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Dupont P, Milleret C, Tourani M, Brøseth H, Bischof R. Integrating dead recoveries in open‐population spatial capture–recapture models. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Dupont
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences PB 5003 ÅsNO‐1432Norway
| | - C. Milleret
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences PB 5003 ÅsNO‐1432Norway
| | - M. Tourani
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences PB 5003 ÅsNO‐1432Norway
| | - H. Brøseth
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Norwegian Institute for Nature Research PB 5685 Torgarden TrondheimNO‐7485Norway
| | - R. Bischof
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences PB 5003 ÅsNO‐1432Norway
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Tourani
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - E. N. Brøste
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - S. Bakken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - J. Odden
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Oslo Norway
| | - R. Bischof
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
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Gatford KL, Wooldridge AL, Kind KL, Bischof R, Clifton VL. Pre-birth origins of allergy and asthma. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 123:88-93. [PMID: 28760578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergy is a chronic disease that can develop as early as infancy, suggesting that early life factors are important in its aetiology. Variable associations between size at birth, a crude marker of the fetal environment, and allergy have been reported in humans and require comprehensive review. Associations between birth weight and allergy are however confounded in humans, and we and others have therefore begun exploring the effects of early life events on allergy in experimental models. In particular, we are using ovine models to investigate whether and how a restricted environment before birth protects against allergy, whether methyl donor availability contributes to allergic protection in IUGR, and why maternal asthma during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of allergic disease in children. We found that experimental intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in sheep reduced cutaneous responses to antigens in progeny, despite normal or elevated IgE responses. Furthermore, maternal methyl donor supplementation in late pregnancy partially reversed effects of experimental IUGR, consistent with the proposal that epigenetic pathways underlie some but not all effects of IUGR on allergic susceptibility. Ovine experimental allergic asthma with exacerbations reduces relative fetal size in late gestation, with some changes in immune populations in fetal thymus suggestive of increased activation. Maternal allergic asthma in mice also predisposes progeny to allergy development. In conclusion, these findings in experimental models provide direct evidence that a perturbed environment before birth alters immune system development and postnatal function, and provide opportunities to investigate underlying mechanisms and develop and evaluate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, Australia.
| | - A L Wooldridge
- Robinson Research Institute, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, Australia; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - K L Kind
- Robinson Research Institute, Australia; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Bischof
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - V L Clifton
- Robinson Research Institute, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, Australia; Mater Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
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Eckert A, Mikoteit T, Beck J, Hemmeter U, Brand S, Schmitt K, Bischof R, Delini-Stula A, Holsboer-Trachsler E. Assessment of mature serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is not superior to total serum BDNF in prediction of antidepressant treatment outcome. Eur Psychiatry 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundSerum BDNF levels are decreased in major depressive disorder (MDD) and tend to normalize under antidepressant treatment, serving as a treatment outcome predictor. BDNF is initially synthetized as precursor protein proBDNF and is cleaved to mature BDNF (mBDNF) while only the latter exerts neurotrophic activity.AimThe aim was to explore if a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for mBDNF in serum would be superior to the unspecific assessment of total serum BDNF in predicting treatment response in MDD.MethodsTwenty-five patients with MDD underwent standardized treatment with duloxetine. Severity of depression was measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline (BL), after one (W1), two (W2) and six weeks (W6) of treatment. Treatment response was defined as a HDRS ≥ 50% reduction of BL score at W6. mBDNF and total BDNF serum levels were determined at BL, W1 and W2.ResultsA high and stable correlation was found between mBDNF and total BDNF serum levels over all measurements. The predictive value of mBDNF BL levels and mBDNFΔW1 to response was similar to that of total BDNF BL and total BDNFΔW1. The assessment of serum mBDNF was not superior to total BDNF in prediction of treatment outcome.ConclusionsNot only baseline total BDNF but also mBDNF is predictive to treatment outcome. The later might represent the main player in this respect, which supports the idea of a functional link between neuroplasticity and MDD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Mikoteit T, Beck J, Hemmeter U, Brand S, Bischof R, Delini-Stula A, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Eckert A. Assessment of serum levels of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF) is not superior to total (tot)BDNF in prediction of antidepressant treatment outcome. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1557977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Bischof R, Ali H, Kabir M, Hameed S, Nawaz MA. Being the underdog: an elusive small carnivore uses space with prey and time without enemies. J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Bischof
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway
| | - H. Ali
- Snow Leopard Foundation Islamabad Pakistan
| | - M. Kabir
- Snow Leopard Foundation Islamabad Pakistan
- Pakistan Museum of Natural History Islamabad Pakistan
| | - S. Hameed
- Snow Leopard Foundation Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Animal Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - M. A. Nawaz
- Snow Leopard Foundation Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Animal Sciences Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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Dunphy J, Horvath A, Barcham G, Balic A, Bischof R, Meeusen E. Isolation, characterisation and expression of mRNAs encoding the ovine CC chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1alpha and -2. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2001; 82:153-64. [PMID: 11587731 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(01)00356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CC chemokines are important mediators of immune responses, orchestrating the differential recruitment of various leukocyte populations. Despite the large number of known CC chemokines in other species, no cDNA encoding ovine CC chemokines have been isolated. A homology cloning strategy was utilised to isolate the cDNA of ovine CC chemokines. Full-length monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1alpha and -2 cDNA have been isolated. The predicted ovine MCP-1alpha amino acid sequence shares 87 and 75% identity with bovine MCP-1alpha and porcine MCP-1, respectively. The predicted ovine MCP-2 amino acid sequence shares 92 and 85% identity with bovine and porcine MCP-2, respectively. Northern blot analysis of MCP-1alpha revealed that it is strongly expressed in cells isolated from mammary lavage fluid (MAL) of ewes given intramammary infusions of Haemonchus contortus. Weak signals were detected in mammary and abomasal tissue. Southern blot analysis of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) products indicates that MCP-1alpha mRNA levels increase in abomasum after challenge with H. contortus. MCP-1alpha mRNA levels were also increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and lung tissue after house dust mite extract (HDME) challenge. Similarly, MCP-2 mRNA was detected by Northern blot analysis at high levels in MAL cells after H. contortus intramammary infusion, and increased in BAL cells and lung tissue in HDME-challenged sheep. MCP-2 mRNA was not detected by Northern blots in whole mammary or abomasal tissue, but Southern blot analysis of RT-PCR products also indicates that MCP-2 mRNA increases in abomasal tissue after challenge with H. contortus. Hence, two ovine CC chemokine mRNA have been isolated that are up-regulated in response to parasite infection and allergen challenge. Ultimately the isolation of these and other ovine CC chemokines will help elucidate a wide variety of immune responses in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dunphy
- The Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Hemmeter U, Annen B, Bischof R, Brüderlin U, Hatzinger M, Rose U, Holsboer-Trachsler E. Polysomnographic effects of adjuvant ginkgo biloba therapy in patients with major depression medicated with trimipramine. Pharmacopsychiatry 2001; 34:50-9. [PMID: 11302564 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance and cognitive impairment are frequent complaints of depressed patients under standard antidepressant medication. Therefore, additional therapies are required which specifically focus on the improvement of these deficits without exerting major side effects. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) has been shown to improve cognitive abilities in elderly subjects and in patients with disorders of the dementia spectrum. Animal studies surmise that EGb may reduce CRH activity, which is substantially related to depressive mood and behavior, predominantly cognition and sleep. An open non-randomized pilot study has been conducted to investigate the effects of ginkgo biloba extract (EGb Li 1370) on cognitive performance and sleep regulation in depressed inpatients. 16 patients were treated with a trimipramine (T)-monotherapy (200 mg) for six weeks. In eight of the 16 patients, an adjunct EGb therapy (240 mg/d) was applied for four weeks after a baseline week, the other eight patients remained on trimipramine monotherapy (200 mg) during the entire study. Polysomnography, cognitive psychomotor performance and psychopathology were assessed at baseline, after short-term and long-term adjunct EGb treatment, and after one week of ginkgo discontinuation (at the respective evaluation times in the eight patients on T-monotherapy). This report focuses on the results of EGb on sleep EEG pattern. EGb significantly improved sleep pattern by an increase of sleep efficiency and a reduction of awakenings. In addition, sleep stage 1 and REM-density were reduced, while stage 2 was increased. Non-REM sleep, predominantly slow wave sleep in the first sleep cycle, was significantly enhanced compared to trimipramine monotherapy. Discontinuation of EGb reversed most of these effects. Based on the animal data, these results suggest that EGb may improve sleep continuity and enhance Non-REM sleep due to a weakening of tonic CRH-activity. The compensation of the deficient Non-REM component in depression by the EGb application may provide a new additional treatment strategy, especially in the treatment of the depressive syndrome with sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hemmeter
- Psychiatric University Hospital Basle, Department of Depression Research, Sleep Medicine and Neurophysiology, Basle, Switzerland
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Szalanski A, Steinauer G, Bischof R, Petersen J. Origin and conservation genetics of the threatened Ute ladies'-tresses, Spiranthes diluvialis (Orchidaceae). Am J Bot 2001; 88:177-180. [PMID: 11159138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Ute ladies'-tresses, Spiranthes diluvialis, is listed as a threatened orchid in west-central United States by the Federal government. Information on its origin and patterns of genetic variation is needed to develop effective conservation strategies for this species. DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to evaluate genetic variation and structure of 23 populations of S. diluvialis. In addition, four congeneric species were analyzed to determine possible origins of the putative allotetraploid S. diluvialis. DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA noncoding regions revealed no genetic variation within or among populations of S. diluvialis. DNA sequencing revealed that S. diluvialis has rDNA of both S. magnicamporum and S. romanzoffiana, supporting the proposed origin of the allotetraploid. Parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of cpDNA and mtDNA sequences revealed that these S. diluvialis organellar sequences were most closely related to those of S. romanzoffiana, providing evidence that the latter species is the maternal parent of S. diluvialis. The lack of genetic diversity is significant for the development of a long-term conservation strategy for S. diluvialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Szalanski
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583 USA. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, Nebraska 68503 USA
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Hemmeter U, Müller M, Bischof R, Annen B, Holsboer-Trachsler E. Effect of zopiclone and temazepam on sleep EEG parameters, psychomotor and memory functions in healthy elderly volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000; 147:384-96. [PMID: 10672632 DOI: 10.1007/s002130050007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The increased prevalence of sleep disturbance in old age is accompanied by a higher prescription rate of hypnotics, predominantly benzodiazepines in the elderly. In young volunteers zopiclone exerts a beneficial effect on sleep continuity without suppression of SWS and REM sleep; psychomotor performance and vigilance seemed to be less impaired than under classical benzoediazepines. OBJECTIVE The present study investigates the effects of zopiclone on sleep EEG and cognitive performance in comparison to temazepam and placebo in the elderly population. METHODS Single oral doses of zopiclone (7.5 mg), temazepam (20 mg) and placebo were administered in a randomized double-blind, completely counterbalanced cross-over design to 12 healthy elderly men and women (65.9 +/- 3.6 years, range 60-70 years). On each of the 3 study nights a sleep EEG was registered from 10 p.m. to 6.30 a.m. and cognitive performance tests were applied at 8 p.m., 2 a.m. (when subjects were awake for 30 min), 7 a.m. and 9 a.m. RESULTS After zopiclone treatment, sleep continuity had significantly improved and sleep stage 4 was increased compared to temazepam and placebo. In addition, both active substances significantly reduced REM density. Neither active compound substantially altered psychomotor and memory performance. CONCLUSIONS Zopiclone and temazepam can be considered as effective hypnotics in elderly subjects when administered in that dosage. The superiority of zopiclone on sleep architecture may be related to a more specific action of zopiclone at the GABA-A benzodiazepine receptor complex. The suppression of REM density by both compounds and their subtle effects on cognition may reflect a GABAergic mediated reduction of cholinergic neuro-transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hemmeter
- Psychiatric University Hospital Basel, Department of Depression Research, Sleep Medicine and Neurophysiology, Switzerland
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation (SD) exerts a beneficial effect on mood and sleep in about 60% of depressed patients usually followed by a relapse into depression after the recovery night. Short phases of sleepiness, especially naps in the early morning, may be responsible for this phenomenon. METHODS To evaluate the effect of short, even ultrashort phases of sleep-microsleep (MS) during partial sleep deprivation (PSD) on mood, cognitive psychomotor performance (CPP), and sleep, an electroencephalograph (EEG) was continuously recorded over 60 hours in 12 patients with major depression. Subjective mood was assessed by a visual analogue scale and CPP by a letter cancellation test. RESULTS The results illustrate that in depressed patients during PSD the amount of MS is increased, predominantly in the early morning, which was subjectively unrecognized and not observed by nursing staff. Patients with a low cumulative amount of MS during PSD improved significantly in mood, CPP, and sleep pattern compared to the patients with a high amount of MS who showed only slight changes. CONCLUSION Therefore, accumulated MS may influence the SD-induced positive effects in depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hemmeter
- Depression Research Unit, Psychiatric University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Neu E, Michailov MC, Wilkowski R, Krämling HJ, Welscher U, Bischof R, Dühmke E, Willich N, Schildberg FW. Implications of vasomotor reactions for a combined oncotherapy including IORT. II. Possibilities for adjuvant pharmacotherapy in oncotherapy. Front Radiat Ther Oncol 1997; 31:28-31. [PMID: 9263782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Neu
- Clinic for Radiation Oncology, University of Munich, Germany
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Lunney JK, Walker K, Goldman T, Aasted B, Bianchi A, Binns R, Licence S, Bischof R, Brandon M, Blecha F. Overview of the First International Workshop to Define Swine Leukocyte Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Antigens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1994; 43:193-206. [PMID: 7856053 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J K Lunney
- USDA, Helminthic Diseases Lab., Beltsville, MD 20705
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Binns RM, Bischof R, Carr MM, Davis WC, Licence ST, Misfeldt M, Pospisil R. Report on the behaviour of monoclonal antibodies in the First International Pig CD Workshop identifying the Null cell families. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1994; 43:279-87. [PMID: 7856059 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(94)90149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Clustering analyses were carried out on data from five independent laboratories testing 22 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reacting with CD2-sIg-lymphocytes on 14 pig blood and/or tissue lymphoid target cells using cytofluorometry. This was coupled with extensive further studies on blood lymphocytes from normal and thymectomised SLAb/b inbred pigs. These mAbs formed two groups: those mainly identifying the large blood-borne thymus-dependent Null T cells (N) and those reacting with tissue and a small number of blood-borne thymus-independent lymphocytes (N'). Based on their tissue cell reaction patterns, the 10 N' mAbs formed three main groups: N'1A and B; N'2A and B; and N'3. The 12N mAbs fell into four groups N4-N7; N6 was divided into subgroups A-D. One N' (032) and two N mAbs (010 and 063) were unclustered. Based on these data, swine workshop cluster numbers were designated to groups N5 (021, 022 and 059) as SWC4, N6 (061 and 117) as SWC5 and N7 (020 and 141) as SWC6, the latter exceptionally as a single antibody, MAC320, since it is the 'type' mAb identifying effectively all blood Null T lymphocytes. Future research and workshops will have to define with a wider range of techniques the relationships, molecular properties and functional roles of the several new, perhaps novel, antigens identified by this family of fascinating, as yet still poorly defined, mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Binns
- Immunology Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Fischer P, Schefer J, Tichy K, Bischof R, Kaldis E. Crystal structure of YbD2 and its temperature dependence determined by neutron diffraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-5088(83)90153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cox EA, Mcclure FD, Bell S, Beswick R, Bischof R, Gasper G, Gibson L, Goldberg A, Gosselè J, Gunn M, King J, Penta F, Richfield-Fratz N, Shah D, Sutherland A, Young R. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Intermediates and Reaction By-Products in FD&C Yellow No. 5: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 1982. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/65.4.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Eight laboratories participated in a collaborative study of an ion exchange high performance liquid chromatographic procedure for determining the intermediates and 2 reaction by-products in FD&C Yellow No. 5: phenylhydrazine-p-sulfonic acid (PHSA), sulfanilic acid (SA), l-(4-sulfophenyl)-3- carboxy-5-hydroxypyrazolone (PyT), l-(4-sulfophenyl) - 3 -ethylcarboxy-5-hydroxypyrazolone (EEpyT), and 4,4'-(diazoamino)-dibenzenesulfonic acid (DAADBSA). The repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations (absolute) found in the study were 0.0134 and 0.0263 for PHSA at the 0.1% level, 0.0246 and 0.0256 for SA at the 0.2% level, 0.0124 and 0.0149 for EEpyT at the 0.1% level, 0.0212 and 0.0258 for PyT at the 0.2% level, and 0.0234 and 0.0373 for DAADBSA at the 0.2% level. The method was adopted official first action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Cox
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Color Technology, Washington, DC 20204
| | - Foster D Mcclure
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Color Technology, Washington, DC 20204
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Cox EA, Reed GF, Bille L, Bischof R, Gasper G, Gunn M, King J, Penta F, Richfield-Fratz N, Seager J, Sharpies W, Young R. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Intermediates and Two Reaction By-Products in FD&C Red No. 40: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 1981. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/64.2.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nine laboratories participated in a collaborative study of an ion exchange high performance liquid chromatographic procedure for determining the intermediates and 2 reaction by-products in FD&C Red No. 40: cresidine sulfonic acid (CSA), Schaeffer’s Salt (SS), 4,4’-(diazoamino)bis(5-methoxy-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid) (DMMA), and 6,6’-oxybis(2- naphthalenesulfonic acid) (DONS), respectively. The repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations (absolute) found in the study were 0.012 and 0.019 for CSA at the 0.2% level, 0.004 and 0.006 for DMMA at the 0.1% level, 0.067 and 0.087 for DONS at the 1% level, and 0.015 and 0.020 for SS at the 0.3% level, respectively. The method has been adopted official first action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Cox
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Color Technology, Washington, DC 20204
| | - George F Reed
- Food and Drug Administration, Division of Color Technology, Washington, DC 20204
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Solnická H, Bischof R. [210Pb and 210Po contents in various brands of Czechoslovak cigarettes]. Cas Lek Cesk 1970; 109:654. [PMID: 5426296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bischof R, Bischof W. [On the diagnosis of sarcoma in the spinal canal]. Dtsch Z Nervenheilkd 1965; 187:213-28. [PMID: 5849535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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