during primary virus infection in humans. Here, we analyzed the kinetics and characteristics of cytomegalovirus-specific (CMV-specific) CD4(+) T cells in the course of primary CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients. Our data reveal that, as the first sign of specific immunity, circulating CMV-specific CD4(+) T cells become detectable with a median of 7 days after first appearance of CMV-DNA in peripheral blood. These cells produce the T helper 1 type (Th1) cytokines IFNgamma and TNFalpha, but not the T helper 2 type (Th2) cytokine IL4. In primary CMV infection, the vast majority of these circulating virus-specific T cells have features of recently activated naive T cells in that they coexpress CD45RA and CD45R0 and appear to be in the cell cycle. In contrast, in people who have recovered from CMV infection earlier in life, virus-specific T cells do not cycle and express surface markers characteristic of memory T cells. After the initial rise, circulating virus-specific CD4(+) T cells decline rapidly. During this phase, a strong rise in IgM and IgG anti-CMV antibody titers occurs, concomitant with the reduction of CMV-DNA in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Rentenaar
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, Academic Medical Center, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Abstract
The development and performance of a robust and sensitive PCR assay are described for the detection and quantitation of human cytomegalovirus DNA in human faecal specimens. In this assay, CMV DNA was purified by an optimised DNA extraction protocol together with internal control DNA that monitored both DNA extraction efficiency and PCR efficiency. The lower detection limit of the assay was reached at about 100 CMV particles per ml of (25-50%) faecal suspension. CMV DNA could be quantitated in the range of about 300-100000 molecules per ml of faecal suspension. CMV DNA loads obtained in clinical faeces specimens suggest that the assay can be used to monitor the efficacy of antiviral treatment. Reconstruction experiments that monitored the efficiency of DNA extraction of a preliminary DNA extraction protocol, showed low DNA yields for 9% of the specimens (n = 78). In all cases, low DNA extraction efficiency seemed to be due to a component present in faeces that prevented DNA binding to silica particles, presumably by competitive binding. Choosing the right ratio of silica particles to faeces specimen solved this problem. Similarly, reconstruction experiments showed that the strong PCR inhibition that was observed in 8% of the specimens could effectively be relieved by the inclusion of alpha-casein in the PCR mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Verbraak FD, Boom R, Wertheim-van Dillen PM, van den Horn GJ, Kijlstra A, de Smet MD. Influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the development of CMV disease in HIV positive patients at high risk for CMV disease. Br J Ophthalmol 1999; 83:1186-9. [PMID: 10502584 PMCID: PMC1722831 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.83.10.1186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In the pre-HAART era, HIV positive patients with CD4+ cell counts below 50 cells x10(6)/l, and those with detectable cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in their peripheral blood, were considered to be at high risk for the development of CMV disease. With the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), a restoration of immune function occurred in these patients, and as a consequence patients became less vulnerable to CMV disease. Since it is not exactly known how HAART influences CMV viral load in peripheral blood and the incidence of CMV disease in high risk HIV positive patients a group of patients was followed before and after initiation of HAART. METHODS 29 HIV positive patients, seen in the first 3 months of 1996 at the AIDS clinic of the Academic Medical Centre, at high risk for development of CMV disease (positive CMV DNA assay in blood and/or CD4+ cell count below 50 cells x10(6)/l), not receiving anti-CMV maintenance therapy, were included in a prospective cohort study. HAART was started in the second trimester of 1996. Patients were evaluated for the occurrence of CMV retinitis, or CMV disease elsewhere, comparing the incidence of CMV events before and after the start of HAART. Following the introduction of HAART, CD4+ cell counts and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for CMV DNA in blood were monitored in all patients who remained alive and were not receiving anti-CMV maintenance therapy (n=22). Follow up was performed until August 1998; the mean follow up after the start of HAART was 14.9 months (range 8-22 months). RESULTS In the pre-HAART period four patients developed CMV disease, and four died (without clinically manifest CMV disease). After the start of HAART no patient developed CMV disease or died. With HAART, the mean CD4+ cell counts increased from 34 cells x10(6)/l to 194 cells x10(6)/l at the end of follow up. CMV DNA could be detected in the blood of 11 patients. Quantification showed a decline in the amount of detectable DNA during follow up. At the last examination only one patient showed a positive PCR assay. This was the only patient with a CD4+ cell count remaining below 100 cells x10(6)/l. CONCLUSION In HIV positive patients at high risk of CMV retinitis, either with a positive CMV PCR assay in blood and/or with CD4+ cell counts below 50 cell x10(6)/l, HAART causes a dramatic decrease in the occurrence of CMV disease. This decrease is paralleled by an increase in CD4+ cell count, and a decrease in the amount of CMV DNA in the blood, which was below detection levels in all patients with CD4+ cell counts above 100 cells x10(6)/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Verbraak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Boom R, Sol C, Weel J, Gerrits Y, de Boer M, Wertheim-van Dillen P. A highly sensitive assay for detection and quantitation of human cytomegalovirus DNA in serum and plasma by PCR and electrochemiluminescence. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:1489-97. [PMID: 10203511 PMCID: PMC84811 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.5.1489-1497.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/1998] [Accepted: 02/05/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a diagnostic PCR assay (D-PCR) and a quantitative PCR assay (Q-PCR) for the detection of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) in plasma and serum. In the D-PCR, DNA was purified from plasma or serum together with internal control (IC) DNA, which monitored both DNA extraction efficiency and PCR efficiency. DNA was subjected to PCR with a single primer pair, and the amount of PCR products was determined by electrochemiluminescence (ECL) in the QPCR System 5000 (Perkin-Elmer) after hybridization with Tris (2,2'-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) chelate-labeled probes. The lower limit of sensitivity of the D-PCR was reached at about 25 CMV particles/ml. Even with extremely low DNA inputs (four molecules of IC DNA/200 microl of plasma), very high yields (near 100%) were reached. DNA extracted from specimens that were CMV positive by the D-PCR was subsequently used in the Q-PCR, which was similar to the D-PCR. The viral load was calculated directly from the ratio of CMV and IC signals obtained by ECL. The Q-PCR assay is quantitative in the range of 100 to 150,000 copies of CMV/ml, independent of the anticoagulant. Interassay variation, intra-assay variation, and interspecimen variation were about 25%, suggesting that the Q-PCR will reliably detect fourfold differences in viral load. Comparison of paired serum and plasma specimens from CMV-infected individuals showed that serum CMV loads were frequently more than 10-fold lower than plasma CMV loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Virology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Boom R, Sol C, Beld M, Weel J, Goudsmit J, Wertheim-van Dillen P. Improved silica-guanidiniumthiocyanate DNA isolation procedure based on selective binding of bovine alpha-casein to silica particles. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:615-9. [PMID: 9986822 PMCID: PMC84491 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.3.615-619.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA purified from clinical cerebrospinal fluid and urine specimens by a silica-guanidiniumthiocyanate procedure frequently contained an inhibitor(s) of DNA-processing enzymes which may have been introduced by the purification procedure itself. Inhibition could be relieved by the use of a novel lysis buffer containing alpha-casein. When the novel lysis buffer was used, alpha-casein was bound by the silica particles in the first step of the procedure and eluted together with DNA in the last step, after which it exerted its beneficial effects for DNA-processing enzymes. In the present study we have compared the novel lysis buffer with the previously described lysis buffer with respect to double-stranded DNA yield (which was nearly 100%) and the performance of DNA-processing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Virology, Section of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Yamamoto-Furusho JK, Cantú C, Vargas-Alarcón G, Andrade F, Zúñiga J, Rodriguez J, Boom R, Granados J. Complotype SC30 is associated with susceptibility to develop ulcerative colitis in Mexicans. J Clin Gastroenterol 1998; 27:178-9. [PMID: 9754788 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-199809000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Attia MA, Zekri AR, Goudsmit J, Boom R, Khaled HM, Mansour MT, de Wolf F, el-Din HM, Sol CJ. Diverse patterns of recognition of hepatitis C virus core and nonstructural antigens by antibodies present in Egyptian cancer patients and blood donors. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34:2665-9. [PMID: 8897161 PMCID: PMC229382 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.34.11.2665-2669.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum samples from 429 cancer patients, 82 unpaid blood donors, and 74 paid blood donors were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) markers in two commercially available enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). A total of 229 of 429 (53.4%) cancer patients were positive by the two EIAs. A total of 34 of 156 (21.8%) of the blood donors were positive by the EIAs, with a higher prevalence among paid blood donors (20/74; 27%) compared with that among the unpaid blood donors (14 of 82; 17%). EIA-positive sera were tested for confirmation of the results in an immunoblot assay (LiaTek) in which reactivities to four synthetic peptides representing the HCV core protein and two synthetic peptides representing nonstructural proteins 4 and 5 were measured. Of 243 first and/or second EIA-positive samples from cancer patients, 188 (77.2%) were confirmed to be positive in the synthetic peptide immunoblot. A total of 33 of 35 (94.3%) blood donor samples were confirmed to be positive. A great diversity in reactivity patterns was seen. However, all sera from the group of paid blood donors were exclusively reactive to core peptides 1 and 2. A subset of LiaTek assay-positive samples were tested by the four-antigen RIBA-2 assay. The sera from the paid blood donors were all nonreactive. A subset of the LiaTek-positive sera was analyzed for the presence of the HCV genome by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Eleven of the 20 serum samples with reactivity to LiaTek core peptides 1 and 2 only were HCV reverse transcriptase-PCR positive, as were the majority of the sera with other reactivity patterns by the LiaTek assay. The results confirm the very high prevalence of HCV infection in Egypt. Furthermore, the results indicate that there is circulating in Egypt, particularly in the group of blood donors paid for their donation, an HCV variant which elicits an immune response that is not detected by the RIBA-2 assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Attia
- Virology and Immunology Department, National Cancer Institute, University of Cairo, Egypt
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van der Hoek L, Sol CJ, Snijders F, Bartelsman JF, Boom R, Goudsmit J. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA populations in faeces with higher homology to intestinal populations than to blood populations. J Gen Virol 1996; 77 ( Pt 10):2415-25. [PMID: 8887472 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-77-10-2415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine whether human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in faeces is representative of the HIV-1 population in intestinal tissue, we studied HIV-1 V3 variation in faeces, intestinal biopsies and serum from two individuals. Phylogenic analysis of HIV-1 V3-coding RNA in faeces from one individual showed three distinct genotypes. Viruses belonging to all three genotypes were also present in sigmoidal tissue and in serum. Jejunal tissue contained two of these three genotypes. Analysis of the V3-coding RNA in faeces of the other individual showed five distinct genotypes. One of these genotypes was present in all specimens from this individual. Besides this shared genotype, jejunal tissue and serum contained sequences belonging to one other genotype. In addition, one of the other three V3 variants was detected in sigmoidal tissue. For both persons the shared HIV-1 RNA genotypes in faeces and serum displayed a distinctly different frequency distribution. In one individual, the genotype which was detected in a majority of the clones in faeces (59%) and as a minority in serum (11%), was the most abundant genotype in jejunal and sigmoidal tissue (61% and 80%, respectively). For the other individual the genotype that was present in faeces in a significant number of clones (43%) was detected in serum as a minority (8%), whereas this genotype composed 47% of the clones isolated from jejunal tissue. Taken together these data suggest that faeces contain HIV-1 sequences that are derived from local HIV-1 replication in intestinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van der Hoek
- Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- M Beld
- Department of Human Retrovirology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Hoek L, Boom R, Goudsmit J, Snijders F, Sol CJ. Isolation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA from feces by a simple method and difference between HIV-1 subpopulations in feces and serum. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:581-8. [PMID: 7751361 PMCID: PMC227994 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.3.581-588.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple method for the isolation and subsequent detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA from feces is described. Viral RNA was isolated by the method developed by Boom et al. (R. Boom, C.J.A. Sol, M.M.M. Salimans, C.L. Jansen, P.M.E. Wertheim-van Dillen, and J. van der Noordaa, J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:495-503, 1990), which was adapted for feces. HIV-1 RNA was detected by reverse transcription (RT) followed by a nested PCR encompassing the V3 region. Reconstruction experiments revealed that the efficiencies of the extraction technique and the subsequent RT-PCR were not considerably affected by the varied composition of feces. The method was applied on fecal specimens from 18 HIV-1-infected individuals, among which were samples that had been stored for 9 years. It appeared that HIV-1 RNA was detectable in the feces of 12 persons (67%). Viral RNA was present in the feces of persons who fulfilled the criteria for CDC class II and CDC class III HIV infection as well as in patients who were diagnosed with AIDS (CDC class IV). Direct sequencing of amplimers obtained from paired fecal and serum specimens showed that differences in sequence heterogeneity existed. In one patient a remarkable difference in the HIV-1 sequences between isolates from feces and serum was observed. In conclusion, HIV-1 RNA is frequently present in the feces of HIV-1-infected individuals, and in some cases the HIV-1 subpopulation in feces differs from the HIV-1 subpopulation in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van der Hoek
- Human Retrovirus Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Abstract
The technique of nonradioactive in situ hybridization has been used to visualize the DNA and mRNA expression of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early antigen (IEA) in a transfected rat fibroblast cell line. Expression of the transfected HCMV immediate early DNA can be induced by a cycloheximide treatment and is S-phase-dependent. In addition to cytoplasmic mRNA localization, a nuclear RNA hybridization signal was found. In a substantial part of the cells the nuclear signal was in the form of a "track," possibly showing transport of IEA mRNA from the site of transcription to the cytoplasm. The use of PCR-generated intron- and exon-specific probes in a double hybridization revealed that intron and exon mRNA sequences coexist in the nuclear RNA signal. This shows the applicability of multiple-color fluorescence hybridization to obtain information about the site of pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus. In addition, by combining the technique of in situ hybridization with an immunocytochemical procedure we illustrate the possibility of visualizing transcribed mRNAs simultaneously with their translation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Raap
- Department of Cytochemistry and Cytometry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We describe two rapid, simple, and reliable procedures for routine purification of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA from serum. HBV DNA could be purified from 24 serum samples in 1.5 to 2 h and was recovered in the initial reaction vessel. Both procedures have in common that HBV DNA is complexed with silica particles in the chaotropic agent guanidinium thiocyanate (GuSCN) but differ in lysis conditions and in the conditions used to elute HBV DNA from the silica particles after purification of the silica-DNA complexes. In one procedure (protocol H), serum HBV lysis was mediated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-proteinase treatment and HBV DNA was subsequently complexed with silica particles in the presence of GuSCN. After washing and drying of the silica-DNA complexes, HBV DNA was eluted from the silica particles in a low-salt buffer. In the other procedure (protocol Y*), serum HBV was directly lysed in GuSCN and HBV DNA was simultaneously complexed with silica particles. After washing and drying of the complexes, HBV DNA was eluted by proteinase treatment in low-salt buffer. Omission of proteinase treatment prevented efficient elution, presumably because of copurification of the protein which is covalently bound to the HBV DNA genome. We show, by Southern blot analysis, that HBV DNA could be reproducibly purified from human serum with the same yields by either procedure (30 to 50% relative to a classic procedure) and apparently independent of serum composition. HBV DNA purified by either method was a good substrate in the polymerase chain reaction compared with DNA purified by the classic procedure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
We have developed a simple, rapid, and reliable protocol for the small-scale purification of DNA and RNA from, e.g., human serum and urine. The method is based on the lysing and nuclease-inactivating properties of the chaotropic agent guanidinium thiocyanate together with the nucleic acid-binding properties of silica particles or diatoms in the presence of this agent. By using size-fractionated silica particles, nucleic acids (covalently closed circular, relaxed circular, and linear double-stranded DNA; single-stranded DNA; and rRNA) could be purified from 12 different specimens in less than 1 h and were recovered in the initial reaction vessel. Purified DNA (although significantly sheared) was a good substrate for restriction endonucleases and DNA ligase and was recovered with high yields (usually over 50%) from the picogram to the microgram level. Copurified rRNA was recovered almost undegraded. Substituting size-fractionated silica particles for diatoms (the fossilized cell walls of unicellular algae) allowed for the purification of microgram amounts of genomic DNA, plasmid DNA, and rRNA from cell-rich sources, as exemplified for pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. In this paper, we show representative experiments illustrating some characteristics of the procedure which may have wide application in clinical microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Villalobos JJ, Vargas F, Villareal HA, Olivera MA, Anzures ME, Rodríguez L, Boom R, Olaeta R, Pérez Huacuja R, Santoyo R. [A 10-year prolective study on cancer of the digestive system]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1990; 55:17-24. [PMID: 2291062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A ten year prolective and multicentre study of cancer of the Digestive Tract aims to evaluate the variations on frequency and to identify risk factors. METHODS Ten hospitals are participating five in Mexico City and five in other states. Data were obtained through the hospitals files and specially designed questionnaires, the latter mainly diet and habits oriented. RESULTS Through this ten years in the 4,715 cases studied we can appreciate a decreasing tendency of the carcinoma of the stomach (GC) that has been the most frequent until 1984 in the general group General Hospital and Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición. Since then and up to date, first place in frequency in shared between the stomach and colorectal carcinoma (CRC). CRC has been increasing even in the General Hospital in which GC was very high. Eighth years ago we found that people in those hospitals in which GC was high the diet was poor in proteins, fat A and C vitamin. People in those hospitals with high frequency of CRC had diet high in protein, fat and low in fiber. A new study on diet is ongoing. Gallbladder and biliary tract carcinoma has been increasing in all the hospitals. A high O blood group was found in the Juarez Hospital in which gallbladder carcinoma was the highest. O group is highest in the indian people. Cancer of the gallbladder is very high in Pimas and Navajos indians. A plan to study litogenic index and culture of salmonella is going to be practiced in bile from normal and gallbladder carcinoma. Concerning habits, tobacco and alcohol consumption are most frequent in cancer of the esophagus and pancreas. Also coffee consumption is high in the latter. CONCLUSIONS Along this 10-year study, the frequency of gastric cancer has been decreasing. Instead, the frequencies of colo rectal and biliary tract cancers have been increasing. Variations in frequencies correlated with the composition of the diet, fiber consumption habits and racial characteristics of the different groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Villalobos
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F
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Geelen JL, Minnaar RP, Boom R, van der Noordaa J, Goudsmit J. Heat-shock induction of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. J Gen Virol 1988; 69 ( Pt 11):2913-7. [PMID: 3183632 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-11-2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat cell lines were established in which the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene under control of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) was stably integrated. The cell lines showed a repressed phenotype for CAT expression, but could be induced for it by inhibition of protein synthesis, as well as by heat-shock and chemical inducers of the cellular stress response, such as sodium arsenite, 8-hydroxyquinoline and the heavy metals cadmium and copper. A decameric sequence present in the NF-kB binding sites in the HIV LTR (GGGACTTTCC) resembles the cellular heat-shock core sequence and may therefore be involved in the heat-shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Geelen
- Department of Virology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Boom R, Chavez-Oest J, Gonzalez C, Cantu MA, Rivero F, Reyes A, Aguilar E, Santamaria J. Physicians' diagnoses compared with algorithmic differentiation of causes of jaundice. Med Decis Making 1988; 8:177-81. [PMID: 3294552 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x8800800305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data were collected in 194 cases of jaundiced patients treated at the "Adolfo Lopez Mateos" ISSSTE Hospital in Mexico City from July 1985 to July 1986. A copy of the clinical history of each patient was given to each of four physicians--one recently graduated from medical school, another in his first year of gastroenterology, and two others who were experienced gastroenterologists. The same clinical data were processed by a computer set up to use a modified Danish COMIC algorithm. All physicians and the computer technician were blinded to the "gold standard" pathologic diagnoses, with which their diagnoses were compared. Accuracy rates of the physicians in distinguishing intrahepatic (medical) from extrahepatic (surgical) jaundice were 78%, 86%, 86%, and 91%, and the accuracy of computer-assisted diagnoses was 96%. Chi-squared analysis of the diagnoses of three of the physicians and those of the computer showed significant differences (p between 0.1 and 0.01). For the diagnoses of the remaining physician, however, no significant difference was found after chi-squared continuity correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Gastroenterology Department, Adolfo Lopez Mateos ISSSTE Hospital, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Boom R, Sol CJ, Minnaar RP, Geelen JL, Raap AK, van der Noordaa J. Induction of gene expression under human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer-promoter control by inhibition of protein synthesis is cell cycle-dependent. J Gen Virol 1988; 69 ( Pt 6):1179-93. [PMID: 2838570 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-69-6-1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper we describe stably transfected rat cell lines which harbour either the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early (IE) gene encoding the 72K IE nuclear antigen (IEA) or the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene both under transcriptional control of the HCMV IE enhancer-promoter (-484 to -19 relative to the IE cap site, +1). In these cell lines IE gene or CAT gene expression is repressed but can be induced by heat-shock, by sodium arsenite and by inhibitors of protein synthesis such as cycloheximide (CH). In addition, we present evidence suggesting that CH-mediated activation is cell cycle-dependent. Thus CH-mediated induction of the 72K IEA as well as CAT gene expression was impaired and accumulation of mRNAs did not occur when cellular DNA synthesis was inhibited. Activation of IE genes by CH occurred almost exclusively in those cells which were in S-phase. In contrast, activation of gene expression by sodium arsenite occurred independently of cellular DNA synthesis and was not restricted to cells in S-phase. The data are consistent with, but not proof of, the hypothesis that the activation of IE transcription, brought about by inhibition of protein synthesis, resulted from a disturbed chromatin conformation due to DNA synthesis continuing in the absence of a supply of chromatin-organizing proteins. The possible relevance of these observations with regard to HCMV latency and reactivation is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Acetyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Acetyltransferases/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Arsenic/pharmacology
- Arsenites
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Line
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Cytomegalovirus/genetics
- Cytomegalovirus/metabolism
- DNA, Viral/biosynthesis
- DNA, Viral/drug effects
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Viral
- Hot Temperature
- Humans
- Immediate-Early Proteins
- Nucleic Acid Hybridization
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- Rats
- Sodium Compounds
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Viral Proteins/biosynthesis
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Department of Virology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Boom R, Geelen JL, Sol CJ, Minnaar RP, van der Noordaa J. Resistance to methylation de novo of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer in a model for virus latency and reactivation in vitro. J Gen Virol 1987; 68 ( Pt 11):2839-52. [PMID: 2824664 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-68-11-2839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rat-9G cells carry several stably integrated copies of the major immediate early (IE) transcription unit of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In these cells IE expression is repressed but inducible. In this report we describe the DNA methylation status of HpaII, HhaI and AhaII sites within the IE gene, determined at different passage levels. Most, if not all, of the resident IE genes were progressively methylated in a similar fashion. This resulted in DNA methylation patterns in which sites surrounding the IE upstream region were preferentially methylated to a high degree. In contrast, sites within the 19 bp IE enhancer elements were markedly under-methylated. This particular DNA methylation pattern probably resulted from differences in DNA methylation rates, sites within the IE enhancer being methylated at only a very low rate. Methylation of the IE genes did not affect their inducibility, which might be related to the very low methylation level of the IE enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Boom
- Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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31
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Geelen JL, Boom R, Klaver GP, Minnaar RP, Feltkamp MC, van Milligen FJ, Sol CJ, van der Noordaa J. Transcriptional activation of the major immediate early transcription unit of human cytomegalovirus by heat-shock, arsenite and protein synthesis inhibitors. J Gen Virol 1987; 68 ( Pt 11):2925-31. [PMID: 2824669 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-68-11-2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Rat-9G cells several copies of the major immediate early (IE) transcription unit (regions 1 and 2) of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are stably integrated. The cells show a repressed phenotype for IE expression but can be induced by inhibition of protein synthesis. In this report we present evidence that the repressed phenotype is due to the absence of IE transcription and that heat-shock and sodium arsenite treatments each result in the transcriptional activation of the repressed IE transcription unit. Either treatment resulted in the induction of HCMV IE transcripts and IE nuclear antigen expression. An octameric DNA sequence present in three of the 18 bp IE enhancer elements (GGACTTTC) resembles the cellular heat-shock element core consensus sequence and may therefore be involved in the heat-shock response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Geelen
- Department of Virology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Uribe-Elías R, Negrete-Martínez J, Boom R, Olivares L, Kumate J. [Acting and deciding in medicine]. GAC MED MEX 1987; 123:89-103. [PMID: 3678726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Villalobos Pérez JJ, Anzures ME, Rodríguez L, Peláez Cibrián M, Olaeta Elizalde R, Pérez Huacuja R, Contreras R, Morales Mareles P, Boom R, Aranda Michel J. [Eighth report from the Study Group on Cancer of the Digestive Tract]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1987; 52:21-7. [PMID: 3589373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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de Jesús Villalobos J, Anzures ME, Rodríguez L, Peláez M, Olaeta R, Pérez Huacuja R, Contreras R, Morales P, Boom R, Aranda Michel J. [7th report of the Study Group on Cancer of the Digestive System]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1986; 51:205-12. [PMID: 3451343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Boom R, Geelen JL, Sol CJ, Raap AK, Minnaar RP, Klaver BP, van der Noordaa J. Establishment of a rat cell line inducible for the expression of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene products by protein synthesis inhibition. J Virol 1986; 58:851-9. [PMID: 3009892 PMCID: PMC252992 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.58.3.851-859.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon transfection of Rat-2-TK- cells with plasmid pES, containing the cloned 7.0-kilobase (kb) EcoRI-SalI fragment (0.063 to 0.089 map units) of the human cytomegalovirus genome, major immediate-early antigen expression was obtained in 1 to 2% of the nuclei of the transfected cells, as determined by immunofluorescence with the E3 monoclonal antibody. Cotransfection of pES with the cloned herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene resulted in the establishment of a hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine-resistant cell line which expressed a major immediate-early antigen in approximately 1% of the cells at early passages, with expression gradually declining to less than 0.1% upon subculturing. Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from this cell line revealed the presence of multiple integration events of pES DNA sequences into cellular DNA, including a head-to-tail tandem array of approximately 10 copies of pES. The integration pattern was stable for at least 80 passages. Metaphase chromosomes prepared from this cell line showed, upon in situ hybridization, a strong hybridization signal in both sister chromatids of a large submetacentric chromosome which is considered to have harbored the tandemly integrated pES molecules. Whereas in most cells of the population, immediate-early expression seemed to be repressed, this repression could be overcome by protein synthesis inhibition, resulting in a massive induction of human-cytomegalovirus-specific transcripts of 2.1 and 1.9 kb and a minor species of 2.9 kb. After release from protein synthesis inhibition, approximately 20% of the cells showed nuclear fluorescence when the E3 monoclonal antibody was used.
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Boom R, Gonzalez C, Fridman L, Ayala JF, Realpe JL, Morales P, Quintero R. Looking for "indicants" in the differential diagnosis of jaundice. Med Decis Making 1986; 6:36-41. [PMID: 3945183 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x8600600107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis between intra- and extrahepatic causes of jaundice was studied. At the "20 Noviembre" ISSSTE Hospital in Mexico City, between January 1977 and May 1984, data were collected in 1,263 jaundiced patients. To the clinical data for 1,000 of these 1,263 patients and a new set of 105 jaundiced patients, the COMIC study group algorithm was applied. The differential diagnosis between medical and surgical causes of jaundice was correct in 90% of the cases. In 85% the algorithm could also differentiate between acute and chronic disease, or between benign and malignant causes of jaundice. The COMIC algorithm was then modified and applied to the same 1,000 cases examined previously, with 96% accuracy in distinguishing medical and surgical causes of jaundice and 94% accuracy in discriminating between acute and chronic, or benign and malignant, disease. In a new set of 105 cases of jaundiced patients the modified COMIC algorithm made the correct diagnosis between intra- and extrahepatic causes for 98% of the patients, and for 93% it was also capable of distinguishing benign from malignant and acute from chronic causes of jaundice.
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Boom R, Ortiz O, Gil D, Quintero R, Echeverría J, Aguilar E, Rodríguez F. [Diagnosis of portal hypertension and/or hepatic insufficiency in patients with hemorrhage of upper digestive tract using logistic regression analysis]. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 1984; 49:91-5. [PMID: 6333710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Jimenez Cardoso JM, Boom R, Leuze E, Mravko E. Ultramicroscopic structure of the human sigmoid colonic mucosa. Am J Proctol 1971; 22:308-12. [PMID: 5093657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Boom R, De Laguna JC, Peraza R. [Endoscopic advances in the diagnosis of digestive carcinoma]. Prensa Med Mex 1970; 35:145-8. [PMID: 5518718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jiménez JM, Ambrosius K, Boom R, Leuze EG. [Ultrastructure of the intestinal mucosa in various cases of absorption deficiency syndrome]. Rev Invest Clin 1967; 19:343-9. [PMID: 5619279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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