1
|
Lal AP, Dimmick S, Roche O, Wang W, Sheth S, Chakrabarti R, Del Porto LA, Fok A, Shuey N, Fraser C, White O, Van der Walt A. Developing a Quality Assurance Framework for Neuro-Ophthalmology Using a Multisite Data Registry. J Neuroophthalmol 2024; 44:267-272. [PMID: 37471150 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality assurance (QA) in neuro-ophthalmology (NOPH) is often lacking. We aimed to assess the quality of referral assessment and time to consult for common neuro-ophthalmological conditions by implementing a quality-assurance registry, NODE (Neuro-ophthalmology Database), in a tertiary neuro-ophthalmology clinic. Australian standardized triage categories, namely, P1 (consult ≤30 days), P2 (consult ≤30-60 days), and P3 (consult ≤60-90 days), were developed and validated for neuro-ophthalmological conditions. METHODS We collected data from NODE on 676 patients at the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne and developed a consensus on the assignation of NOPH conditions to triage categories using a modified Delphi approach. A panel of 7 experienced neuro-ophthalmologists scored conditions and assignation to triage categories. Consensus was considered when ≥75% of the panel strongly agreed or agreed. We analyzed the mean days from referral to triage and from triage to the initial consultation and compared that with the developed triage category standard. RESULTS Most patients presenting to the service were female (64%). Common diagnoses were idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) (19%), optic neuropathy (ON) (14%), nonspecific headaches (11%), cranial nerve defects (CND) (8%), and papilledema (7%). Consensus on triage category assignment was reached after 2 rounds of scoring from expert panel members. The mean time from referral to triage was performed in <5 days for all the common diagnosis at the NOPH clinic. The mean days (±SD) from P1 category triage to initial consult for IIH was 15 (±12) days, acute ON 16 (±14) days, CND was 20 (±15) days, and papilledema was 20 (±19) days. The mean days from P2 triage to initial consultant for nonspecific headaches was 22 (±20) days and for EOMD was 48 (±22) days. The mean time (days) from P3 triage to initial consultant for nonocular myasthenia gravis was 38 days (±29) days and for visual snow was 54 (±31) days. CONCLUSIONS We have established a consensus agreement on triage categories for neuro-ophthalmological conditions, which can be further validated using a larger panel of experts. We established a NOPH registry that will serve as a framework to benchmark quality of care between NOPH services. Data from our NOPH registry demonstrated that most conditions are appropriately triaged and seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoushka P Lal
- Department of Neuroscience (APL, OR, AVdW), Central Clinical School, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Neuro-Ophthalmology Service (SD, OR, WW, OW, AVdW), Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Save Sight Institute (CF), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; and Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology (SS, RC, LAdP, AF, NS), Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
El-Masri S, Wilson M, Goh J, Sanfilippo P, Fok A, Hardy T, Chakrabarti R, Van Der Walt A. A 20-year multicentre retrospective review of optic nerve sheath fenestration outcomes. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2023; 16:17562864231197994. [PMID: 37719666 PMCID: PMC10501074 DOI: 10.1177/17562864231197994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) longitudinal outcomes remain unclear and are vital in the assessment of vision failure in patients with raised intracranial pressure (ICP). Furthermore, limited observational data exists regarding its use in other causes of raised ICP. Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of ONSF for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), and other indications. Method Multicentre study from a tertiary hospital and specialty eye referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia, from July 2000 to December 2020. A total of 116 eyes from 70 patients undergoing ONSF were retrospectively reviewed with patient demographics, surgery indications, visual acuity (VA), visual fields, fundus photos of optic discs, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, average thickness of optic discs on optical coherence tomography (OCT), and complications recorded. Parametric tests were used to compare the treatment groups pre- and post-operatively. Results A total of 116 eyes from 70 patients underwent ONSF, which involved 92 eyes with IIH, 9 eyes with CVST, and 15 eyes with other aetiologies ('Other'). Post ONSF, there was a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement or stabilisation in 84% of patients in all groups, with 50% achieving a BCVA of 6/6 or better at the final follow-up. RNFL, visual fields, and fundus grades all trended towards improvement, with most improvement noted by day 360. Common complications included transient diplopia (n = 29, 25%) and worsening of visual function requiring further cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion procedures (n = 20, 17%). Complications were most significant in the 'Other' group with 1/3 of eyes requiring further CSF diversion procedures. Conclusion Our data demonstrates effectiveness in the use of ONSF in papilloedema with visual failure due to IIH or CVST and when other CSF diversion procedures or medical therapies have failed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaddy El-Masri
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Hospital City Campus, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Matthew Wilson
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan Goh
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Sanfilippo
- Neuroscience Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Fok
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Hardy
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Anneke Van Der Walt
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Neuroscience Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo B, Chakrabarti R. Causation or Association: Important Considerations for mRNA Vaccines in Patients With Ophthalmic Disease: The COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2023; 12:415-416. [PMID: 37523434 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ashraf G, Arslan J, Crock C, Chakrabarti R. Sports-related ocular injuries at a tertiary eye hospital in Australia: A 5-year retrospective descriptive study. Emerg Med Australas 2022; 34:794-800. [PMID: 35437946 PMCID: PMC9790689 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the demographics and outcomes of sports-related ocular injuries in an Australian tertiary eye hospital setting. METHODS Retrospective descriptive study from the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital from 2015 to 2020. Patient demographics, diagnosis and injury causation were recorded from baseline and follow-up. Outcomes included visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular injury diagnosis, investigations and management performed. RESULTS A total of 1793 individuals (mean age 28.67 ± 15.65 years; 80.42% males and 19.58% females) presented with sports-related ocular trauma. The top three injury-causing sports were soccer (n = 327, 18.24%), Australian rules football (AFL) (n = 306, 17.07%) and basketball (n = 215, 11.99%). The top injury mechanisms were projectile (n = 976, 54.43%) and incidental body contact (n = 506, 28.22%). The most frequent diagnosis was traumatic hyphaema (n = 725). Best documented VA was ≥6/12 at baseline in 84.8% and at follow-up in 95.0% of cases. The greatest risk of globe rupture/penetration was associated with martial arts (odds ratio [OR] 16.22); orbital blow-out fracture with skiing (OR 14.42); and hyphaema with squash (OR 4.18): P < 0.05 for all. Topical steroids were the most common treatment (n = 693, 38.7%). Computed tomography orbits/facial bones were the most common investigation (n = 184, 10.3%). The mean IOP was 16.1 mmHg; 103 (5.7%) cases required topical anti-ocular hypertensives. Twenty-six individuals (1.45%) required surgery with AFL contributing the most surgical cases (n = 5, 19.23%). CONCLUSION The top three ocular injury causing sports were soccer, AFL and basketball. The most frequent injury was traumatic hyphaema. Projectiles posed the greatest risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Ashraf
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaThe Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology)The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Janan Arslan
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaThe Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology)The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Carmel Crock
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology)The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Centre for Eye Research AustraliaThe Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology)The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Neuro‐OphthalmologyThe Alfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chakrabarti R, Duddu S, Shukla P. Dual role played by NKT cells in the development of atherosclerosis: Evidence from meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies. Atherosclerosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
6
|
Yan W, McGuinness M, Chakrabarti R, Fotis K, Finger RP. Comparison of Photographic Screening Methods for Diabetic Retinopathy – A Meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2022; 30:221-229. [PMID: 35599625 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2022.2065311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in both developed and developing countries. Although the merits of DR screening are well recognized, significant variations in screening practices including imaging modality still exists. PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of mydriatic and non-mydriatic photographic screening methods using 7-Field fundus photography or dilated fundus examination (DFE) by an ophthalmologist as reference standard. METHODS A systematic review using PRISMA Guidelines was conducted by online search of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and other repositories of all available studies from 1990 until 2019. A total of 62 studies were included in the meta-analysis from a total of 406 suitable abstracts screened and 95 articles reviewed in full. Data were collected using a standardized extraction form independently, with all authors masked to others' search results. RESULTS For the detection of any DR (ADR), sensitivity ranged from 81% with single field to a maximum of 99% for 4-7 fields and wide-angle images. For detection of referable DR (RDR) sensitivity ranged from 76% for single field to 93% for wide-angle photography. Specificity was lowest at 91% for wide-angle images and greatest at 99% for three field photography. Study heterogeneity was noted to be significant, which was partly attributed to the range of DR classification between studies. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity and specificity of DR screening are positively associated with number of photographic fields. Pooled estimates suggest non-mydriatic two-field photography may be sufficient for screening detection of ADR and RDR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Myra McGuinness
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital
| | - Kathy Fotis
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ashraf G, Chakrabarti R. Paediatric photophobia: The pressure of a timely diagnosis. Aust J Gen Pract 2021; 50:741-743. [PMID: 34590092 DOI: 10.31128/ajgp-09-20-5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- MBBS (Hons), BMedSc (Hons), DPhil, MSurgEd, FRANZCO, Director of Hospital Medical Officer Training, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Vic; Lecturer, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Vic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chakrabarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne; Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis J Stevenson
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Carden
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne; Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chakrabarti R, Holloway D, Bruce D, Rymer J. The management of menopausal symptoms in women following treatment for cancer at a specialist menopause service. Post Reprod Health 2021; 27:137-144. [PMID: 33823682 DOI: 10.1177/20533691211000548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify prescribing patterns at a specialist menopause service in a central London teaching hospital for women following treatment for a malignancy. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cohort study with data collected over a seven-month period from December 2019 to June 2020. All women reviewed at the specialist menopause services following treatment of a malignancy, BRCA carriers and Lynch syndrome were included in the study, with management options divided into three categories: hormonal, non-hormonal and no treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome of this study was to identify prescribing patterns for all women reviewed following a diagnosis of a malignancy, as well as those with genetic mutations necessitating risk-reducing prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy (BSO). RESULTS Altogether 71 women were included in this study, with the majority of women post management of a non-gynaecological malignancy (51/71, 72%), of which breast cancer was the most common (37/71, 52%). While non-hormonal treatment was the most popular among those treated for breast cancer, for all other malignancies, hormonal treatment was more widespread. Fourteen women also had genetic mutations, with all of these women commencing hormonal treatment post risk reducing surgery. CONCLUSION With the exception of those with a history of hormone-sensitive breast cancer, the use of hormonal treatment for menopausal symptoms remained widespread. While this was a relatively small study, the need for long-term follow-up across specialist menopause services, to assess the risk of recurrence is vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D Bruce
- King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Rymer
- King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rothschild PS, Chakrabarti R. Does Video Gaming Improve Ophthalmological Surgical Proficiency? Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:476. [PMID: 32889818 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chakrabarti R, George G, Wells K, Crock C, Fahy E. Characteristics, treatment and complications of herpes zoster ophthalmicus at a tertiary eye hospital. Med J Aust 2020; 213:226-227. [PMID: 32200560 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Grace George
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
- Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kristen Wells
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Carmel Crock
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Eamonn Fahy
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carden SM, Chakrabarti R, Jao K, Campbell TG. Cystoid macular oedema in a pre-term infant associated with loss and recovery of vision. Clin Exp Optom 2020; 104:247-249. [PMID: 32621395 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Carden
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathy Jao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas G Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
An 87-year-old male presented with jaundice and haematemesis on a background of recent lethargy and a history of excessive alcohol use. The results of a computed tomography (CT) scan indicated either a cirrhotic liver with regenerative nodules or diffuse malignancy. A gastroscopy revealed an ulcerating gastric tumour. The gastric biopsy confirmed the neoplasm as metastatic malignant melanoma, and the patient passed away on the day of diagnosis from acute hepatic failure. This case is unusual as there was an atypical cause of jaundice and haematemesis, and the diagnosis of melanoma was not established until the day of the patient’s death.
Collapse
|
14
|
Goswami RK, Shrivastav AK, Sharma JG, Tocher DR, Chakrabarti R. Growth and digestive enzyme activities of rohu labeo rohita fed diets containing macrophytes and almond oil-cake. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020; 263:114456. [PMID: 32421037 PMCID: PMC7212790 DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rohu were fed with almond oil-cake/ duckweed/ water fern and fishmeal blend diets. Highest growth was found in duckweed-based diet fed rohu. Duckweed is a rich source of amino acids for rohu. Feed composition influenced amylase, protease and lipase activities. Duckweed helped to replace 300 g/kg dietary fishmeal without affecting growth.
The impact of plant-based diets on the digestive physiology of rohu Labeo rohita fingerlings (10.66 ± 0.53 g) was evaluated. A diet with all protein supplied by fishmeal was included as a control (F). Four test diets containing 300 g/kg protein were formulated using the following plant ingredients and fishmeal in a 1:1 blend: almond oil-cake Terminalia catappa (FTC), duckweed Lemna minor (FLM), water fern Salvania molesta (FSM) and combination of these three ingredients (FTCLMSM). The final body weight and specific growth rate were significantly higher in rohu fed diet FLM compared to the other treatments. Significantly lower feed conversion ratio in rohu fed diet FLM showed that diet was utilized efficiently in this feeding regime compared to the other diets. The composition of diets also influenced the digestive enzyme activities of the fish. Thus, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were significantly higher in rohu fed diet FLM compared to the rohu fed the other diets. Protease activity was significantly higher in rohu fed diets FTC and F and lipase activity was significantly higher in rohu fed diet FTC compared to the rohu fed the other diets. The inclusion of raw duckweed in feed replaced 300 g/kg of dietary fishmeal without affecting growth.
Collapse
Key Words
- ANOVA, Analysis of Variance
- AOAC, Association of Official Analytic Chemists
- APHA, American Public Health Association
- Amylase
- BBSRC, Biotechnology and Biological Science Research Council
- Chymotrypsin
- DBT, Department of Biotechnology
- DF, Dry fish
- DH, Degree of hydrolysis
- Duckweed
- F, Fishmeal
- FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization
- FBW, Final body weight
- FCR, Feed conversion ratio
- FI, Feed Intake
- FLM, Fishmeal with Lemna minor
- FSM, Fishmeal with Salvinia molesta
- FTC, Fishmeal with Terminalia catappa
- FTCLMSM, Fishmeal with Terminalia catappa Lemna minor, Salvinia molesta
- Growth
- IAEC, Institutional Animal Ethics Committee
- IBW, Initial body weight
- LM, Lemna minor
- Labeo rohita
- SGR, Specific growth rate
- SM, Salvinia molesta
- TC, Terminalia catappa
- TCLMSM, Terminalia catappa Lemna minor, Salvinia molesta
- Trypsin
- WG, Weight gain
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R K Goswami
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| | - A K Shrivastav
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - J G Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - D R Tocher
- Institute of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - R Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chakrabarti R, Campbell TG, Carden SM. Chorioretinal colobomas in neonatal intensive care using ocular coherence tomography. Clin Exp Optom 2020; 104:119-121. [PMID: 32307735 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chakrabarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas G Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan M Carden
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital , Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Thomas C, Karagounis I, Srivastava RK, Kumar S, Karar J, Chao HH, Kazimierczak A, Bado I, Nikolos F, Leli N, Koumenis C, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT, Chakrabarti R, Maity A. Abstract P5-05-10: Estrogen receptor β suppresses metastasis of inflammatory breast cancer by regulating cell cytoskeleton and cytokine signaling. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p5-05-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of breast cancer that accounts for about 10% of breast cancer mortality annually in US. Poor prognosis is largely due to the high propensity of IBC tumors to develop distant metastasis that occurs directly from the gland epithelium and through lymphatic invasion in which dermal lymphatics are filled with tumor emboli. Owing to the complex metastatic process, the molecular basis of IBC aggressiveness is poorly understood, and no specific therapeutic target has been identified. Despite the lack of estrogen receptor α (ERα) in the majority of IBC tumors, estrogen may still play a role in these cancers through pathways that involve ERβ. Our tissue staining reveals expression of ERβ in more than 50% of IBCs that is reproduced in IBC cell lines. Furthermore, analysis of IBC datasets indicates correlation of receptor expression with good prognosis. We studied this association in preclinical models of IBC by knocking out ERβ in IBC cells. This promotes migration and invasion through cytoskeleton remodeling whereas re-expression of the receptor in knockout cells restores the cytoskeletal structure and migration to the levels of control cells. Consistent with increased migration, deletion of ERβ activates large gene networks of cell de-differentiation and cytokine synthesis that trigger tumor microenvironment responses to promote the motile phenotype of IBC cells. In contrast, ligands that activate the receptor inhibit signaling that contributes to metastasis in IBC. Analysis of an orthotopic xenograft model shows that IBC tumors lacking ERβ have higher propensity for metastasis compared with the ERβ-proficient tumors supporting the anti-metastatic activity of the receptor. Our findings point towards a role of ERβ in preventing distant metastases by inhibiting dissemination of IBC cells and maintaining the integrity of emboli. This function combined with distinct expression indicates the potential of ERβ to represent a unique prognostic marker and therapeutic target that can be utilized to repress IBC metastasis and eliminate its associated mortality.
Citation Format: Thomas C, Karagounis I, Srivastava RK, Kumar S, Karar J, Chao H-H, Kazimierczak A, Bado I, Nikolos F, Leli N, Koumenis C, Krishnamurthy S, Ueno NT, Chakrabarti R, Maity A. Estrogen receptor β suppresses metastasis of inflammatory breast cancer by regulating cell cytoskeleton and cytokine signaling [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-05-10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Thomas
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - I Karagounis
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - RK Srivastava
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - S Kumar
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - J Karar
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - H-H Chao
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - A Kazimierczak
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - I Bado
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - F Nikolos
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - N Leli
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - C Koumenis
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - S Krishnamurthy
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - NT Ueno
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - R Chakrabarti
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - A Maity
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sen D, Chakrabarti R, Chatterjee S, Grewal DS, Manrai K. Artificial intelligence and the radiologist: the future in the Armed Forces Medical Services. BMJ Mil Health 2019; 166:254-256. [PMID: 30709922 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2018-001055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) involves computational networks (neural networks) that simulate human intelligence. The incorporation of AI in radiology will help in dealing with the tedious, repetitive, time-consuming job of detecting relevant findings in diagnostic imaging and segmenting the detected images into smaller data. It would also help in identifying details that are oblivious to the human eye. AI will have an immense impact in populations with deficiency of radiologists and in screening programmes. By correlating imaging data from millions of patients and their clinico-demographic-therapy-morbidity-mortality profiles, AI could lead to identification of new imaging biomarkers. This would change therapy and direct new research. However, issues of standardisation, transparency, ethics, regulations, training, accreditation and safety are the challenges ahead. The Armed Forces Medical Services has widely dispersed units, medical echelons and roles ranging from small field units to large static tertiary care centres. They can incorporate AI-enabled radiological services to subserve small remotely located hospitals and detachments without posted radiologists and ease the load of radiologists in larger hospitals. Early widespread incorporation of information technology and enabled services in our hospitals, adequate funding, regular upgradation of software and hardware, dedicated trained manpower to manage the information technology services and train staff, and cyber security are issues that need to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debraj Sen
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, India
| | - R Chakrabarti
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - S Chatterjee
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune, India
| | - D S Grewal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, India
| | - K Manrai
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Command Hospital (SC), Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chakrabarti R, Singh MK, Sharma JG, Mittal P. Dietary supplementation of vitamin C: an effective measure for protection against UV-B irradiation using fish as a model organism. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:224-231. [PMID: 30444520 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of UV-B protective mechanisms in aquacultural species is essential for the sustainable production of healthy aqua crop. Freshwater carp Catla catla larvae (13.5 ± 1.12 mg) were fed with a diet containing 0.5% vitamin C (D1) and a control diet (D2) for 40 days. Each group was exposed to two doses of UV-B irradiation: 360 (5 min, D15 min and D25 min) and 720 mJ cm-2 (10 min, D110 min and D210 min) for 15 days. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher survival and average weight were recorded in D1 compared to D2 exposed to the same dose. Also, significantly (p < 0.001) higher nitric oxide synthase and lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and heat shock protein 70 levels were recorded in D15 min compared to the other groups. A direct relationship was found between the dose of UV-B and DNA fragmentation in muscles. DNA damage indices such as tail DNA, tail extent moment and olive tail moment were significantly (p < 0.01) lower in D15 min. Thus, supplementation of vitamin C in the diet provides UV-B protection to larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - M K Singh
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India.
| | - J G Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - P Mittal
- Department of Mathematics, Satyawati College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110052, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
SummaryIt has been claimed that lysis time methods may be inappropriate as measures of fibrinolytic activity on the grounds that they are largely determined by plasma fibrinogen levels. The dilute blood clot lysis time (DBCLT) has therefore been measured in 103 subjects; fibrinolytic activity (expressed as 100/DBCLT) has been compared with the fibrin plate area (FPA) lysed by the euglobulin fraction, the latter method being, of course, virtually independent of plasma fibrinogen. Plasma fibrinogen levels have also been measured; they ranged from 167 to 416 mg%. Results have been analysed by the technique of multiple regression. The incorporation of plasma fibrinogen levels in the regression equation relating 100/DBCLT to FPA does not result in a significant increase in the proportion of the variance in 100/DBCLT that can be explained. It is concluded that there is no evidence that DBCLT is influenced by plasma fibrinogen levels within the physiological range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Chakrabarti
- The MRC/DHSS Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, England
| | - W R S North
- The MRC/DHSS Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, England
| | - T W Meade
- The MRC/DHSS Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex HA1 3UJ, England
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shah M, Ormsby GM, Noor A, Chakrabarti R, Mörchen M, Islam FMA, Harper CA, Keeffe JE. Roles of the eye care workforce for task sharing in management of diabetic retinopathy in Cambodia. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:101-107. [PMID: 29375999 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify the current roles of eye and health care workers in eye care delivery and investigate their potential roles in screening and detection for management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through task sharing. METHODS Purposive sampling of 24 participants including health administrators, members from non-government organizations and all available eye care workers in Takeo province were recruited. This cross sectional mixed method study comprised a survey and in-depth interviews. Data were collected from medical records at Caritas Takeo Eye Hospital (CTEH) and Kiri Vong District Referral Hospital Vision Centre, and a survey and interviews with participants were done to explore the potential roles for task sharing in DR management. Qualitative data were transcribed into a text program and then entered into N-Vivo (version 10) software for data management and analysis. RESULTS From 2009 to 2012, a total of 105 178 patients were examined and 14 030 eye surgeries were performed in CTEH by three ophthalmologists supported by ophthalmic nurses in operating and eye examination for patients. Between January 2011 and September 2012, 151 patients (72 males) with retinal pathology including 125 (83%) with DR visited CTEH. In addition 170 patients with diabetes were referred to CTEH for eye examinations from Mo Po Tsyo screening programs for people with diabetes. Factors favouring task sharing included high demand for eye care services and scarcity of ophthalmologists. CONCLUSION Task sharing and team work for eye care services is functional. Participants favor the potential role of ophthalmic nurses in screening for DR through task sharing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mufarriq Shah
- Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 302, Australia
| | - Gail M Ormsby
- Faculty of Education, Science and Business, Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, NSW 2265, Australia
| | - Ayesha Noor
- Vision and Dental Care Clinic, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 302, Australia
| | - Manfred Mörchen
- CARITAS Takeo Eye Hospital, Krong Doun Kaev 21151, Cambodia.,Regional office Asia South East CBM International Unit 604 Alabang Business Tower, 1216 Acacia Ave, Muntinlupa City 1799, Philippines
| | - Fakir M Amirul Islam
- Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - C Alex Harper
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 302, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shah M, Noor A, Ormsby GM, Chakrabarti R, Harper CA, Islam FA, Keeffe J. Attitudes and perceptions of eye care workers and health administrators regarding task sharing in screening and detection for management of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2017; 25:169-175. [PMID: 28976241 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2017.1381273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mufarriq Shah
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Optometry, Pakistan Institute of Community Ophthalmology (PICO), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Noor
- Vision and Dental Care Clinic, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Gail M Ormsby
- Department of Education, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, Australia
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Alex Harper
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fakir Amirul Islam
- Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- R Chakrabarti
- MRC-DHSS Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex
| | - M Brozovic
- MRC-DHSS Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex
| | - W R S North
- MRC-DHSS Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex
| | - Y Stirling
- MRC-DHSS Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex
| | - T W Meade
- MRC-DHSS Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
The modern concepts of fibrinolytic activation and inhibition are discussed in this paper and the importance of the complex interlinkage with the kallikrein-kinin, coagulation, complement and immunity mechanisms is underlined. The importance of the fibrinolytic balance as a protective mechanism in prevention of thrombus formation, in inflammation and in cancer is postulated and in population studies the normal decline with age is standardised. The possibilities for long term fibrinolytic enhancement by use of a variety of drugs, such as the biguanides and anabolic steroids has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Chakrabarti
- MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford Road, Harrow, Middlesex, England
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Islam FMA, Chakrabarti R, Islam MT, Wahab M, Lamoureux E, Finger RP, Shaw JE. Prediabetes, diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, their risk factors and association with knowledge of diabetes in rural Bangladesh: The Bangladesh Population-based Diabetes and Eye Study. J Diabetes 2016; 8:260-8. [PMID: 25851830 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of prediabetes and diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) in rural Bangladesh. METHODS Using a population-based cluster random sampling strategy, 3104 adults aged ≥30 years were recruited. Fasting capillary blood glucose, blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, and knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to diabetes were recorded. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose (FG) ≥7.0 mmol/L or a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes; impaired FG (IFG) was defined as FG ≥ 6.1 and <7.0 mmol/L. RESULTS The overall crude prevalence of DM was 7.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3%-8.1%; n = 222), of which 55% (n = 123) was previously undiagnosed (UDM). The prevalence of IFG was 5.3% (95% CI 4.5%-6.1%; n = 163). The age-standardized prevalence of DM and IFG was 6.6% and 5.0%, respectively. The prevalence of UDM was higher in people of lower socioeconomic status (59% vs. 31%; P < 0.001). Of those with known DM, 56% had poor glycemic control (FG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L) and 37% were not on medication. Overall knowledge of DM was poor; only 16.3%, 17.8%, and 13.4% of those with UDM, IFG, and normal FG knew that diabetes causes eye disease, compared with 55.6% of those with known DM (Ptrend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this rural Bangladeshi community, UDM was high. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with a higher risk of UDM. Overall knowledge of DM was poor. Public health programmes should target those of low socioeconomic status and aim to increase knowledge of DM in rural Bangladesh.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M Amirul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Bangladesh
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Bangladesh
| | - M Tauhidul Islam
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Wahab
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Bangladesh
| | - Ecosse Lamoureux
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Duke-National University of Singapore, Graduate Medical School
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Robert P Finger
- Center for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chakrabarti R, Finger RP, Lamoureux E, Islam MT, Dirani M, Bhuiyan A, Islam SZ, Wahab MA, Islam FMA. Rationale and methodology for a population-based study of diabetes and common eye diseases in a rural area in Bangladesh: Bangladesh Population based Diabetes and Eye Study (BPDES). Bangladesh J Med Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v14i4.25767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study were (i) to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) and impact of socioeconomic factors upon the prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes (ii) compute a diabetes risk score and (iii) estimate the undiagnosed prevalence of hypertension amongst a large adult population in rural Bangladesh. Methods/design: A sample of 3104 adults aged ?30 years were interviewed from a cluster sample of 18 villages in the Banshgram Union of the Narail District, Bangladesh. Each participant was interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire that assessed participant knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) regarding diabetes, its risk factors, complications and management. Data on demographic details, education, socioeconomic status, medical history, dietary and lifestyle behavior was obtained. Fasting capillary glucose, blood pressure, presenting vision and anthropometric parameters were measured. Participants were stratified into those without diabetes, pre-diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes (known and newly diagnosed). The association of KAP components and other risk factors with diabetes status was assessed. Logistic regression analysis allowed for the development of a non-invasive risk-stratification tool to be developed and implemented for the rural Bangladeshi community. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to report the associations of risk factors with the severity of hypertension. Results and discussion: In Banshgram, over 95% people had not undergone any previous diabetes screening. Baseline demographics estimated the prevalence of diabetes in the sample was 3.2% (n=99). 47% of participants had no formal education. Whilst there is literature on the prevalence of diabetes in urban and semi-urban Bangladesh there is a paucity of evidence examining the impact of KAP of diabetes amongst the general community. We believe that the BPDES has developed a methodology to provide new evidence to guide health policy and targeted population-based interventions in these rural areas.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(4) 2015 p.367-375
Collapse
|
26
|
Perera C, Chakrabarti R. Response to: 'Comment on The Eye Phone Study: reliability and accuracy of assessing Snellen visual acuity using smartphone technology'. Eye (Lond) 2015; 29:1628. [PMID: 26358234 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2015.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Perera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Chakrabarti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Islam FMA, Chakrabarti R, Islam SZ, Finger RP, Critchley C. Factors Associated with Awareness, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Common Eye Diseases in the General Population in a Rural District in Bangladesh: The Bangladesh Population-based Diabetes and Eye Study (BPDES). PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26200458 PMCID: PMC4511641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the awareness, attitudes, and practices associated with common eye diseases and eye care utilization in a rural district of Bangladesh. Methods Data were collected using a multilevel cluster random sampling technique from 3104 adults aged ≥30 years from the Banshgram union with a questionnaire assessing the awareness, attitudes and practice about diabetes and common eye diseases, educational attainment, socio-economic status, and medical history. Results Participants were aged between 30 and 89 years with a mean (SD) age of 51 (12) years and 65% were female. The majority of participants had heard of cataracts (90%), trachoma (86%) and Pterygium (84%), yet only 4% had heard of diabetic retinopathy (DR), 7% of glaucoma and 8% of Age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, 58% of participants did not know vision loss could be prevented. Factors associated with lower awareness regarding common eye diseases were increasing age, lack of formal schooling, and lower socio-economic status. A lower proportion (57%) of people with no schooling compared to those who had attained at least secondary school certificate education (72%) reported that they knew that vision loss could be prevented (p<0.001). Overall 51% of people had heard of at least six (67%) out of nine items relating to awareness of common eye diseases. This included 41% of participants aged 65 years or older compared to 61% of those aged 30–35 years (p<0.001). Only 4% had an eye check at least once a year and higher education and better SES were associated with higher frequency of eye checks. Conclusions In rural Bangladesh awareness of cataract, trachoma and pterygium was good but limited in relation to the potentially blinding conditions of glaucoma, DR, and AMD. The results show a large gap between public awareness and treatment practices about common eye diseases. Public health promotion should be designed to address these knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M. Amirul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
- Organisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Organisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Silvia Z. Islam
- Organisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert P. Finger
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christine Critchley
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Odontogenic orbital cellulitis, although uncommon, has the potential to cause severe vision loss if unsuspected and untreated. Compared to non-odontogenic bacteriology, odontogenic orbital abscesses typically feature a heavy mixed growth with anaerobic organisms. We review the literature and discuss the case of a 26-year-old male who presented with anaerobic orbital cellulitis for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Yan
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, Health Sciences, Monash University , Clayton , Australia and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increasing capabilities of camera-equipped mobile phones have led to a growing body of evidence regarding their use in medical imaging across a broad range of medical specialties. This article reviews the current evidence for the use of mobile health (m-health) in medical imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a structured review of the published literature regarding m-health in medical imaging using the Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science databases (January 2002-August 2013). The two authors independently extracted data regarding type of specialty, purpose, and study design of publications. RESULTS In total, 235 articles were identified. The majority of studies were case reports or noncomparative product validation studies. The greatest volume of publications originated in the fields of radiology (21%), dermatology (15%), laboratory techniques (15%), and plastic surgery (12%). Among these studies, m-health was used as diagnostic aids, for patient monitoring, and to improve communication between health practitioners. With the growing use of mobile phones for medical imaging, considerations need to be given to informed consent, privacy, image storage and transfer, and guidelines for healthcare workers and patients. CONCLUSIONS There are several novel uses of mobile devices for medical imaging that show promise across a variety of areas and subspecialties of healthcare. Currently, studies are mostly exploratory in nature. To validate these devices, studies with higher methodological rigor are required.
Collapse
|
30
|
Islam FMA, Chakrabarti R, Dirani M, Islam MT, Ormsby G, Wahab M, Critchley C, Finger RP. Knowledge, attitudes and practice of diabetes in rural Bangladesh: the Bangladesh Population based Diabetes and Eye Study (BPDES). PLoS One 2014; 9:e110368. [PMID: 25313643 PMCID: PMC4196995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) amongst the general community regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in rural Bangladesh. Methods Data was collected using cluster random sampling from 3104 adults residing in a rural district in Bangladesh. Participants underwent a KAP questionnaire survey regarding assessing diabetes, socio-demographic and medical history. Descriptive, Chi-square and regression analyses were performed. Results Participants were aged between 30 and 89 years (M = 51, SD = 11.8) and 65.5% were female. The prevalence of diabetes was found to be 8.3%. The majority (93%) reported to have heard of diabetes, yet only 4% knew what a glucose tolerance test was. Only 50% reported that they knew physical inactivity was a risk factor. Age, gender, level of education and socio-economic status (SES) were significantly associated with KAP. A lower proportion (41%) of older participants (aged ≥65 years) reported that they knew that dietary modifications assist in diabetes control compared to those aged less than 35 years (69%), p<0.001. Males (β = 0.393, 95% CI = 0.142–0.643), and any level of education compared to no schooling (β = 0.726, 95% CI = 0.596, 0.857) reported significantly more knowledge, after multivariate adjustments for covariates. Participants aged under 35 years, (odds ratio (OR) = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.22–2.43) had significantly higher positive attitudes towards treatments of diabetes compared to those aged ≥65 years. Of the 99 people with known diabetes, more than 50% (n = 52) never had their blood sugar levels checked since diagnosis. Conclusions Knowledge of diabetes and its risk factors is very limited in rural Bangladesh, even in persons diagnosed with type 2 DM. The development of public health programmes to increase knowledge of diabetes and its complications is required to assist people living in rural Bangladesh to control and management of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fakir M. Amirul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Organisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- * E-mail:
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Organisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mohamed Dirani
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. Tauhidul Islam
- Organisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- Department of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gail Ormsby
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohamed Wahab
- Organisation for Rural Community Development, Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
- Narail Diabetes Hospital and Narail Diabetes Shamity, Narail, Bangladesh
| | - Christine Critchley
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robert P. Finger
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cheng NM, Chakrabarti R, Kam JK. iPhone Applications for Eye Care Professionals: A Review of Current Capabilities and Concerns. Telemed J E Health 2014; 20:385-7. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2013.0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan K. Kam
- The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Chakrabarti R, Chatterjee T. The Need for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Low-Resource Settings. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2013; 2:206. [PMID: 26108115 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e3182938c5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chakrabarti
- Center for Eye Research Australia The University of Melbourne Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Victoria Australia Department of Internal Medicine Southern Medical University, Guangzhou Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Chakrabarti R, Chatterjee T. Tip of the Iceberg: The Need for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Developing Countries. Lessons From Vietnam. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2013; 2:76-8. [PMID: 26108042 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e3182897e70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes are emerging particularly in low-income countries. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication that threatens vision among people with diabetes. Research has demonstrated that blindness from diabetes is preventable with early diagnosis, optimization of risk factors, and timely photocoagulation. Experiences from neighboring Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam highlight the health system's challenges in managing DR in low-resourced countries. Insight can be gained from successful interventions in India and Latin America. A systematic approach to manage DR is required to achieve Vision2020 goals. This must identify people at risk and engage with key stakeholders at all levels of the health system to ensure that systems for treatment and follow-up are available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chakrabarti
- From the *Centre for Eye Research Australia, The University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia; and †Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Mahendra Perera C, Chakrabarti R. Letter by Chakrabarti and Pererato regarding article, "smartphone teleradiology application is successfully incorporated into a telestroke network environment". Stroke 2013; 44:e11. [PMID: 23299495 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.112.680207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
38
|
Chakrabarti R, Lukram IM. Influence of feeding regimes on the digestive enzyme profile and ultrastructure of digestive tract of Catla catla. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2013; 78:70-72. [PMID: 25141627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
|
39
|
Santra S, Parihari A, Singh NL, Nayak BK, Behera BR, Mahata K, Ramachandran K, Singh V, Pal A, Chakrabarti R, Appannababu S, Tripathi R, Sodaye S, Sugathan P, Jhingan A, Prasad E, Golda KS, Patel D, Kailas S. Fission fragment mass and angular distribution in 6,7Li+ 235,238U reactions. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20136302016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
40
|
Chakrabarti R, Srivastava PK. Effect of dietary supplementation with Achyranthes aspera seed on larval rohu Labeo rohita challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. J Aquat Anim Health 2012; 24:213-218. [PMID: 23025591 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2012.694834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Larval rohu Labeo rohita were fed four different diets: three of the diets contained Achyranthes aspera (prickly chaff-flower) seeds at 0.10% (D1), 0.25% (D2), or 0.50% (D3); the fourth diet was a control diet (D4; no A. aspera supplementation). After 70 d, the rohu were injected intraperitoneally with live Aeromonas hydrophila. Mortality of fish was recorded for 7 d. In the D4 group, the first mortality was observed within 12 h of exposure, whereas in the D1-D3 treatment groups, mortality was first observed at 24 h postexposure. In the D4 group, 50% of fish died within 72 h of exposure, whereas in the D3 group, 10-15% mortality occurred between 72 and 84 h. The cumulative mortality rate was 50% for D4, 40% for D1, 35% for D2, and 15% for D3. Total tissue protein level in the larvae was higher for the D2 and D3 groups than for the other groups. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance levels were significantly lower in D3 larvae than in the other groups, whereas lysozyme and nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly higher in D3 larvae compared with the other groups. Dietary supplementation with A. aspera seeds at the 0.50% level provided protection against oxidative stress, prevented tissue damage, and enhanced disease resistance in rohu larvae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Chakrabarti
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Affiliation(s)
- R Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Abstract
The clinical significance of disturbed mitochondrial function in the eye has emerged since mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation was described in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. The spectrum of mitochondrial dysfunction has become apparent through increased understanding of the contribution of nuclear and somatic mtDNA mutations to mitochondrial dynamics and function. Common ophthalmic manifestations of mitochondrial dysfunction include optic atrophy, pigmentary retinopathy, and ophthalmoplegia. The majority of patients with ocular manifestations of mitochondrial disease also have variable central and peripheral nervous system involvement. Mitochondrial dysfunction has recently been associated with age-related retinal disease including macular degeneration and glaucoma. Therefore, therapeutic targets directed at promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and function offer a potential to both preserve retinal function and attenuate neurodegenerative processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J Van Bergen
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rahul Chakrabarti
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelyn C O’Neill
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan G Crowston
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian A Trounce
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Klaffenbach D, Chakrabarti R, Topf HG, Rascher W, Schroth M. Safety issue of hydroxyethyl starch on neonatal renal function. Klin Padiatr 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
47
|
Chakrabarti R, Walker JM, Chapman EG, Shepardson SP, Trdan RJ, Curole JP, Watters GT, Stewart DT, Vijayaraghavan S, Hoeh WR. Reproductive function for a C-terminus extended, male-transmitted cytochrome c oxidase subunit II protein expressed in both spermatozoa and eggs. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:5213-9. [PMID: 17950289 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study documented expression of a male-transmitted cytochrome c oxidase subunit II protein (MCOX2), with a C-terminus extension (MCOX2e), in unionoidean bivalve testes and sperm mitochondria. Here, we present evidence demonstrating that MCOX2 is seasonally expressed in testis, with a peak shortly before fertilization that is independent of sperm density. MCOX2 is localized to the inner and outer sperm mitochondrial membranes and the MCOX2 antibody's epitope is conserved across >65 million years of evolution. We also demonstrate the presence of male-transmitted mtDNA and season-specific MCOX2 spatial variation in ovaries. We hypothesize that MCOX2 plays a role in reproduction through gamete maturation, fertilization and/or embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Chakrabarti
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Affiliation(s)
- S Bagtharia
- Basildon University Hospital, 39 Brentwood Place, Brentwood, Essex, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sreenivas K, Amarnath PVS, Mallik A, Sarnaik H, Kumar NS, Takhi M, Trehan S, Kumar MS, Iqbal J, Rajagopalan R, Chakrabarti R. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial evaluation of DRF 8417, a new oxazolidinone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60:159-61. [PMID: 17449889 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkm116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND METHODS DRF 8417, a novel oxazolidinone, has been evaluated against Gram-positive and fastidious Gram-negative bacteria. In vitro activity of DRF 8417 was determined by broth microdilution method and in vivo efficacy studies were carried out in different murine systemic infection models. RESULTS DRF 8417 exhibited potent activity against Gram-positive pathogens with MIC(50) and MIC(90) values ranging from 0.06 to 1 mg/L. MICs against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis were one to two dilutions lower than those of linezolid. The in vivo efficacy, by oral route, in different susceptible and resistant Gram-positive systemic bacterial infection models ranged from 2.0 to 2.9 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS These studies displayed the excellent in vitro and in vivo activity of DRF 8417 against Gram-positive pathogens and lower MICs when compared with linezolid against H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Sreenivas
- Anti-infective Group, Discovery Research, Dr Reddy's Laboratories Ltd, Miyapur, Hyderabad 500 049, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Chakrabarti R, Walker JM, Stewart DT, Trdan RJ, Vijayaraghavan S, Curole JP, Hoeh WR. Presence of a unique male-specific extension of C-terminus to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II protein coded by the male-transmitted mitochondrial genome of Venustaconcha ellipsiformis (Bivalvia: Unionoidea). FEBS Lett 2006; 580:862-6. [PMID: 16414043 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of unionoidean bivalve male-transmitted (M) mtDNA genomes revealed an approximately 555 bp 3' coding extension to cox2. An antibody was generated against this predicted C-terminus extension to determine if the unique cox2 protein is expressed. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses demonstrated that the protein was predominantly expressed in testes. Weak expression was detected in other male tissues but the protein was not detected in female tissues. This is the first report documenting the expression of a cox2 protein with a long C-terminus in animals. Its universal presence in unionoidean bivalve testes suggests a functional significance for the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Chakrabarti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Cunningham Hall, Summit Street, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|