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Heit JJ, Coelho H, Lima FO, Granja M, Aghaebrahim A, Hanel R, Kwok K, Haerian H, Cereda CW, Venkatasubramanian C, Dehkharghani S, Carbonera LA, Wiener J, Copeland K, Mont'Alverne F. Automated Cerebral Hemorrhage Detection Using RAPID. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 42:273-278. [PMID: 33361378 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is an important event that is diagnosed on head NCCT. Increased NCCT utilization in busy hospitals may limit timely identification of ICH. RAPID ICH is an automated hybrid 2D-3D convolutional neural network application designed to detect ICH that may allow for expedited ICH diagnosis. We determined the accuracy of RAPID ICH for ICH detection and ICH volumetric quantification on NCCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS NCCT scans were evaluated for ICH by RAPID ICH. Consensus detection of ICH by 3 neuroradiology experts was used as the criterion standard for RAPID ICH comparison. ICH volume was also automatically determined by RAPID ICH in patients with intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage and compared with manually segmented ICH volumes by a single neuroradiology expert. ICH detection accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios by RAPID ICH were determined. RESULTS We included 308 studies. RAPID ICH correctly identified 151/158 ICH cases and 143/150 ICH-negative cases, which resulted in high sensitivity (0.956, CI: 0.911-0.978), specificity (0.953, CI: 0.907-0.977), positive predictive value (0.956, CI: 0.911-0.978), and negative predictive value (0.953, CI: 0.907-0.977) for ICH detection. The positive likelihood ratio (20.479, CI 9.928-42.245) and negative likelihood ratio (0.046, CI 0.023-0.096) for ICH detection were similarly favorable. RAPID ICH volumetric quantification for intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages strongly correlated with expert manual segmentation (correlation coefficient r = 0.983); the median absolute error was 3 mL. CONCLUSIONS RAPID ICH is highly accurate in the detection of ICH and in the volumetric quantification of intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhages.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Heit
- From the Department of Radiology, Neuroimaging, and Neurointervention Division (J.J.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - H Coelho
- Interventional Radiology Service (H.C., F.M.)
| | - F O Lima
- Department of Neurology (F.O.L.), Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, R. Ávila Goulart, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - M Granja
- Baptist Neurological Institute (M.G., A.A., R.H.), Lyerly Neurosurgery/Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida.,Diagnostic Imaging Department (M.G., A.A., R.H.), Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Aghaebrahim
- Baptist Neurological Institute (M.G., A.A., R.H.), Lyerly Neurosurgery/Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida.,Diagnostic Imaging Department (M.G., A.A., R.H.), Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - R Hanel
- Baptist Neurological Institute (M.G., A.A., R.H.), Lyerly Neurosurgery/Baptist Health, Jacksonville, Florida.,Diagnostic Imaging Department (M.G., A.A., R.H.), Fundación Santa Fe de Bogota University Hospital, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - K Kwok
- Department of Radiology (K.K.), Central Valley Imaging Medical Associates, Manteca, California
| | - H Haerian
- Department of Radiology (H.H.), LifeBridge Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - C W Cereda
- Department of Neurology (C.W.C.), EOC Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - C Venkatasubramanian
- Neurocritical Care and Stroke, Department of Neurology (C.V.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - S Dehkharghani
- Department of Radiology (S.D.), NY University Langone Health, New York, New York
| | - L A Carbonera
- Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre (L.A.C.), Bairro Santa Cecilia, Brazil
| | - J Wiener
- Department of Radiology (J.W.), Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Boca Raton, Florida
| | - K Copeland
- Boulder Statistics (K.C.), Steamboat Springs, Colorado
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Frommel A, Hermann B, Michael K, Lucassen M, Clemmesen C, Hanel R, Reusch T. Differential gene expression patterns related to lipid metabolism in response to ocean acidification in larvae and juveniles of Atlantic cod. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 247:110740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hohenadler MAA, Nachev M, Freese M, Pohlmann JD, Hanel R, Sures B. How Ponto-Caspian invaders affect local parasite communities of native fish. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2543-2555. [PMID: 31324974 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species are a major threat to ecosystems worldwide. Their effects are versatile and mostly well studied. However, not much is known about the impact of invasion on native parasite communities, although parasites are usually important response variables for ecosystem health. To improve the knowledge on how native fish parasite communities and their dynamics are affected by invasive species and how these processes change local host-parasite interactions over time, we studied different host-parasite systems in four German rivers. Three of these rivers (Rhine, Ems, and Elbe) are heavily invaded by different Ponto-Caspian species such as the amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus and various gobiids such as Neogobius melanostomus and Ponticola kessleri that serve as potential hosts for different local parasite species, while the fourth river (Schwentine) was free of any Ponto-Caspian invaders. Due to the lack of additional uninvaded river systems, literature data on parasite communities before invasion were compared with the post invasion status for the rivers Rhine and Elbe. The results showed differences among the parasite communities of different host species from the three invaded rivers when compared to the Schwentine River. Among the local internal parasite communities, especially the acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis and the nematode Raphidascaris acus have to be considered as key species associated with invasions from the Ponto-Caspian region. As the examined invasive Ponto-Caspian fish species serves as suitable host for both parasite species, the increases in their infection rates in native fish species are examples of parasite spill back (R. acus) and spill over (P. laevis, at least in the river Rhine). These results were further supported by the analysis of literature data on parasite communities of the past 20 years. Consequences for local parasite communities range from decreased prevalence of native parasites towards an extinction of entire parasite species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A A Hohenadler
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany.
| | - M Nachev
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - M Freese
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - J D Pohlmann
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - R Hanel
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B Sures
- Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
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Damerau M, Freese M, Hanel R. Multi-gene phylogeny of jacks and pompanos (Carangidae), including placement of monotypic vadigo Campogramma glaycos. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:190-202. [PMID: 29193148 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the phylogenetic trees of jacks and pompanos (Carangidae), an ecologically and morphologically diverse, globally distributed fish family, are inferred from a complete, concatenated data set of two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase I, cytochrome b) loci and one nuclear (myosin heavy chain 6) locus. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inferences are largely congruent and show a clear separation of Carangidae into the four subfamilies: Scomberoidinae, Trachinotinae, Naucratinae and Caranginae. The inclusion of the carangid sister lineages Coryphaenidae (dolphinfishes) and Rachycentridae (cobia), however, render Carangidae paraphyletic. The phylogenetic trees also show with high statistical support that the monotypic vadigo Campogramma glaycos is the sister to all other species within the Naucratinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Damerau
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Freese
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Hanel
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute, Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
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Jeffery U, Ruterbories L, Hanel R, LeVine DN. Cell-Free DNA and DNase Activity in Dogs with Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1441-1450. [PMID: 28833583 PMCID: PMC5598899 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs has a high risk of thrombosis and is associated with marked neutrophilia and necrosis. Cell death and release of neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to increased serum concentrations of cell‐free DNA, and in human autoimmune disease reduced DNase activity further increases cell‐free DNA. Free DNA in blood has prothrombotic properties and could contribute to hypercoagulability in IMHA. Hypothesis Cell‐free DNA is elevated and DNase activity reduced in dogs with IMHA compared to healthy dogs. Animals Dogs presenting to two referral hospitals with IMHA (n = 28) and healthy controls (n = 20). Methods Prospective observational study. Blood was collected and death and thrombotic events occurring in the first 14 days after hospitalization recorded. DNA was extracted from plasma with a commercial kit and quantified by PicoGreen fluorescence. DNase activity of serum was measured by radial diffusion assay. Results Cell‐free DNA was significantly higher in cases (median: 45 ng/mL, range: 10–2334 ng/mL) than controls (26 ng/mL, range 1–151 ng/mL, P = 0.0084). DNase activity was not different between cases and controls (P = 0.36). Four cases died and there were five suspected or confirmed thrombotic events. Cell‐free DNA concentration was associated with death (odds ratio for upper quartile versus lower 3 quartiles: 15; 95% confidence interval 1.62–201; P = 0.03) but not thrombosis (P = 0.57). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Cell‐free DNA is elevated in dogs with IMHA and likely reflects increased release rather than impaired degradation of DNA. Cell‐free DNA concentration is potentially associated with death and might be a prognostic indicator, but this requires confirmation in a larger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - L Ruterbories
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - R Hanel
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - D N LeVine
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Michel N, Freese M, Brinkmann M, Pohlmann JD, Hollert H, Kammann U, Haarich M, Theobald N, Gerwinski W, Rotard W, Hanel R. Fipronil and two of its transformation products in water and European eel from the river Elbe. Sci Total Environ 2016; 568:171-179. [PMID: 27289396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil is an insecticide which, based on its mode of action, is intended to be predominantly toxic towards insects. Fipronil bioaccumulates and some of its transformation products were reported to be similar or even more stable in the environment and to show an enhanced toxicity against non-target organisms compared to the parent compound. The current study investigated the occurrence of Fipronil and two of its transformation products, Fipronil-desulfinyl and Fipronil-sulfone, in water as well as muscle and liver samples of eels from the river Elbe (Germany). In water samples total concentrations of FIP, FIP-d and FIP-s ranged between 0.5-1.6ngL(-1) with FIP being the main component in all water samples followed by FIP-s and FIP-d. In contrast, FIP-s was the main component in muscle and liver tissues of eels with concentrations of 4.05±3.73ngg(-1) ww and 19.91±9.96ngg(-1) ww, respectively. Using a physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) model for moderately hydrophobic organic chemicals, the different distributions of FIP, FIP-d and FIP-s in water and related tissue samples could be attributed to metabolic processes of eels. The measured concentrations in water of all analytes and their fractional distribution did not reflect the assumed seasonal application of FIP and it seems that the water was constantly contaminated with FIP, FIP-d and FIP-s.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Michel
- Thünen-Institute, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany; Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency-Laboratory, Wüstland 2, 22589 Hamburg, Germany; TU Berlin, Department of Environmental Technology, Institute for Environmental Chemistry, Fasanenstr. 1a, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - M Freese
- Thünen-Institute, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Brinkmann
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - J-D Pohlmann
- Thünen-Institute, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Hollert
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - U Kammann
- Thünen-Institute, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Haarich
- Thünen-Institute, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Theobald
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency-Laboratory, Wüstland 2, 22589 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Gerwinski
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency-Laboratory, Wüstland 2, 22589 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W Rotard
- TU Berlin, Department of Environmental Technology, Institute for Environmental Chemistry, Fasanenstr. 1a, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Hanel
- Thünen-Institute, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
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Brinjikji W, Lanzino G, Cloft HJ, Siddiqui AH, Boccardi E, Cekirge S, Fiorella D, Hanel R, Jabbour P, Levy E, Lopes D, Lylyk P, Szikora I, Kallmes DF. Risk Factors for Ischemic Complications following Pipeline Embolization Device Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: Results from the IntrePED Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1673-8. [PMID: 27102308 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Risk factors for acute ischemic stroke following flow-diverter treatment of intracranial aneurysms are poorly understood. Using the International Retrospective Study of Pipeline Embolization Device (IntrePED) registry, we studied demographic, aneurysm, and procedural characteristics associated with postoperative acute ischemic stroke following Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified patients in the IntrePED registry with post-PED-treatment acute ischemic stroke. The rate of postoperative acute ischemic stroke was determined by demographics, comorbidities, aneurysm characteristics, and procedure characteristics (including anticoagulation use, platelet testing, number of devices used, sheaths, and so forth). Categoric variables were compared with χ(2) testing, and continuous variables were compared with the Student t test. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were obtained by using univariate logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine which factors were independently associated with postoperative stroke. RESULTS Of 793 patients with 906 aneurysms, 36 (4.5%) patients had acute ischemic stroke. Twenty-six (72.2%) strokes occurred within 30 days of treatment (median, 3.5 days; range, 0-397 days). Ten patients died, and the remaining 26 had major neurologic morbidity. Variables associated with higher odds of acute ischemic stroke on univariate analysis included male sex, hypertension, treatment of MCA aneurysms, treatment of fusiform aneurysms, treatment of giant aneurysms, and use of multiple PEDs. However, on multivariate analysis, the only one of these variables independently associated with stroke was treatment of fusiform aneurysms (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.11-6.75; P = .03). Fusiform aneurysms that were associated with stroke were significantly larger than those not associated with stroke (mean, 24.5 ± 12.5 mm versus 13.6 ± 6.8 mm; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Ischemic stroke following PED treatment is an uncommon-but-devastating complication. Fusiform aneurysms were the only variable independently associated with postoperative stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Brinjikji
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.B., G.L., H.J.C., D.F.K.)
| | - G Lanzino
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.B., G.L., H.J.C., D.F.K.) Neurosurgery (G.L., H.J.C., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - H J Cloft
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.B., G.L., H.J.C., D.F.K.) Neurosurgery (G.L., H.J.C., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - A H Siddiqui
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.H.S., D.F., E.L.), State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - E Boccardi
- Department of Neuroradiology (E.B.), Ospedale Niguarda-Ca' Granda, Milan, Italy
| | - S Cekirge
- Department of Radiology (S.C.), Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D Fiorella
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.H.S., D.F., E.L.), State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - R Hanel
- Department of Neurosurgery (R.H.), Baptist Neurological Institute, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - P Jabbour
- Department Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.H.S., D.F., E.L.), State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - D Lopes
- Department of Neurosurgery (D.L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - P Lylyk
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology (P.L.), Instituto Clínico ENERI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Szikora
- Department of Neuroradiology (I.S.), National Institute of Neurosciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D F Kallmes
- From the Departments of Radiology (W.B., G.L., H.J.C., D.F.K.) Neurosurgery (G.L., H.J.C., D.F.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Kan P, Meyers P, Hanel R. E-022 The Surpass™ IntraCranial Aneurysm Embolization System Pivotal Trial to treat large OR giant wide neck aneurysms (SCENT Trial). J Neurointerv Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012589.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Puri A, Hanel R, Meyers P. E-070 the surpass intracranial aneurysm embolization system pivotal trial to treat large or giant wide neck aneurysms (scent trial). J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hanel R, Bonafe A, Fischer S, Diaz O, Kallmes D, Barnwell S, Woo H. O-020 treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms with pipeline: aspire (aneurysm study of pipeline in an observational registry) results. J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Froehler M, Ebersole K, Duckworth E, Arthur A, Ross I, Hanel R, Moran C. E-146 initial u. s. experience with the pipeline flex prior to fda approval. J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kallmes D, Brinjikji W, Nelson P, Lanzino G, Albuquerque F, Szikora I, Lopes D, Hanel R, Almandoz JD, Lylyk P, Cekirge S, Levy E, Jabbour P, Woo H, McDougall C, Beckse T. O-022 safety and efficacy of the pipeline embolization device in treatment of intracranial aneurysms: a combined analysis of pufs, aspire and intreped. J Neurointerv Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2015-011917.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Colombo M, Damerau M, Hanel R, Salzburger W, Matschiner M. Diversity and disparity through time in the adaptive radiation of Antarctic notothenioid fishes. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:376-94. [PMID: 25495187 PMCID: PMC4407914 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
According to theory, adaptive radiation is triggered by ecological opportunity that can arise through the colonization of new habitats, the extinction of antagonists or the origin of key innovations. In the course of an adaptive radiation, diversification and morphological evolution are expected to slow down after an initial phase of rapid adaptation to vacant ecological niches, followed by speciation. Such 'early bursts' of diversification are thought to occur because niche space becomes increasingly filled over time. The diversification of Antarctic notothenioid fishes into over 120 species has become one of the prime examples of adaptive radiation in the marine realm and has likely been triggered by an evolutionary key innovation in the form of the emergence of antifreeze glycoproteins. Here, we test, using a novel time-calibrated phylogeny of 49 species and five traits that characterize notothenioid body size and shape as well as buoyancy adaptations and habitat preferences, whether the notothenioid adaptive radiation is compatible with an early burst scenario. Extensive Bayesian model comparison shows that phylogenetic age estimates are highly dependent on model choice and that models with unlinked gene trees are generally better supported and result in younger age estimates. We find strong evidence for elevated diversification rates in Antarctic notothenioids compared to outgroups, yet no sign of rate heterogeneity in the course of the radiation, except that the notothenioid family Artedidraconidae appears to show secondarily elevated diversification rates. We further observe an early burst in trophic morphology, suggesting that the notothenioid radiation proceeds in stages similar to other prominent examples of adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Colombo
- Zoological Institute, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
| | - M Damerau
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries EcologyHamburg, Germany
| | - R Hanel
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries EcologyHamburg, Germany
| | - W Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of OsloOslo, Norway
| | - M Matschiner
- Zoological Institute, University of BaselBasel, Switzerland
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of OsloOslo, Norway
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Sierra JJ, Hanel R, Mooney L, Freeman WD. Differential considerations of TCD pulsatility (Gosling's) and resistance (Pourcelot) indices after AVM surgery. J Vasc Interv Neurol 2014; 7:41-43. [PMID: 25422716 PMCID: PMC4241404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JJ Sierra
- Mayo Clinic Observer, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - R Hanel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - L Mooney
- Department of Nursing, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - WD Freeman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Critical Care, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
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Kallmes DF, Hanel R, Lopes D, Boccardi E, Bonafé A, Cekirge S, Fiorella D, Jabbour P, Levy E, McDougall C, Siddiqui A, Szikora I, Woo H, Albuquerque F, Bozorgchami H, Dashti SR, Delgado Almandoz JE, Kelly ME, Turner R, Woodward BK, Brinjikji W, Lanzino G, Lylyk P. International retrospective study of the pipeline embolization device: a multicenter aneurysm treatment study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 36:108-15. [PMID: 25355814 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Flow diverters are increasingly used in the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Our aim was to determine neurologic complication rates following Pipeline Embolization Device placement for intracranial aneurysm treatment in a real-world setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated all patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device between July 2008 and February 2013 in 17 centers worldwide. We defined 4 subgroups: internal carotid artery aneurysms of ≥10 mm, ICA aneurysms of <10 mm, other anterior circulation aneurysms, and posterior circulation aneurysms. Neurologic complications included spontaneous rupture, intracranial hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, permanent cranial neuropathy, and mortality. Comparisons were made with t tests or ANOVAs for continuous variables and the Pearson χ(2) or Fisher exact test for categoric variables. RESULTS In total, 793 patients with 906 aneurysms were included. The neurologic morbidity and mortality rate was 8.4% (67/793), highest in the posterior circulation group (16.4%, 9/55) and lowest in the ICA <10-mm group (4.8%, 14/294) (P = .01). The spontaneous rupture rate was 0.6% (5/793). The intracranial hemorrhage rate was 2.4% (19/793). Ischemic stroke rates were 4.7% (37/793), highest in patients with posterior circulation aneurysms (7.3%, 4/55) and lowest in the ICA <10-mm group (2.7%, 8/294) (P = .16). Neurologic mortality was 3.8% (30/793), highest in the posterior circulation group (10.9%, 6/55) and lowest in the anterior circulation ICA <10-mm group (1.4%, 4/294) (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device is associated with the lowest complication rates when used to treat small ICA aneurysms. Procedure-related morbidity and mortality are higher in the treatment of posterior circulation and giant aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Kallmes
- From the Department of Radiology (D.F.K., W.B., G.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - R Hanel
- Department of Neurosurgery (R.H.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - D Lopes
- Department of Neurological Surgery (D.L.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - E Boccardi
- Department of Neuroradiology (E.B.), Niguarda CA' Granda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bonafé
- Department of Neuroradiology (A.B.), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - S Cekirge
- Department of Radiology (S.C.), Hacettepe University Hospitals, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D Fiorella
- Department of Neurological Surgery (D.F., H.W.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - P Jabbour
- Department of Neurosurgery (P.J.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - E Levy
- Department of Neurosurgery (E.L., A.S.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - C McDougall
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.M., F.A.), Barrow Neurological Associates, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - A Siddiqui
- Department of Neurosurgery (E.L., A.S.), University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - I Szikora
- National Institute of Neurosciences (I.S.), Budapest, Hungary
| | - H Woo
- Department of Neurological Surgery (D.F., H.W.), Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - F Albuquerque
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.M., F.A.), Barrow Neurological Associates, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - H Bozorgchami
- Department of Neurology (H.B.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - S R Dashti
- Norton Neuroscience Institute (S.R.D.), Louisville, Kentucky
| | - J E Delgado Almandoz
- Department of Radiology (J.E.D.A.), Neuroscience Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - M E Kelly
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (M.E.K.), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - R Turner
- Department of Neurosciences (R.T.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - B K Woodward
- Vista Radiology PC (B.K.W.), Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - W Brinjikji
- From the Department of Radiology (D.F.K., W.B., G.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - G Lanzino
- From the Department of Radiology (D.F.K., W.B., G.L.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - P Lylyk
- Department of Neuroscience (P.L.), Equipo de Neurocirugía Endovascular Radiología Intervencionista, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Marohn L, Prigge E, Hanel R. Introduced American eels Anguilla rostrata in European waters: life-history traits in a non-native environment. J Fish Biol 2014; 84:1740-1747. [PMID: 24787669 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated growth, condition and development of American eels Anguilla rostrata that were introduced into a European river to estimate their competitive potential in a non-native habitat. Results demonstrate that A. rostrata develops normally in European waters and successfully competes with the native European eel Anguilla anguilla. In addition, A. rostrata appears to be more susceptible to the Asian swimbladder nematode Anguillicola crassus than A. anguilla and could support the further propagation of this parasite. Detected differences in fat content and gonad mass between Anguilla species are assumed to reflect species-specific adaptations to spawning migration distances. This study indicates that A. rostrata is a potential competitor for the native fauna in European fresh waters and suggests strict import regulations to prevent additional pressure on A. anguilla and a potential further deterioration of its stock situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marohn
- Thünen Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767, Hamburg, Germany
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Damerau M, Matschiner M, Salzburger W, Hanel R. Population divergences despite long pelagic larval stages: lessons from crocodile icefishes (Channichthyidae). Mol Ecol 2013; 23:284-99. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Damerau
- Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology; Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg Germany
| | - M. Matschiner
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics; Allan Wilson Centre of Molecular Ecology and Evolution; University of Canterbury; Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - W. Salzburger
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - R. Hanel
- Thünen-Institute of Fisheries Ecology; Palmaille 9 22767 Hamburg Germany
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Gérard K, Guilloton E, Arnaud-Haond S, Aurelle D, Bastrop R, Chevaldonné P, Derycke S, Hanel R, Lapègue S, Lejeusne C, Mousset S, Ramšak A, Remerie T, Viard F, Féral JP, Chenuil A. PCR survey of 50 introns in animals: cross-amplification of homologous EPIC loci in eight non-bilaterian, protostome and deuterostome phyla. Mar Genomics 2013; 12:1-8. [PMID: 24184205 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exon Primed Intron Crossing (EPIC) markers provide molecular tools that are susceptible to be variable within species while remaining amplifiable by PCR using potentially universal primers. In this study we tested the possibility of obtaining PCR products from 50 EPIC markers on 23 species belonging to seven different phyla (Porifera, Cnidaria, Arthropoda, Nematoda, Mollusca, Annelida, Echinodermata) using 70 new primer pairs. A previous study had identified and tested those loci in a dozen species, including another phylum, Urochordata (Chenuil et al., 2010). Results were contrasted among species. The best results were achieved with the oyster (Mollusca) where 28 loci provided amplicons susceptible to contain an intron according to their size. This was however not the case with the other mollusk Crepidula fornicata, which seems to have undergone a reduction in intron number or intron size. In the Porifera, 13 loci appeared susceptible to contain an intron, a surprisingly high number for this phylum considering its phylogenetic distance with genomic data used to design the primers. For two cnidarian species, numerous loci (24) were obtained. Ecdysozoan phyla (arthropods and nematodes) proved less successful than others as expected considering reports of their rapid rate of genome evolution and the worst results were obtained for several arthropods. Some general patterns among phyla arose, and we discuss how the results of this EPIC survey may give new insights into genome evolution of the study species. This work confirms that this set of EPIC loci provides an easy-to-use toolbox to identify genetic markers potentially useful for population genetics, phylogeography or phylogenetic studies for a large panel of metazoan species. We then argue that obtaining diploid sequence genotypes for these loci became simple and affordable owing to Next-Generation Sequencing development. Species surveyed in this study belong to several genera (Acanthaster, Alvinocaris, Aplysina, Aurelia, Crepidula, Eunicella, Hediste, Hemimysis, Litoditis, Lophelia, Mesopodopsis, Mya, Ophiocten, Ophioderma, Ostrea, Pelagia, Platynereis, Rhizostoma, Rimicaris), two of them, belonging to the family Vesicomydae and Eunicidae, could not be determined at the genus level.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gérard
- Laboratorio Ecología Molecular, las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
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Kallmes D, Boccardi E, Bonafe A, Cekirge S, Fiorella D, Hanel R, Jabbour P, Levy E, Lopes D, Lylyk P, McDougall C, Siddiqui A, Szikora I, Woo H. O-009 Safety of flow diversion: Results from a multicentre registry. J Neurointerv Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Mokin M, Dumont T, Veznedaroglu E, Binning M, Liebman K, Fessler R, To CY, Turner R, Turk A, Chaudry I, Arthur A, Fox B, Hanel R, Tawk R, Kan P, Lanzino G, Lopes D, Chen M, Moftakhar R, Billingsley J, Ringer A, Snyder K, Hopkins N, Siddiqui A, Levy E. E-079 Retrospective multicentre analysis of treatment strategies and outcomes with Solitaire FF for acute ischaemic stroke after FDA approval. J Neurointerv Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tawk R, Eidelman B, Hanel R, Meschia J, Barrett K. E-010 Prolonged Neurologic Deterioration Following Acetazolamide Testing in the Acute Phase Following Ischaemic Stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010870.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Fujita H, Hansen B, Hanel R. Bacterial Contamination of Stethoscope Chest Pieces and the Effect of Daily Cleaning. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:354-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Fujita
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario Canada N1G 2W1
| | - B. Hansen
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Health Complex; Raleigh NC
| | - R. Hanel
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Health Complex; Raleigh NC
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23
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Prigge E, Marohn L, Hanel R. Tracking the migratory success of stocked European eels Anguilla anguilla in the Baltic Sea. J Fish Biol 2013; 82:686-699. [PMID: 23398076 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the extent to which European silver eels Anguilla anguilla, originating from stocking programmes in the Baltic Sea tributaries, effectively contribute to the spawning stock, two hundred and seventy-four formerly stocked A. anguilla. emigrating from the Schwentine River near Kiel, Germany, were tagged with T-Bar anchor tags. A total of 29 Anguilla spp. were recaptured (c. 11%) up to 14 months after release. Stocking history of recaptured A. anguilla. was confirmed by otolith microchemistry. Recapture locations were concentrated around the outlet of the Baltic Sea (Danish Belt Sea) with 62% of all recaptures reported here or in the Kattegat. Recaptured Anguilla spp. showed a reduction in both L(T) and mass (mean ± s.d. = -1.5 ± 0.9 cm and -125.3 ± 50.1 g) while average total fat content remained in the order of values previously reported as high enough to provide energy resources to allow successful completion of the spawning migration (mean ± s.d. = 28.4 ± 4.4%). The documented mean rate of travel (0.8 km day(-1)), however, indicated a delay in the target-oriented migration that might be interpreted as a delayed initial migration phase of orientation towards the exit of the Baltic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Prigge
- Helmoltz-Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany
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Lanzino G, Crobeddu E, Cloft HJ, Hanel R, Kallmes DF. Efficacy and safety of flow diversion for paraclinoid aneurysms: a matched-pair analysis compared with standard endovascular approaches. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:2158-61. [PMID: 22790243 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Flow diversion is a new strategy for the treatment of complex paraclinoid aneurysms. However, flow diverters have, to date, not been tested in direct comparison with other available treatments. We present a matched-pair comparison of paraclinoid aneurysms treated with the PED versus other endovascular techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-one eligible patients with 22 paraclinoid aneurysms treated with the PED at our institution were matched with historic controls with aneurysms of similar size and location. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of aneurysm size, location, risk factors, or comorbidities. Mean dome size was 13.9 ± 6.7 mm in the control group and 14.9 ± 6.3 mm in the PED group (P = .52). Balloon and stent assistance were used in 31.8% and 9.1% of controls, respectively, while carotid sacrifice was used in 36.4% of the controls. There was a significant difference in the rate of complete occlusion favoring PED at radiologic follow-up (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Flow diverters achieve a much higher rate of complete angiographic obliteration compared with other standard endovascular techniques in the treatment of internal carotid artery aneurysms. In this series, this higher angiographic obliteration rate did not occur at the expense of an increased rate of complications. Careful long-term follow-up is of the utmost importance to definitively validate flow diversion as a superior therapeutic strategy for proximal internal carotid artery aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lanzino
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Conrath B, Curran R, Hanel R, Kunde V, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Welker J, Burke T. Atmospheric and surface properties of Mars obtained by infrared spectroscopy on Mariner 9. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jb078i020p04267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Limborg MT, Hanel R, Debes PV, Ring AK, André C, Tsigenopoulos CS, Bekkevold D. Imprints from genetic drift and mutation imply relative divergence times across marine transition zones in a pan-European small pelagic fish (Sprattus sprattus). Heredity (Edinb) 2012; 109:96-107. [PMID: 22549515 PMCID: PMC3400746 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2012.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Geographic distributions of most temperate marine fishes are affected by postglacial recolonisation events, which have left complex genetic imprints on populations of marine species. This study investigated population structure and demographic history of European sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) by combining inference from both mtDNA and microsatellite genetic markers throughout the species' distribution. We compared effects from genetic drift and mutation for both genetic markers in shaping genetic differentiation across four transition zones. Microsatellite markers revealed significant isolation by distance and a complex population structure across the species' distribution (overall θ(ST)=0.038, P<0.01). Across transition zones markers indicated larger effects of genetic drift over mutations in the northern distribution of sprat contrasting a stronger relative impact of mutation in the species' southern distribution in the Mediterranean region. These results were interpreted to reflect more recent divergence times between northern populations in accordance with previous findings. This study demonstrates the usefulness of comparing inference from different markers and estimators of divergence for phylogeographic and population genetic studies in species with weak genetic structure, as is the case in many marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Limborg
- Section for Population Ecology and Genetics, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - R Hanel
- Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (vTI), Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P V Debes
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A K Ring
- Department of Marine Ecology – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - C André
- Department of Marine Ecology – Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - C S Tsigenopoulos
- Institute of Marine Biology and Genetics (IMBG), Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, Greece
| | - D Bekkevold
- Section for Population Ecology and Genetics, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, Silkeborg, Denmark
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Nagel F, Kammann U, Wagner C, Hanel R. Metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bile as biomarkers of pollution in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from German rivers. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2012; 62:254-263. [PMID: 21706228 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-011-9693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the light of the alarming decline of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) population, there is an urgent need to define ecological indicators for eel habitat quality. Due to an increasing shortage of glass eels available for local stock enhancement, the decision of whether restocking is a valuable management tool to increase high-quality silver eel escapement to the sea needs to be evaluated. Organic contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are among the major threats to fish in their habitat. Therefore, the aim of the investigation presented here was to examine metabolites of PAHs in eel bile as one possible marker for habitat quality. In total, 170 yellow eels were collected in the rivers Rhine, Ems, Weser, Elbe, Havel, Schlei, Eider, Trave, Warnow, Peene, Uecker, and Oder in 2009. PAH metabolites in eel bile were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Metabolites of pyrene and phenanthrene were investigated. Concentrations of PAH metabolites in eel bile varied significantly between several rivers, with the highest mean concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene and 1-hydroxyphenanthrene in eel bile from the river Trave (2421 and 632 ng/ml). Moreover, huge differences in the ratio of 1-hydroxypyrene to 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, with the highest mean value in eel bile from the river Ems (7.43) and the lowest mean value in eel bile from the river Uecker (0.70), indicate different sources of PAH contamination. A comparative analysis of PAH-metabolite contamination of eels in different river systems is seen as a first step toward a classification of freshwater habitats for restocking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Nagel
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Palmaille 9, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
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Loumiotis I, D'Urso PI, Tawk R, Cloft HJ, Kallmes DF, Kairouz V, Hanel R, Lanzino G. Endovascular treatment of ruptured paraclinoid aneurysms: results, complications, and follow-up. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 33:632-7. [PMID: 22173755 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Paraclinoid aneurysms are an uncommon cause of aneurysmal SAH, and their treatment is challenging. To assess the effectiveness and safety of endovascular treatment of ruptured paraclinoid aneurysms, we performed a retrospective analysis of 33 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Clinical and radiologic information on 33 patients undergoing endovascular therapy between 1999 and 2010 was retrospectively reviewed. Angiographic results were evaluated with the modified Raymond grading system, whereas clinical outcomes were evaluated with the mRS scale. RESULTS Seventeen (52%) aneurysms were classified as clinoid segment aneurysms, and 16 (48%), as ophthalmic segment aneurysms. Twenty-six (79%) aneurysms were small, 6 (18%) were large, 1 was (3%) giant, and 39% were wide-neck. Coiling was done with balloon assistance in 36% of cases and stent-assistance in 6%. Technical complications occurred in 1 patient, contributing to death. Early clinical complications causing permanent disability occurred in 3% of cases. One patient (3%) had fatal rebleeding 18 days after treatment. Overall, procedure-related morbidity and mortality were, respectively, 3% and 6%. Complete occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 36% of patients after initial treatment and in 65% during follow-up (average, 29.3 months). Seven patients had recurrences requiring retreatment (30%). Clinical outcome (average, 32.9 months) was good in 75% of patients and poor in 25%. No delayed complications related to treatment and/or the aneurysm occurred. CONCLUSIONS Ruptured paraclinoid aneurysms are challenging lesions from an endovascular and surgical point of view. Despite the high rate of recurrences, good clinical results and protection against rebleeding can be achieved with current endovascular techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Loumiotis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Reiser S, Wuertz S, Schroeder JP, Kloas W, Hanel R. Risks of seawater ozonation in recirculation aquaculture--effects of oxidative stress on animal welfare of juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima, L.). Aquat Toxicol 2011; 105:508-517. [PMID: 21899825 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ozone is frequently used for water treatment and disinfection in recirculating aquaculture systems. However, due to the fragmentary data on chronic toxicity of ozone produced oxidants (OPO) and its safe concentrations, the daily application of ozone in aquaculture is challenging. To evaluate the chronic effects of sublethal OPO concentrations, juvenile turbot (Psetta maxima, L.) were exposed to OPO concentrations of 0.06, 0.10 and 0.15 mg/l for 21 days. Gills were analysed for histopathological alterations and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70), hsp90 as well as glutathione-S-transferase (gst) were determined in the gills and the liver after 1d, 7d and 21 d. Histopathologic findings confirmed adverse effects at 0.10-0.15 mg/l, but these (necrosis, lamellar clubbing, hypertrophy, hyperplasia) could only be observed after an extended exposure (mostly 21 d), and were considered as irreversible tissue damage. Hsp70 expression in the gills was only significantly increased at the highest OPO concentration (0.15 mg/l) on 1d and 7d, and returned to basic levels until day 21. Hsp90 mRNA was already increased at 0.10mg/l after 1 and 7 days of exposure, and again was comparable to the control group on day 21. In contrast, elevated gst mRNA expression was only observed on day 7 at 0.10mg and 0.15 mg/l. Although similar trends were observed in the liver for all markers, differences were only significant in exceptional cases due to the high individual variation observed. Thus, mRNA expression in the gills rather than in the liver is recommended as a marker to characterize OPO-induced oxidative stress in turbot. It has to be noted that mRNA expression returned to basic levels on day 21 regardless the actual OPO concentration, suggesting a collapse of adaptive mechanisms as a possible explanation for the observed tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reiser
- Leibniz-Institute of Marine Sciences, IFM-Geomar, Duesternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Hanel R, Conrath B, Flasar FM, Kunde V, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Herath L, Allison M, Cruikshank D, Gautier D, Gierasch P, Horn L, Koppany R, Ponnamperuma C. Infrared observations of the saturnian system from voyager 1. Science 2010; 212:192-200. [PMID: 17783829 DOI: 10.1126/science.212.4491.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 477] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During the passage of Voyager 1 through the Saturn system, the infrared instrument acquired spectral and radiometric data on Saturn, the rings, and Titan and other satellites. Infrared spectra of Saturn indicate the presence of H(2), CH(4), NH(3), PH(3), C(2)H(2), C(2)H(6), and possibly C(3)H(4) and C(3)H(8). A hydrogen mole fraction of 0.94 is inferred with an uncertainty of a few percent, implying a depletion of helium in the atmosphere of Saturn relative to that of Jupiter. The atmospheric thermal structure of Saturn shows hemisphere asymmetries that are consistent with a response to the seasonally varying insolation. Extensive small-scale latitudinal structure is also observed. On Titan, positive identifications of infrared spectral features are made for CH(4), C(2)H(2), C(2)H(4), C(2)H(6), and HCN; tentative identifications are made for C(3)H(4) and C(3)H(8). The infrared continuum opacity on Titan appears to be quite small between 500 and 600 cm(-1), implying that the solid surface is a major contributor to the observed emission over this spectral range; between 500 and 200 cm(-1) theopacity increases with decreasing wave number, attaining an optical thickness in excess of 2 at 200 cm(-1). Temperatures near the 1-millibar level are independent of longitude and local time but show a decrease of approximately 20 K between the equator and north pole, which suggests a seasonally dependent cyclostrophic zonal flow in the stratosphere of approximately 100 meters per second. Measurements of the C ring of Saturn yield a temperature of 85 +/- 1 K and an infrared optical depth of 0.09 +/- 0.01. Radiometer observations of sunlight transmitted through the ring system indicate an optical depth of 10(-1.3 +/-0.3) for the Cassini division. A phase integral of 1.02 +/- 0.06 is inferred for Rhea, which agrees with values for other icy bodies in the solar system. Rhea eclipse observations indicate the presence of surface materials with both high and low thermal inertias, the former most likely a blocky component and the latter a frost.
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Conrath B, Flasar FM, Hanel R, Kunde V, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Gierasch P, Weir A, Bezard B, Gautier D, Cruikshank D, Horn L, Springer R, Shaffer W. Infrared observations of the neptunian system. Science 2010; 246:1454-9. [PMID: 17755999 DOI: 10.1126/science.246.4936.1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The infrared interferometer spectrometer on Voyager 2 obtained thermal emission spectra of Neptune with a spectral resolution of 4.3 cm(-1). Measurements of reflected solar radiation were also obtained with a broadband radiometer sensitive in the visible and near infrared. Analysis of the strong C(2)H(2) emission feature at 729 cm(-1) suggests an acetylene mole fraction in the range between 9 x 10(-8) and 9 x 10(-7). Vertical temperature profiles were derived between 30 and 1000 millibars at 70 degrees and 42 degrees S and 30 degrees N. Temperature maps of the planet between 80 degrees S and 30 degrees N were obtained for two atmospheric layers, one in the lower stratosphere between 30 and 120 millibars and the other in the troposphere between 300 and 1000 millibars. Zonal mean temperatures obtained from these maps and from latitude scans indicate a relatively warm pole and equator with cooler mid-latitudes. This is qualitatively similar to the behavior found on Uranus even though the obliquities and internal heat fluxes of the two planets are markedly different. Comparison of winds derived from images with the vertical wind shear calculated from the temperature field indicates a general decay of wind speed with height, a phenomenon also observed on the other three giant planets. Strong, wavelike longitudinal thermal structure is found, some of which appears to be associated with the Great Dark Spot. An intense, localizd cold region is seen in the lower stratosphere, which does not appear to be correlated with any visible feature. A preliminary estimate of the effective temperature of the planet yields a value of 59.3 +/- 1.0 kelvins. Measurements of Triton provide an estimate of the daytime surface temperature of 38(+3)(-4) kelvins.
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Jakob E, Neuhaus H, Steinhagen D, Luckhardt B, Hanel R. Monitoring of Herpesvirus anguillae (HVA) infections in European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), in northern Germany. J Fish Dis 2009; 32:557-561. [PMID: 19460086 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Jakob
- Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, Kiel, Germany
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Marohn L, Rehbein H, Kündiger R, Hanel R. The suitability of cytochrome-P4501A1 as a biomarker for PCB contamination in European eel (Anguilla anguilla). J Biotechnol 2008; 136:135-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Debes PV, Zachos FE, Hanel R. Mitochondrial phylogeography of the European sprat (Sprattus sprattus L., Clupeidae) reveals isolated climatically vulnerable populations in the Mediterranean Sea and range expansion in the northeast Atlantic. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3873-88. [PMID: 18643878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the genetic structure of the European sprat (Sprattus sprattus) by means of a 530-bp sequence of the mitochondrial control region from 210 fish originating from seven sampling localities of its distributional range. Phylogeographical analysis of 128 haplotypes showed a phylogenetic separation into two major clades with the Strait of Sicily acting as a barrier to gene flow between them. While no population differentiation was observed based on analysis of molecular variance and net nucleotide differences between samples of the Baltic Sea, the North Sea and the Bay of Biscay nor between the Black Sea and the Bosporus, a strong population differentiation between these samples and two samples from the Mediterranean Sea was found. Further, the biggest genetic distance was observed within the Mediterranean Sea between the populations of the Gulf of Lyon and the Adriatic Sea, indicating genetic isolation of these regions. Low genetic diversities and star-like haplotype networks of both Mediterranean Sea populations point towards recent demographic expansion scenarios after low population size, which is further supported by negative F(S) values and unimodal mismatch distributions with a low mean. Along the northeast Atlantic coast, a northwards range expansion of a large and stable population can be assumed. The history of a diverse but differentiated Black Sea population remains unknown due to uncertainties in the palaeo-oceanography of this sea. Our genetic data did not confirm the presently used classification into subspecies but are only preliminary in the absence of nuclear genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Debes
- Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences IFM-GEOMAR, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
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Hanel R, Broekman D, de Graaf S, Schnack D. Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Lyophylized Powder of the Microalgae Spirulina platensis in Pacific White Shrimp Diets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.2174/1874450800701010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bleggi-Torres LF, Gasparetto EL, Faoro LN, Hanel R, Grande CV, de Carvalho Neto A, de Noronha L. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: report of a case diagnosed by intraoperative cytopathological examination. Diagn Cytopathol 2001; 24:120-2. [PMID: 11169891 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0339(200102)24:2<120::aid-dc1022>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The authors present an unusual case of a 13-yr-old boy with a 3-mo history of seizures. A CT scan showed a contrast-enhancing mass located in the left temporal lobe. The patient underwent a stereotatic-guided craniotomy; intraoperative cytological diagnosis was performed by the smear technique, showing a pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. The tumor was totally resected. Definitive diagnosis was established by examination of paraffin-embedded material. Six months after the surgical intervention, the patient is doing well, with no radiological evidence of recurrence. The cytological differential diagnosis of giant cell lesions of the central nervous system is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Bleggi-Torres
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, Brazil.
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Thurner S, Mittermaier C, Hanel R, Ehrenberger K. Scaling-violation phenomena and fractality in the human posture control systems. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:4018-24. [PMID: 11088924 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2000] [Revised: 05/03/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
By analyzing the movements of quiet standing persons by means of wavelet statistics, we observe multiple scaling regions in the underlying body dynamics. The use of the wavelet-variance function opens the possibility to relate scaling violations to different modes of posture control. We show that scaling behavior becomes close to perfect, when correctional movements are dominated by the vestibular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Thurner
- Klinik für HNO, Universität Wien, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Seabreams are among the most valuable fish, not only for small-scale and semiindustrial fisheries but also for aquaculture throughout the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, their phylogenetic relationships are not at all clear. The current taxonomy is based solely on trophic morphology and rests on the assumption that each trophic type evolved only once from a less specialized ancestral condition. We analyzed a 486-bp segment of the mitochondrial 16S rDNA of all 24 seabream species described for the northeastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean to elucidate their generic and subfamily-level relationships. Three major mitochondrial lineages, each comprising species of different feeding strategy and dentition, were found that do not agree with the present taxonomic assignments. Most of the investigated genera were resolved paraphyletically, indicating that the structure and arrangement of oral teeth must have repeatedly evolved from a less specialized ancestral condition. Further, the genus Sparus was resolved as distantly related to the genus Pagrus, in that it was assigned to a different major mitochondrial lineage. Oblada melanura was consistently placed within the Diplodus radiation as sister group to Diplodus puntazzo. Our phylogenetic hypothesis thus suggests multiple independent origins of similar trophic specializations within the Sparidae and indicates that the currently recognized three or four subfamilies need to be redefined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hanel
- Department of Zoology and Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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41
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Hanel R, Conrath B, Flasar FM, Kunde V, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Cruikshank D, Gautier D, Gierasch P, Horn L, Schulte P. Infrared Observations of the Uranian System. Science 1986; 233:70-4. [PMID: 17812891 DOI: 10.1126/science.233.4759.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The infrared interferometer spectrometer (IRIS) on Voyager 2 recorded thermal emission spectra of Uranus between 200 and 400 cm(-1) and of Miranda and Ariel between 200 and 500 cm(-1) with a spectral resolution of 4.3 cm(-1). Reflected solar radiation was also measured with a single-channel radiometer sensitive in the visible and near infrared. By combining IRIS spectra with radio science results, a mole fraction for atmospheric helium of 0.15 +/- 0.05 (mass fraction, 0.26 +/- 0.08) is found. Vertical temperature profiles between 60 and 900 millibars were derived from average polar and equatorial spectra. Temperatures averaged over a layer between 400 to 900 millibars show nearly identical values at the poles and near the equator but are 1 or 2 degrees lower at mid-latitudes in both hemispheres. The cooler zone in the southern hemisphere appears darker in reflected sunlight than the adjacent areas. An upper limit for the effective temperature of Uranus is 59.4 kelvins. Temperatures of Miranda and Ariel at the subsolar point are 86 +/- 1 and 84 +/- 1 kelvins, respectively, implying Bond albedos of 0.24 +/- 0.06 and 0.31 +/- 0.06, respectively. Estimates of phase integrals suggest that these satellites have unusual surface microstructure.
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Hanel R, Conrath B, Flasar FM, Kunde V, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Cruikshank D, Gautier D, Gierasch P, Horn L, Ponnamperuma C. Infrared Observations of the Saturnian System from Voyager 2. Science 1982; 215:544-8. [PMID: 17771275 DOI: 10.1126/science.215.4532.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During the passage of Voyager 2 through the Saturn system, infrared spectral and radiometric data were obtained for Saturn, Titan, Enceladus, Tethys, Iapetus, and the rings. Combined Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 observations of temperatures in the upper troposphere of Saturn indicate a seasonal asymmetry between the northern and southern hemispheres, with superposed small-scale meridional gradients. Comparison of high spatial resolution data from the two hemispheres poleward of 60 degrees latitude suggests an approximate symmetry in the small-scale structure, consistent with the extension of a symmetric system of zonal jets into the polar regions. Longitudinal variations of 1 to 2 K are observed. Disk- averaged infrared spectra of Titan show little change over the 9-month interval between Voyager encounters. By combining Voyager 2 temperature measurements with ground-based geometric albedo determinations, phase integrals of 0.91 +/- 0.13 and 0.89 +/- 0.09 were derived for Tethys and Enceladus, respectively. The subsolar point temperature of dark material on Iapetus must exceed 110 K. Temperatures (and infrared optical depths) for the A and C rings and for the Cassini division are 69 +/- 1 K (0.40 +/- 0.05), 85 +/- 1 K (0.10 +/- 0.03), and 85 +/- 2 K (0.07 +/- 0.04), respectively.
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Hanel R, Crosby D, Herath L, Vanous D, Collins D, Creswick H, Harris C, Rhodes M. Infrared spectrometer for Voyager. Appl Opt 1980; 19:1391-1400. [PMID: 20221049 DOI: 10.1364/ao.19.001391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Voyager IR investigation uses a Michelson interferometer with a 4.3-cm(-1) spectral resolution in the 80-2500-cm(-1) range and a single-channel radiometer for the visible and near-IR, 5000-30,000-cm(-1). Both devices share a Cassegrain telescope with a 50-cm diam primary mirror and a 0.25 degrees field of view. Design, calibration, and performance are discussed along with a sample spectrum of Jupiter.
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Hanel R, Conrath B, Flasar M, Herath L, Kunde V, Lowman P, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Gautier D, Gierasch P, Horn L, Kumar S, Ponnamperuma C. Infrared Observations of the Jovian System from Voyager 2. Science 1979; 206:952-6. [PMID: 17733912 DOI: 10.1126/science.206.4421.952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectra obtainedfrom Voyager 2 have provided additional data on the Jovian system, complementing those obtained from Voyager 1. The abundance ratio of ethane to acetylene in Jupiter's atmosphere appears to be about three times larger in the polar regions than at lower latitudes. A decidedly hemispherical asymmetry exists, with somewhat higher ratios prevailing in northern latitudes. An overall increase in the abundance ratio by a factor of about 1.7 appears to have occurred between the Voyager 1 and 2 encounters. Global brightness temperature maps of Jupiter at 226 and 602 cm(-1) exhibit a large amount of local- and planetary-scale structure, as well as temporal variability. Although heterogeneous cloud structure and ammonia concentration in the lower troposphere may contribute to the appearance of the 226-cm(-1) map, the detail in the 602-cm(-1) maps probably represents the actual horizontal thermal structure near the tropopause and suggests that dynamical heating and cooling processes are important. Low-latitude surface temperatures on the Galilean satellites rangefrom approximately 80 K on the dark sides to 155 K at the subsolar point on Callisto. Below a thin insulating layer, the thermal inertia of Callisto is somewhat greater than that of Earth's moon. Upper limits on the infrared optical depth of the Jovian ring rangingfrom approximately 3 x 10(-4) at 250 cm(-1) to 3 x 10(-3) at 600 cm(-1) have been found.
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Hanel R, Conrath B, Flasar M, Kunde V, Lowman P, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Gautier D, Gierasch P, Kumar S, Ponnamperuma C. Infrared Observations of the Jovian System from Voyager 1. Science 1979. [DOI: 10.1126/science.204.4396.972-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hanel
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - B. Conrath
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - M. Flasar
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - V. Kunde
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - P. Lowman
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - W. Maguire
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - J. Pearl
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - J. Pirraglia
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - R. Samuelson
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | | | | | - S. Kumar
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103
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Hanel R, Conrath B, Flasar M, Kunde V, Lowman P, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Gautier D, Gierasch P, Kumar S, Ponnamperuma C. Infrared Observations of the Jovian System from Voyager 1. Science 1979. [DOI: 10.1126/science.204.4396.972.b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Hanel
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - B. Conrath
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - M. Flasar
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - V. Kunde
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - P. Lowman
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - W. Maguire
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - J. Pearl
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - J. Pirraglia
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | - R. Samuelson
- Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771
| | | | | | - S. Kumar
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103
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Hanel R, Conrath B, Flasar M, Kunde V, Lowman P, Maguire W, Pearl J, Pirraglia J, Samuelson R, Gautier D, Gierasch P, Kumar S, Ponnamperuma C. Discovery of Currently Active Extraterrestrial Volcanism. Science 1979; 204:972-6. [PMID: 17800431 DOI: 10.1126/science.204.4396.972-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The infrared spectroscopy and radiometry investigation has obtained spectra of Jupiter and its satellites between approximately 180 and 2500 cm(-1) with a spectral resolution of 4.3 cm(-1). The Jupiter spectra show clear evidence of H(2), CH(4) C(2)H(2), C(2)H(6), CH(3)D, NH(3), PH(3), H(2)O, and GeH(4). A helium concentration of 0.11 +/- 0.03 by volume is obtained. Meridional temperature cross sections show considerable structure. At high latitudes, the stratosphere is warmer in the north than in the south. The upper troposphere and lower stratosphere are locally cold over the Great Red Spot. Amalthea is warmer than expected. Considerable thermal structure is observed on Io, including a relatively hot region in the vicinity of a volcanic feature.
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Hanel R, Schlachman B, Breihan E, Bywaters R, Chapman F, Rhodes M, Rodgers D, Vanous D. Mariner 9 michelson interferometer. Appl Opt 1972; 11:2625-2634. [PMID: 20119381 DOI: 10.1364/ao.11.002625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Michelson interferometer on Mariner 9 measures the thermal emission spectrum of Mars between 200 cm(-1) and 2000 cm(-1) (between 5 microm and 50 microm) with a spectral resolution of 2.4 cm(-1) in the apodized mode. A noise equivalent radiance of 0.5 x 10(-7) W cm(-2) sr(-1)/cm(-1) is deduced from data recorded in orbit around Mars. The Mariner interferometer deviates in design from the Nimbus 3 and 4 interferometers in several areas, notably, by a cesium iodide beam splitter and certain aspects of the digital information processing. Special attention has been given to the problem of external vibration. The instrument performance is demonstrated by calibration data and samples of Mars spectra.
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Hanel R, Forman M, Meilleur T, Westcott R, Pritchard J. A Double Beam nterferometerfor the Middle Infrared. Appl Opt 1969; 8:2059-2065. [PMID: 20072574 DOI: 10.1364/ao.8.002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A versatile, double beam Michelson interferometer for the middle ir has been constructed. The moving mirror operates in a constant velocity mode. In contrast to instruments of a similar nature, the same area of the beam splitter is used for separation and recombination of all interacting beams, but the beams occupy different parts of the permissible solid angle. Calibration and ratio recording techniques were applied to atmospheric emission spectra shown between 750 cm(-1) and 1250 cm(-1) with a resolution better than one wavenumber.
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Abstract
A Michelson interferometer spectrometer carried aboard the Nimbus 3 satellite, launched 14 April 1969, measured the spectrum between 400 and 2000 wave numbers with a resolution of 5 wave numbers. High-quality spectra have been obtained on a global scale, and preliminary results indicate that the absorption bands of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and ozone can be used to obtain vertical distributions of temperature, water vapor, and ozone.
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