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Hinderer J, Warburton RJ, Rosat S, Riccardi U, Boy JP, Forster F, Jousset P, Güntner A, Erbas K, Littel F, Bernard JD. Intercomparing Superconducting Gravimeter Records in a Dense Meter-Scale Network at the J9 Gravimetric Observatory of Strasbourg, France. Pure Appl Geophys 2022; 179:1701-1727. [PMID: 35469177 PMCID: PMC9022419 DOI: 10.1007/s00024-022-03000-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study is a metrological investigation of eight superconducting gravimeters that have operated in the Strasbourg gravimetric Observatory. These superconducting gravimeters include an older compact C026 model, a new observatory type iOSG23 and six iGravs (6, 15, 29, 30, 31, 32). We first compare the amplitude calibration of the meters using measurements from FG5 #206 absolute gravimeter (AG). In a next step we compute the amplitude calibration of all the meters by time regression with respect to iOSG23 itself carefully calibrated by numerous AG experiments. The relative calibration values are much more precise than absolute calibration for each instrument and strongly reduce any tidal residual signal. We also compare the time lags of the various instruments with respect to iOSG23, either by time cross-correlation or tidal analysis for the longest records (about 1 year). The instrumental drift behavior of the iGravs and iOSG23 is then investigated and we examine the relationships observed between gravity and body temperature measurements. Finally, we compare the noise levels of all the instruments. A three-channel correlation analysis is used to separate the incoherent (instrumental) noise from the coherent (ambient) noise. The self-noise is then compared to a model of thermal noise (Brownian motion) using the known instrumental parameters of the damped harmonic oscillator. The self-noise of iGrav instruments is well-explained by the thermal noise model at seismic frequencies (between 10-3 and 10-2 Hz). As expected, the self-noise of iOSG23 with a heavier sphere is also lower than that of iGravs at such frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Hinderer
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (UMR 7063), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - S. Rosat
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (UMR 7063), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - U. Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse (DiSTAR), Università Federico II di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - J.-P. Boy
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (UMR 7063), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - F. Forster
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
| | - P. Jousset
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
| | - A. Güntner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
| | - K. Erbas
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany
| | - F. Littel
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (UMR 7063), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - J.-D. Bernard
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (UMR 7063), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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2
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Heiss M, Fontana Y, Gustafsson A, Wüst G, Magen C, O'Regan DD, Luo JW, Ketterer B, Conesa-Boj S, Kuhlmann AV, Houel J, Russo-Averchi E, Morante JR, Cantoni M, Marzari N, Arbiol J, Zunger A, Warburton RJ, Fontcuberta i Morral A. Self-assembled quantum dots in a nanowire system for quantum photonics. Nat Mater 2013; 12:439-44. [PMID: 23377293 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots embedded within nanowires represent one of the most promising technologies for applications in quantum photonics. Whereas the top-down fabrication of such structures remains a technological challenge, their bottom-up fabrication through self-assembly is a potentially more powerful strategy. However, present approaches often yield quantum dots with large optical linewidths, making reproducibility of their physical properties difficult. We present a versatile quantum-dot-in-nanowire system that reproducibly self-assembles in core-shell GaAs/AlGaAs nanowires. The quantum dots form at the apex of a GaAs/AlGaAs interface, are highly stable, and can be positioned with nanometre precision relative to the nanowire centre. Unusually, their emission is blue-shifted relative to the lowest energy continuum states of the GaAs core. Large-scale electronic structure calculations show that the origin of the optical transitions lies in quantum confinement due to Al-rich barriers. By emitting in the red and self-assembling on silicon substrates, these quantum dots could therefore become building blocks for solid-state lighting devices and third-generation solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Heiss
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Semiconducteurs, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Houel J, Kuhlmann AV, Greuter L, Xue F, Poggio M, Gerardot BD, Dalgarno PA, Badolato A, Petroff PM, Ludwig A, Reuter D, Wieck AD, Warburton RJ. Probing single-charge fluctuations at a GaAs/AlAs interface using laser spectroscopy on a nearby InGaAs quantum dot. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:107401. [PMID: 22463453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.107401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We probe local charge fluctuations in a semiconductor via laser spectroscopy on a nearby self-assembled quantum dot. We demonstrate that the quantum dot is sensitive to changes in the local environment at the single-charge level. By controlling the charge state of localized defects, we are able to infer the distance of the defects from the quantum dot with ±5 nm resolution. The results identify and quantify the main source of charge noise in the commonly used optical field-effect devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Houel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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4
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Simon CM, Belhadj T, Chatel B, Amand T, Renucci P, Lemaitre A, Krebs O, Dalgarno PA, Warburton RJ, Marie X, Urbaszek B. Robust quantum dot exciton generation via adiabatic passage with frequency-swept optical pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:166801. [PMID: 21599394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.166801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The energy states in semiconductor quantum dots are discrete as in atoms, and quantum states can be coherently controlled with resonant laser pulses. Long coherence times allow the observation of Rabi flopping of a single dipole transition in a solid state device, for which occupancy of the upper state depends sensitively on the dipole moment and the excitation laser power. We report on the robust population inversion in a single quantum dot using an optical technique that exploits rapid adiabatic passage from the ground to an excited state through excitation with laser pulses whose frequency is swept through the resonance. This observation in photoluminescence experiments is made possible by introducing a novel optical detection scheme for the resonant electron hole pair (exciton) generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Simon
- Université de Toulouse, INSA-CNRS-UPS, LPCNO, Toulouse, France
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5
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Kloeffel C, Dalgarno PA, Urbaszek B, Gerardot BD, Brunner D, Petroff PM, Loss D, Warburton RJ. Controlling the interaction of electron and nuclear spins in a tunnel-coupled quantum dot. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:046802. [PMID: 21405345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.046802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a technique for manipulating the nuclear spins and the emission polarization from a single optically active quantum dot. When the quantum dot is tunnel coupled to a Fermi sea, we have discovered a natural cycle in which an electron spin is repeatedly created with resonant optical excitation. The spontaneous emission polarization and the nuclear spin polarization exhibit a bistability. For a σ(+) pump, the emission switches from σ(+) to σ(-) at a particular detuning of the laser. Simultaneously, the nuclear spin polarization switches from positive to negative. Away from the bistability, the nuclear spin polarization can be changed continuously from negative to positive, allowing precise control via the laser wavelength.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kloeffel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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6
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Dalgarno PA, Ediger M, Gerardot BD, Smith JM, Seidl S, Kroner M, Karrai K, Petroff PM, Govorov AO, Warburton RJ. Optically induced hybridization of a quantum dot state with a filled continuum. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:176801. [PMID: 18518317 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.176801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present an optical signature of a hybridization between a localized quantum dot state and a filled continuum. Radiative recombination of the negatively charged trion in a single quantum dot leaves behind a single electron. We show that in two regions of vertical electric field, the electron hybridizes with a continuum through a tunneling interaction. The hybridization manifests itself through an unusual voltage dependence of the emission energy and a non-Lorentzian line shape, features which we reproduce with a theory based on the Anderson Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Dalgarno
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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7
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Avron JE, Bisker G, Gershoni D, Lindner NH, Meirom EA, Warburton RJ. Entanglement on demand through time reordering. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:120501. [PMID: 18517847 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Entangled photons can be generated "on demand" in a novel scheme involving unitary time reordering of the photons emitted in a radiative decay cascade. The scheme yields polarization entangled photon pairs, even though prior to reordering the emitted photons carry significant "which path information" and their polarizations are unentangled. This shows that quantum chronology can be manipulated in a way that is lossless and deterministic (unitary). The theory can, in principle, be tested and applied to the biexciton cascade in semiconductor quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Avron
- Department of Physics, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel
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8
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Kroner M, Govorov AO, Remi S, Biedermann B, Seidl S, Badolato A, Petroff PM, Zhang W, Barbour R, Gerardot BD, Warburton RJ, Karrai K. Erratum: The nonlinear Fano effect. Nature 2008. [DOI: 10.1038/nature06728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Kudelski A, Lemaître A, Miard A, Voisin P, Graham TCM, Warburton RJ, Krebs O. Optically probing the fine structure of a single Mn atom in an InAs quantum dot. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:247209. [PMID: 18233484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.247209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report on the optical spectroscopy of a single InAs/GaAs quantum dot doped with a single Mn atom in a longitudinal magnetic field of a few Tesla. Our findings show that the Mn impurity is a neutral acceptor state A0 whose effective spin J=1 is significantly perturbed by the quantum dot potential and its associated strain field. The spin interaction with photocarriers injected in the quantum dot is shown to be ferromagnetic for holes, with an effective coupling constant of a few hundreds of mueV, but vanishingly small for electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kudelski
- Laboratoire de Photonique et Nanostructures-CNRS, Route de Nozay, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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10
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Ediger M, Bester G, Gerardot BD, Badolato A, Petroff PM, Karrai K, Zunger A, Warburton RJ. Fine structure of negatively and positively charged excitons in semiconductor quantum dots: electron-hole asymmetry. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:036808. [PMID: 17358715 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.036808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present new understanding of excitonic fine structure in close-to-symmetric InAs/GaAs and InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots. We demonstrate excellent agreement between spectroscopy and many-body pseudopotential theory in the energy splittings, selection rules and polarizations of the optical emissions from doubly charged excitons. We discover a marked difference between the fine structure of the doubly negatively and doubly positively charged excitons. The features in the doubly charged emission spectra are shown to arise mainly from the lack of inversion symmetry in the underlying crystal lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ediger
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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11
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Smith JM, Dalgarno PA, Warburton RJ, Govorov AO, Karrai K, Gerardot BD, Petroff PM. Voltage control of the spin dynamics of an exciton in a semiconductor quantum dot. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:197402. [PMID: 16090209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.197402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of a spin-flip process in a quantum dot whereby a dark exciton with total angular momentum L = 2 becomes a bright exciton with L = 1. The spin-flip process is revealed in the decay dynamics following nongeminate excitation. We are able to control the spin-flip rate by more than an order of magnitude simply with a dc voltage. The spin-flip mechanism involves a spin exchange with the Fermi sea in the back contact of our device and corresponds to the high temperature Kondo regime. We use the Anderson Hamiltonian to calculate a spin-flip rate, and we find excellent agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Smith
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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Ramsay E, Pleynet N, Xiao D, Warburton RJ, Reid DT. Two-photon optical-beam-induced current solid-immersion imaging of a silicon flip chip with a resolution of 325 nm. Opt Lett 2005; 30:26-28. [PMID: 15648626 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.000026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report high-resolution subsurface imaging of a silicon flip chip by detection of the photocurrent generated by the two-photon absorption of 1530-nm light from a femtosecond Er:fiber laser. The technique combines the focal sensitivity of two-photon excitation with the enhanced optical resolution of high-numerical-aperture solid-immersion imaging. Features on a sub-1-microm scale are clearly resolvable with high contrast, showing a resolution of 325 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ramsay
- Ultrafast Optics Group, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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13
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Graham TCM, Urbaszek B, Tang X, Bradford C, Prior KA, Cavenett BC, Warburton RJ. Temperature dependent photoluminescence of CdSe quantum dots grown in MgS and ZnSe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pssc.200304138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. C. M. Graham
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - B. Urbaszek
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - X. Tang
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - C. Bradford
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - K. A. Prior
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - B. C. Cavenett
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - R. J. Warburton
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot‐Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
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14
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Urbaszek B, Warburton RJ, Karrai K, Gerardot BD, Petroff PM, Garcia JM. Fine structure of highly charged excitons in semiconductor quantum dots. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:247403. [PMID: 12857227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.247403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An exciton in a symmetric semiconductor quantum dot has two possible states, one dark and one bright, split in energy by the electron-hole exchange interaction. We demonstrate that for a doubly charged exciton, there are also two states split by the electron-hole exchange, but both states are now bright. We also uncover a fine structure in the emission from the triply charged exciton. By measuring these splittings, and also those from the singly charged and doubly charged biexcitons, all on the same quantum dot, we show how the various electron-hole exchange energies can be measured without having to break the symmetry of the dot.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Urbaszek
- Department of Physics, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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15
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Michels JG, Daly MS, Gee P, Hill S, Nicholas RJ, Singleton J, Summers GM, Warburton RJ, Foxon CT, Harris JJ. Cyclotron resonance and spin states in GaAs/Ga1-xAlxAs heterojunctions: Experiment and theory. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:13807-13815. [PMID: 9985297 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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16
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Warburton RJ, Gauer C, Wixforth A, Kotthaus JP, Brar B, Kroemer H. Intersubband resonances in InAs/AlSb quantum wells: Selection rules, matrix elements, and the depolarization field. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:7903-7910. [PMID: 9982243 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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17
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Matsui M, Warburton RJ, Cogswell PC, Baldwin AS, Frelinger JA. Effects of HIV-1 Tat on expression of HLA class I molecules. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1996; 11:233-40. [PMID: 8603259 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199603010-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Tat protein of HIV-1 is a potent transactivator of transcription and essential for HIV-1 replication. In addition, Tat has been proposed to possess immunosuppressive functions, suggesting that Tat may play a direct role in the immune dysfunction associated with AIDS. Recently, it has been reported that Tat represses activity of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene promoter. Because HIV infection downmodulates expression of class I molecules, this data strongly suggests that Tat downregulates class I expression and leads to loss of CTL activity. Here, we report effects of Tat on class I expression using a human cell line, T0, expressing Tat (TO-Tat). Northern blot analysis shows that levels of MHC class I transcripts are normal in T0-Tat. Flow cytometry analyses indicate that expression of HLA class I molecules is not substantially downregulated to any great extent by Tat in T0-Tat. Further, pulse-chase experiments followed by Endoglycosidase-H treatment show that the rate of maturation and processing of class I molecules in T0-Tat is indistinguishable from that in the original cell line, T0. Taken together, these data suggest that Tat expression does not necessarily result in downregulation of class I expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7290, USA
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18
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Traynor NJ, Harley RT, Warburton RJ. Zeeman splitting and g factor of heavy-hole excitons in InxGa1-xAs/GaAs quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:7361-7364. [PMID: 9977313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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19
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Matsui M, Moots RJ, Warburton RJ, Peace-Brewer AL, Tussey LG, Quinn DG, McMichael AJ, Frelinger JA. Genetic evidence for difference between intracellular and extracellular peptides in influenza A matrix peptide-specific CTL recognition. The Journal of Immunology 1995. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.154.3.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
During the course of extensive mutagenesis of HLA-A2.1, we examined influenza A matrix peptide (FMP)-specific CTL recognition of HMy2.C1R (C1R) cells expressing mutant HLA-A2.1 molecules, sensitized with synthetic peptide, FMP 58-66, (exogenous peptide), or infected with influenza A virus (endogenous peptide). Most mutants showed equivalent presentation of exogenous and endogenous peptides to FMP-specific CTL. However, five of the mutants differed in this property. Two of the five mutants, F9L and T134K, present exogenous peptide to FMP-specific CTL, but fail to present endogenous peptide to CTL. Western blot analysis using anti-matrix protein Ab indicates that the matrix protein is expressed in these mutants after infection with virus. Interestingly, transfection of these two mutants with a minigene encoding FMP 58-66 results in efficient lysis by FMP-specific CTL. Peptide-binding assays demonstrate that the two mutations dramatically decrease the binding of FMP. However, these mutants bind FMP as well as wild type in the presence of exogenously added human beta 2-m, suggesting that the lower affinity for beta 2-m leads to the inability to present endogenous peptide. The remaining three mutants, Y27N, Q32K, and S132C, fail to present exogenous peptide, but present endogenous peptide to FMP-specific CTL. Pulse-chase analyses followed by endoglycosidase-H treatment show that the rate of maturation and processing of the five mutant HLA-A2 molecules in C1R cells is identical to that of wild type. Overall, this study suggests that the assembly and subsequent recognition of endogenous peptide differs from that of exogenous peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
| | - R J Moots
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
| | - R J Warburton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
| | - A L Peace-Brewer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
| | - L G Tussey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
| | - D G Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
| | - A J McMichael
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
| | - J A Frelinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
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20
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Matsui M, Moots RJ, Warburton RJ, Peace-Brewer AL, Tussey LG, Quinn DG, McMichael AJ, Frelinger JA. Genetic evidence for difference between intracellular and extracellular peptides in influenza A matrix peptide-specific CTL recognition. J Immunol 1995; 154:1088-96. [PMID: 7822785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During the course of extensive mutagenesis of HLA-A2.1, we examined influenza A matrix peptide (FMP)-specific CTL recognition of HMy2.C1R (C1R) cells expressing mutant HLA-A2.1 molecules, sensitized with synthetic peptide, FMP 58-66, (exogenous peptide), or infected with influenza A virus (endogenous peptide). Most mutants showed equivalent presentation of exogenous and endogenous peptides to FMP-specific CTL. However, five of the mutants differed in this property. Two of the five mutants, F9L and T134K, present exogenous peptide to FMP-specific CTL, but fail to present endogenous peptide to CTL. Western blot analysis using anti-matrix protein Ab indicates that the matrix protein is expressed in these mutants after infection with virus. Interestingly, transfection of these two mutants with a minigene encoding FMP 58-66 results in efficient lysis by FMP-specific CTL. Peptide-binding assays demonstrate that the two mutations dramatically decrease the binding of FMP. However, these mutants bind FMP as well as wild type in the presence of exogenously added human beta 2-m, suggesting that the lower affinity for beta 2-m leads to the inability to present endogenous peptide. The remaining three mutants, Y27N, Q32K, and S132C, fail to present exogenous peptide, but present endogenous peptide to FMP-specific CTL. Pulse-chase analyses followed by endoglycosidase-H treatment show that the rate of maturation and processing of the five mutant HLA-A2 molecules in C1R cells is identical to that of wild type. Overall, this study suggests that the assembly and subsequent recognition of endogenous peptide differs from that of exogenous peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599
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Abstract
Previously, we have proposed that bovine adrenocortical mitochondrial adrenodoxin reductase may possess a domain structure, based upon the generation of two major peptide fragments from limited tryptic proteolysis. In the present study, kinetic characterization of the NADPH-dependent ferricyanide reductase activity of the partially proteolyzed enzyme demonstrates that Km(NADPH) increases (from 1.2 microM to 2.7 microM), whereas Vmax remains unaltered at 2100 min-1. The two proteolytic fragments have been purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase HPLC, and amino-acid sequence analysis unambiguously demonstrates that the 30.6 kDa fragment corresponds to the amino terminal portion of the intact protein, whereas the 22.8 kDa fragment is derived from the carboxyl terminus of the reductase. Trypsin cleavage occurs at either Arg-264 or Arg-265. Covalent crosslinking experiments using a water-soluble carbodiimide show that adrenodoxin crosslinks exclusively to the 30.6 kDa fragment, thus implicating the N-terminal region of adrenodoxin reductase in binding to the iron-sulfur protein. Our inability to detect covalent carbohydrate on either intact or proteolyzed adrenodoxin reductase prompted a re-examination of the previously reported requirement of an oligosaccharide moiety for efficient electron transfer from the reductase to adrenodoxin. Treatment of adrenodoxin reductase with a highly purified preparation of neuraminidase demonstrates that neither the adrenodoxin-independent ferricyanide reductase activity nor the adrenodoxin-dependent cytochrome c reductase activity of the enzyme is affected by neuraminidase treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Warburton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
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Martin RW, Wong SL, Warburton RJ, Nicholas RJ, Smith AD, Gibbon MA, Thrush EJ. Variations of the hole effective masses induced by tensile strain in In1-xGaxAs(P)/InGaAsP heterostructures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:7660-7667. [PMID: 9974750 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.7660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Symons DM, Lakrimi M, Warburton RJ, Nicholas RJ, Mason NJ, Walker PJ, Eremets MI, Hill G. [001]- and piezoelectric-[111]-oriented InAs/GaSb structures under hydrostatic pressure. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:16614-16621. [PMID: 10010820 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Wong SL, Warburton RJ, Nicholas RJ, Mason NJ, Walker PJ. Magneto-optical study of Ga1-xInxSb/GaSb strained-quantum-well structures: Miniband formation and valence-band structure. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:11210-11221. [PMID: 10009971 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Barnes DJ, Nicholas RJ, Warburton RJ, Mason NJ, Walker PJ, Miura N. Observation of magnetic-field-induced semimetal-semiconductor transitions in crossed-gap superlattices by cyclotron resonance. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 49:10474-10483. [PMID: 10009872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.49.10474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Warburton RJ, Matsui M, Rowland-Jones SL, Gammon MC, Katzenstein GE, Wei T, Edidin M, Zweerink HJ, McMichael AJ, Frelinger JA. Mutation of the alpha 2 domain disulfide bridge of the class I molecule HLA-A*0201. Effect on maturation and peptide presentation. Hum Immunol 1994; 39:261-71. [PMID: 8071101 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)90269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A combination of saturation and site-directed mutagenesis was utilized to disrupt the alpha 2 domain disulfide bridge of HLA-A*0201. Mutation of cysteine 101 to a serine (C101S) or of cysteine 164 to alanine (C164A) decreased the rate of maturation of the heavy chain, the total amount of mature heavy chain within the cell, and the level of surface expression. Cells expressing these genes and loaded with a synthetic peptide derived from the influenza A matrix protein (58-66) were recognized poorly by HLA-A*0201-restricted, peptide-specific CTLs. Cells expressing mutant HLA-A*0201 loaded with a synthetic peptide derived from the HIV-1 pol protein (476-484) were not recognized by pol IV-9-specific CTLs. Mutant C164A cells infected with influenza virus were partially recognized by influenza matrix peptide-specific CTLs, while C101S cells were not lysed. Surprisingly, endogenous peptide loading of cells expressing mutant HLA-A*0201 using a minigene coding for either the influenza A matrix peptide 58-66, or HIV-1 pol peptide 476-484, resulted in efficient CTL recognition. This suggests different structural constraints for peptide binding in the endoplasmic reticulum during biosynthesis and for binding to exported molecules on the cells surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Warburton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7290
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Warburton RJ, Nicholas RJ, Sasaki S, Miura N, Woodbridge K. Superlattice modification of the valence-band spin splitting in InxGa1-xAs/GaAs superlattices up to 45 T. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:12323-12325. [PMID: 10007592 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Summers GM, Warburton RJ, Michels JG, Nicholas RJ, Harris JJ, Foxon CT. New phases of the 2D electron system in the ultra-quantum limit observed by cyclotron resonances. Phys Rev Lett 1993; 70:2150-2153. [PMID: 10053483 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.70.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Warburton RJ, Michels JG, Nicholas RJ, Harris JJ, Foxon CT. Optically detected cyclotron resonance of GaAs quantum wells: Effective-mass measurements and offset effects. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:13394-13399. [PMID: 10003387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Lawless MJ, Warburton RJ, Nicholas RJ, Pulsford NJ, Moore KJ, Duggan G, Woodbridge K. Saddle-point excitons and intraband ( Gamma - Pi ) mixing in strained-layer superlattices. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 45:4266-4273. [PMID: 10002041 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.45.4266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Warburton RJ, Nicholas RJ, Howard LK, Emeny MT. Intraband and interband magneto-optics of p-type In0.18Ga0.82As/GaAs quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:14124-14133. [PMID: 9997282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Warburton RJ, Nicholas RJ, Mason NJ, Walker PJ, Prins AD, Dunstan DJ. High-pressure investigation of GaSb and Ga1-xInxSb/GaSb quantum wells. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:4994-5000. [PMID: 9997875 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.4994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Pulsford NJ, Nicholas RJ, Warburton RJ, Duggan G, Moore KJ, Woodbridge K, Roberts C. Miniband structure in InxGa1-xAs-GaAs strained-layer superlattices. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1991; 43:2246-2254. [PMID: 9997498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.43.2246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abstract
Treatment of bovine adrenodoxin reductase with trypsin under conditions of limited proteolysis yields two major fragments of apparent molecular weights 30,500 and 20,200. The fragments, which have been partially purified by affinity chromatography to remove most of the intact adrenodoxin reductase, retain adrenodoxin-dependent NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. Kinetic analyses yield Vmax and Km (adrenodoxin) values of 485 min-1 and 0.96 microM, respectively, at an ionic strength of 0.13 M in comparison to 1059 min-1 and 0.40 microM, respectively, for intact adrenodoxin reductase under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Warburton
- Department of Chemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
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