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Tin LNW, Lui SSY, Ho KKY, Hung KSY, Wang Y, Yeung HKH, Wong TY, Lam SM, Chan RCK, Cheung EFC. High-functioning autism patients share similar but more severe impairments in verbal theory of mind than schizophrenia patients. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1264-1273. [PMID: 28920569 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that autism and schizophrenia share similarities in genetic, neuropsychological and behavioural aspects. Although both disorders are associated with theory of mind (ToM) impairments, a few studies have directly compared ToM between autism patients and schizophrenia patients. This study aimed to investigate to what extent high-functioning autism patients and schizophrenia patients share and differ in ToM performance. METHODS Thirty high-functioning autism patients, 30 schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy individuals were recruited. Participants were matched in age, gender and estimated intelligence quotient. The verbal-based Faux Pas Task and the visual-based Yoni Task were utilised to examine first- and higher-order, affective and cognitive ToM. The task/item difficulty of two paradigms was examined using mixed model analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Multiple ANOVAs and mixed model ANOVAs were used to examine group differences in ToM. RESULTS The Faux Pas Task was more difficult than the Yoni Task. High-functioning autism patients showed more severely impaired verbal-based ToM in the Faux Pas Task, but shared similar visual-based ToM impairments in the Yoni Task with schizophrenia patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings that individuals with high-functioning autism shared similar but more severe impairments in verbal ToM than individuals with schizophrenia support the autism-schizophrenia continuum. The finding that verbal-based but not visual-based ToM was more impaired in high-functioning autism patients than schizophrenia patients could be attributable to the varied task/item difficulty between the two paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N W Tin
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - S S Y Lui
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - K K Y Ho
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - K S Y Hung
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - Y Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
| | - H K H Yeung
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - T Y Wong
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - S M Lam
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
| | - E F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
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Fonseca-Pedrero E, Debbané M, Ortuño-Sierra J, Chan RCK, Cicero DC, Zhang LC, Brenner C, Barkus E, Linscott RJ, Kwapil T, Barrantes-Vidal N, Cohen A, Raine A, Compton MT, Tone EB, Suhr J, Muñiz J, Fumero A, Giakoumaki S, Tsaousis I, Preti A, Chmielewski M, Laloyaux J, Mechri A, Lahmar MA, Wuthrich V, Larøi F, Badcock JC, Jablensky A. The structure of schizotypal personality traits: a cross-national study. Psychol Med 2018; 48:451-462. [PMID: 28712364 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717001829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizotypal traits are considered a phenotypic-indicator of schizotypy, a latent personality organization reflecting a putative liability for psychosis. To date, no previous study has examined the comparability of factorial structures across samples originating from different countries and cultures. The main goal was to evaluate the factorial structure and reliability of the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) scores by amalgamating data from studies conducted in 12 countries and across 21 sites. METHOD The overall sample consisted of 27 001 participants (37.5% males, n = 4251 drawn from the general population). The mean age was 22.12 years (s.d. = 6.28, range 16-55 years). The SPQ was used. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Multilevel CFA (ML-CFA) were used to evaluate the factor structure underlying the SPQ scores. RESULTS At the SPQ item level, the nine factor and second-order factor models showed adequate goodness-of-fit. At the SPQ subscale level, three- and four-factor models displayed better goodness-of-fit indices than other CFA models. ML-CFA showed that the intraclass correlation coefficients values were lower than 0.106. The three-factor model showed adequate goodness of fit indices in multilevel analysis. The ordinal α coefficients were high, ranging from 0.73 to 0.94 across individual samples, and from 0.84 to 0.91 for the combined sample. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the conceptual notion that schizotypal personality is a multifaceted construct and support the validity and utility of SPQ in cross-cultural research. We discuss theoretical and clinical implications of our results for diagnostic systems, psychosis models and cross-national mental health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fonseca-Pedrero
- Department of Educational Sciences,University of La Rioja,Logroño, Spain
| | - M Debbané
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences,University of Geneva,Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Ortuño-Sierra
- Department of Educational Sciences,University of La Rioja,Logroño, Spain
| | - R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,CAS key Laboratory of Mental Health,Beijing,China
| | - D C Cicero
- Department of Psychology,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L C Zhang
- Department of Psychology,University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Brenner
- Department of Psychology,University of British Columbia,Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E Barkus
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong,Wollongong,Australia
| | - R J Linscott
- Department of Psychology,University of Otago,Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - T Kwapil
- Department of Psychology,University of North Carolina at Greensboro,Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - N Barrantes-Vidal
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Cohen
- Department of Psychology,Louisiana State University,Louisiana, LA, USA
| | - A Raine
- Departments of Criminology,Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M T Compton
- Department of Psychiatry,Lenox Hill Hospital,New York, NY, USA
| | - E B Tone
- Department of Psychology,Georgia State University,Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Suhr
- Department of Psychology,Ohio University,Athens, OH, USA
| | - J Muñiz
- Center for Biomedical Research in the Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM),Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Fumero
- Department of Psychology,University of La Laguna,Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - S Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology,University of Crete,Rethymno,Greece
| | - I Tsaousis
- Department of Psychology,University of Crete,Rethymno,Greece
| | - A Preti
- Genneruxi Medical Center,Cagliari,Italy
| | - M Chmielewski
- Department of Psychology,Southern Methodist University,Dallas, TX, USA
| | - J Laloyaux
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway
| | - A Mechri
- Psychiatry Department,University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir,Tunisia
| | - M A Lahmar
- Psychiatry Department,University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir,Tunisia
| | - V Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - F Larøi
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway
| | - J C Badcock
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - A Jablensky
- Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia,Perth,Australia
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Abstract
Objective: To demonstrate that two tests of sustained attention were sensitive to attention deficits in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: A cross-sectional study recruiting 51 patients with TBI and 51 matched controls. Outcome measures: The Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) and Monotone Counting Test. Results: The patient groups performed significantly worse than the normal controls in both sustained attention tests. The SART performance was also correlated with pathology severity in the patient group in terms of loss of consciousness ( r=0.247, p=0.05). A cut-off of less than 1 standard deviation (SD) gives optimal diagnostic information in terms of sensitivity in the present sample (0.61 for Monotone Counting Test; 0.75 for SART). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the SART and Monotone Counting Test are sensitive to patients with mild TBI. The SART-assessed sustained attention is also sensitive enough to detect attention impairment in this clinical group regardless of diagnosis and may provide clinicians with an alternative method of assessing sustained attention in these clinical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Jin J, Liu L, Gao Q, Chan RCK, Li H, Chen Y, Wang Y, Qian Q. The divergent impact ofCOMTVal158Met on executive function in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Genes, Brain and Behavior 2016; 15:271-9. [DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Jin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Ministry of Health (Peking University)
| | - L. Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Ministry of Health (Peking University)
| | - Q. Gao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Ministry of Health (Peking University)
| | - R. C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - H. Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Ministry of Health (Peking University)
| | - Y. Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Ministry of Health (Peking University)
| | - Y. Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Ministry of Health (Peking University)
| | - Q. Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Ministry of Health (Peking University)
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Wang Y, Liu WH, Li Z, Wei XH, Jiang XQ, Geng FL, Zou LQ, Lui SSY, Cheung EFC, Pantelis C, Chan RCK. Altered corticostriatal functional connectivity in individuals with high social anhedonia. Psychol Med 2016; 46:125-135. [PMID: 26315390 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of the striatum and altered corticostriatal connectivity have been associated with psychotic disorders. Social anhedonia has been identified as a predictor for the development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The aim of the present study was to examine corticostriatal functional connectivity in individuals with high social anhedonia. METHOD Twenty-one participants with high social anhedonia score and 30 with low social anhedonia score measured by the Chinese version of the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale were recruited from university undergraduates (age 17-21 years) to undergo resting-state functional MRI scans. Six subdivisions of the striatum in each hemisphere were defined as seeds. Voxel-wise functional connectivity analyses were conducted between each seed and the whole brain voxels, followed by repeated-measures ANOVA for the group effect. RESULTS Participants with high social anhedonia showed hyper-connectivity between the ventral striatum and the anterior cingulate cortex and the insula, and between the dorsal striatum and the motor cortex. Hypo-connectivity in participants with high social anhedonia was also observed between the ventral striatum and the posterior cingulate cortex. Partial correlation analyses further showed that the functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and the prefrontal cortex was associated with pleasure experience and emotional suppression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that altered corticostriatal connectivity can be found in participants with high levels of social anhedonia. Since social anhedonia has been considered a predictor for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, our results may provide novel evidence on the early changes in brain functional connectivity in at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
| | - W-H Liu
- School of Health Management,Guangzhou Medical University,Guangzhou,China
| | - Z Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
| | - X-H Wei
- Department of Radiology,Guangzhou First People's Hospital,Guangzhou,China
| | - X-Q Jiang
- Department of Radiology,Guangzhou First People's Hospital,Guangzhou,China
| | - F-L Geng
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
| | - L-Q Zou
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
| | - S S Y Lui
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - E F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China
| | - C Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry,University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health,Melbourne,Victoria,Australia
| | - R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia have intact ability to experience emotion, but empirical evidence suggests that they fail to translate emotional salience into effortful behaviour. Previous research in patients with chronic schizophrenia suggests that working memory is important in integrating emotion and behaviour. This study aimed to examine avolition and anhedonia in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and clarify the role of working memory in emotion-behaviour coupling. METHOD We recruited 72 participants with first-episode schizophrenia and 61 healthy controls, and used a validated emotion-inducing behavioural paradigm to measure participants' affective experiences and how experienced emotion coupled with behaviour. Participants were given the opportunity to expend effort to increase or decrease their exposure to emotion-inducing photographs. Participants with schizophrenia having poor working memory were compared with those with intact working memory in their liking and emotion-behaviour coupling. RESULTS Patients with first-episode schizophrenia experienced intact 'in-the-moment' emotion, but their emotion was less predictive of the effort expended, compared with controls. The emotion-behaviour coupling was significantly weaker in patients with schizophrenia with poor working memory than in those with intact working memory. However, compared with controls, patients with intact working also showed substantial emotion-behaviour decoupling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide strong evidence for emotion-behaviour decoupling in first-episode schizophrenia. Although working memory deficits contribute to defective translation of liking into effortful behaviour, schizophrenia alone affects emotion-behaviour coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Y Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - A C Y Liu
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administration Region,People's Republic of China
| | - W W H Chui
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administration Region,People's Republic of China
| | - Z Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - F Geng
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - E A Heerey
- Psychology Department,Western University,London,Ontario,Canada
| | - E F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administration Region,People's Republic of China
| | - R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
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Xu T, Wang Y, Li Z, Huang J, Lui SSY, Tan SP, Yu X, Cheung EFC, He MG, Ott J, Gur RE, Gur RC, Chan RCK. Heritability and familiality of neurological soft signs: evidence from healthy twins, patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic first-degree relatives. Psychol Med 2016; 46:117-123. [PMID: 26347209 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715001580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological soft signs (NSS) have long been considered potential endophenotypes for schizophrenia. However, few studies have investigated the heritability and familiality of NSS. The present study examined the heritability and familiality of NSS in healthy twins and patient-relative pairs. METHOD The abridged version of the Cambridge Neurological Inventory was administered to 267 pairs of monozygotic twins, 124 pairs of dizygotic twins, and 75 pairs of patients with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic first-degree relatives. RESULTS NSS were found to have moderate but significant heritability in the healthy twin sample. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia correlated closely with their first-degree relatives on NSS. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the findings provide evidence on the heritability and familiality of NSS in the Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Xu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - Y Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - Z Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - J Huang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - S S Y Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - S-P Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - X Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - E F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,People's Republic of China
| | - M-G He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology,Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,People's Republic of China
| | - J Ott
- Statistical Genetics Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - R E Gur
- Department of Psychiatry,Perelman School of Medicine,University of Pennsylvania,and the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center,Philadelphia,PA,USA
| | - R C Gur
- Department of Psychiatry,Perelman School of Medicine,University of Pennsylvania,and the Philadelphia Veterans Administration Medical Center,Philadelphia,PA,USA
| | - R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,People's Republic of China
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Peng ZW, Xu T, He QH, Shi CZ, Wei Z, Miao GD, Jing J, Lim KO, Zuo XN, Chan RCK. Default network connectivity as a vulnerability marker for obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2014; 44:1475-1484. [PMID: 24001350 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713002250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant functional connectivity within the default network is generally assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD); however, the genetic risk of default network connectivity in OCD remains largely unknown. METHOD Here, we systematically investigated default network connectivity in 15 OCD patients, 15 paired unaffected siblings and 28 healthy controls. We sought to examine the profiles of default network connectivity in OCD patients and their siblings, exploring the correlation between abnormal default network connectivity and genetic risk for this population. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, OCD patients exhibited reduced strength of default network functional connectivity with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and increased functional connectivity in the right inferior frontal lobe, insula, superior parietal cortex and superior temporal cortex, while their unaffected first-degree siblings only showed reduced local connectivity in the PCC. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the disruptions of default network functional connectivity might be associated with family history of OCD. The decreased default network connectivity in both OCD patients and their unaffected siblings may serve as a potential marker of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Peng
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - T Xu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Q H He
- Guangzhou Psychiatry Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - C Z Shi
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Wei
- Guangzhou Psychiatry Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - G D Miao
- Guangzhou Psychiatry Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - J Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - K O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - X N Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Laboratory for Functional Connectome and Development, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chan RCK, Lui SSY, Wang Y, Liu ACY, Chui WWH, Shum DHK, Cheung EFC. Patients with bipolar disorders share similar but attenuated prospective memory impairments with patients with schizophrenia. Psychol Med 2013; 43:1639-1649. [PMID: 23098329 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171200236x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to carry out an intended action in the future. PM is consistently found to be impaired in individuals with schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia may represent conditions along a continuum, and share similar neurocognitive and genetic architecture. This study aimed to compare the nature and extent of PM impairment in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. METHOD Participants were 38 out-patients with schizophrenia and 40 out-patients with bipolar disorder in an early psychosis intervention programme, and 37 healthy controls. Time-, event- and activity-based PMs were assessed using a dual-task laboratory paradigm. Self-reported PM performance was gauged using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with intelligence quotient (IQ) and education included as covariates, was used to examine group difference on various types of PM. Repeated measures of ANCOVA were used to examine the group × PM type interaction effect. Correspondence between laboratory and self-reported PM measures was examined using correlational analysis. RESULTS The group × PM type interaction effect was not significant, but the main effect of group was significant. Patients with schizophrenia and patients with bipolar disorder both performed more poorly than healthy participants in PM. The two clinical groups did not significantly differ in PM. Laboratory and self-reported PM measures did not correlate significantly with each other. CONCLUSIONS Patients with bipolar disorder shared a similar PM impairment with those with schizophrenia. Findings of this study extended the similarity in neurocognitive impairments between the two psychiatric disorders to PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Yang BR, Chan RCK, Gracia N, Cao XY, Zou XB, Jing J, Mai JN, Li J, Shum D. Cool and hot executive functions in medication-naive attention deficit hyperactivity disorder children. Psychol Med 2011; 41:2593-2602. [PMID: 21733213 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291711000869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare 'cool' [working memory (WM) and response inhibition] and 'hot' (delay aversion) executive functions (EFs) in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD A total of 100 ADHD children (45 with family history of ADHD and 55 with no family history) and 100 healthy controls, all medication free, were tested on tasks related to the 'hot' (i.e. two choice-delay tasks) and 'cool' domains of EF (i.e. Digits backward, Corsi Block Task backward, Go/No-Go Task, Stop-Signal Task, and the Stroop). RESULTS Compared with the controls, children with ADHD were found to perform significantly worse on one or more measures of response inhibition, WM, and delay aversion after controlling for co-morbidities and estimated IQ. In addition, comparisons between ADHD children with family history of ADHD and those with no family history found significant differences on measures of response inhibition and WM but not delay aversion. These results are largely supported by results of two logistic regressions. CONCLUSIONS ADHD was found to be associated with deficits on both cool and hot EFs. There is also evidence to suggest that cool EFs impairment is related to a family history of ADHD. Findings of this study have helped to elucidate the nature and extent of EF deficits in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-R Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Chan RCK, Wang YN, Cao XY, Chen EYH. Contribution of working memory components to the performance of the tower of hanoi in schizophrenia. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2010; 20:69-75. [PMID: 22351812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the underlying structure of neuropsychological tests involving working memory components and those not involving working memory components that contribute to the performance of the Tower of Hanoi task in schizophrenic patients. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A total of 90 patients with residual schizophrenia received a comprehensive cognitive assessment. Working memory was assessed with Letter-Number Span and Visual Patterns tests. Executive function was assessed by the Tower of Hanoi task. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed including age, education, duration of illness, and all cognitive functions. RESULTS Principal component analysis was conducted and yielded a 4-factor solution: auditory working memory, visual working memory, verbal working memory, and verbal fluency. Subsequent stepwise regression indicated that only visual working memory components and auditory working memory components were retained in the final model accounting, which explained 23.5% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasise the importance of memory components, particularly those involving visual- and auditory-based working memory, when conceptualising the performance of the Tower of Hanoi task in residual schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory; Key Laboratory of Mental Health; Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 4A Datun Road, Beijing, China.
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Chan RCK. How severe should symptoms be before someone is said to be suffering from post-concussion syndrome? An exploratory study with self-reported checklist using Rasch analysis. Brain Inj 2009; 19:1117-24. [PMID: 16286325 DOI: 10.1080/026990500150088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PRIMARY OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the diagnosis of post-concussive symptoms among a group of people with subjective post-concussive symptoms (PCS) complaints using a self-reported checklist. RESEARCH DESIGN A cross-sectional design was adopted with a total of 92 patients with PCS and 123 normal controls. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The Rivermead Post-concussion Symptoms Questionnaire was administered to all participants. Analysis using the Rasch Model was undertaken. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The common matrix of symptom profiles indicated significant effects of gender (p < 0.005) and litigation (p < 0.0004). The patient group reported significantly higher symptoms than the healthy group (p < 0.0001) with differential symptom endorsement along the logits unit continuum. CONCLUSIONS The application of Rasch model analysis successfully set up a common matrix to discriminate patients with post-concussive symptoms from healthy people along the logits unit continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We provide an alternate method of analysing self-report and proxy-report data on subjective complaints of dysexecutive symptoms among a group of patients with traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the ratings of patients and proxies on a measure of the dysexecutive syndrome and further explore the insight impairment problem in patients with traumatic brain injury. METHODS Rasch analysis was conducted on the ratings of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) by a sample of patients and their proxies. RESULTS While the average scores based on patient and proxy ratings were approximately the same (mean patient raw score = 30.12 and mean proxy raw score = 31.32), differential item functioning was found in five DEX items. As a result, the relationship between measures obtained from patient and proxy ratings was only in the moderate range (intraclass correlation = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS Identification of differential item functioning in five of the 20 DEX items reflected the different perspectives of patients and their proxies in reporting the frequency of dysexecutive behaviour and suggests that these ratings are not interchangeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Chan RCK, Chen EYH, Cheung EFC, Cheung HK. Executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Relationships to clinical manifestation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004; 254:256-62. [PMID: 15309397 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-004-0492-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2003] [Accepted: 01/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that executive functions in patients with schizophrenia are markedly impaired as compared with normal controls. Most previous studies employed tests of executive functions adopted from frontal lobe neuropsychological paradigms based on lesion studies. This study employed several more recently developed theory-driven tests of executive functions addressing the construct of the supervisory attentional system. We explore the pattern of executive function impairment using factor analysis and subsequently investigate the relationships between these executive function factors and the clinical features in a sample of chronic schizophrenic patients. A total of 51 patients with chronic schizophrenia were recruited. The Sustained Attention Response to Task (SART), Six Elements Test (SET) and Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSC) were used to assess executive functions. Three factors were identified within the executive function tests: 1) The "semantic inhibition factor" comprised items in the HSC, 2) the "action/attention inhibition" factor comprised the SART commission error and the SET rule-breaking score and 3) the "output generation factor" comprised the SET raw score and the correct SART response. Significant relationships were found between these derived factors and clinical features after partialling out the confounding effect of age, education and illness duration. The three theory-based tests of executive function were shown to have good construct validity among the group of chronic schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C K Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ROC.
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Chan RCK, Chen EYH, Cheung EFC, Chen RYL, Cheung HK. Problem-solving ability in chronic schizophrenia. A comparison study of patients with traumatic brain injury. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004; 254:236-41. [PMID: 15309393 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-004-0486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/04/2003] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that patients with schizophrenia are more prone to impairment in planning and problem-solving as compared with normal controls and patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) by administering the Tower of Hanoi (TOH) task. A total of one hundred and fifty-three participants (51 in each group) were recruited. The performance of the patient groups was markedly worse than normal controls in terms of profile score, number of rule-breaking behaviour, and mean execution time. Two-way 3 (group) x 6 (complexity) ANOVAs indicated that significant main effects of group and complexity were observed in the number of moves, planning time to initiate the first move and subsequent execution time. The general performance of TOH in the schizophrenia group was very similar to that of the TBI group. Subsequent comparison of sub-groups of frontal and posterior lobe damage indicated the pattern of performance in schizophrenia patients lie between them. Taken together, these findings suggest that neither focal frontal nor temporal lobe damage is a sufficient explanation for the problem-solving deficits in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C K Chan
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chan RCK, Chen EYH, Cheung EFC, Chen RYL, Cheung HK. A Study of Sensitivity of the Sustained Attention to Response Task in Patients With Schizophrenia. Clin Neuropsychol 2004; 18:114-21. [PMID: 15595363 DOI: 10.1080/13854040490507208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The sustained attention to response task (SART), a measure of sustained attention created by Robertson, Manly, Andrade, Baddeley, and Yiend (1997), was administered to 51 patients with schizophrenia and 51 normal controls to provide information on the sensitivity of the measure in this clinical group. Patients with schizophrenia performed significantly worse than the normal controls in correct response, reaction time for correct response, and efficiency estimate of taking account of both the accuracy and speed of movement. Moreover, the patient group was more often correctly classified as defective on the basis of efficiency estimate than the normal controls. These data provide further evidence of the sensitivity of the SART to patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C K Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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