1
|
Bristow TF, Grotzinger JP, Rampe EB, Cuadros J, Chipera SJ, Downs GW, Fedo CM, Frydenvang J, McAdam AC, Morris RV, Achilles CN, Blake DF, Castle N, Craig P, Des Marais DJ, Downs RT, Hazen RM, Ming DW, Morrison SM, Thorpe MT, Treiman AH, Tu V, Vaniman DT, Yen AS, Gellert R, Mahaffy PR, Wiens RC, Bryk AB, Bennett KA, Fox VK, Millken RE, Fraeman AA, Vasavada AR. Brine-driven destruction of clay minerals in Gale crater, Mars. Science 2021; 373:198-204. [PMID: 34244410 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Mars' sedimentary rock record preserves information on geological (and potential astrobiological) processes that occurred on the planet billions of years ago. The Curiosity rover is exploring the lower reaches of Mount Sharp, in Gale crater on Mars. A traverse from Vera Rubin ridge to Glen Torridon has allowed Curiosity to examine a lateral transect of rock strata laid down in a martian lake ~3.5 billion years ago. We report spatial differences in the mineralogy of time-equivalent sedimentary rocks <400 meters apart. These differences indicate localized infiltration of silica-poor brines, generated during deposition of overlying magnesium sulfate-bearing strata. We propose that destabilization of silicate minerals driven by silica-poor brines (rarely observed on Earth) was widespread on ancient Mars, because sulfate deposits are globally distributed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T F Bristow
- Eobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
| | - J P Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - E B Rampe
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - J Cuadros
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - S J Chipera
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - G W Downs
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - C M Fedo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - J Frydenvang
- Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A C McAdam
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - R V Morris
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - C N Achilles
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - D F Blake
- Eobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - N Castle
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - P Craig
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - D J Des Marais
- Eobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - R T Downs
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - R M Hazen
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - D W Ming
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - S M Morrison
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - M T Thorpe
- Jacobs Technology-Jacobs JETS Contract, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - A H Treiman
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - V Tu
- Jacobs Technology-Jacobs JETS Contract, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, at NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
| | - D T Vaniman
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - A S Yen
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - R Gellert
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - P R Mahaffy
- Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - R C Wiens
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - A B Bryk
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - K A Bennett
- U.S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
| | - V K Fox
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - R E Millken
- Department of Earth, Environmental Sciences and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - A A Fraeman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - A R Vasavada
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Achilles CN, Rampe EB, Downs RT, Bristow TF, Ming DW, Morris RV, Vaniman DT, Blake DF, Yen AS, McAdam AC, Sutter B, Fedo CM, Gwizd S, Thompson LM, Gellert R, Morrison SM, Treiman AH, Crisp JA, Gabriel TSJ, Chipera SJ, Hazen RM, Craig PI, Thorpe MT, Des Marais DJ, Grotzinger JP, Tu VM, Castle N, Downs GW, Peretyazhko TS, Walroth RC, Sarrazin P, Morookian JM. Evidence for Multiple Diagenetic Episodes in Ancient Fluvial-Lacustrine Sedimentary Rocks in Gale Crater, Mars. J Geophys Res Planets 2020; 125:e2019JE006295. [PMID: 32999799 PMCID: PMC7507756 DOI: 10.1029/2019je006295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The Curiosity rover's exploration of rocks and soils in Gale crater has provided diverse geochemical and mineralogical data sets, underscoring the complex geological history of the region. We report the crystalline, clay mineral, and amorphous phase distributions of four Gale crater rocks from an 80-m stratigraphic interval. The mineralogy of the four samples is strongly influenced by aqueous alteration processes, including variations in water chemistries, redox, pH, and temperature. Localized hydrothermal events are evidenced by gray hematite and maturation of amorphous SiO2 to opal-CT. Low-temperature diagenetic events are associated with fluctuating lake levels, evaporative events, and groundwater infiltration. Among all mudstones analyzed in Gale crater, the diversity in diagenetic processes is primarily captured by the mineralogy and X-ray amorphous chemistry of the drilled rocks. Variations indicate a transition from magnetite to hematite and an increase in matrix-associated sulfates suggesting intensifying influence from oxic, diagenetic fluids upsection. Furthermore, diagenetic fluid pathways are shown to be strongly affected by unconformities and sedimentary transitions, as evidenced by the intensity of alteration inferred from the mineralogy of sediments sampled adjacent to stratigraphic contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. T. Downs
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A. S. Yen
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | | | - B. Sutter
- Jacobs at NASA Johnson Space CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - C. M. Fedo
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Tennessee, KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - S. Gwizd
- Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesUniversity of Tennessee, KnoxvilleKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - L. M. Thompson
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickCanada
| | - R. Gellert
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | | | | | - J. A. Crisp
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - T. S. J. Gabriel
- School of Earth and Space ExplorationArizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA
| | | | - R. M. Hazen
- Carnegie Institute for ScienceWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | | | | | - J. P. Grotzinger
- Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - V. M. Tu
- Jacobs at NASA Johnson Space CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - N. Castle
- Planetary Science InstituteTucsonAZUSA
| | - G. W. Downs
- Department of GeosciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | | | | | | | - J. M. Morookian
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mao HK, Jephcoat AP, Hemley RJ, Finger LW, Zha CS, Hazen RM, Cox DE. Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction Measurements of Single-Crystal Hydrogen to 26.5 Gigapascals. Science 2010; 239:1131-4. [PMID: 17791973 DOI: 10.1126/science.239.4844.1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure and equation of state of solid hydrogen have been determined directly to 26.5 gigapascals at room temperature by new synchrotron x-ray diffraction techniques. Solid hydrogen remains in the hexagonal close-packed structure under these pressure-temperature conditions and exhibits increasing structural anisotropy with pressure. The pressure-volume curve determined from the x-ray data represents the most accurate experimental measurement of the equation of state to date in this pressure range. The results remove the discrepancy between earlier indirect determinations and provide a new experimental constraint on the molecular-to-atomic transition predicted at higher pressures.
Collapse
|
4
|
Noffke N, Beukes N, Bower D, Hazen RM, Swift DJP. An actualistic perspective into Archean worlds - (cyano-)bacterially induced sedimentary structures in the siliciclastic Nhlazatse Section, 2.9 Ga Pongola Supergroup, South Africa. Geobiology 2008; 6:5-20. [PMID: 18380882 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2007.00118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Extensive microbial mats colonize sandy tidal flats that form along the coasts of today's Earth. The microbenthos (mainly cyanobacteria) respond to the prevailing physical sediment dynamics by biostabilization, baffling and trapping, as well as binding. This biotic-physical interaction gives rise to characteristic microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) that differ greatly from both purely physical structures and from stromatolites. Actualistic studies of the MISS on modern tidal flats have been shown to be the key for understanding equivalent fossil structures that occur in tidal and shelf sandstones of all Earth ages. However, until now the fossil record of Archean MISS has been poor, and relatively few specimens have been found. This paper describes a study location that displays a unique assemblage with a multitude of exceptionally preserved MISS in the 2.9-Ga-old Pongola Supergroup, South Africa. The 'Nhlazatse Section' includes structures such as 'erosional remnants and pockets', 'multidirected ripple marks', 'polygonal oscillation cracks', and 'gas domes'. Optical and geochemical analyses support the biogenicity of microscopic textures such as filamentous laminae or 'orientated grains'. Textures resembling filaments are lined by iron oxide and hydroxides, as well as clay minerals. They contain organic matter, whose isotope composition is consistent with carbon of biological origin. The ancient tidal flats of the Nhlazatse Section record four microbial mat facies that occur in modern tidal settings as well. We distinguish endobenthic and epibenthic microbial mats, including planar, tufted, and spongy subtypes. Each microbial mat facies is characterized by a distinct set of MISS, and relates to a typical tidal zone. The microbial mat structures are preserved in situ, and are consistent with similar features constructed today by benthic cyanobacteria. However, other mat-constructing microorganisms also could have formed the structures in the Archean tidal flats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Noffke
- Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Boyce CK, Hazen RM, Knoll AH. Nondestructive, in situ, cellular-scale mapping of elemental abundances including organic carbon in permineralized fossils. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:5970-4. [PMID: 11371632 PMCID: PMC33407 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.101130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron microprobe allows elemental abundances to be mapped at the microm scale, but until now high resolution mapping of light elements has been challenging. Modifications of electron microprobe procedure permit fine-scale mapping of carbon. When applied to permineralized fossils, this technique allows simultaneous mapping of organic material, major matrix-forming elements, and trace elements with microm-scale resolution. The resulting data make it possible to test taphonomic hypotheses for the formation of anatomically preserved silicified fossils, including the role of trace elements in the initiation of silica precipitation and in the prevention of organic degradation. The technique allows one to understand the localization of preserved organic matter before undertaking destructive chemical analyses and, because it is nondestructive, offers a potentially important tool for astrobiological investigations of samples returned from Mars or other solar system bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C K Boyce
- Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- R M Hazen
- Geophysical Laboratory and NASA Astrobiology Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hazen RM, Filley TR, Goodfriend GA. Selective adsorption of L- and D-amino acids on calcite: Implications for biochemical homochirality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:5487-90. [PMID: 11331767 PMCID: PMC33239 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.101085998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2001] [Accepted: 02/20/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of biochemical homochirality was a key step in the origin of life, yet prebiotic mechanisms for chiral separation are not well constrained. Here we demonstrate a geochemically plausible scenario for chiral separation of amino acids by adsorption on mineral surfaces. Crystals of the common rock-forming mineral calcite (CaCO(3)), when immersed in a racemic aspartic acid solution, display significant adsorption and chiral selectivity of d- and l-enantiomers on pairs of mirror-related crystal-growth surfaces. This selective adsorption is greater on crystals with terraced surface textures, which indicates that d- and l-aspartic acid concentrate along step-like linear growth features. Thus, selective adsorption of linear arrays of d- and l-amino acids on calcite, with subsequent condensation polymerization, represents a plausible geochemical mechanism for the production of homochiral polypeptides on the prebiotic Earth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Hazen
- Geophysical Laboratory and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Abstract
Experiments exploring the potential catalytic role of iron sulfide at 250 degrees C and elevated pressures (50, 100, and 200 megapascals) revealed a facile, pressure-enhanced synthesis of organometallic phases formed through the reaction of alkyl thiols and carbon monoxide with iron sulfide. A suite of organometallic compounds were characterized with ultraviolet-visible and Raman spectroscopy. The natural synthesis of such compounds is anticipated in present-day and ancient environments wherever reduced hydrothermal fluids pass through iron sulfide-containing crust. Here, pyruvic acid was synthesized in the presence of such organometallic phases. These compounds could have provided the prebiotic Earth with critical biochemical functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G D Cody
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The production of organic precursors to life depends critically on the form of the reactants. In particular, an environment dominated by N2 is far less efficient in synthesizing nitrogen-bearing organics than a reducing environment rich in ammonia. Relatively reducing lithospheric conditions on the early Earth have been presumed to favour the generation of an ammonia-rich atmosphere, but this hypothesis has not been studied experimentally. Here we demonstrate mineral-catalysed reduction of N2, NO2- and NO3- to ammonia at temperatures between 300 and 800 degrees C and pressures of 0.1-0.4 GPa-conditions typical of crustal and oceanic hydrothermal systems. We also show that only N2 is stable above 800 degrees C, thus precluding significant atmospheric ammonia formation during hot accretion. We conclude that mineral-catalysed N2 reduction might have provided a significant source of ammonia to the Hadean ocean. These results also suggest that, whereas nitrogen in the Earth's early atmosphere was present predominantly as N2, exchange with oceanic, hydrothermally derived ammonia could have provided a significant amount of the atmospheric ammonia necessary to resolve the early-faint-Sun paradox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Brandes
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hazen RM, Downs RT. Systematic crystal chemistry of high-pressure silicates: an interactive graphics demonstration. Acta Crystallogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767396077847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
13
|
Abstract
Recent syntheses of high-pressure alkali and alkaline earth silicates reveal a class of framework structures with corner-linked 4- and 6-coordinated silicon. These compounds possess the structural formula (A4-2x1+Bx2+)SimVI(SinIVO2(m+n)+2), where x, m, and n specify the amounts of alkaline earth, 6-coordinated silicon, and 4-coordinated silicon, respectively. Appropriate values of m and n yield a range of high-pressure structures, from fully 4-coordinated to fully 6-coordinated silicate frameworks. Recognition of this class of framework silicates leads to predictions of high-pressure structures as well as room-pressure isomorphs of high-pressure silicates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RM Hazen
- Geophysical Laboratory and Center for High Pressure Research, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Abstract
Compressibilities of five silicate spinels, including gamma-Mg(2)SiO(4), gamma-Fe(2)SiO(4), Ni(2)SiO(4) and two ferromagnesian compositions, were determined on crystals positioned in the same high-pressure mount. Subjection of all crystals simultaneously to the same pressure revealed differences in compressibility that resulted from compositional differences. Ferromagnesian silicate spinels showed an anomalous 13 percent increase in bulk modulus with increasing iron content, from Mg(2)SiO(4) (184 gigapascals) to Fe(2)SiO(4) (207 gigapascals). This result suggests that ferrous iron and magnesium, which behave similarly under crustal conditions, are chemically more distinct at high pressures characteristic of the transition zone and lower mantle.
Collapse
|
16
|
Finger LW, Hazen RM. Crystal chemistry of six-coordinated silicon: a key to understanding the earth's deep interior. Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci 1991. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108768191004214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Hemley RJ, Mao HK, Finger LW, Jephcoat AP, Hazen RM, Zha CS. Equation of state of solid hydrogen and deuterium from single-crystal x-ray diffraction to 26.5 GPa. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:6458-6470. [PMID: 9994729 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.6458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
19
|
Finger LW, Ko J, Hazen RM, Gasparik T, Hemley RJ, Prewitt CT, Weidner DJ. Crystal chemistry of phase B and an anhydrous analogue: implications for water storage in the upper mantle. Nature 1989. [DOI: 10.1038/341140a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Morris DE, Nickel JH, Wei JY, Asmar NG, Scott JS, Scheven UM, Hultgren CT, Markelz AG, Post JE, Heaney PJ, Veblen DR, Hazen RM. Eight new high-temperature superconductors with the 1:2:4 structure. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:7347-7350. [PMID: 9947406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.7347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
21
|
Sheng ZZ, Hermann AM, Vier DC, Schultz S, Oseroff SB, George DJ, Hazen RM. Superconductivity in the Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 38:7074-7076. [PMID: 9945403 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.38.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
22
|
Hazen RM, Finger LW, Angel RJ, Prewitt CT, Ross NL, Hadidiacos CG, Heaney PJ, Veblen DR, Sheng ZZ, Hermann AM. 100-K superconducting phases in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O system. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 60:1657-1660. [PMID: 10038103 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.1657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
23
|
Hazen RM, Prewitt CT, Angel RJ, Ross NL, Finger LW, Hadidiacos CG, Veblen DR, Heaney PJ, Hor PH, Meng RL, Sun YY, Wang YQ, Xue YY, Huang ZJ, Gao L, Bechtold J, Chu CW. Superconductivity in the high-Tc Bi-Ca-Sr-Cu-O system: Phase identification. Phys Rev Lett 1988; 60:1174-1177. [PMID: 10037960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.60.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
|
24
|
Veblen DR, Heaney PJ, Angel RJ, Finger LW, Hazen RM, Prewitt CT, Ross NL, Chu CW, Hor PH, Meng RL. Crystallography, chemistry and structural disorder in the new high- Tc Bi–Ca–Sr–Cu–O superconductor. Nature 1988. [DOI: 10.1038/332334a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Finger LW, Hazen RM. Crystal structure of monoclinic ilvaite and the nature of the monoclinic-orthorhombic transition at high pressure. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 1987. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1987.179.14.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
26
|
Hazen RM, Mao HK, Finger LW, Hemley RJ. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction of n-H2 at high pressure. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:3944-3947. [PMID: 9943345 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
27
|
Hazen RM, Finger LW, Angel RJ, Prewitt CT, Ross NL, Mao HK, Hadidiacos CG, Hor PH, Meng RL, Chu CW. Erratum: Crystallographic description of phases in the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:3966. [PMID: 9943353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
28
|
Hazen RM, Finger LW, Angel RJ, Prewitt CT, Ross NL, Mao HK, Hadidiacos CG, Hor PH, Meng RL, Chu CW. Crystallographic description of phases in the Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 35:7238-7241. [PMID: 9941012 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.35.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
|
29
|
|
30
|
|
31
|
Abstract
Unit cell parameters of synthetic zeolite 4A were measured at several pressures to 40 kilobars with both water and an alcohol mixture as hydrostatic pressure media. Compression in water was normal, with no observed phase transitions. Compression in alcohols was twice as great as in water, and three volume discontinuities were observed. These volume changes in alcohol were rapid with increasing pressure but sluggish in reverse. High-pressure "phases," all of which are dimensionally cubic, are progressively more compressible at high pressure. These unusual high-pressure phenomena, which indicate significant interactions between zeolite 4A and the hydrostatic media, are consistent with differences in zeolite adsorption of water alcohols.
Collapse
|
32
|
Hazen RM, Mariathasan JW. Bismuth Vanadate: A High-Pressure, High-Temperature Crystallographic Study of the Ferroelastic-Paraelastic Transition. Science 1982; 216:991-3. [PMID: 17809071 DOI: 10.1126/science.216.4549.991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Lattice dimensions of bismuth vanadate have been determined under 37 different high-pressure or high-temperature conditions or a combination of these conditions. New high-pressure, high-temperature, single-crystal x-ray techniques were used to bracket the reversible monoclinic (ferroelastic) to tetragonal (paraelastic) transition.
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
Abstract
Transformations involving a change from tetrahedrally coordinated to octahedrally coordinated silicon ((IV)Si --> (VI)Si) are observed to occur at high pressure when the mean (IV)Si-O bond compresses to approximately 1.59 angstroms based on known room-pressure crystal structures, Si-O bond compressibilities, and pressures of (IV)Si --> (VI)Si transformations. The lower two-thirds of the mantle transition zone of high-density gradient (500 to 900 kilometers) corresponds to the predicted range of (IV)Si --> (VI)Si transformations. The 10 percent density increase of this zone at zero pressure is attributed primarily to the density increase associated with the change in silicon coordination. Below 900 kilometers all silicon is predicted to be in octahedral or greater coordination. The concept of cation polyhedral stability fields is defined.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
High sanidine, (K,Na)AlSi(3)O(8), transforms reversibly to a triclinic phase at high pressure. This is analogous to the high-temperature monalbite transformation. Disordered alkali feldspars of various compositions have unit-cell dimensions which are very similar at the transition (a = 8.30 A, b = 12.97 A, c = 7.14 A, and beta = 116.2 degrees ), indicating that the transformation is structurally controlled. Changes in temperature, pressure, and the sodium/potassium ratio cause similar structural variations: angles between adjacent, rigid tetrahedra vary to accommodate changing effective alkali cation sizes.
Collapse
|