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Lahlil R, Aries A, Scrofani M, Zanetti C, Hennequin D, Drénou B. Stem Cell Responsiveness to Imatinib in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16671. [PMID: 38068992 PMCID: PMC10706348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative disease characterized by the presence of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which results from the Philadelphia chromosome. Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as imatinib mesylate (IM), the clinical outcomes for patients with CML have improved significantly. However, IM resistance remains the major clinical challenge for many patients, underlining the need to develop new drugs for the treatment of CML. The basis of CML cell resistance to this drug is unclear, but the appearance of additional genetic alterations in leukemic stem cells (LSCs) is the most common cause of patient relapse. However, several groups have identified a rare subpopulation of CD34+ stem cells in adult patients that is present mainly in the bone marrow and is more immature and pluripotent; these cells are also known as very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). The uncontrolled proliferation and a compromised differentiation possibly initiate their transformation to leukemic VSELs (LVSELs). Their nature and possible involvement in carcinogenesis suggest that they cannot be completely eradicated with IM treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that cells from CML patients with the VSELs phenotype (LVSELs) similarly harbor the fusion protein BCR-ABL and are less sensitive to apoptosis than leukemic HSCs after IM treatment. Thus, IM induces apoptosis and reduces the proliferation and mRNA expression of Ki67 more efficiently in LHSCs than in leukemic LVSELs. Finally, we found that the expression levels of some miRNAs are affected in LVSELs. In addition to the tumor suppressor miR-451, both miR-126 and miR-21, known to be responsible for LSC leukemia-initiating capacity, quiescence, and growth, appear to be involved in IM insensitivity of LVSELs CML cell population. Targeting IM-resistant CML leukemic stem cells by acting via the miRNA pathways may represent a promising therapeutic option.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Lahlil
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Anne Aries
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Maurice Scrofani
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Céline Zanetti
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Desline Hennequin
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Bernard Drénou
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (A.A.); (B.D.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, Hôpital E. Muller, 20 Avenue de Dr. Laennec, 68100 Mulhouse, France
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Aries A, Vignon C, Zanetti C, Goubaud A, Cormier A, Diederichs A, Lahlil R, Hénon P, Garitaonandia I. Development of a potency assay for CD34 + cell-based therapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19665. [PMID: 37952030 PMCID: PMC10640600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that intracardiac delivery of autologous CD34+ cells after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is safe and leads to long term improvement. We are now conducting a multicenter, randomized, controlled Phase I/IIb study in post-AMI to investigate the safety and efficacy of intramyocardial injection of expanded autologous CD34+ cells (ProtheraCytes) (NCT02669810). Here, we conducted a series of in vitro studies characterizing the growth factor secretion, exosome secretion, gene expression, cell surface markers, differentiation potential, and angiogenic potential of ProtheraCytes clinical batches to develop a potency assay. We show that ProtheraCytes secrete vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its concentration is significantly correlated with the number of CD34+ cells obtained after expansion. ProtheraCytes also secrete exosomes containing proangiogenic miRNAs (126, 130a, 378, 26a), antiapoptotic miRNAs (21 and 146a), antifibrotic miRNAs (133a, 24, 29b, 132), and miRNAs promoting myocardial regeneration (199a and 590). We also show that ProtheraCytes have in vitro angiogenic activity, express surface markers of endothelial progenitor cells, and can differentiate in vitro into endothelial cells. After the in vitro characterization of multiple ProtheraCytes clinical batches, we established that measuring the concentration of VEGF provided the most practical, reliable, and consistent potency assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Aries
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation, Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Céline Zanetti
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation, Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, Mulhouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Rachid Lahlil
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation, Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, Mulhouse, France
| | - Philippe Hénon
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation, Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, Mulhouse, France
- CellProthera SAS, 12 Rue du Parc, Mulhouse, France
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Aries A, Zanetti C, Hénon P, Drénou B, Lahlil R. Deciphering the Cardiovascular Potential of Human CD34 + Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119551. [PMID: 37298503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo monitored human CD34+ stem cells (SCs) injected into myocardium scar tissue have shown real benefits for the recovery of patients with myocardial infarctions. They have been used previously in clinical trials with hopeful results and are expected to be promising for cardiac regenerative medicine following severe acute myocardial infarctions. However, some debates on their potential efficacy in cardiac regenerative therapies remain to be clarified. To elucidate the levels of CD34+ SC implication and contribution in cardiac regeneration, better identification of the main regulators, pathways, and genes involved in their potential cardiovascular differentiation and paracrine secretion needs to be determined. We first developed a protocol thought to commit human CD34+ SCs purified from cord blood toward an early cardiovascular lineage. Then, by using a microarray-based approach, we followed their gene expression during differentiation. We compared the transcriptome of undifferentiated CD34+ cells to those induced at two stages of differentiation (i.e., day three and day fourteen), with human cardiomyocyte progenitor cells (CMPCs), as well as cardiomyocytes as controls. Interestingly, in the treated cells, we observed an increase in the expressions of the main regulators usually present in cardiovascular cells. We identified cell surface markers of the cardiac mesoderm, such as kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) and the cardiogenic surface receptor Frizzled 4 (FZD4), induced in the differentiated cells in comparison to undifferentiated CD34+ cells. The Wnt and TGF-β pathways appeared to be involved in this activation. This study underlined the real capacity of effectively stimulated CD34+ SCs to express cardiac markers and, once induced, allowed the identification of markers that are known to be involved in vascular and early cardiogenesis, demonstrating their potential priming towards cardiovascular cells. These findings could complement their paracrine positive effects known in cell therapy for heart disease and may help improve the efficacy and safety of using ex vivo expanded CD34+ SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Aries
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Céline Zanetti
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | | | - Bernard Drénou
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France
- Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, Hôpital E. Muller, 20 Avenue de Dr Laennec, 68100 Mulhouse, France
| | - Rachid Lahlil
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France
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Hénon P, Kowalczyk M, Aries A, Vignon C, Trébuchet G, Lahlil R. Industrialized GMP Production of CD34 + Cells (ProtheraCytes®) at Clinical Scale for Treatment of Ischemic Cardiac Diseases Is Feasible and Safe. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1614-1626. [PMID: 35420389 PMCID: PMC9209364 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine now needs to pass a crucial turning point, from academic research to the market. Several sources/types of cells have been experimented with, more or less successfully. CD34+ cells have demonstrated multipotent or even pluripotent capacities, making them good candidates for regenerative medicine, particularly for treating heart diseases. Strongly encouraged by the results we achieved in a pilot study using CD34+ stem cells in patients with poor-prognosis acute myocardial infarcts (AMIs), we soon began the development of an industrialized platform making use of a closed automated device (StemXpand®) and a disposable kit (StemPack®) for the large-scale expansion of CD34+ cells with reproducible good manufacturing practice (GMP). This scalable platform can produce expanded CD34+ cells (ProtheraCytes®) of sufficient quality that, interestingly, express early markers of the cardiac and endothelial pathways and early cardiac-mesoderm markers. They also contain CD34+ pluripotent cells characterized as very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), capable of differentiating under appropriate stimuli into different tissue lineages, including endothelial and cardiomyocytic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Aries
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation, Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, Mulhouse, France
| | | | | | - Rachid Lahlil
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation, Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d'Altkirch, Mulhouse, France
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Lahlil R, Scrofani M, Aries A, Hénon P, Drénou B. Differential Expression of the Tetraspanin CD9 in Normal and Leukemic Stem Cells. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10040312. [PMID: 33918035 PMCID: PMC8070267 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Before their use in regenerative medicine, stem cells need to be expanded to obtain sufficient cells for the efficient reparation of the injured tissues. This expansion must not affect their integrity. Regarding the role played by different receptors, we observed that, during their expansion, the number of promising pluripotent stem cells found in adult tissues, i.e., very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), which express the CD9 receptor, decreased. This is due to their higher mortality rate compared to that of those not expressing CD9, which can lead to low regenerative efficiency for injured tissues. Interestingly, this could be overcome by the addition of a specific growth factor, allowing the re-establishment of their function. Finally, we found that the expression of this receptor is also deregulated in cells phenotypically identical to VSELs isolated from leukemic patients, which attests to the instability of its expression and may explain disease progression. Abstract CD9 plays a crucial role in cellular growth, mobility, and signal transduction, as well as in hematological malignancy. In myeloid neoplasms, CD9 is involved in the altered interactions between leukemic and stromal cells. However, apart from its role in CD34+ progenitors and myeloid and megakaryocytic differentiation, its function in normal and leukemic pluripotent cells has not yet been determined. Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) are promising pluripotent stem cells found in adult tissues that can be developed for safe and efficient regenerative medicine. VSELs express different surface receptors of the highest importance in cell functioning, including CD9, and can be effectively mobilized after organ injury or in leukemic patients. In the present study, we observed that CD9 is among the most expressed receptors in VSELs under steady-state conditions; however, once the VSELs are expanded, CD9+ VSELs decrease and are more apoptotic. CD9– VSELs had no proliferative improvement in vitro compared to those that were CD9+. Interestingly, the addition of SDF-1 induced CD9 expression on the surface of VSELs, as observed by flow cytometry, and improved their migration. In addition, we observed, in the phenotypically identical VSELs present in the peripheral blood of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms, compared to healthy subjects, a significantly higher number of CD9+ cells. However, in their hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) counterparts, the expression remained comparable. These results indicate that, likewise, in progenitors and mature cells, CD9 may play an important function in normal and malignant VSELs. This could explain the refractoriness observed by some groups of expanded stem cells to repairing efficiently damaged tissue when used as a source in cell therapies. Understanding the function of the CD9 receptor in normal and malignant CD34+ and VSELs, along with its relationship with the CXCR4/SDF-1 pathway, will enable advances in the field of adult pluripotent cell usage in regenerative medicine and in their role in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Lahlil
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (M.S.); (A.A.); (B.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maurice Scrofani
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (M.S.); (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Anne Aries
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (M.S.); (A.A.); (B.D.)
| | | | - Bernard Drénou
- Institut de Recherche en Hématologie et Transplantation (IRHT), Hôpital du Hasenrain, 87 Avenue d’Altkirch, 68100 Mulhouse, France; (M.S.); (A.A.); (B.D.)
- Laboratoire d’Hématologie, Groupe Hospitalier de la Région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, Hôpital E. Muller, 20 Avenue de Dr Laennec, 68100 Mulhouse, France
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Hénon P, Lahlil R. CD34+ Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khatib AM, Lahlil R, Hagedorn M, Delomenie C, Christophe O, Denis C, Siegfried G. Biological outcome and mapping of total factor cascades in response to HIF induction during regenerative angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12102-20. [PMID: 26933814 PMCID: PMC4914272 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) is the main transcription factor that mediates cell response to hypoxia. Howeverthe complex factor cascades induced by HIF during regenerative angiogenesis are currently incompletely mapped and the biological outcome mediated by chronic HIF induction during vessel regeneration are not well known. Here, we investigated the biological impact of HIF induction on vascular regeneration and identified the differentially regulated genes during regeneration, HIF induction and hypoxic regeneration. The use of the fin zebrafish regeneration model revealed that exposure to HIF inducer (cobalt chloride) prevents vessel differentiation by maintaining their vascular plexuses in an immature state. The regenerated fins are easily breakable, lacking completely endochondral ossification. Gene expression arrays combined to gene functional enrichment analysis revealed that regenerative process and HIF induction shared the regulation of common genes mainly involved in DNA replication and proteasome complex. HIF induction during regeneration affected the expression of exclusive genes involved in cell differentiation and communication, consistent with the observed immature vascular plexuses of the regenerated fins during HIF induction. The use of morpholino (MO) knockdown strategy revealed that the expression of some of these genes such as tubulin and col10a1 are required for fin regeneration. Taken together, this study revealed the impact of HIF induction on regenerative angiogenesis and provided a framework to develop a gene network leading to regenerative process during HIF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Majid Khatib
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
| | | | - Martin Hagedorn
- Université Bordeaux, Pessac, France.,INSERM, LAMC, UMR 1029, Pessac, France
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Khatib AM, Lahlil R, Scamuffa N, Akimenko MA, Ernest S, Lomri A, Lalou C, Seidah NG, Villoutreix BO, Calvo F, Siegfried G. Zebrafish ProVEGF-C expression, proteolytic processing and inhibitory effect of unprocessed ProVEGF-C during fin regeneration. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11438. [PMID: 20625388 PMCID: PMC2896389 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In zebrafish, vascular endothelial growth factor-C precursor (proVEGF-C) processing occurs within the dibasic motif HSIIRR(214) suggesting the involvement of one or more basic amino acid-specific proprotein convertases (PCs) in this process. In the present study, we examined zebrafish proVEGF-C expression and processing and the effect of unprocessed proVEGF-C on caudal fin regeneration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cell transfection assays revealed that the cleavage of proVEGF-C, mainly mediated by the proprotein convertases Furin and PC5 and to a less degree by PACE4 and PC7, is abolished by PCs inhibitors or by mutation of its cleavage site (HSIIRR(214) into HSIISS(214)). In vitro, unprocessed proVEGF-C failed to activate its signaling proteins Akt and ERK and to induce cell proliferation. In vivo, following caudal fin amputation, the induction of VEGF-C, Furin and PC5 expression occurs as early as 2 days post-amputation (dpa) with a maximum levels at 4-7 dpa. Using immunofluorescence staining we localized high expression of VEGF-C and the convertases Furin and PC5 surrounding the apical growth zone of the regenerating fin. While expression of wild-type proVEGF-C in this area had no effect, unprocessed proVEGF-C inhibited fin regeneration. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCES Taken together, these data indicate that zebrafish fin regeneration is associated with up-regulation of VEGF-C and the convertases Furin and PC5 and highlight the inhibitory effect of unprocessed proVEGF-C on fin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-Majid Khatib
- INSERM, UMRS940, Equipe Avenir. Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital St-Louis, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Rachid Lahlil
- INSERM, UMRS940, Equipe Avenir. Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital St-Louis, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
- INSERM U 770, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Nathalie Scamuffa
- INSERM, UMRS940, Equipe Avenir. Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital St-Louis, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Abdderahim Lomri
- INSERM U 606, Université Paris 7, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Claude Lalou
- INSERM, UMRS940, Equipe Avenir. Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital St-Louis, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, IRCM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fabien Calvo
- INSERM, UMRS940, Equipe Avenir. Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital St-Louis, Université Paris 7, Paris, France
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Lahlil R, Calvo F, Khatib AM. The potential anti-tumorigenic and anti-metastatic side of the proprotein convertases inhibitors. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2009; 4:83-91. [PMID: 19149690 DOI: 10.2174/157489209787002470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The setup of tumorigenesis processes is generally associated with various events leading to abnormal expression of oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes. Recently, the expression and/or activity of a range of molecules involved in these processes were reported to require proteolytic processing of their precursor proteins by the serine pro-protein convertases (PCs) in order to mediate their biological functions. These include adhesion molecules, proteases, growth factors, cytokines and their receptors. Since their discovery, the identification of new PCs substrates and specific PCs inhibitors became an attractive strategy in cancer therapy. In this review, we will report the implication of these enzymes and the processing of their substrates in tumor progression and metastasis. Newly reported studies on the potential use of the PCs as new therapeutic targets will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Lahlil
- INSERM, U 716, Equipe Avenir. Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Paris, 75010, France
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Lécuyer E, Larivière S, Sincennes MC, Haman A, Lahlil R, Todorova M, Tremblay M, Wilkes BC, Hoang T. Protein Stability and Transcription Factor Complex Assembly Determined by the SCL-LMO2 Interaction. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:33649-33658. [PMID: 17878155 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703939200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression programs are established by networks of interacting transcription factors. The basic helix-loop-helix factor SCL and the LIM-only protein LMO2 are components of transcription factor complexes that are essential for hematopoiesis. Here we show that LMO2 and SCL are predominant interaction partners in hematopoietic cells and that this interaction occurs through a conserved interface residing in the loop and helix 2 of SCL. This interaction nucleates the assembly of SCL complexes on DNA and is required for target gene induction and for the stimulation of erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. We also demonstrate that SCL determines LMO2 protein levels in hematopoietic cells and reveal that interaction with SCL prevents LMO2 degradation by the proteasome. We propose that the SCL-LMO2 interaction couples protein stabilization with higher order protein complex assembly, thus providing a powerful means of modulating the stoichiometry and spatiotemporal activity of SCL complexes. This interaction likely provides a rate-limiting step in the transcriptional control of hematopoiesis and leukemia, and similar mechanisms may operate to control the assembly of diverse protein modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lécuyer
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and the Departments of, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada
| | - Simon Larivière
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and the Departments of, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Sincennes
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and the Departments of, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada
| | - André Haman
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and the Departments of, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada
| | - Rachid Lahlil
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and the Departments of, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada
| | - Margarita Todorova
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and the Departments of, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Tremblay
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and the Departments of, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada
| | - Brian C Wilkes
- Institut de Recherche Clinique de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Trang Hoang
- Institut de Recherche en Immunologie et Cancérologie and the Departments of, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 2J7, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 2J7, Canada.
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Martin R, Lahlil R, Damert A, Miquerol L, Nagy A, Keller G, Hoang T. SCL interacts with VEGF to suppress apoptosis at the onset of hematopoiesis. Development 2004; 131:693-702. [PMID: 14729577 DOI: 10.1242/dev.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During development, hematopoiesis initiates in the yolk sac through a process that depends on VEGF/Flk1 signaling and on the function of the SCL/Tal1 transcription factor. Here we show that VEGF modifies the developmental potential of primitive erythroid progenitors and prolongs their life span. Furthermore, the survival of yolk sac erythrocytes in vivo depends on the dose of VEGF. Interestingly, in Vegflo/lo embryos carrying a hypomorph allele, Flk1-positive cells reach the yolk sac at E8.5,but are severely compromised in their ability to generate primitive erythroid precursors. These observations indicate that during embryonic development,different thresholds of VEGF are required for the migration and clonal expansion of hematopoietic precursors. The near absence of primitive erythroid precursors in Vegflo/lo embryos correlates with low levels of Scl in the yolk sac. Strikingly, gain-of-function of SCL partially complements the hematopoietic defect caused by the hypomorph Vegflo allele, and re-establishes the survival of erythroid cells and the expression of erythroid genes (Gata1 andβH1). This indicates that SCL functions downstream of VEGF to ensure an expansion of the hematopoietic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Martin
- Laboratory of Hematopoiesis and Leukemia, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Lahlil R, Lécuyer E, Herblot S, Hoang T. SCL assembles a multifactorial complex that determines glycophorin A expression. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:1439-52. [PMID: 14749362 PMCID: PMC344179 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.4.1439-1452.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2003] [Revised: 08/22/2003] [Accepted: 11/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
SCL/TAL1 is a hematopoietic-specific transcription factor of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family that is essential for erythropoiesis. Here we identify the erythroid cell-specific glycophorin A gene (GPA) as a target of SCL in primary hematopoietic cells and show that SCL occupies the GPA locus in vivo. GPA promoter activation is dependent on the assembly of a multifactorial complex containing SCL as well as ubiquitous (E47, Sp1, and Ldb1) and tissue-specific (LMO2 and GATA-1) transcription factors. In addition, our observations suggest functional specialization within this complex, as SCL provides its HLH protein interaction motif, GATA-1 exerts a DNA-tethering function through its binding to a critical GATA element in the GPA promoter, and E47 requires its N-terminal moiety (most likely entailing a transactivation function). Finally, endogenous GPA expression is disrupted in hematopoietic cells through the dominant-inhibitory effect of a truncated form of E47 (E47-bHLH) on E-protein activity or of FOG (Friend of GATA) on GATA activity or when LMO2 or Ldb-1 protein levels are decreased. Together, these observations reveal the functional complementarities of transcription factors within the SCL complex and the essential role of SCL as a nucleation factor within a higher-order complex required to activate gene GPA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Lahlil
- Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
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Morjani H, Belhoussine R, Lahlil R, Manfait M. Pirarubicin nuclear uptake does not correlate with its induced cell death effect during reversal of multidrug resistance by quinine in human K562 and CEM leukemic cells. Eur J Haematol 1998; 61:240-9. [PMID: 9820630 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1998.tb01709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of small and lipophilic cations are able to reverse in vitro the resistance to anthracyclines and other natural products through their interaction with P-glycoprotein or P-gp. However, some modulators do not interact with P-gp. We have demonstrated in a previous a work, using confocal laser microspectrofluorometry, that quinine does not increase nuclear anthracycline uptake in multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster ovary LR73 cells. In this case the LR73 cells were transfected with the mdr1 gene. Moreover, quinine induced in these cells an increase of mdr1 gene expression. In the present study, we investigated verapamil and quinine for their ability to increase nuclear pirarubicin uptake in multidrug-resistant K562R and CEMR human leukemic cell lines. These two cell lines resist, respectively, to doxorubicin and vinblastine and both overexpress the P-gp. Verapamil was able to restore nuclear pirarubicin in both cell lines. On the other hand, quinine was unable to significantly increase nuclear pirarubicin uptake. Both modulators were able to restore pirarubicin sensitivity in both resistant cell lines. After treatment with quinine, mdr1 gene and P-gp expression was not significantly altered as observed previously in the LR73 cells. This suggest that the effect of quinine on mdr1 gene expression is dependent on the cell line studied. These data suggest that quinine could modify the molecular environment of anthracyclines and/or its binding to a possible cytoplasmic target, and that the mechanisms by which anthracyclines induce cell death, and ways by which chemotherapy fails in multidrug-resistant leukemic cells remain complex and are related to more than one target.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Morjani
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Spectroscopy, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, IFR53, UPRES EA2063, Faculty of Pharmacy, France
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14
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Belhoussine R, Morjani H, Lahlil R, Manfait M. Evidence for reversal of multidrug resistance by quinine in LR73 cells without alteration of nuclear pirarubicin uptake and down-regulation of mdr1 gene expression. Int J Cancer 1997; 73:600-6. [PMID: 9389578 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19971114)73:4<600::aid-ijc23>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Confocal laser microspectrofluorometry was used to investigate restoration of nuclear pirarubicin (THP-DOX) accumulation and sensitivity by verapamil, quinine and S9788 in 2 variants of the Chinese hamster ovary cell lines LR73, selected for resistance to doxorubicin (LR73D) or transfected with the mdr1 gene (LR73R). The 2 resistant cell lines present a multidrug-resistance phenotype (MDR). Verapamil and S9788, which interact with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), were able to restore nuclear THP-DOX accumulation in LR73R and LR73D cells to a level equivalent to that in sensitive cells. On the other hand, quinine was unable to increase nuclear THP-DOX accumulation significantly even at a concentration of 50 microM. All modulators completely restored THP-DOX sensitivity in resistant cell lines. Our results also show that verapamil and S9788 allow high nuclear drug accumulation, whereas quinine did not affect nuclear accumulation. The effect of quinine on the mdr1 gene expression was determined by the use of reverse transcription coupled with polymerase chain reaction. After a 2 hr treatment with 20 microM of quinine, mdr1 gene expression increased slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Belhoussine
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Biomoléculaire, UFR de Pharmacie, Reims, France
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Jeannesson P, Lahlil R, Chenais B, Devy L, Gillet R, Aries A, Morceau F, Trentesaux C. Anthracyclines as tumor cell differentiating agents: effects on the regulation of erythroid gene expression. Leuk Lymphoma 1997; 26:575-87. [PMID: 9389364 DOI: 10.3109/10428199709050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells, and particularly leukemic cells, can be considered as maturation-arrested cells which have escaped some normal control and continue to proliferate. This maturation arrest can be reversed by differentiation agents such as antitumor drugs currently used in conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. In this respect, anthracyclines have been shown to trigger the differentiation of leukemic and solid tumor cells, but the molecular mechanisms by which such drugs lead to the differentiating phenotype are still poorly understood. Using human leukemic multipotent K562 cells, we have demonstrated that subtoxic concentrations of aclacinomycin (ACLA) and doxorubicin (DOX) preferentially stimulate the hemoglobinic pathway (globins and heme synthesis) and the expression of mRNAs of globins and of porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD). However, our results indicate that both drugs exert this differentiating effect along distinct regulatory pathways. Indeed, only ACLA and not DOX induces the expression of erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) mRNAs and of membrane EpoR, as well as an overexpression of the erythroid transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2 known to play a central role in erythroid gene regulation. Similarly, using transfection assays, ACLA but not DOX activates the regulatory regions (promoters and enhancers) of GATA-1, EpoR, PBGD, epsilon- and gamma-globin genes. Finally, results of run-on assays indicate that ACLA induces an enhancement of the transcription rate of these erythroid genes whereas DOX preferentially increases stability of GATA-1, NF-E2 and PBGD mRNAs. In conclusion, ACLA mainly acts at the transcriptional level via specific activation of erythroid regulatory regions whereas DOX rather acts at the posttranscriptional level by increasing the half-lives of erythroid mRNAs.
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MESH Headings
- Aclarubicin/analogs & derivatives
- Aclarubicin/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Carbohydrate Sequence
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/drug effects
- Erythroid Precursor Cells/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jeannesson
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, GIBSA, Faculté de Pharmacie, Reims, France
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16
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Morceau F, Aries A, Lahlil R, Devy L, Jardillier JC, Jeannesson P, Trentesaux C. Evidence for distinct regulation processes in the aclacinomycin- and doxorubicin-mediated differentiation of human erythroleukemic cells. Biochem Pharmacol 1996; 51:839-45. [PMID: 8602880 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)02240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Human erythroleukemic K 562 cells were induced to were induced to differentiate along the erythroid lineage by anthracycline antitumor drugs, such as aclacinomycin (ACLA) and doxorubicin (DOX). Subsequent stimulation of heme and globin synthesis led to a differential quantitative expression of hemoglobins. Gower 1 (epsilon2, zeta2) was the major type for ACLA and X (epsilon2, gamma2) for DOX. Although ACLA and DOX increased both the expression of gamma-globin and porphobilinogen deaminase mRNAs, striking differences were observed in the expression of erythropoietin receptor mRNAs and in erythroid transcription factors GATA-1 and NF-E2, known to play a key role in erythroid gene regulation. Indeed, ACLA induces an increase either in the binding capacity of GATA-1 and NF-E2 or in the accumulation of erythropoietin receptor, GATA-1 and NF-E2 transcripts. In contrast, their expression with DOX was not significantly modified compared to uninduced cells, except for a slight decrease in NF-E2 expression on day 3. In conclusion, these data show that: 1. increased expression of erythroid transcription factors and erythroid genes are associated only with ACLA treatment, and 2. although cytotoxicity of both ACLA and DOX is certainly dependent on DNA intercalation, regulation of differentiation processes by these two drugs involves distinct mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Aclarubicin/analogs & derivatives
- Aclarubicin/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Base Sequence
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors
- GATA1 Transcription Factor
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Globins/biosynthesis
- Globins/genetics
- Hemoglobins/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase/biosynthesis
- Hydroxymethylbilane Synthase/genetics
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- NF-E2 Transcription Factor
- NF-E2 Transcription Factor, p45 Subunit
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Erythropoietin/genetics
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- F Morceau
- Laboratoire De Biochimie, GIBSA, UFR De Pharmacie, Reims, France
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17
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Bridges EG, Trentesaux C, Lahlil R, Spiga MG, Jeannesson P, Sommadossi JP. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine inhibits erythroid-specific transcription factors in human erythroid K562 leukemia cells. Eur J Haematol Suppl 1996; 56:62-7. [PMID: 8599995 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.1996.tb00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study examines genetic mechanism(s) possibly involved in the observed 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-induced inhibition of globin gene transcription by evaluating the direct phenotypic erythroid effects of AZT on erythroid-specific transcription factors which regulate globin gene promoters. In vitro binding of GATA-1 or NFE-2 to its consensus sequence was decreased in the presence of AZT reaching a maximum inhibition as early as 24 h after AZT treatment. Nuclear extracts from butyric acid-induced K562 cells treated with an IC50 concentration of AZT exhibited a decrease in GATA-1 and NFE-2 binding by approximately 30% and 35%. In contrast, 2',3'-dideoxycytidine which inhibits cell growth without affecting hemoglobin synthesis, had no effect on binding of GATA-1 and NFE-2 factors. Northern blot analysis revealed a 25% decrease by AZT in GATA-1 mRNA steady-state levels at 24 h and this inhibitory effect was maintained until 72 h after drug addition. A similar decrease in NFE-2 mRNA steady-state levels was observed at 72 h after AZT treatment. This study suggests that AZT inhibition of erythroid differentiation is subsequent to a decrease of nuclear factors gene expression which affect their DNA binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for AIDS Research and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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