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Sugrue R, Foley O, Elias KM, Growdon WB, Sisodia RMC, Berkowitz RS, Horowitz NS. Outcomes of minimally invasive versus open abdominal hysterectomy in patients with gestational trophoblastic disease. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 160:445-449. [PMID: 33272644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare surgical and oncologic outcomes for women undergoing MIH or open abdominal hysterectomy (OAH) for management of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). METHODS Patients who underwent hysterectomy for GTD between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2018 were identified using an institutional database and tumor registry. Patients were stratified based on indication for and mode of hysterectomy. RESULTS 39 patients underwent hysterectomy for GTD - 22 MIH and 17 OAH. 26 hysterectomies (66.7%) were performed for primary treatment of GTD, 7 (17.9%) for chemoresistance, 2 (5.1%) for uterine hemorrhage, and 4 (10.3%) for other indications. Mean tumor size (4.2 vs 4.6 cm; p = .81) and operative time (136 vs 163 mins; p = .42) were similar in both groups. MIH was associated with significantly less blood loss (71.5 vs 427.3 ml; p = .03) and shorter hospital stay (1.5 vs 3.9 days, p = .02) than OAH. Postoperative histology comprised 12 complete moles (6 invasive), 8 choriocarcinomas, 9 placental site trophoblastic tumors and 9 epithelioid trophoblastic tumors. Median follow-up was 67.2 months (50.2 MIH, 79.3 OAH; range 11.1-131.2) and there was no difference in remission (81.8% MIH vs 76.5% OAH; p = .68). There were 7 recurrences (4 MIH, 3 OAH) and 3 deaths (2 MIH, 1 OAH). Overall survival was 97.3% at 2 years and 88.5% at 5 years. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival by mode of surgery (MIH 90.9%, OAH 83.3%; p = .40). CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing MIH at our centers have similar oncologic outcomes, lower surgical blood loss and shorter hospital stay compared to those undergoing OAH. Overall survival is similar regardless of mode of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sugrue
- The New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - O Foley
- The New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - K M Elias
- The New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - W B Growdon
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - R M C Sisodia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - R S Berkowitz
- The New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - N S Horowitz
- The New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Horowitz
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R S Berkowitz
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K M Elias
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Gonzalez R, Gockley AA, Melamed A, Sugrue R, Clark RM, Del Carmen MG, Growdon W, Berkowitz RS, Horowitz NS, Worley MJ. Multivariable analysis of association of beta-blocker use and survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2020; 157:700-705. [PMID: 32222327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to evaluate the relationship between survival and beta blocker use in both the primary and interval debulking setting while adjusting for frequently co-administered medications. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study reviewing charts of women who underwent primary or interval cytoreduction for stage IIIC and IV epithelial ovarian cancer. The exposure of interest was beta-blocker use identified at the time of cytoreduction. The outcomes of interest were PFS and OS. We collected demographic/prognostic variables and information about use of aspirin, metformin, and statins. We used the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models in survival analyses. RESULTS 534 women who underwent surgery for stage IIIC or IV ovarian cancer were included in the study. The median age at diagnosis was 64 and 84.8% of women had serous carcinoma. We identified 105 women (19.7%) on a beta-blocker of whom 94 (90%) were on a cardioselective beta-blocker. Additionally, 24 women (4.5%) were on metformin, 91 (17%) on aspirin, and 128 (24%) on a statin. In univariable analysis, beta-blocker users had a median overall survival of 29 months vs 35 months among non-users (hazard ratio HR = 1.52, p = 0.007). After adjustment for important demographic, clinical, and histopathologic factors, as well as use of other common medications, beta-blocker use remain associated with an increased hazard of death (adjusted HR 1.57, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, we found that patients identified as being on a beta-blocker at the time of surgery had worse overall survival and greater risk of death when compared to those patients not on betablockers. Importantly, 90% of patients on beta-blockers were identified as being on a cardioselective beta-blocker.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gonzalez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America.
| | - A A Gockley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - A Melamed
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - R Sugrue
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - R M Clark
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - M G Del Carmen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - W Growdon
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Vincent Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - R S Berkowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - N S Horowitz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - M J Worley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Chung TKH, Lau TS, Cheung TH, Yim SF, Lo KWK, Siu NSS, Chan LKY, Yu MY, Kwong J, Doran G, Barroilhet LM, Ng ASW, Wong RRY, Wang VW, Mok SC, Smith DI, Berkowitz RS, Wong YF. Dysregulation of microRNA-204 mediates migration and invasion of endometrial cancer by regulating FOXC1. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:1036-45. [PMID: 21400511 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate mRNA stability and protein expression, and certain miRNAs have been demonstrated to act either as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Differential miRNA expression signatures have been documented in many human cancers but the role of miRNAs in endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) remains poorly understood. This study identifies significantly dysregulated miRNAs of EEC cells, and characterizes their impact on the malignant phenotype. We studied the expression of 365 human miRNAs using Taqman low density arrays in EECs and normal endometriums. Candidate differentially expressed miRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression of highly dysregulated miRNAs was examined in vitro through the effect of anti-/pre-miRNA transfection on the malignant phenotype. We identified 16 significantly dysregulated miRNAs in EEC and 7 of these are novel findings with respect to EEC. Antagonizing the function of miR-7, miR-194 and miR-449b, or overexpressing miR-204, repressed migration, invasion and extracellular matrix-adhesion in HEC1A endometrial cancer cells. FOXC1 was determined as a target gene of miR-204, and two binding sites in the 3'-untranslated region were validated by dual luciferase reporter assay. FOXC1 expression was inversely related to miR-204 expression in EEC. Functional analysis revealed the involvement of FOXC1 in migration and invasion of HEC1A cells. Our results present dysfunctional miRNAs in endometrial cancer and identify a crucial role for miR-204-FOXC1 interaction in endometrial cancer progression. This miRNA signature offers a potential biomarker for predicting EEC outcomes, and targeting of these cancer progression- and metastasis-related miRNAs offers a novel potential therapeutic strategy for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K H Chung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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May T, Barroilhet LM, Yang J, Singh M, Welch WR, Sugrue SP, Berkowitz RS, Ng S. Effect of increased expression of C-terminal binding protein-2 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma on DNA repair pathways and tumor response to histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.5075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Barroilhet LM, Yang J, Hasselblatt K, Welch W, Berkowitz RS, Ng S. Expression of tumor-associated antigen C-terminal binding protein-2 in epithelial ovarian tumors and effect on response to HDAC inhibitors in vitro. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.5079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Koon EC, Ma PC, Salgia R, Welch WR, Christensen JG, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Effect of a c-Met-specific, ATP-competitive small-molecule inhibitor SU11274 on human ovarian carcinoma cell growth, motility, and invasion. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007; 18:976-84. [PMID: 18021219 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01135.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met has been shown to correlate with enhanced cell proliferation, motility, and invasion. The objectives of this study were to characterize total and activated c-Met expression in both normal and malignant human ovarian epithelial cells and to determine the effects of inhibiting the activation of c-Met on ovarian epithelial cell growth, motility, and invasion. Total c-Met was overexpressed in 82 (68%) of 119 ovarian carcinomas, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses revealed that ovarian carcinoma cell lines had higher levels of c-Met messenger RNA, total protein, and activated protein expression compared to normal ovarian epithelial cell cultures. Using a specific adenosine triphosphate-competitive small-molecule inhibitor, SU11274, activated c-Met was decreased in normal and ovarian carcinoma cell lines. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays showed that cell growth inhibition directly correlated to the level of activated c-Met detected in each cell line (r =-0.87, P = 0.012). Using modified Boyden chamber assays, ovarian carcinoma cells treated with SU11274 demonstrated significantly decreased cell motility and invasion compared to untreated cells (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively). These data indicate that c-Met is overexpressed in the majority of malignant ovarian epithelial cells both in vivo and in vitro and that decreasing activated c-Met in vitro can significantly decrease ovarian carcinoma cell growth, motility, and invasion. Developing therapies that specifically inhibit the activation of c-Met may represent a novel therapeutic modality for patients with ovarian carcinomas expressing high levels of c-Met.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Koon
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Tsuda H, Ogawa Y, Nishimura S, Kajitani K, Kawamura N, Hashiguchi Y, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. ABCF2 expression in endometrial cancer and breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5035 Background: ABCF2 is a new member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily gene. We previously reported that ABCF2 protein is new biomarker in clear cell adenocarcinoma (CC) of the ovary and its expression may predict the response to chemotherapy and survival of CC patients (Proc ASCO 2005, Clin Cancer Res 2005). Both breast cancer (BC) and endometorial cancer (EC) are estrogen-dependent tumors, however, their biological behavior differ. In this study, we examined ABCF2 expression in EMCA and BC and evaluated the relationship between ABCF2 expression and clinical factor. Methods: Formalin-fixed surgical samples from 100 EMCA and 191 BC patients were included in this study. ABCF2 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Positive expression of ABCF2 was > 10% based on the cytoplasmic staining. Results: Histologic types and stage were as followed: EMCA: (Endometrioid (EM): 92; Adenosquamous (AS): 8), (I: 63; II: 5; III: 30; IV: 2). BC: (Papillo tu (PP): 60; Solid tub (SL): 38; Scirrhous (SC): 77; Other (OT): 15). Breast cancer was sub-classified into 3 types according to the criteria of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society. The relationship between ABCF2 expression and histologic type was shown in table. In EMCA and BC, there were no significant relationship between ABCF2 expression and clinical factor like stage, histologic type, grade and estrogen receptor (ER). In EMCA, ABCF2 expression was not related with disease free survival (DFS). However, in BC, ABCF2-positive tumors had longer DFS than ABCF2-negative tumors (p = 0.03). The ABCF2 expression were correlated with further biological variables such as tumor stage, lympho node metastasis, nuclear grade and ER status for DFS by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that ABCF2 was an independent prognostic factor (HR 0.46; p = 0.018). Conclusion: The role of ABCF2 protein may differ between EMCA and BC. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Tsuda
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Ogawa
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S. Nishimura
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - K. Kajitani
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - N. Kawamura
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Hashiguchi
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - R. S. Berkowitz
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S. C. Mok
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Nishimura S, Tsuda H, Kajitani K, Hashiguchi Y, Kawamura N, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. ABCF2 expression may predict the prognosis of cervical cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.5045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
5045 Background: ABCF2 is a new member of the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily gene. We previously reported that ABCF2 protein is new biomarker in clear cell adenocarcinoma (CC) of the ovary and its expression may predict the response to chemotherapy and survival of CC patients (Proc ASCO 2005, Clin Cancer Res 2005). In this study, we examined ABCF2 expression in cervical cancer (CACX) and evaluated the relationship between ABCF2 expression and clinical factor. Methods: Formalin-fixed surgical samples from one hundred fourty CACX were included in this study. ABCF2 expression was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Positive expression of ABCF2 was >10% based on the cytoplasmic staining. Results: One hundred fourty patients were included in this study. The clinical stage was I in 86 patients, II in 38 patients, III in 10 patients, and IV in 6 patients. Histologic types were squamous cell carcinoma (SC) in 101 patients and non-squamous cell carcinoma (NSC) in 39 patients. The positive rate of ABCF2 in advanced stage (III + IV) was significantly higher than it in early stage (I + II) (p = 0.03). However, histologic type was not related with ABCF2 expression (SC 49.5% vs NSC 59.0%, p = 0.35). ABCF2-negative tumors had longer overall survival (OS) than ABCF2-positive tumors (p = 0.0014). The ABCF2 expression were correlated with further biological variables such as age, tumor stage, and histologic type for OS rate by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that stage and ABCF2 were independent prognostic factor (Hazards ratio (HR) = 4.66, p = 0.0005; HR = 0.34, p = 0.025). Conclusions: The role of ABCF2 protein may predict the prognosis of CACX. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nishimura
- Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - H. Tsuda
- Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - K. Kajitani
- Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Hashiguchi
- Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - N. Kawamura
- Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - R. S. Berkowitz
- Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - S. C. Mok
- Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Nishimura S, Tsuda H, Ito YM, Ito K, Yaegashi N, Birrer MJ, Ohashi Y, Hashiguchi Y, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. ABCF2 is a new biomarker of ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.5050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nishimura
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - H. Tsuda
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Y. M. Ito
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - K. Ito
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - N. Yaegashi
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - M. J. Birrer
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Ohashi
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Hashiguchi
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - R. S. Berkowitz
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - S. C. Mok
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
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Tsuda H, Ito YM, Ito K, Nishimura S, Yaegashi N, Birrer MJ, Ohashi Y, Hashiguchi Y, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Prognostic value of ABCF2 in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. Tsuda
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Y. M. Ito
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - K. Ito
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - S. Nishimura
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - N. Yaegashi
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - M. J. Birrer
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Ohashi
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - Y. Hashiguchi
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - R. S. Berkowitz
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
| | - S. C. Mok
- Osaka City Gen Hosp, Osaka, Japan; Univ of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Tohoku Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Brigham & Women’s Hosp, Boston, MA
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Abstract
Kallikrein 6 (hK6, also known as protease M/zyme/neurosin) is a member of the human kallikrein gene family. We have previously cloned the cDNA for this gene by differential display and shown the overexpression of the mRNA in breast and ovarian primary tumour tissues and cell lines. To thoroughly characterise the expression of this kallikrein in ovarian cancer, we have developed a novel monoclonal antibody specific to hK6 and employed it in immunohistochemistry with a wide range of ovarian tumour samples. The expression was found elevated in 67 of 80 cases of ovarian tumour samples and there was a significant difference in the expression levels between normal and benign ovarian tissues and the borderline and invasive tumours (P<0.001). There was no difference of expression level between different subtypes of tumours. More significantly, high level of kallikrein 6 expression was found in many early-stage and low-grade tumours, and elevated hK6 proteins were found in benign epithelia coexisting with borderline and invasive tissues, suggesting that overexpression of hK6 is an early phenomenon in the development of ovarian cancer. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reactions also showed elevated kallikrein 6 mRNA expression in ovarian tumours. Genomic Southern analysis of 19 ovarian tumour samples suggested that gene amplification is one mechanism for the overexpression of hK6 in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Ni
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gillette Center For Women's Cancer, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gillette Center For Women's Cancer, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - K-C Huang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gillette Center For Women's Cancer, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S-K Ng
- Department of Mathematics, Centre of Statistics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - S C Mok
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gillette Center For Women's Cancer, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R S Berkowitz
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gillette Center For Women's Cancer, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S-W Ng
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Gillette Center For Women's Cancer, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, 221 Longwood Avenue, BLI 449A, Boston, MA 02115, USA. E-mail:
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13
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Mok SC, Chao J, Skates S, Wong K, Yiu GK, Muto MG, Berkowitz RS, Cramer DW. Prostasin, a potential serum marker for ovarian cancer: identification through microarray technology. J Natl Cancer Inst 2001; 93:1458-64. [PMID: 11584061 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/93.19.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening biomarkers for ovarian cancer are needed because of its late stage at diagnosis and poor survival. We used microarray technology to identify overexpressed genes for secretory proteins as potential serum biomarkers and selected prostasin, a serine protease normally secreted by the prostate gland, for further study. METHODS RNA was isolated and pooled from three ovarian cancer cell lines and from three normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cell lines. Complementary DNA generated from these pools was hybridized to a microarray slide, and genes overexpressed in the cancer cells were identified. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to examine prostasin gene expression in ovarian cancer and HOSE cell lines. Anti-prostasin antibodies were used to examine prostasin expression and to measure serum prostasin by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 64 case patients with ovarian cancer and in 137 control subjects. Previously determined levels of CA 125, an ovarian cancer marker, were available from about 70% of all subjects. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Prostasin was detected by immunostaining more strongly in cancerous ovarian epithelial cells and stroma than in normal ovarian tissue. The mean level of serum prostasin was 13.7 microg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] = 10.5 to 16.9 microg/mL) in 64 case patients with ovarian cancer and 7.5 microg/mL (95% CI = 6.6 to 8.3 microg/mL) in 137 control subjects (P<.001, after adjustment for the subject's age, year of collection, and specimen quality). In 14 of 16 case patients with both preoperative and postoperative serum samples, postoperative prostasin levels were statistically significantly lower than preoperative levels (P =.004). In 37 case patients with nonmucinous ovarian cancer and in 100 control subjects for whom levels of CA 125 and prostasin were available, the combination of markers gave a sensitivity of 92% (95% CI = 78.1% to 98.3%) and a specificity of 94% (95% CI = 87.4% to 97.7%) for detecting ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Prostasin is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer and should be investigated further as a screening or tumor marker, alone and in combination with CA 125.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Mok
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Ortiz BH, Ailawadi M, Colitti C, Muto MG, Deavers M, Silva EG, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC, Gershenson DM. Second primary or recurrence? Comparative patterns of p53 and K-ras mutations suggest that serous borderline ovarian tumors and subsequent serous carcinomas are unrelated tumors. Cancer Res 2001; 61:7264-7. [PMID: 11585764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The role of serous borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) in the pathogenesis of serous ovarian carcinomas is unclear. Some authors have compared mutations in serous BOTs to those in serous ovarian carcinomas, but the data on two common oncogenes, p53 and K-ras, remain inconclusive. To further clarify the relationship between the two tumors, we performed mutational analysis on tumors from a set of eight patients who first presented with advanced-stage serous BOTs and later developed grade 1 serous carcinomas. Epithelium from eight advanced-stage serous BOTs and subsequent grade 1 papillary serous carcinomas was microdissected and retrieved using a PixCell laser-capture microscope. Stroma was dissected as an internal control. The DNA was extracted with proteinase K and analyzed by single-strand conformational polymorphism-PCR for p53 and K-ras mutations. Bands with altered motility were analyzed by direct cycle sequencing. Seven of eight patients demonstrated different mutations in the secondary tumor compared with the primary tumor. For three patients, p53 mutations were identified in the BOTs that were absent from the carcinomas, suggesting a nonclonal origin for the carcinomas. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that advanced-stage serous BOTs represent a distinct pathological entity compared with grade 1 serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/pathology
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/surgery
- Female
- Genes, p53/genetics
- Genes, ras/genetics
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/surgery
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery
- Ovariectomy
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Ortiz
- Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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15
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Feltmate CM, Genest DR, Wise L, Bernstein MR, Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS. Placental site trophoblastic tumor: a 17-year experience at the New England Trophoblastic Disease Center. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 82:415-9. [PMID: 11520134 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2001.6265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We reviewed cases of placental site trophoblastic tumors from the New England Trophoblastic Disease Center (NETDC) database from 1982-1999 in an effort to identify prognostic factors for recurrent disease. METHODS A chart review was performed utilizing patients identified from the NETDC database. Data obtained included patient age at diagnosis, antecedent pregnancy, duration and extent of disease, presenting symptoms, pre- and posttreatment hCG levels, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, treatment and outcome of patients. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test and chi(2) test when appropriate. RESULTS Thirteen patients were identified. All ultimately underwent hysterectomy although initial treatment of 1 patient was uterine resection. There were 5 recurrences (43%)--3 among the 9 patients who had no metastases on presentation (33%) and 2 of 3 patients who presented with metastases (66%). The 5 patients who recurred were among 8 who had received peri- or postoperative chemotherapy (62.5%). Treatment of recurrences included continued or alternate chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and/or excision of locally recurrent disease. Follow up time averaged 56.2 months (range 12-182 months). One of the 4 patients receiving chemotherapy < or =1 week after hysterectomy recurred, whereas all 4 patients who received chemotherapy 3 weeks or more after hysterectomy recurred. Uterine tumor volume was significantly greater, 154.1 cm(3), in patients with initial metastases versus 42.3 cm(3) in patients without initial metastases (P = 0.04). Mitotic index (P = 0.04) was significantly increased in patients who developed recurrent disease. CONCLUSION High mitotic index appears to be an adverse prognostic indicator for recurrence. Hysterectomy remains the mainstay of treatment. Chemotherapy is indicated for patients with metastases and may be indicated when the mitotic index is >5 mitoses/10 HPF. Radiation treatment may play a role in recurrent disease but must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Feltmate
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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16
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Penson RT, Supko JG, Seiden MV, Fuller AF, Berkowitz RS, Goodman A, Campos SM, MacNeill KM, Cook S, Matulonis UA. A Phase I-II study of 96-hour infusional topotecan and paclitaxel for patients with recurrent Müllerian tumors. Cancer 2001; 92:1156-67. [PMID: 11571729 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010901)92:5<1156::aid-cncr1434>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topotecan and paclitaxel are schedule dependent chemotherapeutic agents with activity against ovarian carcinoma. A Phase I-II study in which both drugs were administered concurrently by 96-hour, continuous, intravenous infusion was performed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), toxicities, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of the combination. METHODS Women with ovarian or primary peritoneal carcinoma and documented recurrent disease were eligible for the study. The dose of topotecan was escalated from 1.6 mg/m(2) while maintaining the paclitaxel dose constant at 100 mg/m(2). Plasma concentrations of both drugs were monitored daily during the first cycle of therapy. RESULTS Forty-five patients with a median age of 54 years (range, 42-70 years) received 181 cycles of therapy. Five patients were recruited to each of four dose levels (topotecan 1.6 mg/m(2), 2.0 mg/m(2), 2.8 mg/m(2), and 3.6 mg/m(2)), and an additional 25 patients were treated at the MTD (Phase II). Neutropenia and thrombocytopenia became dose limiting toxicities (DLT) at the fourth dose level. Emesis, mucositis, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, and alopecia were mild. Twenty patients (44%) had line-related occlusion, thrombosis, or infection. The mean values (+/- standard deviation) of the apparent steady-state plasma concentrations at the Phase II doses were 2.3 nM +/- 0.5 nM for topotecan lactone, 5.6 nM +/- 2.1 nM for total topotecan, and 40.1 nM +/- 16.8 nM for paclitaxel. There were seven partial responses (Phase II) contributing to an objective response rate of 28% and a median survival time of 11.7 months (range, 0.6-20.1 months). CONCLUSIONS Topotecan at a dose of 2.8 mg/m(2) and paclitaxel at a dose of 100 mg/m(2) administered by concurrent, 96-hour, continuous intravenous infusions shows activity against tumors of Müllerian origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Penson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114-2617, USA
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17
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Yiu GK, Chan WY, Ng SW, Chan PS, Cheung KK, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) induces apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Am J Pathol 2001; 159:609-22. [PMID: 11485919 PMCID: PMC1850537 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is an extracellular Ca(2+)-binding matricellular glycoprotein that associates with cell populations undergoing migration, morphogenesis, and differentiation. Studies on endothelial cells have established that its principal functions in vitro are counteradhesion and antiproliferation. The mechanism(s) underlying these antitumor effects is unknown. In this study, we showed that SPARC expression in ovarian cancer cells is inversely correlated with the degree of malignancy. The immunohistochemical data presented here confirmed the importance of diminished SPARC expression in ovarian cancer development. Treating human ovarian surface epithelial cells and ovarian cancer cells with SPARC revealed that as SPARC inhibits the proliferation of both normal and cancer cells, it induces apoptosis only in cancer cells. This observation indicates that down-regulation of SPARC is essential for ovarian carcinogenesis as cancer cells become sensitized to the apoptotic activity of SPARC during malignant transformation. We also showed here the first direct evidence that putative SPARC receptors are present on ovarian epithelial cells. Their levels are higher in human ovarian surface epithelial cells than cancer cells. Binding of SPARC to its receptor is likely to trigger tissue-specific signaling pathways that mediate its tumor suppressing functions. Decrease in ligand-receptor interaction by the down-regulation of SPARC and/or its receptor is essential for ovarian carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Yiu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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18
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Abstract
We explored the possible pathogenetic pathway for mucinous ovarian tumorigenesis by examining the k-ras mutational patterns in ovarian mucinous tumors (OMTs) with benign, borderline, and invasive epithelium in which the different types of mucinous epithelium are in close proximity. Sixteen patients with ovarian mucinous borderline tumors (OMBTs) and 4 patients with grade 1 ovarian mucinous adenocarcinomas (OMCs) were selected for the presence of a single histologic section which contained a clear "transition" zone from benign mucinous epithelium to borderline mucinous epithelium, and in four cases, to invasive epithelium. A PixCell II Laser Capture Microscope was used to microdissect and retrieve benign, borderline, and invasive epithelium separately from the 20 OMTs. Normal ovarian stroma from the same histologic section in each case was also microdissected and retrieved for use as a control. k-ras mutations were detected in these samples by PCR-SSCP analysis followed by direct PCR cycle sequencing. k-ras mutations were found in 8/16 (50%) of the OMBTs and 2/4 (50%) of the grade 1 OMCs. In 6 of these 10 cases (4 in OMBTs, 2 in grade 1 OMCs), the same k-ras mutation was found in both the benign and borderline (and invasive) regions. In 3 cases in which k-ras mutations were identified, the mutation was found in either the benign or borderline tissue samples alone, and in one case, two distinct mutations were found. No k-ras mutations were identified in the normal ovarian stroma. The presence of a k-ras mutation in adjacent benign and borderline regions of a single OMT may suggest a progression in the development of OMTs from benign to borderline and grade 1 OMCs. k-ras mutations, when they occur, are likely early genetic changes but may not alone be sufficient for malignant transformation of ovarian epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Garrett
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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Wang VW, Bell DA, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Whole genome amplification and high-throughput allelotyping identified five distinct deletion regions on chromosomes 5 and 6 in microdissected early-stage ovarian tumors. Cancer Res 2001; 61:4169-74. [PMID: 11358841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of genetic changes in tumors by loss of heterozygosity is a powerful technique for identifying chromosomal regions that may contain tumor suppressor genes. In this study, we determined allelic loss on chromosomes 5 and 6 in 29 primary early-stage epithelial ovarian carcinomas including 3 microscopically identified adenocarcinomas using a high-throughput PCR-based method combined with laser capture microdissection and whole genome amplification techniques. Twenty microsatellite markers spanning chromosomes 5 and 6 at an average distance of 20 cM were examined. High frequencies of loss on chromosome 5 were identified at loci D5S428 (48%), D5S424 (32%), and D5S630 (32%). Our study also showed that chromosome 6 exhibited high frequencies of loss of heterozygosity at loci D6S1574 (46%), D6S287 (42%), D6S441 (45%), D6S264 (60%), and D6S281 (35%). These results suggest that multiple tumor suppressor genes are located on five distinct regions on chromosomes 5 and 6, i.e., 5p15.2, 5q13-21, 6p24-25, 6q21-23, and 6q25.1-27, and may be involved in the early development of ovarian carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Wang
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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20
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Campos SM, Penson RT, Mays AR, Berkowitz RS, Fuller AF, Goodman A, Matulonis UA, Muzikansky A, Seiden MV. The clinical utility of liposomal doxorubicin in recurrent ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 81:206-12. [PMID: 11330951 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.5980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and toxicity of single agent off-protocol, liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil Alza), in consecutive patients with recurrent ovarian cancer and to investigate the influence of HER-2/neu expression on response to liposomal doxorubicin. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 72 consecutive patients treated, typically with liposomal doxorubicin 40 mg/m(2) q28 days between January 1997 and December 1998. Results. Twenty-nine patients (40%) had platinum- and taxane-resistant tumors. Nineteen patients (27%) responded with clinical or radiological evidence of response with reduction in CA-125 of >50%. One complete response (CR) and 7 partial responses (PRs) occurred in platinum- and taxane-resistant patients (radiological response (RR) 29%) and 8 PRs occurred in patients with visceral metastases (RR 28%). Time to progression was 5.3 (2.1-12.1) months. Only 7 dose delays (3%) and 20 dose reductions (8%) were necessary in 265 cycles of treatment. Hematological toxicity was generally mild with grade (Gr) > or =III neutropenia in 1 (2%), Gr > or =III thrombocytopenia in 1 (1%), and Gr > or =III anemia in 8 patients (11%). One patient (1%) was admitted with fever and neutropenia. Other toxicity was minimal with Gr > or =III mucositis occurring in 3 patients (4%). Gr > or =III cutaneous toxicity was seen in 6 patients (8%). Three patients (4%) had a >10% fall in ejection fraction but there was no unequivocal clinical heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that liposomal doxorubicin is an active drug in both taxane- and platinum-sensitive and resistant recurrent ovarian cancer. Liposomal doxorubicin is associated with tolerable toxicity and is particularly well tolerated in patients with multiple prior lines of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Campos
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute and the Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Berkowitz RS, Tuncer ZS, Bernstein MR, Goldstein DP. Management of gestational trophoblastic diseases: subsequent pregnancy experience. Semin Oncol 2000; 27:678-85. [PMID: 11130475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) can usually achieve complete sustained remission while retaining their fertility even in the presence of wide-spread metastasis. Following complete and partial mole, our patients had 1,239 and 205 later pregnancies, respectively, which resulted in 68.6% and 74.1% term live births, respectively. Patients with either type of hydatidiform mole have, in general, a normal later pregnancy experience. After one molar pregnancy, the risk of a molar pregnancy in a later conception was about 1%. Our patients who received chemotherapy for persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor had 522 later pregnancies, which resulted in 358 (68.6%) term live births and only 10 (2.5%) major and minor congenital anomalies. Data from other centers involving 2,598 later pregnancies also indicate that after chemotherapy patients can generally anticipate a normal future reproductive outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Berkowitz
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Berkowitz RS. Recent advances in the understanding of reproductive malignancies. A new section. J Reprod Med 2000; 45:691. [PMID: 11027077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R S Berkowitz
- Havard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115 USA
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23
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Schorge JO, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR, Berkowitz RS. Recent advances in gestational trophoblastic disease. J Reprod Med 2000; 45:692-700. [PMID: 11027078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances have increased our understanding of gestational trophoblastic disease, and epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that there are important differences in risk factors for complete and partial mole. Complete moles are now increasingly being diagnosed in the first trimester, affecting their clinical presentation and pathologic characteristics. While important advances have been made in chemotherapy, it is now recognized that etoposide is associated with a risk of second tumors. Several studies have advanced understanding of the molecular biology of gestational trophoblastic disease, and this is important for the eventual development of new and innovative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Schorge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Benson CB, Genest DR, Bernstein MR, Soto-Wright V, Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS. Sonographic appearance of first trimester complete hydatidiform moles. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000; 16:188-191. [PMID: 11117091 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-0705.2000.00201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Complete hydatidiform moles are now being diagnosed earlier in gestation, thus the clinical presentation and pathologic findings of complete molar pregnancy have changed. We studied the sonographic appearance of first trimester moles and the ability of ultrasound to detect them. METHODS We reviewed the sonographic interpretation and sonograms, when available, from all patients with first trimester complete moles diagnosed at our institution from January 1988 to March 1996. RESULTS Of the 24 patients in our study, the mean gestational age at time of the sonogram was 8.7 +/- 2.0 weeks (mean +/- SD) with a range of 5.7-12.3 weeks. The initial sonographic interpretation was a complete mole in 17 (71%) cases, partial mole versus failed pregnancy in two (8%), and failed pregnancy in five (21%) cases. Of the 22 patients with sonograms available for review, interpretation on review of the images was a complete mole in 18 (82%) cases, partial mole versus failed pregnancy in one (5%), and failed pregnancy in three (14%) cases. The typical sonographic appearance of a first trimester complete mole was a complex, echogenic, intra-uterine mass containing many small cystic spaces. CONCLUSION The majority of first trimester complete moles demonstrate a typical ultrasound appearance such that the diagnosis can be made with ultrasound in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Benson
- Department of Radiology, New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Huang LW, Garrett AP, Schorge JO, Muto MG, Bell DA, Welch WR, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Distinct allelic loss patterns in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 114:93-9. [PMID: 10884804 DOI: 10.1309/p51m-b66m-jfkw-er5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor and normal tissues from 55 patients with papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP) were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of tandem repeat polymorphism was used to screen for loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We mapped 22 oligonucleotide primers to chromosomes 1p, 3p, 6q, 7q, 9p, 11p, 17p, 17q, and Xq. Germline BRCA1 mutation status of 43 patients was determined previously. High frequencies (> 30%) of LOH in PSCP were observed on 6q, 9p, 17p, 17q, and Xq. Compared with allelic loss of serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (SEOC), the frequency of LOH was significantly lower in PSCP on 1p, 7q, 11p, 17p, and 17q. Of 43 cases screened for germline BRCA1 mutations, 9 cases were identified with mutations. The frequencies of LOH were not significantly different among the BRCA1-related and BRCA1-unrelated PSCP cases. The high LOH rate identified on 6q, 9p, 17p, 17q, and Xq in PSCP suggests that candidate tumor suppressor genes residing in these regions may be important for the development of the tumor. Compared with allelic loss of SEOC, PSCP exhibits a significantly lower frequency of LOH on chromosomes 1p36, 7q31.3, 11p15.1, 17p13.1, and 17q21. An increase in susceptibility to the acquisition of allelic loss in BRCA1-related PSCP cannot be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Lu KH, Garber JE, Cramer DW, Welch WR, Niloff J, Schrag D, Berkowitz RS, Muto MG. Occult ovarian tumors in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations undergoing prophylactic oophorectomy. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:2728-32. [PMID: 10894872 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.14.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To review the findings at prophylactic oophorectomy of a series of women who presented to a familial breast and ovarian cancer clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from medical charts, operative notes, and pathology reports were collected on women who had undergone prophylactic oophorectomies because of the elevated risk of ovarian cancer. Because only a subset of patients underwent BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing, each patient's risk of hereditary predisposition was calculated using the Berry-Parmigiani model and family history data. RESULTS From June 1989 to December 1998, 50 women seen at our clinic underwent prophylactic oophorectomy, 33 of whom had a calculated risk of carrying a germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation greater than 25%. Among this group, four incidental tumors were found (four of 33, or 12%); one tumor was noted at the time of surgery and three were noted only in the final pathology. Two patients had microscopic, poorly differentiated serous adenocarcinomas in multiple sites on both ovaries. A third patient had a bilateral serous borderline tumor with micropapillary features. The fourth patient had a microscopic serous borderline ovarian tumor. All four patients had germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, and three had unremarkable transvaginal ultrasonography examinations within 6 months before prophylactic surgery. CONCLUSION Foci of malignant tumor are not uncommon in prophylactic oophorectomies performed in women at very high risk for ovarian cancer and may not be detected on ultrasonograms. Surgeons should have a high suspicion of finding cancer in these women at the time of prophylactic surgery, and careful pathologic assessment of the specimens should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4095, USA
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Tuncer ZS, Vegh GL, Fulop V, Genest DR, Mok SC, Berkowitz RS. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor-related family products in gestational trophoblastic diseases and normal placenta and its relationship with development of postmolar tumor. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 77:389-93. [PMID: 10831347 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this work was to study the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and c-erbB-3 and c-erbB-4 oncogenes in gestational trophoblastic diseases and normal first-trimester placenta. STUDY DESIGN Paraffin sections of 16 cases of partial mole, 25 cases of complete mole, 10 cases of gestational choriocarcinoma, and 11 cases of therapeutic abortion were studied immunohistochemically for EGFR, c-erbB-3, and c-erbB-4 proteins. The presence of EGFR mRNA was studied using in situ hybridization. RESULTS Staining for EGFR was detected immunohistochemically in all cell types in gestational trophoblastic diseases and normal placenta. In situ hybridization for EGFR mRNA correlated with immunostaining for EGFR in all tissues studied. All 10 cases of choriocarcinoma exhibited strong immunoreactivity for EGFR. The levels of expression of EGFR in choriocarcinoma and syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts in complete mole were significantly greater than those in syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts in both normal placenta and partial mole (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Expression of c-erbB-3 did not significantly differ among placental and gestational trophoblastic disease tissues and trophoblastic cell types except for significantly increased expression in choriocarcinoma as compared with cytotrophoblasts of partial mole (P = 0.02). The placenta, complete and partial mole, and choriocarcinoma tissues demonstrated similar immunoreactivity for c-erbB-4. Strong immunostaining for EGFR (P = 0.02) and c-erbB-3 (P < 0.01) in extravillous trophoblasts of complete mole was found to be significantly correlated with the development of persistent postmolar gestational trophoblastic tumor. CONCLUSION The EGFR-related family of oncogenes may be important in the pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic diseases. The increased expression of EGFR and c-erbB-3 in complete mole may also influence the development of persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Tuncer
- Division of Women's and Perinatal Pathology, Deparment of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
Patients diagnosed with molar pregnancy are treated by either suction curettage or hysterectomy, depending on their desire to preserve fertility. We use single-agent chemotherapy, preferably methotrexate, to treat low- or moderate-risk persistent trophoblastic tumors. High-risk patients who have metastatic disease are treated primarily with combination chemotherapy and, as indicated, adjuvant radiotherapy or surgery. We perform a hysterectomy in all cases of placental-site trophoblastic tumors; combination chemotherapy is used if there is evidence of metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Schorge
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Huang LW, Garrett AP, Bell DA, Welch WR, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Differential expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protein and mRNA in epithelial ovarian tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 77:369-76. [PMID: 10831344 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.5806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) can degrade gelatin and type IV collagen and is known to play an important role in tumor cell invasion across the basement membrane. The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) is able to prevent activation of pro-MMP-9 and forms a 1:1 complex with the active form of MMP-9. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in benign, borderline, and invasive epithelial ovarian tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 90 patients with epithelial ovarian tumor were treated at the Brigham and Women's Hospital and were used as the study population. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed to detect protein and mRNA expression of MMP-9 and TIMP-1. RESULTS In the 90 epithelial ovarian tumors tested, MMP-9 expression in tumor cells was found to be significantly enhanced in serous and mucinous ovarian carcinomas compared with benign and borderline tumors. We also observed the immunostaining of MMP-9 in stromal cells of benign, borderline, and invasive epithelial ovarian tumors. Moreover, the expression levels of TIMP-1 in tumor cells were significantly higher in borderline and invasive ovarian tumors than in benign tumors. CONCLUSION Using an in situ hybridization technique, we disclosed a direct correlation between the presence of mRNA and protein expression for both MMP-9 and TIMP-1. The present data suggest that high levels of MMP-9 protein in invasive epithelial ovarian carcinoma are strongly associated with tumor cell invasion. Enhanced expression of TIMP-1 protein in borderline and invasive tumors indicates that endogenous TIMP-1 protein may play a paradoxical role in ovarian tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Huang
- Laboratory and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
p73 is a novel gene that has high sequence homology and similar gene structure to the tumor suppressor gene p53. We analysed p73 in seven ovarian carcinoma cell lines and a total of 63 human borderline and invasive ovarian tumor samples. Loss of heterozygosity at this locus was observed in 50% of invasive tumors but in none of the borderline tumors. Biallelic expression of the gene was observed in the heterozygous tumor tissues. Direct sequencing and single-strand conformation polymorphism analyses of the p73 cDNA sequence homologous to the highly mutatable region of p53 did not reveal any mutations. When compared to the primary cultures of normal human ovarian surface epithelial cells and immortalized cell lines, four of the seven ovarian carcinoma cell lines, 71% of the invasive tumors, and 92% of the borderline tumor tissues express elevated levels of p73 transcript. Except for the OVCA3 cell line, Western blot analysis of the nuclear extracts prepared from the cell lines showed concordant levels of p73 protein. Our analysis also demonstrated the expression of a spliced variant of p73 transcript with the omission of exon 2 solely in the cancer cell lines and invasive tumor tissues. This exon 2-spliced transcript would give rise to a truncated p73 protein without the N-terminal transactivation domain. In reminiscence of the dominant negative phenotype of the N-terminal truncated variants of another p53-related gene, p63, the expression of the truncated p73 variant form in ovarian tumors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Ng
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Garrett AP, Ng SW, Muto MG, Welch WR, Bell DA, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. ras gene activation and infrequent mutation in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 77:105-11. [PMID: 10739698 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.2000.5747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ras genes are a well-studied family of proto-oncogenes whose involvement in many cancers has been delineated. However, K-ras mutations have not previously been examined in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP), a tumor which resembles serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (SEOC) both in histology and epidemiology. In this study we examine the role of the K-ras oncogene in PSCP compared to SEOC. METHODS Using single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and cycle sequencing protocols, we evaluated our collection of 51 cases of PSCP for K-ras mutations and compared these findings with the experience in SEOC. We then examined 5 cases of PSCP for activation of ras proteins and MAP kinase to evaluate the potential involvement of the ras pathway in PSCP tumorigenesis. RESULTS We found only one K-ras mutation in our 51 cases (2%) of PSCP compared to three mutations in 46 cases (6.5%) of high-grade, late-stage SEOC. This was not significantly different (P > 0.10). In the single PSCP case with a K-ras mutation, the mutation was found in only one of five tumor sites tested. All four mutations involved a single nucleotide alteration in codon 12 (GGT to GTT, Gly to Val). To evaluate the ras pathway in PSCP, we used the known activated ras binding domain on Raf-1 to perform an assay to test for activated ras. We identified ras activation in 4 of 5 PSCP cases tested and, to confirm that the activation was functional, we tested and found similar activation of MAP kinase, a downstream mediator for K-ras expression. CONCLUSIONS K-ras mutations occur at low rates in both PSCP and high-grade, late-stage SEOC, and therefore K-ras mutations are not involved in the development of these two diseases. Finding the mutation in only one of multiple tumor sites in the PSCP case supports growing evidence for a multifocal origin of PSCP. Our findings of ras activation in four of five cases of PSCP suggest that ras activation by mechanisms other than genetic mutation is important for PSCP tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Garrett
- Laboratory and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Huang LW, Garrett AP, Muto MG, Colitti CV, Bell DA, Welch WR, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Identification of a novel 9 cM deletion unit on chromosome 6q23-24 in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. Hum Pathol 2000; 31:367-73. [PMID: 10746681 DOI: 10.1016/s0046-8177(00)80252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To define regions of deletion on chromosome 6q in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP), we analyzed 103 tumor tissues from 53 patients by using 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning loci from 6q23 to 6q27. Allelic losses on 6q were observed in 42 of 53 (79.2%) cases. We identified 3 distinct regions with a high percentage (>40%) of loss of heterozygosity. The first region is located at 6q23-24 and defined by D6S311 (15 of 35 informative cases, 42.9%). Detailed deletion mapping of chromosome 6q23-24 in these tumor samples identified a novel 9 cM minimal deletion region flanked by D6S250 and ESR. The second one is located at 6q25.1-25.2 and defined by D6S448 (17 of 36 informative cases, 47.2%). A second minimal deletion region of 4 cM was flanked by D6S420 and D6S442. The third region is located at 6q27 and defined by D6S297 (9 of 19 informative cases, 47.4%). Comparing these results with our cases of advanced staged invasive serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (SEOC), we observed that allelic losses at D6S311 (6q23) and D6S149 (6q27) were significantly higher for PSCP than for SEOC. The pattern of allelic loss at each tumor site within an individual patient was also studied. A total of 36 cases displayed allelic loss for at least 1 of multiple tumor sites, and 35 of these patients exhibited nonidentical patterns of allelic loss at various tumor sites of the same patient. Furthermore, an alternating pattern of allelic loss in the same patient was identified in 3 of 53 patients studied. These results show that allelic losses on 6q are very frequent in PSCP, and we show 2 discrete minimal deletion regions on 6q, suggesting the existence of at least 2 tumor suppressor genes within 6q that may be involved in the pathogenesis of PSCP. In addition, the finding of different patterns of allelic loss at different tumor sites within the same patient indicate a mutifocal origin in some PSCP cases. These results provide strong evidence to support our previous reports that PSCP is a multifocal disease entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Schorge JO, Miller YB, Qi LJ, Muto MG, Welch WR, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Genetic alterations of the WT1 gene in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 76:369-72. [PMID: 10684712 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Wilms' tumor (WT1) gene product is consistently detectable in both normal ovarian germinal epithelium and human mesothelium. Ovarian carcinomas frequently exhibit alterations in WT1 function. Papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP) is believed to develop de novo from the peritoneal lining (mesothelium) of the pelvis and abdomen. The purpose of this study was to determine if genetic alterations of the WT1 gene are associated with the development of PSCP. METHODS Normal and tumor tissue specimens were retrieved from patients with stage III and IV PSCP (n = 38) and serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (n = 38). Immunohistochemistry was performed using the anti-WT1 (C-19) antibody. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was performed at the WT1 locus. Clinical data were obtained and correlated with molecular findings. RESULTS Loss of normal WT1 expression was detected in 18 (51%) of 35 PSCP specimens and 18 (53%) of 34 ovarian carcinoma specimens. Six (27%) of 22 PSCP specimens and 3 (13%) of 24 ovarian carcinoma specimens had LOH at the WT1 locus (P = 0.27). Normal WT1 gene expression was maintained in 86% of tumors exhibiting LOH. Genetic alterations of the WT1 gene were not predictive of survival, nor were they associated with other clinical or molecular factors. CONCLUSIONS Genetic alterations of the WT1 gene are associated with the development of PSCP. The loss of normal WT1 gene expression is a common event in both PSCP and advanced ovarian carcinoma, likely resulting from down-regulation by other regulatory factors-not from inactivating gene mutation and subsequent allelic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Schorge
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Schorge JO, Muto MG, Lee SJ, Huang LW, Welch WR, Bell DA, Keung EZ, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. BRCA1-related papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum has a unique molecular pathogenesis. Cancer Res 2000; 60:1361-4. [PMID: 10728699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP) is believed to develop de novo from the peritoneal lining of the pelvis and abdomen. Although it is histologically indistinguishable from serous ovarian carcinoma, PSCP exhibits minimal or absent ovarian involvement and may even develop in a woman years after prophylactic oophorectomy. We have shown previously that patients with germ-line BRCA1 mutations who develop PSCP are more likely to have disease originating from multiple peritoneal sites compared with patients with wild-type BRCA1. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that BRCA1-related PSCP has a unique molecular pathogenesis. DNA was extracted from normal tissue and multiple tumor sites in patients with PSCP. BRCA1 and p53 gene mutations were screened for using single-strand conformation polymorphism. Loss of heterozygosity was determined at the BRCA1 and p53 loci. Immunohistochemical analyses of p53, epidermal growth factor receptor, erbB-2, erbB-3, erbB-4, and Bcl-2 expression were performed. We detected germ-line BRCA1 mutations in 11 (26%) of 43 PSCP patients. BRCA1 mutation carriers had a higher overall incidence of p53 mutations (89% versus 47%; P = 0.052), were more likely to exhibit multifocal or null p53 mutations (63% versus 7%; P = 0.014), and were less likely to exhibit erbB-2 overexpression (P = 0.013) than wild-type BRCA1 case subjects. We propose that the unique molecular pathogenesis of BRCA1-related PSCP may affect the ability of current methods to reliably prevent or detect this disease prior to metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Schorge
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Chan WY, Cheung KK, Schorge JO, Huang LW, Welch WR, Bell DA, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Bcl-2 and p53 protein expression, apoptosis, and p53 mutation in human epithelial ovarian cancers. Am J Pathol 2000; 156:409-17. [PMID: 10666369 PMCID: PMC1850061 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Bcl-2 and p53 gene products have been both linked to cell death by apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the relationship of Bcl-2 and p53 protein expression, p53 mutation and apoptosis in normal human ovaries and different types of human ovarian epithelial tumors by immunohistochemical localization, in situ terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling and polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism. It was found that Bcl-2 expressed strongly in the surface epithelium of normal ovaries and benign and borderline ovarian tumors but weakly in the malignant tumors. On the contrary, strong protein expression of p53 was found in 54% (25/46) of the malignant epithelial tumors examined but similar expression of p53 was not observed in borderline and benign tumors and normal ovarian surface epithelium. A significant inverse correlation between Bcl-2 and p53 expression was found in the malignant ovarian tumors examined. p53 gene mutation at exons 5-11 was however not a pre-requisite for p53 expression in both borderline and malignant tumors. Apoptotic activities, as reflected by apoptotic indices, were low in normal ovarian surface epithelium and benign tumors but were increased in borderline and malignant tumors, with the highest average apoptotic index found in grade III malignant tumors. Statistical analyses showed a positive correlation between apoptosis and p53 expression, but similar correlation was not found between apoptosis and Bcl-2 expression. Our results also indicate that although expression of Bcl-2 is important during ovarian carcinogenesis, the Bcl-2 protein may have other roles to play apart from being a modulator of apoptosis in human ovarian epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Y Chan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Vegh GL, Fulop V, Liu Y, Ng SW, Tuncer ZS, Genest DR, Paldi-Haris P, Foldi J, Mok SC, Berkowitz RS. Differential gene expression pattern between normal human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cell lines: downregulation of heat shock protein-27 in choriocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 75:391-6. [PMID: 10600295 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to identify potential differences in gene expression between normal trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cells. METHODS The Atlas human cDNA expression array hybridization technique was used to study the gene expression pattern in normal trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, to confirm heat shock protein-27 (Hsp-27) expression data, reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses were used in vitro with cell lines and in vivo with paraffin sections. RESULTS The expression of nine genes was strongly different comparing a normal trophoblast cell line with choriocarcinoma cells on the Atlas membranes. Compared to normal trophoblast cells, six genes were upregulated and three were downregulated in choriocarcinoma cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of Hsp-27 in choriocarcinoma cells was confirmed both in vitro with cell lines and in vivo with paraffin sections using RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemical techniques. CONCLUSION cDNA expression array is a useful technique for identifying differentially expressed gene patterns in normal trophoblast and choriocarcinoma cells. The strong expression of Hsp-27 in placental villous trophoblast cells may play a role in trophoblast differentiation. The downregulation of Hsp-27 in choriocarcinoma may contribute to the extreme sensitivity of trophoblastic tumors to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Vegh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the role of parental factors that may relate to the pathogenesis of molar pregnancy. METHODS A retrospective review of six patients who had a molar pregnancy with at least two different partners at New England Trophoblastic Disease Center between 1965 and March 1999 was performed. RESULTS A total of 34 pregnancies with 20 different partners were observed in 6 patients. These pregnancies resulted in 15 (44.1%) hydatidiform moles, 8 (23.5%) term live births, 7 (20.6%) therapeutic abortions, 3 (8.8%) spontaneous abortions, and 1 preterm delivery. While 5 patients had a molar pregnancy with 2 different partners, 1 patient had a molar pregnancy with 3 different partners. Two patients developed persistent postmolar gestational trophoblastic tumor in 3 (20.0%) of the 15 episodes of molar pregnancy. Three of the male partners reported a total of 7 healthy children from prior relationships. CONCLUSION The experience in these six patients suggests that a primary oocyte problem may contribute to the development of molar pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Tuncer
- Gillette Center for Women's Cancers, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Vegh GL, Selcuk Tuncer Z, Fulop V, Genest DR, Mok SC, Berkowitz RS. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in gestational trophoblastic diseases and normal placenta. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 75:248-53. [PMID: 10525381 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in gestational trophoblastic diseases and normal first-trimester placenta. METHODS Paraffin sections of 16 partial moles, 25 complete moles, 10 gestational choriocarcinomas, and 11 normal first-trimester placentas were studied immunohistochemically for expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). RESULTS Nine (90.0%) of the choriocarcinoma cases showed strong intensity of staining for MMP-1. Choriocarcinoma exhibited significantly stronger staining for MMP-1 than syncytiotrophoblast in normal placenta (P < 0.01), partial mole (P < 0.01), and complete mole (P < 0.01). Choriocarcinoma also showed significantly stronger staining for MMP-1 than the extravillous trophoblast in placenta (P < 0.05). MMP-2 was expressed only in syncytio- and extravillous trophoblasts in normal placenta, partial mole, and complete mole. Choriocarcinoma and the extravillous trophoblast in partial mole and complete mole had significantly stronger staining for MMP-2 than the extravillous trophoblast in placenta (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). Choriocarcinoma also exhibited significantly stronger staining for MMP-2 than syncytiotrophoblasts in placenta (P < 0.01), partial mole (P = 0.05), and complete mole (P < 0.01). The expression of MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 was similar in all four tissues with the predominance of syncytiotrophoblast for MMP-3 and MMP-13 and cytotrophoblast for MMP-9. While 8 (73.0%) placentas, 14 (87.5%) partial moles, and 19 (76.0%) complete moles showed strong immunoreactivity for TIMP-1 in syncytiotrophoblasts, no strong staining was found in choriocarcinomas (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION The extravillous trophoblast of first-trimester placenta has significantly less expression of MMP-1 than choriocarcinoma and significantly less expression of MMP-2 than choriocarcinoma and extravillous trophoblast of partial and complete mole. The expression of TIMP-1 was significantly less in choriocarcinoma than the syncytiotrophoblast of normal placenta, partial mole, and complete mole. MMPs and their inhibitors may play a role in the pathogenesis of gestational trophoblastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Vegh
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Haynal Imre University of Health Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the outcome of subsequent pregnancies in patients with partial or complete molar pregnancy who conceive before completing the recommended hCG follow-up of at least 6 months. METHODS Retrospective record review of patients with partial or complete mole who conceived before the standard gonadotropin follow-up of 6 months was completed during 1980-1998. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients with molar pregnancy who conceived before completion of hCG follow-up were identified. Thirty-five (52.2%) patients had a prior partial mole, and 32 (47.8%) had a prior complete mole. The mean interval from first achieving undetectable hCG level to new pregnancy was 3.1 and 3.4 months in patients with partial and complete mole, respectively. Eleven patients underwent elective termination, and 12 were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 44 patients, 33 (75.0%) had live births, 10 had spontaneous abortions, and one had an ectopic pregnancy. A viable pregnancy outcome was achieved in 20 (83.3%) of 24 patients with partial mole and 13 (65.0%) of 20 patients with complete mole. None of the patients developed any evidence of postmolar persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor. None of the live births had any detectable fetal anomalies. CONCLUSION The risk of persistent tumor is low and reproductive outcome is favorable once undetectable hCG levels are achieved. Pregnancies occurring before the completion of recommended hCG follow-up may be allowed to continue under careful surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Tuncer
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Garner EI, Chang-Lee WY, Lu KH, Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS. Trophoblastic pulmonary embolization after hysterectomy for invasive complete mole. A case report. J Reprod Med 1999; 44:908-12. [PMID: 10554759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trophoblastic pulmonary embolization usually occurs after evacuation of a molar pregnancy when the uterus is larger than dates and the human chorionic gonadotropin level is > 100,000 mIU/mL. It has a dramatic onset, with dyspnea, tachypnea, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and low Po2 levels. Treatment requires supportive measures only. Intubation is rarely required. The clinical course is short-lived, with gradual improvement after 48 hours and complete resolution in 72 hours. There are no long-term sequelae. Differential diagnosis includes pulmonary embolization, fluid overload and aspiration. CASE A 27-year-old, Caucasian woman, gravida 4, para 2, spontaneous abortion 1, developed presumed trophoblastic pulmonary embolization following abdominal hysterectomy for an invasive mole. The clinical course was typical of this condition, with spontaneous clearing in 72 hours with supportive measures only. CONCLUSION Trophoblastic pulmonary embolization can occur following abdominal hysterectomy for invasive mole as well as after molar evacuation and should be considered part of the differential diagnosis if patients present postoperatively with acute respiratory distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Garner
- New England Trophoblastic Disease Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tuncer ZS, Bernstein MR, Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS. Outcome of pregnancies occurring before completion of human chorionic gonadotropin follow-up in patients with persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 73:345-7. [PMID: 10366457 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the outcome of pregnancies occurring before completion of human chorionic gonadotropin follow-up in patients treated with chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic tumor. METHODS Retrospective record review of patients with gestational trophoblastic tumor who conceived before standard hCG follow-up was completed during 1973-1998. RESULTS Forty-three patients treated for gestational trophoblastic tumors conceived before human chorionic gonadotropin follow-up was completed. The antecedent pregnancy was complete mole in 31 (72.1%) and partial mole in 12 (27. 9%) patients. Of the 43 patients, 39 (90.7%) had stage I, 1 had stage II, and 3 had stage III disease. The mean interval from human chorionic gonadotropin remission to new pregnancy was 6.3 months (range 1-11 months). Ten patients underwent elective termination and four patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 29 patients, 22 (75.9%) had term live births, 3 (10.3%) had preterm delivery, 3 had spontaneous abortion, and 1 (3.5%) had a repeat mole. Two cases of fetal anomalies were detected; one was inherited polydactyly and the other was hydronephrosis. One patient developed choriocarcinoma with lung involvement and underwent cesarean section at 28 weeks; a normal fetus was delivered and no choriocarcinoma was detected in the placenta. CONCLUSION Pregnancies occurring in patients treated for gestational trophoblastic tumor before standard human chorionic gonadotropin follow-up is completed may continue under close clinical surveillance since the majority have a favorable outcome. However, patients should also be advised of the low but important risk of delayed diagnosis in case tumor relapse develops during early subsequent pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Tuncer
- Gillette Center for Women's Cancers, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Palmer JR, Driscoll SG, Rosenberg L, Berkowitz RS, Lurain JR, Soper J, Twiggs LB, Gershenson DM, Kohorn EI, Berman M, Shapiro S, Rao RS. Oral contraceptive use and risk of gestational trophoblastic tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91:635-40. [PMID: 10203284 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/91.7.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational trophoblastic disease refers to a spectrum of rare benign and malignant gynecologic disorders whose pathogenesis is not well understood. Recent studies from China and the United States have raised the hypothesis that long-term use of oral contraceptives before conception may increase the risk of gestational trophoblastic tumors. A multicenter case-control study of gestational trophoblastic tumors was undertaken to test this hypothesis. METHODS Telephone interviews were conducted with 235 case patients, including 50 with gestational choriocarcinoma, and 413 control subjects matched on recentness of pregnancy, age at pregnancy, and area of residence. Relative risks (odds ratios) were computed by conditional logistic regression. Reported P values are two-sided. RESULTS The relative risk estimate for ever having used oral contraceptives before the index pregnancy was 1.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2-3.0), and the risk increased with duration of use (P for trend = .05). The estimate was highest for women who used oral contraceptives during the cycle in which they became pregnant (relative risk = 4.0; 95% CI=1.6-10), but there was no consistent pattern according to the time interval since last use. Separate analyses of choriocarcinoma and persistent mole yielded similar results, i.e., the relative risk estimates for oral contraceptive use were 2.2 (95% CI=0.8-6.4) and 1.8 (95% CI=1.0-3.0), respectively. Control for the number of sexual partners, which was independently associated with risk (P for trend = .05), did not materially change the results. CONCLUSIONS This study, the largest to date, indicates that long duration of oral contraceptive use before conception increases the risk of gestational trophoblastic tumors. These findings may provide clues to the pathogenesis of this rare disease. Changes in use of oral contraceptives are not warranted, however, because the incidence attributable to oral contraceptive use is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA.
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Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA topoisomerase III was first identified by studying the hyper-recombination and slow growth phenotypes of yeast mutants. Topoisomerase III interacts with DNA helicase SGS1 and the two proteins are involved in DNA recombination, cellular aging and maintenance of genome stability. A human homolog of topoisomerase III has previously been identified. Here we report the identification of cDNAs and the determination of gene structure for a second human topoisomerase III gene. This novel gene expresses three alternatively spliced transcripts, which encode gene products different in the putative DNA-binding C-termini. The largest gene product of the novel topoisomerase III was expressed and shown to interact with SGS1 protein and partially rescue the slow growth defect of a yeast topoisomerase III mutant. The presence of more than one human topoisomerase III is reminiscent of mammalian topoisomerase II, which has two genetically distinct isoforms with different expression patterns and probably different functions in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Ng
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology,Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Iyengar TD, Ng S, Lau CC, Welch WR, Bell DA, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Differential expression of NF1 type I and type II isoforms in sporadic borderline and invasive epithelial ovarian tumors. Oncogene 1999; 18:257-62. [PMID: 9926941 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The NF1 gene, a putative tumor suppressor gene, contains a GAP related domain (GRD) which accelerates hydrolysis of ras-bound GTP to GDP, thereby converting the ras oncogene from its active to inactive form. Two forms of the NF1 GRD transcript (Type I and Type II) are differentially expressed in neuroectodermal tumor tissue relative to differentiated neural cells, and in gastric cancer cell lines relative to normal stomach mucosa. We measured relative expression of NF1 Type II and Type I isoforms in cultured normal and malignant human ovarian surface epithelial cells(HOSE) and in invasive and borderline ovarian tumor tissue. We demonstrated an 11-fold increase in Type II:Type I ratio in 7 HOSE cultures relative to eight ovarian cancer cell lines. Our findings indicate a significant decrease in Type II isoform expression and increase in Type I expression in ovarian cancer cells and tumor tissue relative to HOSE cells. We also demonstrate an increase in Type II:Type I ratio, and a decrease in cell proliferation rate in three ovarian cancer cell lines on treatment with retinoic acid. We propose that differential expression of the NF1 Type I and Type II isoforms is related to cellular differentiation in ovarian epithelial cancer and strategies based on alteration in NF1 isoform expression may have therapeutic potential in ovarian malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Iyengar
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare BRCA1 mutations in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum and papillary serous ovarian carcinoma. METHODS Germline DNA from 17 consecutive patients with peritoneal carcinoma was screened for mutations in the BRCA1 gene using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Shifted DNA bands were sequenced. Patients with germline BRCA1 mutations were screened for allelic loss in tumor DNA at the BRCA1 locus. RESULTS Two of the 17 patients (11%, 95% confidence interval 0.07, 0.37) exhibited the 185 delAG germline BRCA1 mutation described in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. The family history of one patient was notable for a mother and five aunts with breast or ovarian cancer. The other patient had a personal history of breast cancer. Both patients exhibited allelic loss of the normal BRCA1 allele in their tumor. A third patient was found to have a previously undescribed exon 11 single base pair substitution at nucleotide 1239 (CAG to CAC) resulting in a missense mutation (Gln to His). The patient had no family or personal history of breast or ovarian cancer, and her tumor did not exhibit loss of heterozygosity. CONCLUSION Germline BRCA1 mutations occur in papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum with a frequency comparable to the BRCA1 mutation rate in ovarian cancer. Although the penetrance is unknown, peritoneal carcinoma should be considered a malignancy expressed in the familial breast ovarian cancer syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bandera
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, the University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
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46
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Fulop V, Colitti CV, Genest D, Berkowitz RS, Yiu GK, Ng SW, Szepesi J, Mok SC. DOC-2/hDab2, a candidate tumor suppressor gene involved in the development of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Oncogene 1998; 17:419-24. [PMID: 9696034 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic diseases comprise a spectrum of interrelated diseases including partial mole, complete mole and gestational choriocarcinoma. Using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) analysis, we identified higher levels of DOC-2/hDab2 expression in the normal trophoblast cells in culture than in choriocarcinoma cell lines. Subsequent study using immunohistochemistry showed high levels of DOC-2/hDab2 protein expression in normal trophoblast tissues but significantly lower levels of expression in gestational trophoblastic disease tissues, particularly in complete mole and choriocarcinoma. When DOC-2/hDab2 was transfected into the choriocarcinoma cell lines, Jar, JEG and BeWo, the stable transfectants showed significantly reduced growth rate in culture. These data suggest that down regulation of DOC-2/hDab2 may play an important role in the development of gestational trophoblastic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fulop
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Abstract
We extend the evaluation of allelic loss patterns on chromosome 17 to papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP) which is histologically identical to papillary serous ovarian carcinoma (PSOC). DNA was obtained from 11 archival cases of PSCP, with 1-11 tumor sites per case. Using ten loci spanning chromosome 17, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was identified in all 11 cases (100%). Furthermore, 75-100% of informative cases exhibited LOH at the loci p53, D17S1322 (intragenic to the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1), D17S1327 and MPO. PSCP cases exhibit a higher rate of LOH at most loci when compared with PSOC. Alternating allelic loss at different tumor sites was identified in three cases supporting a multifocal origin of PSCP. Microsatellite instability (MI) is an uncommon event which was identified in four cases. These data implicate chromosome 17 as a potential location of genetic events important in the pathogenesis of PSCP as well as ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Bandera
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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48
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Schorge JO, Muto MG, Welch WR, Bandera CA, Rubin SC, Bell DA, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Molecular evidence for multifocal papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum in patients with germline BRCA1 mutations. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:841-5. [PMID: 9625172 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.11.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP) diffusely involves peritoneal surfaces, while it spares or only superficially involves the ovaries. PSCP is histologically indistinguishable from serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma, and it may develop years after oophorectomy. The molecular pathogenesis of PSCP remains unresolved, although preliminary data suggest a multifocal origin in some cases. Patients with germline BRCA1 mutations may develop PSCP in addition to breast and ovarian carcinomas. The purpose of this study was to utilize the androgen receptor (AR) gene locus to test the hypothesis that some cases of PSCP have a multifocal origin and to determine if patients with germline BRCA1 mutations develop multifocal PSCP. METHODS Specimens of normal and tumor tissues from 22 women with PSCP were obtained, and DNA was extracted. The AR gene locus was evaluated for patterns of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and X-chromosome inactivation. The methylation-sensitive Hpa II restriction enzyme was used to differentiate the active and inactive X chromosomes. Germline BRCA1 mutation status of the patients was determined previously. RESULTS Genetic analysis of tumor specimens indicated that five (23%) of 22 case subjects had patterns of selective LOH at the AR locus, consistent with multifocal, polyclonal disease origin. Two patients with selective LOH also had alternating X-chromosome inactivation patterns. Patients with germline BRCA1 mutations were more likely to have evidence of multifocal disease (two-sided Fisher's exact test, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that PSCP has a multifocal origin in at least some cases. Furthermore, patients with germline BRCA1 mutations are more likely to develop multifocal PSCP than are patients without BRCA1 mutations.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Alleles
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Clone Cells/ultrastructure
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/genetics
- Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- DNA Methylation
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Disease Susceptibility
- Dosage Compensation, Genetic
- Female
- Genes, BRCA1
- Genes, p53
- Genetic Markers
- Humans
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Middle Aged
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/ultrastructure
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/genetics
- Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary/pathology
- Ovariectomy
- Ovary/embryology
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/genetics
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/pathology
- Peritoneum/embryology
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Retrospective Studies
- Trinucleotide Repeats
- X Chromosome/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Schorge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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49
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Lu KH, Bell DA, Welch WR, Berkowitz RS, Mok SC. Evidence for the multifocal origin of bilateral and advanced human serous borderline ovarian tumors. Cancer Res 1998; 58:2328-30. [PMID: 9622067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs), or ovarian tumors of low malignant potential, represent a distinct category of epithelial ovarian neoplasms that have a clinically more favorable outcome than invasive epithelial ovarian cancer. Histologically, BOTs and invasive ovarian carcinomas both show cellular proliferation and pleomorphism, but unlike invasive ovarian carcinomas, BOTs lack stromal invasion. Although serous BOTs are frequently confined to a single ovary at the time of diagnosis, bilateral or extra-ovarian spread occurs in 30-40% of cases. The purpose of this study is to determine whether bilateral or extraovarian serous borderline lesions are metastatic sites from the original tumor, or represent separate primary tumors. DNA specimens from multiple tumor sites and normal tissue controls were obtained in eight women with bilateral or extra-ovarian serous borderline tumors. The pattern of loss of heterozygosity at the androgen receptor locus on the X chromosome was evaluated in the multiple tumor sites. In addition, the pattern of X-chromosome inactivation was determined using HpaII restriction endonuclease digestion, followed by PCR amplification of the androgen receptor locus. Multifocality was determined when alternate patterns of X-chromosome inactivation occurred. In two of the eight patients, the left and right ovarian tumor sites had different androgen receptor alleles inactivated, indicating that the bilateral tumors derived independently. In a third patient, the X inactivation pattern in the left ovarian tumor differed from the two peritoneal implants, suggesting that the implants were separate primary tumors, and not metastatic, from the left ovarian tumor. The remaining five patients had the same pattern of loss of heterozygosity and X inactivation in the tumor sites studied. These results suggest that bilateral and advanced stage serous BOTs may be multifocal in origin. This result is in contrast to invasive epithelial ovarian cancer, which has been shown to be unifocal in origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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50
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Mok SC, Chan WY, Wong KK, Cheung KK, Lau CC, Ng SW, Baldini A, Colitti CV, Rock CO, Berkowitz RS. DOC-2, a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncogene 1998; 16:2381-7. [PMID: 9620555 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1201769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using RNA fingerprinting (RAP) strategy and Northern blot analysis, we identified a differentially expressed sequence DOC-2 which is detectable in all normal human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cell cultures but not in ovarian cancer cell lines and tissues. Subsequent cloning of DOC-2 from a cDNA library generated from the HOSE cells was carried out using the 3' and 5' RACE approach. A 3268 base pair full length cDNA of DOC-2 was isolated and sequenced. The predicted protein has a length of 770 amino acids. Homology search of all NCBI sequences indicated that the amino acid sequence of DOC-2 shares 93% homology with the mouse p96/mDab2 phosphoprotein and has a phosphotyrosine interacting domain (PID) and multiple SH3 binding motifs. Chromosomal localization by FISH showed that the DOC-2 gene is located on 5p13. Western blot analysis showed that the 105 kDa DOC-2 protein was down-regulated in all the carcinoma cell lines. In-situ immunohistochemistry performed on normal ovaries, and benign, borderline and invasive ovarian tumor tissues showed down regulation of DOC-2 protein particularly in serous ovarian tumor tissues. When DOC-2 was transfected into the ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV3, the stable transfectants showed significantly reduced growth rate and ability to form tumors in nude mice. These data suggest that down-regulation of DOC-2 may play an important role in ovarian carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Mok
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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