1
|
Boak R, Palermo C, Beck EJ, Patch C, Pelly F, Wall C, Gallegos D. A qualitative exploration of the future of nutrition and dietetics in Australia and New Zealand: Implications for the workforce. Nutr Diet 2022; 79:427-437. [PMID: 35355390 PMCID: PMC9545913 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aim We aimed to explore the future roles of nutrition and dietetics professionals, and what capabilities the workforce would need to fulfil these roles. Method A qualitative interpretive approach was employed. We conducted individual interviews with nutrition and non‐nutrition thought leaders external to the profession. In addition, we conducted focus groups with experts within the nutrition and dietetics profession, academic dietetics educators and students/recent nutrition and dietetics graduates (total sample n = 68). Key nutrition‐related issues and challenges, drivers for change and potential future roles of the profession were explored. Data were analysed using a team‐based thematic analysis approach. Results Future roles of nutrition and dietetics professionals were described as food aficionados, diet optimisers, knowledge translators, equity champions, systems navigators and food systems activists, change makers, activists and disruptors. In addition, science was identified as a uniting framework underpinning the professions. An additional 16 critical capabilities were considered to underpin practice. Conclusion The results demonstrated that the current and future needs for workforce education and development need to address the impact of climate change, growing inequities, the democratisation of knowledge and the disruption of health and food systems. Education providers, regulators, professional associations and citizens need to work together to realise roles that will deliver on better health for all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Boak
- Council of Deans Nutrition and Dietetics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Palermo
- Monash Centre for Scholarship in Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eleanor J Beck
- Faculty of Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Craig Patch
- School of Allied Health, Human Services & Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fiona Pelly
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare Wall
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Danielle Gallegos
- Woolworths Centre for Childhood Nutrition Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martin-Kerry J, Gussy M, Gold L, Calache H, Boak R, Smith M, de Silva A. Are Australian parents following feeding guidelines that will reduce their child's risk of dental caries? Child Care Health Dev 2020; 46:495-505. [PMID: 32246860 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood is an important time to establish eating behaviours and taste preferences, and there is strong evidence of the association between the early introduction of sugar-sweetened beverages and obesity and dental caries (tooth decay). Dental caries early in life predicts lifetime caries experience, and worldwide expenditure for dental caries is high. METHODS Questionnaire data from the Splash! longitudinal birth cohort study of young children in Victoria, Australia was used to examine beverage consumption and parental feeding behaviours of young children, aiming to provide contemporary dietary data and assess consistency with the Australian dietary guidelines. RESULTS From 12 months of age, the proportion of children drinking sugar-sweetened beverages consistently increased with age (e.g. fruit juice consumed by 21.8% at 12 months and 76.7% at 4 years of age). However, the most common beverages for young children are milk and water, consistent with Australian dietary guidelines. In relation to other risk factors for dental caries, at 6 months of age children were sharing utensils, and at 12 months three quarters of carers tasted the child's food before feeding. CONCLUSIONS The increasing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and prevalence of other risk factors for dental caries and obesity through early childhood continues to be a problem despite efforts to raise awareness of these issues with parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Martin-Kerry
- Research Fellow, Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, UK
| | - Mark Gussy
- Global Professor of Rural Health and Care, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Lisa Gold
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanny Calache
- Head, Oral Health Research Stream, Deakin Health Economics, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Boak
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Centre for Health Equity, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Smith
- Oral Health Services, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Dental Clinic, Colac Area Health, Colac, Victoria, Australia.,Oral Health Services, Wathaurong Aboriginal Health Service, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea de Silva
- Research Department WorkSafe Victoria, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boak R, Virgo-Milton M, Hoare A, de Silva A, Gibbs L, Gold L, Gussy M, Calache H, Smith M, Waters E. Choosing foods for infants: a qualitative study of the factors that influence mothers. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:359-69. [PMID: 26935767 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining the experiences of parents making food choices for infants is important because ultimately this influences what infants eat. Infancy is a critical period when food preferences and eating behaviour begin to develop, shaping dietary patterns, growth and health outcomes. There is limited evidence regarding what or why foods are chosen for infants. OBJECTIVE To describe the experiences of mothers making food choices for their infant children. METHODS Semi-structured interviews with 32 Australian mothers of infants aged four to 15 months from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds. An inductive thematic analysis through a process of constant comparison was conducted on transcribed interviews. RESULTS Mothers described many ideas and circumstances which influenced food choices they made for infants. Themes were developed which encapsulate how the wider environment and individual circumstances combine to result in the food choices made for infants. Beliefs, values, norms and knowledge were a central influence on choices. Cost, quality and availabilities of various foods were also key factors. Related to this, and combined with inherent factors such as perishability and infant acceptability, fresh fruits and vegetables were often singled out as an easy or difficult choice. Influences of time, parents' capacities, social connections and different information sources were clearly apparent. Finally infants' own preferences and how parents helped infants with learning to eat were also key influences on food choices. CONCLUSIONS Choosing foods for infants is a complex social practice. An ecological framework depicting the multiple influences on what people eat and sociological theory on food choice regarding the role of 'social structure' and 'human agency' are both applicable to the process of choosing foods for infants. Equity issues may be key regarding the degree to which mothers can choose particular foods for infants (e.g. choosing foods which promote health).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Boak
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program. Centre for Health Equity, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Virgo-Milton
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program. Centre for Health Equity, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,GP Data and Business Modelling, Western Victoria Primary Health Network, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - A Hoare
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program. Centre for Health Equity, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A de Silva
- Centre Applied Oral Health Research, Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L Gibbs
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program. Centre for Health Equity, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - L Gold
- Deakin Health Economics, Deakin Population Health SRC, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Gussy
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Calache
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Clinical Leadership, Education and Research, Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - M Smith
- Oral Health Services, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - E Waters
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program. Centre for Health Equity, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Virgo-Milton M, Boak R, Hoare A, Gold L, Waters E, Gussy M, Calache H, O'Callaghan E, de Silva AM. An exploration of the views of Australian mothers on promoting child oral health. Aust Dent J 2016; 61:84-92. [PMID: 25892487 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important role for parents and caregivers in the prevention of dental caries in children is the early establishment of health promoting behaviours. This study aimed to examine mothers' views on barriers and facilitators to promoting child and family oral health. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sample of mothers (n = 32) of young children. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted. RESULTS Parental knowledge and beliefs, past experiences and child behaviour emerged as major influences on children's oral health. Child temperament and parental time pressures were identified as barriers to good oral health with various strategies reported for dealing with uncooperative children at toothbrushing time. Parental oral health knowledge and beliefs emerged as positive influences on child oral health; however, while most mothers were aware of the common causes of dental caries, very few knew of other risk factors such as bedtime feeding. Parents' own oral health experiences were also seen to positively influence child oral health, regardless of whether these were positive or negative experiences. CONCLUSIONS Understanding parental oral health beliefs is essential to overcoming barriers and promoting enablers for good child oral health. Improving child oral health also requires consideration of child behaviour, family influences, and increasing awareness of lesser-known influencing factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Virgo-Milton
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Academic Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Boak
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Academic Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Hoare
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Academic Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Gold
- Deakin Health Economics, Deakin Population Health Social Research Centre, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Waters
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Academic Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Gussy
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Calache
- Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - E O'Callaghan
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Academic Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M de Silva
- Dental Health Services Victoria, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hoare A, Virgo-Milton M, Boak R, Gold L, Waters E, Gussy M, Calache H, Smith M, de Silva AM. A qualitative study of the factors that influence mothers when choosing drinks for their young children. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:430. [PMID: 24997015 PMCID: PMC4097085 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of sweetened beverages is a known common risk factor for the development of obesity and dental caries in children and children consume sweet drinks frequently and in large volumes from an early age. The aim of this study was to examine factors that influence mothers when choosing drinks for their children. Method Semi-structured interviews (n = 32) were conducted with a purposive sample of mothers of young children from Victoria’s Barwon South Western Region (selected from a larger cohort study to include families consuming different types of water, and different socioeconomic status and size). Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on transcribed interviews. Results Several themes emerged as influencing child drink choice. Child age: Water was the main beverage for the youngest child however it was seen as more acceptable to give older children sweetened beverages. Child preference and temperament: influencing when and if sweet drinks were given; Family influences such as grandparents increased children’s consumption of sweet drinks, often providing children drinks such as fruit juice and soft drinks regardless of maternal disapproval. The Setting: children were more likely to be offered sweetened drinks either as a reward or treat for good behaviour or when out shopping, out for dinner or at parties. Conclusions Limiting intake of sweet drinks is considered an important step for child general and oral health. However, the choice of drinks for children has influences from social, environmental and behavioural domains, indicating that a multi-strategy approach is required to bring about this change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea M de Silva
- Dental Health Services Victoria, 720 Swanston St, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
de Silva-Sanigorski AM, Bell AC, Kremer P, Park J, Demajo L, Smith M, Sharp S, Nichols M, Carpenter L, Boak R, Swinburn B. Process and impact evaluation of the Romp & Chomp obesity prevention intervention in early childhood settings: lessons learned from implementation in preschools and long day care settings. Child Obes 2012; 8:205-15. [PMID: 22799546 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2011.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Romp & Chomp controlled trial, which aimed to prevent obesity in preschool Australian children, was recently found to reduce the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity and improve children's dietary patterns. The intervention focused on capacity building and policy implementation within various early childhood settings. This paper reports on the process and impact evaluation of this trial and the lessons learned from this complex community intervention. METHODS Process data was collected throughout and audits capturing nutrition and physical activity-related environments and practices were completed postintervention by directors of Long Day Care (LDC) centers (n = 10) and preschools (n = 41) in intervention and comparison (n = 161 LDC and n = 347 preschool) groups. RESULTS The environmental audits demonstrated positive impacts in both settings on policy, nutrition, physical activity opportunities, and staff capacity and practices, although results varied across settings and were more substantial in the preschool settings. Important lessons were learned in relation to implementation of such community-based interventions, including the significant barriers to implementing health-promotion interventions in early childhood settings, lack of engagement of for-profit LDC centers in the evaluation, and an inability to attribute direct intervention impacts when the intervention components were delivered as part of a health-promotion package integrated with other programs. CONCLUSIONS These results provide confidence that obesity prevention interventions in children's settings can be effective; however, significant efforts must be directed toward developing context-specific strategies that invest in policies, capacity building, staff support, and parent engagement. Recognition by funders and reviewers of the difficulties involved in implementing and evaluating such complex interventions is also critical to strengthening the evidence base on the effectiveness of such public health approaches to obesity prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M de Silva-Sanigorski
- Jack Brockhoff Child Health and Wellbeing Program, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Silva-Sanigorski A, Prosser L, Hegde S, Gussy MG, Calache H, Boak R, Nasser M, Carpenter L, Barrow S. Community-based, population level interventions for promoting child oral health. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
8
|
de Silva-Sanigorski A, Elea D, Bell C, Kremer P, Carpenter L, Nichols M, Smith M, Sharp S, Boak R, Swinburn B. Obesity prevention in the family day care setting: impact of the Romp & Chomp intervention on opportunities for children's physical activity and healthy eating. Child Care Health Dev 2011; 37:385-93. [PMID: 21276039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Romp & Chomp intervention reduced the prevalence of overweight/obesity in pre-school children in Geelong, Victoria, Australia through an intervention promoting healthy eating and active play in early childhood settings. This study aims to determine if the intervention successfully created more health promoting family day care (FDC) environments. METHODS The evaluation had a cross-sectional, quasi-experimental design with the intervention FDC service in Geelong and a comparison sample from 17 FDC services across Victoria. A 45-item questionnaire capturing nutrition- and physical activity-related aspects of the policy, socio-cultural and physical environments of the FDC service was completed by FDC care providers (in 2008) in the intervention (n= 28) and comparison (n= 223) samples. RESULTS Select results showed intervention children spent less time in screen-based activities (P= 0.03), organized active play (P < 0.001) and free inside play (P= 0.03) than comparison children. There were more rules related to healthy eating (P < 0.001), more care provider practices that supported children's positive meal experiences (P < 0.001), fewer unhealthy food items allowed (P= 0.05), higher odds of staff being trained in nutrition (P= 0.04) and physical activity (P < 0.001), lower odds of having set minimum times for outside (P < 0.001) and organized (P= 0.01) active play, and of rewarding children with food (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Romp & Chomp improved the FDC service to one that discourages sedentary behaviours and promotes opportunities for children to eat nutritious foods. Ongoing investment to increase children's physical activity within the setting and improving the capacity and health literacy of care providers is required to extend and sustain the improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A de Silva-Sanigorski
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Prevention, Deakin University and McCaughey Centre and Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Silva-Sanigorski AM, Bell AC, Kremer P, Nichols M, Crellin M, Smith M, Sharp S, de Groot F, Carpenter L, Boak R, Robertson N, Swinburn BA. Reducing obesity in early childhood: results from Romp & Chomp, an Australian community-wide intervention program. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:831-40. [PMID: 20147472 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence that community-based interventions can reduce childhood obesity in older children. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effectiveness of the Romp & Chomp intervention in reducing obesity and promoting healthy eating and active play in children aged 0-5 y. DESIGN Romp & Chomp was a community-wide, multisetting, multistrategy intervention conducted in Australia from 2004 to 2008. The intervention occurred in a large regional city (Geelong) with a target group of 12,000 children and focused on community capacity building and environmental (political, sociocultural, and physical) changes to increase healthy eating and active play in early-childhood care and educational settings. The evaluation was repeat cross-sectional with a quasiexperimental design and comparison sample. Main outcome measures were body mass index (BMI), standardized BMI (zBMI; according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 reference charts), and prevalence of overweight/obesity and obesity-related behaviors in children aged 2 and 3.5 y. RESULTS After the intervention there was a significantly lower mean weight, BMI, and zBMI in the 3.5-y-old subsample and a significantly lower prevalence of overweight/obesity in both the 2- and 3.5-y-old subsamples (by 2.5 and 3.4 percentage points, respectively) than in the comparison sample (a difference of 0.7 percentage points; P < 0.05) compared with baseline values. Intervention child-behavioral data showed a significantly lower intake of packaged snacks (by 0.23 serving), fruit juice (0.52 serving), and cordial (0.43 serving) than that in the comparison sample (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A community-wide multisetting, multistrategy intervention in early-childhood settings can reduce childhood obesity and improve young children's diets. This trial was registered with the Australian Clinical Trials Registry at anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12607000374460.
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Burns C, Gibbon P, Boak R, Baudinette S, Dunbar J. Food cost and availability in a rural setting in Australia. Rural Remote Health 2004. [DOI: 10.22605/rrh311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
|
12
|
Burns CM, Gibbon P, Boak R, Baudinette S, Dunbar JA. Food cost and availability in a rural setting in Australia. Rural Remote Health 2004; 4:311. [PMID: 15887990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of chronic diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide. In Australia rural populations have a greater burden of disease. Chronic diseases are largely preventable with diet as a key risk factor. With respect to diet-related chronic disease, dietary risk may be due to poor food access, namely, poor availability and/or the high cost of healthy food. It is likely that poor food access is an issue in rural areas. OBJECTIVE To assess food access in rural south-west (SW) Victoria, Australia. METHODS A total of 53 supermarkets and grocery stores in 42 towns participated in a survey of food cost and availability in the rural area of SW Victoria. The survey assessed availability and cost of a Healthy Food Access Basket (HFAB) which was designed to meet the nutritional needs of a family of 6 for 2 weeks. RESULTS Seventy-two percent of the eligible shops in SW Victoria were surveyed. The study found that the complete HFAB was significantly more likely to be available in a town with a chain-owned store (p <0.00). The complete HFAB was less likely to be available from an independently owned store in a town with only one grocery shop (p <0.004). The average cost of the HFAB across SW Victoria was AU380.30 dollars +/- 25.10 dollars (mean +/- SD). There was a mean range in difference of cost of the HFAB of 36.92 dollars. In particular, high variability was found in the cost of fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS Cost and availability of healthy food may be compromised in rural areas. IMPLICATIONS Improvements in food access in rural areas could reduce the high burden of disease suffered by rural communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Burns
- Deakin Universty, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Warren SL, Marmor L, Boak R, Liebes DM. Transmission of an active agent from rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue to chicks. Arch Intern Med 1971; 128:619-22. [PMID: 5111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
14
|
|