The relationship of general, physical, and psychological violence with depressive symptoms and cognition in elders (cross-sectional study)

OBJECTIVES

to analyze the relationship of general, physical, and psychological violence with depressive symptoms and cognition in the elderly.

METHODS

quantitative, cross-sectional study, carried out with 323 elders from the Brazilian northeast. Data collection used a sociodemographic instrument; the Conflict Tactics Scales Form R; the Geriatric Depression Scale; and the Mini-Mental State Examination. The analysis employed descriptive and inferential statistics.

RESULTS

as violence increases, so do the depressive symptoms; the opposite was true when comparing violence with cognitive involvement. There is a correlation between physical and psychological violence and depressive symptoms; more depressive elders are from 1.96 to 3.00 times more likely to be the victims of psychological and physical violence, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

general, physical, and psychological violence is associated with depressive symptoms; those with less cognitive alterations are more vulnerable to abuse. Elders with depressive symptoms are more likely to suffer psychological and physically violence.

A231 THE FLAVANOID CYANIDIN REDUCES INTESTINAL INFLAMMATORY DAMAGE BY MAINTAINING INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY

Background

Since the discovery and the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI), the incidence of gastric ulcers has reduced, however, there has been an increase in intestinal lesions since PPIs do not guarantee protection to the intestine. To protect the deeper layers of the intestinal wall, the intestinal barrier tightly regulates the passage of pro-inflammatory molecules, microorganisms, toxins, and antigens. The epithelium is damaged during intestinal inflammation due to the action of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF resulting in ulceration. Cyanidin is a flavonoid of the anthocyanin class, found in several red fruits, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Purpose

We hypothesized that the administration of cyanidin can decrease the deleterious effects caused by polypharmacy (PPI + NSAID) in the small intestine by reducing intestinal permeability.

Method

In vivo: Male mice (8 weeks old) were treated to induce intestinal ulcers caused by polypharmacy (combination of PPI - lansoprazole 20 mg/kg daily, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) - acetylsalicylic acid 10 mg/kg daily and COX-2 selective NSAID, celecoxib 20 mg/kg daily). On the ninth day, oral treatment with cyanidin (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was started until the fourteenth day, then the animals were killed for parameter analysis lesion. ELISA was performed to quantify interleukins (IL-10, IL-6, IL-1β) and cytokine (TNF), and we assessed the antioxidant profile (SOD, CAT, and GSH) and measured gene expression of TNF, IL-10, IL-6 TRL-4, HMOX-1, MMP 2 and 9, COX-1, MUC-3, ZO-1, CL-1. In vitro: Monolayers of colonic epithelial cell lines (Caco-2 at 21 days of confluence) were mounted in Ussing chambers to assess barrier function and to determine transepithelial resistance (TER). To analyze the permeability response to injury, we utilized TNF and IFN (25 ng/mL) with cyanidin (10 or 100 uM) for 48 h in transwell plates, with measurement of total intestinal permeability using 4 kD FITC-dextran.

Result(s)

Analysis of mouse intestine indicated that cyanidin (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced expression of IL-6 and TNF, TLR4, and HMOX-1 (p<0.05), and increased gene expression of MUC-3, CL-1, occludin, COX-1, and IL-10 (p<0.05) without altering antioxidant parameters. Cyanidin (100 mM) maintained barrier function as shown by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER), and also significantly reversed the detrimental effects of the inflammatory cytokine on FITC-dextran flux in Caco-2 cells (p<0.05). This may be related to the increased expression of occludin and ZO-1 in the intestinal epithelium of mice.

Conclusion(s)

These in vivo and in vitro results suggest that cyanidin decreases the polypharmacy-induced intestinal inflammatory response while maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. Other trials are underway to elucidate these mechanisms.

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Other

Please indicate your source of funding;

NSERC; FAPESP

Disclosure of Interest

None Declared

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE PACIENTES EM TRATAMENTO HEMODIALÍTICO E PÓS TRANSPLANTE RENAL

Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar a qualidade de vida de pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico e pós transplantados. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa transversal, descritiva e exploratória, realizada no município de Campina Grande-PB, Brasil, constituída por 103 pacientes. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos, um sociodemográfico que também avaliava as características gerais da doença, e um já validado avaliando a qualidade de vida. A análise foi descritiva (frequências relativas, absolutas, média, mediana, moda, desvio padrão máximo e mínimo) e inferencial (qui-quadrado de Fisher). Resultados: Os resultados indicam melhora do escore total de qualidade de vida dos pacientes transplantados em comparação aos pacientes em hemodiálise, esse quadro reflete-se em todas as facetas do instrumento, com exceção ao estado geral de saúde, qual a média dos pacientes em tratamento hemodialítico apresentou-se maior do que os pacientes transplantados. Conclusão: Confirma-se a hipótese do estudo na qual, o transplante renal melhora a qualidade de vida do paciente, quando comparado ao tratamento hemodialítico, minimizando os efeitos da doença e os custos com os cuidados.

Factors associated with depressive symptoms and cognition in elderly victims of violence

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify, among elderly people victims of violence, factors associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive function. Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 56 elderly people classified in situation of violence. To do so it was used the Brazil Old Age Shedule (BOAS), the Conflict Tactics Scales Form R, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Mini-mental State examination (MMSE). Results: Depressive symptoms were more predominant in elderly men, over 70 years old, without partner, illiterate, with no job, receiving up to 1 minimum wage and who lived alone; and the cognitive deficit prevailed in women, over 70 years old, without partner, illiterate, who did not work, receiving up to 1 minimum wage and who lived alone. Conclusion: Among the elderly population victim of violence, lack of a partner and cognitive impairment were associated to depressive symptoms; and finding themselves living alone, with no partner and being illiterate were associated to cognitive deficit.

Capacidade funcional e fatores associados em idosos residentes em comunidade

Resumo Objetivo Estimar o nível de capacidade funcional, as doenças autorreferidas e fatores associados entre idosos comunitários. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, realizado com 159 idosos. Foram utilizados o questionário Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS), a escala de Lawton e Brody, o índice de Katz e um questionário de doença autorreferida. Resultados Na amostra de 159 participantes, 85 idosos tinham entre 60 e 70 anos, eram do sexo feminino, viúvos, divorciados ou nunca casados, sabiam ler e escrever, não trabalhavam e recebiam salário mínimo. Para as atividades básicas da vida diária, ter diabetes foi o fator mais importante, com 7.30 vezes a probabilidade de ser dependente. Para atividades instrumentais e avançadas da vida diária, não ser alfabetizado e sofrer acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), respectivamente, foram os fatores mais importantes. Conclusão A capacidade funcional foi associada à osteoporose e AVC, e teve correlação com doenças autorreferidas.