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Ma B, Martínez P, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Blasco MA. Telomere dynamics in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:2505-2521. [PMID: 38219218 PMCID: PMC10936660 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2285551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising source of stem cells for regenerative therapies. Stem cell function depends on telomere maintenance mechanisms that provide them with the proliferative capacity and genome stability necessary to multiply and regenerate tissues. We show here that established human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have stable telomere length that is dependent on telomerase but not on alternative mechanisms based on homologous recombination pathways. Here, we show that human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) reprogrammed from somatic cells show progressive telomere lengthening until reaching a length similar to ESCs. hiPSCs also acquire telomeric chromatin marks of ESCs including decreased abundance of tri-methylated histone H3K9 and H4K20 and HP1 heterochromatic marks, as well as of the shelterin component TRF2. These chromatin features are accompanied with increased abundance of telomere transcripts or TERRAs. We also found that telomeres of both hESCs and hiPSCs are well protected from DNA damage during telomere elongation and once full telomere length is achieved, and exhibit stable genomes. Collectively, this study highlights that hiPSCs acquire ESC features during reprogramming and reveals the telomere biology in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Ma
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vázquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
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Piñeiro-Hermida S, Bosso G, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Martínez P, Blasco MA. Telomerase deficiency and dysfunctional telomeres in the lung tumor microenvironment impair tumor progression in NSCLC mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01149-6. [PMID: 37085672 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01149-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer death. Tumor progression depends on interactions of cancer cells with the tumor microenvironment. Here, we find increased copy number and mRNA expression of the catalytic subunit of telomerase, TERT, in tumors from NSCLC patients, contributing to a lower survival. Moreover, TERT expression in NSCLC patients from the TCGA cohort is mainly associated to the reduced infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes, as well as to increased infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). We also show that TERT deficiency and dysfunctional telomeres induced by 6-thio-dG treatment in mice reduced lung tumor implantation and vascularization, increased DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as reduced proliferation, inflammation, lung tumor immunosupression and invasion upon induction of a Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Furthermore, 6-thio-dG-treated human NSCLC xenografts exhibited increased telomere damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as reduced proliferation, resulting in a reduced tumor growth. Our results show that targeting telomeres might be an effective therapeutic strategy in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Bosso
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vázquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, Madrid, E-28029, Spain.
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Martínez P, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Ferrara-Romeo I, Serrano R, Flores JM, Blasco MA. A mouse model for Li-Fraumeni-Like Syndrome with cardiac angiosarcomas associated to POT1 mutations. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010260. [PMID: 35727838 PMCID: PMC9212151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The shelterin protein POT1 has been found mutated in many different familial and sporadic cancers, however, no mouse models to understand the pathobiology of these mutations have been developed so far. To address the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenic effects of POT1 mutant proteins in humans, we have generated a mouse model for the human POT1R117C mutation found in Li-Fraumeni-Like families with cases of cardiac angiosarcoma by introducing this mutation in the Pot1a endogenous locus, knock-in for Pot1aR117C. We find here that both mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and tissues from Pot1a+/ki mice show longer telomeres than wild-type controls. Longer telomeres in Pot1a+/ki MEFs are dependent on telomerase activity as they are not found in double mutant Pot1a+/kiTert-/- telomerase-deficient MEFs. By using complementation assays we further show that POT1a pR117C exerts dominant-negative effects at telomeres. As in human Li-Fraumeni patients, heterozygous Pot1a+/ki mice spontaneously develop a high incidence of angiosarcomas, including cardiac angiosarcomas, and this is associated to the presence of abnormally long telomeres in endothelial cells as well as in the tumors. The Pot1a+/R117C mouse model constitutes a useful tool to understand human cancers initiated by POT1 mutations. We have generated a mouse model for the human POT1R117C mutation found in Li-Fraumeni-Like (LFL) families with cases of cardiac angiosarcoma by introducing this mutation in the Pot1a endogenous locus, knock-in for Pot1aR117C. The Pot1a+/ki mice show longer telomeres than wild-type controls. Longer telomeres in mutant mice are dependent on telomerase activity as they are not found in a telomerase deficient background. As in human Li-Fraumeni patients, heterozygous Pot1a+/ki mice spontaneously develop a high incidence of angiosarcomas, including cardiac angiosarcomas, and this is associated to the presence of abnormally long telomeres in endothelial cells as well as in the tumors. The ki-Pot1aR117C mouse constitutes a potential pre-clinical mouse model for LFL syndrome presenting with high angiosarcoma incidence that could provide in the future a very useful tool for the study of treatments for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vázquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iole Ferrara-Romeo
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Serrano
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M. Flores
- Animal Surgery and Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Vasiliadou IA, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Molina R, Martínez F, Melero JA, Bautista LF, Iglesias J, Morales G. Biological removal of pharmaceutical compounds using white-rot fungi with concomitant FAME production of the residual biomass. J Environ Manage 2016; 180:228-237. [PMID: 27233048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of two white-rot fungi (WRF), Trametes versicolor and Ganoderma lucidum, to eliminate thirteen pharmaceutical pollutants with concomitant biodiesel production from the accumulating lipid content after treatment, was examined. The removal efficiency was studied using both individual and combined strains. The results of individual and combined strains showed a total removal (100%) of diclofenac (DCF), gemfibrozil (GFZ), ibuprofen (IBP), progesterone (PGT) and ranitidine (RNT). Lower removals were achieved for 4-acetamidoantipyrin (AAA), clofibric acid (ACF), atenolol (ATN), caffeine (CFN), carbamazepine (CZP), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulpiride (SPD), although the combination of both strains enhanced the system's efficiency, with removals ranging from 15 to 41%. This increase of the removal efficiency when combining both strains was attributed to the interactions developed between them (i.e., competition). Results from enzymatic and cytochrome P450 examination suggested that both extracellular (laccase, MnP, LiP) and intracellular oxidation mechanisms participate in the biological removal of pharmaceuticals. On the other hand, the "green" potential of the fungal sludge generated during the biological removal process was assessed for biodiesel production by means of one-step direct (in-situ) transformation. This process consists of the simultaneous extraction and conversion of lipids contained in the sludge by catalytic esterification/transesterification using a robust acid heterogeneous Zr-SBA-15 catalyst. This catalytic system provided conversions close to 80% of the saponifiable fraction (including free fatty acids and glycerides) in the presence of high amount of impurities. The overall weight FAME yield, based on the initial dried mass, was close to 30% for both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Vasiliadou
- School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Sánchez-Vázquez
- School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Molina
- School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Martínez
- School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Melero
- School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - L F Bautista
- School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Iglesias
- School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - G Morales
- School of Experimental Sciences and Technology (ESCET), Rey Juan Carlos University, c/Tulipán s/n. Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
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Melero J, Bautista L, Iglesias J, Morales G, Sánchez-Vázquez R. Zr-SBA-15 acid catalyst: Optimization of the synthesis and reaction conditions for biodiesel production from low-grade oils and fats. Catal Today 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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