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Shewade HD, Frederick A, Kalyanasundaram M, Chadwick J, Kiruthika G, Rajasekar TD, Gayathri K, Vijayaprabha R, Sabarinathan R, Shivakumar SVBY, Jeyashree K, Bhavani PK, Aarthi S, Suma KV, Pathinathan DP, Parthasarathy R, Nivetha MB, Thampi JG, Chidambaram D, Bhatnagar T, Lokesh S, Devika S, Laux TS, Viswanathan S, Sridhar R, Krishnamoorthy K, Sakthivel M, Karunakaran S, Rajkumar S, Ramachandran M, Kanagaraj KD, Kaleeswari M, Durai VP, Saravanan R, Sugantha A, Khan SZHM, Sangeetha P, Vasudevan R, Nedunchezhian R, Sankari M, Jeevanandam N, Ganapathy S, Rajasekaran V, Mathavi T, Rajaprakash AR, Murali L, Pugal U, Sundaralingam K, Savithri S, Vellasamy S, Dheenadayal D, Ashok P, Jayasree K, Sudhakar R, Rajan KP, Tharageshwari N, Chokkalingam D, Anandrajkumar SM, Selvavinayagam TS, Padmapriyadarsini C, Ramachandran R, Murhekar MV. --Eleven tips for operational researchers working with health programmes: our experience based on implementing differentiated tuberculosis care in south India. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2161231. [PMID: 36621943 PMCID: PMC9833404 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2022.2161231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the workload and lack of a critical mass of trained operational researchers within their ranks, health systems and programmes may not be able to dedicate sufficient time to conducting operational research (OR). Hence, they may need the technical support of operational researchers from research/academic organisations. Additionally, there is a knowledge gap regarding implementing differentiated tuberculosis (TB) care in programme settings. In this 'how we did it' paper, we share our experience of implementing a differentiated TB care model along with an inbuilt OR component in Tamil Nadu, a southern state in India. This was a health system initiative through a collaboration of the State TB cell with the Indian Council of Medical Research institutes and the World Health Organisation country office in India. The learnings are in the form of eleven tips: four broad principles (OR on priority areas and make it a health system initiative, implement simple and holistic ideas, embed OR within routine programme settings, aim for long-term engagement), four related to strategic planning (big team of investigators, joint leadership, decentralised decision-making, working in advance) and three about implementation planning (conducting pilots, smart use of e-tools and operational research publications at frequent intervals). These may act as a guide for other Indian states, high TB burden countries that want to implement differentiated care, and for operational researchers in providing technical assistance for strengthening implementation and conducting OR in health systems and programmes (TB or other health programmes). Following these tips may increase the chances of i) an enriching engagement, ii) policy/practice change, and iii) sustainable implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Deepak Shewade
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India,CONTACT Hemant Deepak Shewade ; Department of Health Research, Government of India, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, R-127, Second Main Road, TNHB, Ayapakkam, Chennai600077, India
| | | | | | | | - G. Kiruthika
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - K. Gayathri
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | - P. K. Bhavani
- ICMR – National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S. Aarthi
- State TB Cell, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. V. Suma
- The WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - S. Lokesh
- ICMR – National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Stalin Viswanathan
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram, India
| | - K. Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M. Sakthivel
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Karunakaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Rajkumar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Ramachandran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. D. Kanagaraj
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Kaleeswari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. P. Durai
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Saravanan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. Sugantha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - P. Sangeetha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vasudevan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Nedunchezhian
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Sankari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - N. Jeevanandam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Ganapathy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. Rajasekaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - T. Mathavi
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. R. Rajaprakash
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Murali
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - U. Pugal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Sundaralingam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Savithri
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Vellasamy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - D. Dheenadayal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - P. Ashok
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Jayasree
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sudhakar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. P. Rajan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - T. S. Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
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Shewade HD, Frederick A, Kiruthika G, Kalyanasundaram M, Chadwick J, Rajasekar TD, Gayathri K, Vijayaprabha R, Sabarinathan R, Kathiresan J, Bhavani P, Aarthi S, Suma K, Pathinathan DP, Parthasarathy R, Nivetha MB, Thampi JG, Chidambaram D, Bhatnagar T, Lokesh S, Devika S, Laux TS, Viswanathan S, Sridhar R, Krishnamoorthy K, Sakthivel M, Karunakaran S, Rajkumar S, Ramachandran M, Kanagaraj K, Kaleeswari M, Durai V, Saravanan R, Sugantha A, Khan SZHM, Sangeetha P, Vasudevan R, Nedunchezhian R, Sankari M, Jeevanandam N, Ganapathy S, Rajasekaran V, Mathavi T, Rajaprakash A, Murali L, Pugal U, Sundaralingam K, Savithri S, Vellasamy S, Dheenadayal D, Ashok P, Jayasree K, Sudhakar R, Rajan K, Tharageshwari N, Chokkalingam D, Anandrajkumar S, Selvavinayagam T, Padmapriyadarshini C, Ramachandran R, Murhekar MV. The First Differentiated TB Care Model From India: Delays and Predictors of Losses in the Care Cascade. Glob Health Sci Pract 2023; 11:e2200505. [PMID: 37116929 PMCID: PMC10141439 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-22-00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
To reduce TB deaths in resource-limited settings, a differentiated care strategy can be used to triage patients with high risk of severe illness (i.e., those with very severe undernutrition, respiratory insufficiency, or inability to stand without support) at diagnosis and refer them for comprehensive assessment and inpatient care. Globally, there are few examples of implementing this type of strategy in routine program settings. Beginning in April 2022, the Indian state of Tamil Nadu implemented a differentiated care strategy called Tamil Nadu-Kasanoi Erappila Thittam (TN-KET) for all adults aged 15 years and older with drug-susceptible TB notified by public facilities. Before evaluating the impact on TB deaths, we sought to understand the retention and delays in the care cascade as well as predictors of losses. During April-June 2022, 14,961 TB patients were notified and 11,599 (78%) were triaged. Of those triaged, 1,509 (13%) were at high risk of severe illness; of these, 1,128 (75%) were comprehensively assessed at a nodal inpatient care facility. Of 993 confirmed as severely ill, 909 (92%) were admitted, with 8% unfavorable admission outcomes (4% deaths). Median admission duration was 4 days. From diagnosis, the median delay in triaging and admission of severely ill patients was 1 day each. Likelihood of triaging decreased for people with extrapulmonary TB, those diagnosed in high-notification districts or teaching hospitals, and those transferred out of district. Predictors of not being comprehensively assessed included: aged 25-34 years, able to stand without support, and diagnosis at a primary or secondary-level facility. Inability to stand without support was a predictor of unfavorable admission outcomes. To conclude, the first quarter of implementation suggests that TN-KET was feasible to implement but could be improved by addressing predictors of losses in the care cascade and increasing admission duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Deepak Shewade
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - G. Kiruthika
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Joshua Chadwick
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - T. Daniel Rajasekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - K. Gayathri
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vijayaprabha
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sabarinathan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - Jeyashree Kathiresan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - P.K. Bhavani
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S. Aarthi
- State TB Cell, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.V. Suma
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | - Jerome G. Thampi
- World Health Organization Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Tarun Bhatnagar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | - S. Lokesh
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Stalin Viswanathan
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram, India
| | | | - M. Sakthivel
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Karunakaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Rajkumar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Ramachandran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.D. Kanagaraj
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Kaleeswari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V.P. Durai
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Saravanan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A. Sugantha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - P. Sangeetha
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Vasudevan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Nedunchezhian
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - M. Sankari
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - N. Jeevanandam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Ganapathy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - V. Rajasekaran
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - T. Mathavi
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - A.R. Rajaprakash
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - Lakshmi Murali
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - U. Pugal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Sundaralingam
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Savithri
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - S. Vellasamy
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - D. Dheenadayal
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - P. Ashok
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K. Jayasree
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - R. Sudhakar
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - K.P. Rajan
- Directorate of Medical and Rural Health Services, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | | | - D. Chokkalingam
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
| | | | - T.S. Selvavinayagam
- Directorate of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai, India
| | - C. Padmapriyadarshini
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Manoj V. Murhekar
- Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India
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Sachdeva KS, Bhatnagar AK, Bhaskar A, Singla N, Sridhar R, Ramraj B, Athawale A, Solanki R, Baruah SR, Patel Y, Ramachandran R, Padmapriyadarsini C. QTc prolongation with bedaquiline treatment for drug-resistant pulmonary TB in a programmatic setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:329-331. [PMID: 37035973 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K S Sachdeva
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India, The Union South East Asia, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Bhatnagar
- Rajan Babu Institute of Pulmonary Medicine and Tuberculosis, New Delhi, India
| | - A Bhaskar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - N Singla
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - R Sridhar
- Government Hospital of Thoracic Medicine, Chennai, India
| | - B Ramraj
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A Athawale
- Seth GS Medical College & KEM Hospital and Group of TB Hospitals, Mumbai, India
| | - R Solanki
- BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Y Patel
- Central TB Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India, WHO Country Office for India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - C Padmapriyadarsini
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Parthiban A, Sachithanandam V, Lalitha P, Muthukumaran J, Misra R, Jain M, Sridhar R, Mageswaran T, Purvaja R, Ramesh R. Isolation, characterisation, anticancer and anti-oxidant activities of 2-methoxy mucic acid from Rhizophora apiculata: an in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1424-1436. [PMID: 34963406 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2020688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study is to isolate and characterise the novel bioactive molecule, 2-methoxy mucic acid (4) from Rhizophora apiculate Blume under the Rhizophoraceae family. In this study, the 2-methoxy mucic acid (4) was isolated for the first time from the methanolic extract of the leaves of R. apiculata. Anticancer activity of 2-methoxy mucic acid (4) was evaluated against HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines and they displayed promising activity with IC50 values of 22.88283 ± 0.72 µg/ml in HeLa and 2.91925 ± 0.52 µg/ml in the case of MDA-MB-231, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant property of 2-methoxy mucic acid (4) was found to be (IC50) 21.361 ± 0.41 µg/ml. Apart from in vitro studies, we also performed extensive in silico studies (molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation) on four critical antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-w, Bcl-xL and Bcl-B) towards 2-methoxy mucic acid (4). The results revealed that this molecule showed higher binding affinity towards Bcl-B protein (ΔG = -5.8 kcal/mol) and the structural stability of this protein was significantly improved upon binding of this molecule. The present study affords vital insights into the importance of 2-methoxy mucic acid (4) from R. apiculata. Furthermore, it opens the therapeutic route for the discovery of anticancer drugs. Research HighlightsThis is a first report on a bioactive compound identified and characterised; a novel 2-methoxy mucic acid derived from methanolic crude extract from the leaves of R. apiculata from ANI.Estimated binding free energy of 2-methoxy mucic acid is found to be -5.8 kcal/mol to the anti-apoptotic Bcl-B protein.2-methoxy mucic acid showed both significant anti-cancer and anti-oxidant activity.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parthiban
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - V Sachithanandam
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - P Lalitha
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Ranjita Misra
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - R Sridhar
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - T Mageswaran
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Ramachandran Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Ramachandran Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
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Srinivasan C, Mohamed Jasim K, Sridhar R. Measurement of D-M model on competitiveness of 3PL in Indian automobile industry through partial least square (PLS) estimation. Journal of Statistics and Management Systems 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09720510.2022.2052447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Srinivasan
- Department of Commerce, B. S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - K. Mohamed Jasim
- VIT Business School, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- KMG College of Education, Gudiyatham, Vellore dt., Tamil Nadu, India
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Palani N, Premkumar M, Vaishnavee V, Dinesh V, Thiruvengadam K, Lavanya J, Sridhar R, Frederick A, Sivaramakrishnan G, Mondal R, Padmapriyadarsini C, Shanmugam S. Trends in rifampicin and isoniazid resistance in patients with presumptive TB. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2022; 26:446-453. [PMID: 35505474 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis of drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) is crucial in preventing the spread of the disease in the community. Introduction of upfront decentralised drug susceptibility testing to district-level as part of universal drug susceptibility testing (UDST) policy increased the feasibility of rapid and early testing for drug resistance closer to the patient and has resulted in reduced circumstances for transmission. The introduction of the first-line line-probe assay (FL-LPA), GenoType® MTBDRplus v2, has had an extensive impact on the management of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) in India.MATERIALS and METHODS: Sputum samples of patients with presumptive TB and DR-TB from selected districts of Tamil Nadu received through National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) were subjected to FL-LPA as per programme guidelines. In this study, we present trends in genotypic resistance to isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) during the 4 years (2016-2019) among these patients. Band patterns were analysed as per the updated GLI (Global Laboratory Initiative) LPA interpretation and reporting guidelines.RESULTS: A total of 26,349 samples were received during the study period. Smear-positive samples (n = 20231) were directly subjected to FL-LPA; smear-negative samples were cultured in liquid media and M. tuberculosis-positive cultures were tested using FL-LPA. A total of 18,441 were MTB-positive on FL-LPA. INH monoresistance, RIF monoresistance and MDR-TB was observed in respectively 8.7%, 1.1% and 3.3% of the samples. There was a decreasing trend in all types of resistance observed particularly after 2017 (P < 0.001). MDR-TB showed a steady decrease from 5.6% to 1.8%. S531L (19.5%) and S315T (61.1%) were the most common mutations identified in the rpoB and katG genes, respectively. The percentage of inhA-c-15t promoter mutation, indicating low-level INH resistance, showed a consistent increase (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: The impact of the UDST policy on the NTEP may have led to this decreasing trend in RIF and INH resistance observed in the study period. The increase in low-level INH resistance mutation inhA-c-15t may be associated with ethionamide/prothionamide resistance, and this should be taken into account when designing DR-TB regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Palani
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - M Premkumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - V Vaishnavee
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - V Dinesh
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - K Thiruvengadam
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - R Sridhar
- Goverment Hospital for Thoracic Medicine, Tambaram, India
| | | | - G Sivaramakrishnan
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - R Mondal
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India, ICMR-Bhopal Memorial Hospital & Research Centre, Bhopal, India
| | - C Padmapriyadarsini
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - S Shanmugam
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Sridhar R, Amith V, Aditya S, Gangadhar A, Vishnumurthy K. Electrospun PVDF/Cloisite-30B and PVDF/BaTio3/graphene nanofiber mats for development of nanogenerators. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sridhar R, Tanki UF, Jain A, Thomas S, Agarwal S, Verma N. Incidence and effectiveness of manipulation under anaesthesia for stiffness following primary total knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthop Belg 2022; 88:113-120. [PMID: 35512161 DOI: 10.52628/88.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background There are various modalities of cor- rection of stiffness following total knee arthro-plasty. Manipulation under anaesthesia (MUA) is generally indicated for people who fail to achieve their pre operative range of motion at 12 weeks. The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the effect of MUA on Flexion arc (2) the influence of timing of MUA from index procedure and of diabetes mellitus on final flexion achieved. Methods We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent manipulation following total knee arthroplasty at our institution between January 2016 to December 2018. For the purpose of analysis, we have divided the patients into two groups. Those who underwent manipulation within 12 weeks and later than 12 weeks. We have also compared the effect of MUA between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. All were operated with posterior stabilised (PS) prosthesis by a single senior arthroplasty surgeon. The final flexion achieved during their last clinical follow-up were recorded and compared with the pre MUA flexion. Results The incidence of MUA after TKA at our institute during this period is about 1.14 %. There was a significant statistical difference between the pre and post manipulation flexion, with p value <0.01. There was no significant statistical difference between those who were manipulated before 12 weeks and after 12 weeks in improving the Flexion of the operated knees. We have found that both the diabetic and non diabetic group had comparable flexion after the manipulation in our study. Conclusion Manipulation after anaesthesia is a safe first intervention to improve post operative stiffness and gain additional range of motion following TKA in patients who develop stiffness. It can be done even after 12 weeks of surgery with reasonably good gain in range of motion.
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Parthiban A, Sachithanandam V, Lalitha P, Elumalai D, Asha RN, Jeyakumar TC, Muthukumaran J, Jain M, Jayabal K, Mageswaran T, Sridhar R, Purvaja R, Ramesh R. Isolation and biological evaluation 7-hydroxy flavone from Avicennia officinalis L: insights from extensive in vitro, DFT, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2848-2860. [PMID: 35193476 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2039771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid based 7-hydroxy flavone (PubChem CID: 5281894; molecular formula: C15H10O3) molecule has been isolated for the first time from the methanolic extract from the leaves of Avicennia officinalis L. in the tropical mangrove ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI), India. The molecular structure of bioactive compound was characterized by spectroscopic analysis, including FT-IR, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and ESI-HRMS and elucidated as 7-hydroxy flavone. An anticancer activity of isolated 7-hydroxy flavone was evaluated by in vitro study against two different human cancer cell lines namely, HeLa (cervical cells) and MDA-MB231 (breast cells) and they exhibited promising anticancer activity with IC50 values are 22.5602 ± 0.21 µg/mL and 3.86474 ± 0.35 µg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant property of 7-hydroxy flavone at a standard concentration of 50 µg, was found to be (IC50) 5.5486 ± 0.81 µg/mL. In summary, this investigation provides evidence that 7-hydroxy flavone exhibits both anticancer and antioxidant properties. Meanwhile, the antimicrobial activity ability of 7-hydroxy flavone were also evaluated using three Gram positive and two Gram negative strain exhibited no antimicrobial activities. Density-functional theory (DFT) studies confirm the structure is global minima in the PES, from the optimized geometry FMO and MESP map analyzed. Further, the molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies result shows that 7-hydroxy flavone has the better binding ability with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein with the estimated free energy of binding of -6.3 kcal/mol. This bioactive compound may be act as drug candidate for treating various kinds of cancers. HighlightsA 7-hydroxy flavone molecule has been isolated from Avicennia officinalis.The isolated pure compound was subjected to spectral analysis such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectral data and HRMS analysis for skeleton of the molecule.The anticancer activity of 7-hydroxy flavone studied against Cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines and breast (MDA-MB231) cancer cell lines with the IC50 values of 22.5602 ± 0.21 µg/mL and 3.86474 ± 0.35 µg/mL), respectively.The antioxidant properties of 7-hydroxy flavone were found to be (IC50) 5.5486 ± 0.81 µg/mL at a standard concentration of 50 µg.DFT, molecular docking and MD simulation results explained that 7-hydroxy flavone could be the most promising candidate to inhibit the function of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in cancerous cell.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parthiban
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Sachithanandam
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Lalitha
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Radhakrishnan Nandini Asha
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.,Department of Chemistry, Pope's College (Autonomous), Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thayalaraj Christopher Jeyakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India.,Department of Chemistry, The American College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, P.C, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, P.C, India
| | | | - T Mageswaran
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sridhar
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sachithanandam V, Lalitha P, Parthiban A, Muthukumaran J, Jain M, Misra R, Mageswaran T, Sridhar R, Purvaja R, Ramesh R. A comprehensive in silico and in vitro studies on quinizarin: a promising phytochemical derived from Rhizophora mucronata Lam. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7218-7229. [PMID: 33682626 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1894983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mangrove plants are a great source of phytomedicines, since from the beginning of human civilization and the origin of traditional medicines. In the present study, ten different mangrove leaf methanolic extracts were screened for the type of phytochemicals followed by assessing antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activities. The efficient methanolic crude extract of Rhizospora mucornata was further purified and characterized for the presence of the bioactive compound. Based on UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, NMR and HRMS analysis, the bioactive compound was 1,4-dihydroanthraquinone; also termed as Quinizarin. This identified compound was potential in exhibiting antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity. Quinizarin inhibited the growth of Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella aerogenes with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.78 and 1.5 mg/ml. The DPPH free radical scavenging assay revealed the maximum activity of 99.8% at the concentration of 200 µg/ml with an IC50 value of 12.67 ± 0.41 µg/ml. Cytotoxic assay against HeLa (cervical) and MDA-MB231(breast) cancer cell lines revealed IC50 values to be 4.60 ± 0.26 and 3.89 ± 0.15 µg/ml. Together the results of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies explained that Quinizarin molecule showed stronger binding affinity (-6.2 kcal/mol) and significant structural stability towards anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Thus, the study put forth the promising role of the natural molecule - Quinizarin isolated from R. mucornata in the formulation of therapeutic drugs against bacterial infections and cancer. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sachithanandam
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - P Lalitha
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - A Parthiban
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P, India
| | - Ranjita Misra
- Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Mageswaran
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - R Sridhar
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - R Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
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Sridhar R, Narasimhan R, Sundararajan L, Singh R. Clinicoradiopathological features among mediastinal masses. Indian J Respir Care 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_48_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sachithanandam V, Parthiban A, Lalitha P, Muthukumaran J, Jain M, Elumalai D, Jayabal K, Sridhar R, Ramachandran P, Ramachandran R. Biological evaluation of gallic acid and quercetin derived from Ceriops tagal: insights from extensive in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1490-1502. [PMID: 32996435 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1828173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Gallic acid (PubChem CID: 370) and quercetin (PubChem CID: 5280343) are major phenolic compounds in many mangrove plants that have been related to health cure. In the present study, the active fractions namely gallic acid (1) and quercetin (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of leaves of Ceriops tagal in a Tropical mangrove ecosystem of Andaman and Nicobar Island (ANI), India. The chemical structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis: Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H, 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The anticancer activity of isolated compounds (1) and (2) were evaluated by in vitro assays against two human cancer cell lines namely, HeLa (Cervical) and MDA-MB231 (Breast) cancer cells revealed that IC50 values of gallic acid (HeLa: 4.179197 ± 0.45 µg/ml; MDA-MB231: 80.0427 ± 0.19 µg/ml at 24 h) and quercetin (HeLa: 99.914 ± 0.18 µg/ml; MDA-MB231: 18.288382 ± 0.12 µg/ml at 24 h), respectively. Antioxidant properties of gallic acid (1) and quercetin (2) are found to be IC50 value of 0.77 ± 0.41 µg/ml and 1.897 ± 0.81 µg/ml, respectively. Molecular docking results explained that gallic acid (1) and quercetin (2) showed estimated binding free energy (ΔG) of -5.4 and -6.9 kcal/mol towards drug target Bcl-B protein, respectively. The estimated inhibition constant (Ki) for these two molecules are 110 and 8.75 μM, respectively. The MD simulation additionally supported that quercetin molecule is significantly improved the structural stability of Bcl-B protein. The present study provides key insights about the importance of polyphenols, and thus leads to open the therapeutic route for anti-cancer drug discovery process.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sachithanandam
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - A Parthiban
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - P Lalitha
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Jayaraman Muthukumaran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Monika Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | | | | | - R Sridhar
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Purvaja Ramachandran
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Ramesh Ramachandran
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Anna University Campus, Chennai, India
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Angadi G, Murthy HNN, Sridhar R, Firdosh S, Roopa TS. Study of Mechanical and Moisture Absorption Behavior of Epoxy/Cloisite-15A Nanocomposites Processed Using Twin Screw Extruder. INT POLYM PROC 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents the effect of process parameters of twin screw extruder and addition of Cloisite-15A on mechanical, thermal and moisture barrier properties of epoxy/Cloisite-15A nanocomposites. Four lobed kneading blocks were used the in shearing zone of the extruder, based on their effectiveness in dispersing nanofillers in epoxy. Screw speeds from 100 min−1 to 400 min−1, number of passes up to 15, temperature from 5°C to 80°C and Cloisite-15A contents from 1 wt.% to 2.5 wt.% were considered for designing the L12 Orthogonal Array. Improvements in tensile strength, compression strength, flexural strength, impact strength, hardness and moisture diffusivity in the nanocomposites were 11.89%, 20.06%, 27.73%, 37.26%, 25.48% and 56.22% respectively, when compared to neat epoxy. The improvements were achieved for screw speed of 400 min–1, 5 passes through the extruder, processing temperature of 5°C and 2 wt.% of Cloisite-15A. Dispersion of Cloisite-15A in epoxy was studied by XRD, SEM and TEM. Thermal stability and moisture barrier properties were superior in the nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Angadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka , India
| | - H. N. N. Murthy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka , India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka , India
| | - S. Firdosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka , India
| | - T. S. Roopa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , RV College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka , India
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sridhar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center 5502 MSB, 231 Bethesday Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0585
| | - D. Thornley-Brown
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center 5502 MSB, 231 Bethesday Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0585
| | - R. Shashi Rant
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Department of Internal Medicine University of Cincinnati Medical Center 5502 MSB, 231 Bethesday Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0585
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Chan H, Ooi G, Sridhar R, Low I, Lim S, Bagdasarian N. Measles in an Open Ward. J Infect Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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16
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Sachithanandam V, Lalitha P, Parthiban A, Mageswaran T, Manmadhan K, Sridhar R. A Review on Antidiabetic Properties of Indian Mangrove Plants with Reference to Island Ecosystem. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019; 2019:4305148. [PMID: 31885647 PMCID: PMC6915161 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4305148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystem has many potential species that are traditionally used by the coastal communities for their traditional cure for health ailments as evidenced by their extensive uses to treat hepatic disorders, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, anti-inflammation, anticancer, and skin diseases, etc. In recent times, the diabetes mellitus (DM), a serious physiological disorder all over the world, occur due to the relative or complete deficiency of insulin in the body, characterized by an abnormally high blood glucose level. India has a rich traditional knowledge on plant-based drug formulations that are protective and curative for many health ailments. In this context, we aimed to compile the works done on the antidiabetic activities of mangrove species from Indian coastal regions especially on Andaman and Nicobar Islands as well as some recent works reported from other countries. A total of 126 published articles and 31 mangrove species related pieces of information were gathered with reference to antidiabetic properties of mangroves. This review summarizes the chemical structures, molecular formula, molecular weight, and their biological activities with an aspiration that it might be helpful for the future bioprospecting industries who are interested in develop the natural drugs for DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Sachithanandam
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - P. Lalitha
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - A. Parthiban
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - T. Mageswaran
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - K. Manmadhan
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Integrated Island Management Unit, Futuristic Research Division, National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India
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Hariharan NC, Muthukumar R, Sridhar R, Shankari B, Valarmathy VS. Ideal Flap Cover for the Salvage of Exposed/Infected Cochlear Implants: A Case Series and Literature Review. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2019; 72:292-296. [PMID: 32728537 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-019-01764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With an increase in the number of cochlear implant surgeries there is bound to be an increase in the number of complications. A dreaded problem in any implant procedure is the implant exposure and infection. Explantation of the implant leads to an unpleasant situation to the patient and the surgeon owing to the high cost of the device. There are reports in the literature favouring the mandatory relocation or removal of the infected implants. On the other hand, there are convincing reports of implant salvage using skin, muscle or fascial flaps. In this paper we have analysed a series of cases referred to us from the departments of E.N.T for the management of implant exposure/infection. We have also reviewed similar case series reported in the literature. From 2014 to 2017 we operated six cases of exposed cochlear implant. We salvaged the implant in five cases, where we could do two layer coverage consisting of the inner temporoparietal fascial flap and outer scalp skin flap. In one case where the temporoparietal fascial flap could not be done as superficial temporal vessels were found to be injured in the previous surgery, the implant was removed due to persistent infection. All these cases were administered appropriate antibiotics for a minimum period of 3 weeks. Early double layer closure with inner temporoparietal fascial flap and outer scalp rotation flap coupled with appropriate antibiotics can salvage an infected, exposed implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Hariharan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Non Communicable Diseases and Govt. Royapettah Hospital, V-1, Sri Mahalakshmi Enclave, 24, Gandhi Road, Gill Nagar, Chennai, 600014 India
| | - R Muthukumar
- Upgraded Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Non Communicable Diseases and Govt. Royapettah Hospital, V-1, Sri Mahalakshmi Enclave, 24, Gandhi Road, Gill Nagar, Chennai, 600014 India
| | - B Shankari
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Non Communicable Diseases and Govt. Royapettah Hospital, V-1, Sri Mahalakshmi Enclave, 24, Gandhi Road, Gill Nagar, Chennai, 600014 India
| | - V S Valarmathy
- Department of Hand and Reconstructive Micro Surgery, Tamilnadu Govt. Multi Super Specialty Hospital, Anna Salai, Chennai, 600001 India
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Kathamuthu GR, Moideen K, Banurekha VV, Nair D, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Altered circulating levels of B cell growth factors and their modulation upon anti-tuberculosis treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207404. [PMID: 30427928 PMCID: PMC6235371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell activating factor/a proliferation-inducing ligand (BAFF/APRIL) are members of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) α family of ligands, which are essential for B cell survival, development, and modulation of the immune system. To examine the association of circulating levels of BAFF and APRIL with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL), we measured the systemic levels of APRIL and BAFF in individuals with PTB, TBL, latent tuberculosis (LTB) and healthy controls (HC). Further, we also examined the pre and post-treatment plasma levels of above-mentioned parameters in PTB and TBL individuals upon completion of anti-TB chemotherapy. Next, the association of these cytokines either with extent of disease, disease severity, bacterial burden in PTB and lymph node culture grade or the lymph node size in TBL was also assessed. Finally, ROC analysis was performed to examine the discrimination capacity of APRIL and BAFF between PTB or TBL with LTB. Our study revealed significantly diminished plasma levels of APRIL in PTB and higher plasma levels of BAFF in both PTB and TBL individuals compared to LTB and HC. Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in APRIL levels in TBL and significantly decreased plasma levels of BAFF in both PTB and TBL after the completion of successful anti-TB treatment. There was no statistically positive relationship between BAFF and APRIL levels and the extent of disease, disease severity and bacterial burden in PTB. In TBL, there was a significant correlation between APRIL (but not BAFF) levels with lymph node culture grades. In contrast, APRIL in PTB and BAFF in TBL were able to clearly discriminate from LTB in ROC analysis. In summary, our results showed altered levels of BAFF/APRIL and their modulation upon chemotherapy, suggesting that these cytokines might be involved in the immune-modulation of TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dina Nair
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Government Stanley Medical Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Sridhar R. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2016. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i07/1557-1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Amith V, Sridhar R, Angadi G, Prajwal D, Mamatha V, Narasimha Murthy H. Development of Electrospinning System for Synthesis of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Thin Films for Sensor Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Thangapandiyan M, Balachandran C, Preetha SP, Mohanapriya T, Nivethitha R, Pavithra S, Sridhar R. Gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical study on strobilocercus of Taenia taeniaeformis infection in the liver of laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) in India. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2017; 10:35-38. [PMID: 31014595 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the detailed gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical study of Strobilocercus fasciolaris infection, the metacestodal stage of Taenia taeniaeformis, in the liver of laboratory Wistar rats. Necropsy examination of seventeen rats revealed transparent or white or cream to clear, thick walled cysts, 1 to 97 in number, measuring about 2mm to 12mm on one or many of the liver lobes and containing strobilocercus of Taenia taeniaeformis. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of the cross-section of larva surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule and moderate infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells and a few eosinophils. Fatty degeneration of hepatocytes, gastric mucosal hyperplasia, distended gastric glands and marked increase in the mucosal epithelial cells and goblet cells in the duodenum were also observed. Contamination of feed and bedding materials seems to be the probable source in these naturally infected rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thangapandiyan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai 600 007, India.
| | - C Balachandran
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai 600 007, India
| | - S P Preetha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai 600 007, India
| | - T Mohanapriya
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai 600 007, India
| | - R Nivethitha
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai 600 007, India
| | - S Pavithra
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai 600 007, India
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai 600 007, India
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22
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Ananda Raja R, Sridhar R, Balachandran C, Palanisammi A, Ramesh S, Nagarajan K. Pathogenicity profile of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in farmed Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2017; 67:368-381. [PMID: 28606862 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A pathobiological study was conducted using Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) strain isolated from vibriosis affected shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farms in Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur districts of Tamil Nadu during August 2014 to February 2015. The isolate was identified based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular characters. LD50 value with intramuscular injection was determined as 2.6 × 104 cfu/shrimp and sequential pathology was studied giving 6.1 × 103 cfu/shrimp (LD25). Total plate count (TPC) and total Vibrio count (TVC) in water, pond sediment, haemolymph, muscle, HP and gut were found significantly (P < 0.01) higher in natural cases than the experimental set up. Clinical signs and lesions observed in the natural and experimental cases were anorexia, lethargy, cuticle softening, loose shells, abdominal muscle cramp, red discoloration, opaque and whitish abdominal and tail musculature, necrosis of exoskeleton or splinter burns, reddish pleural borders of antennae, uropods and telson, swollen tail fan, ulcers, moribund shrimp sinking to bottom, and mortalities with shrunken discoloured HP with empty gut. Total haemocyte count (THC), small nongranular haemocyte (SNGH), large nongranular haemocyte (LNGH), small granular haemocyte (SGH) and large granular haemocyte (LGH) counts lowered significantly (P < 0.01) at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 h post injection (p.i). No LGH were found after 96 h of challenge. The post injection qPCR analyses of haemocytes showed up-regulations of penaeidin-3a, lysozyme, prophenoloxidase I, prophenoloxidase II and serine protein at 3 and 6 h of infection. There was total down-regulation of crustin from 3 to 192 h p.i. There was a remarkable elevation in the level of proPO I with concomitant depletion of proPO II. The pattern of up- and down-regulations in proPO I and SP were similar. The post infection qPCR analyses showed that these immune related genes could be used as markers for assessing the immune status of P. vannamei. Major histopathological manifestations observed were haemocyte infiltration/nodule in the epidermis, skeletal and cardiac muscles, atrophy of the excretory organ, and disrupted HP tubules with diffuse interstitial edema and haemocytic infiltration. Further HP showed that there was thickening of intertubular space, karyomegaly with prominent nucleoli, rounding and sloughing of HP tubular epithelium, many mitotic figures with bacterial colonies and apoptotic bodies, separation of shrunken tubule epithelium from myoepithelial fibers, regeneration of tubules, cystic, dilated and vacuolated appearance of HP tubules, hypoplastic changes in the tubules with no B, R and F cells, granuloma formation, concretions in tubules, calcification, necrosis, and washed out appearance with complete loss of architecture. The progression of the degenerative changes in the HP tubular epithelial cells was from proximal to distal end. In haematopoietic organ, increased mitotic activities with focal to extensive depletion and degeneration were observed. Degeneration of the stromal matrix with spheroid formation in lymphoid organ was observed among the Vp infected natural and experimental animals. Degeneration of glandular structures in the prehensile appendages with bacterial colonies, melanization and loss of epithelial layer in oesophagus, swelling and loss of architecture with mucinous secretion in the stomach, degeneration of peritrophic membrane in the lumen of intestine were observed in field cases but not in the experimental studies. Further, this study established the pathobiology of the Vp isolate to P. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ananda Raja
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007, India; Aquatic Animal Health and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, 600 028, India.
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007, India
| | - C Balachandran
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007, India
| | - A Palanisammi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007, India
| | - S Ramesh
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, Centre for Animal Health Studies, TANUVAS, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, 600 051, India
| | - K Nagarajan
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007, India
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Hou Y, Sridhar R, Chan H, Chiu L, Lee C, Tambyah P, Fisher D, Bagdasarian N. The Zika outbreak: An overview of suspected Zika cases presenting at a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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24
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Sridhar R, Bond V, Dunmore-Griffith J, Cousins VM, Zhang R, Millis RM. Relationship Between Aerobic Fitness, the Serum IGF-1 Profiles of Healthy Young Adult African American Males, and Growth of Prostate Cancer Cells. Am J Mens Health 2016; 11:92-98. [PMID: 25990510 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315587740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of prostate tumors is mediated by the bioavailability of androgens and insulin-like growth factors. This study tested the hypothesis that healthy young adult African American men exhibiting low aerobic capacity (fitness) have serum insulin-like growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) and testosterone levels that promote growth of prostate cancer cells. A cross-sectional data research design was used to study groups of 18- to 26-year-old healthy men exhibiting low and moderate aerobic fitness, based on their peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). The individual serum levels of IGF-1, IGF-1 binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and testosterone were measured. In vitro growth of androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate tumor cells was measured after incubation in culture medium fortified with each subject's serum. Aerobic capacity was significantly greater in the moderate-fitness group than in the low-fitness group without an intergroup difference in body mass index. The serum IGF-1 concentration was significantly higher in the low-fitness group in the absence of an intergroup difference in serum testosterone. The serum IGFBP-3 concentration was significantly lower in the low-fitness group. Prostate tumor cell growth was significantly greater in the cultures incubated in media containing the sera of the low-fitness group than in the sera of the moderate-fitness group. These findings suggest that moderate aerobic fitness in young adults may decrease the circulating levels of free IGF-1 and lower the potential to support growth of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard M Millis
- 2 The American University of Antigua College of Medicine, St. John's, Antigua & Barbuda
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25
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Sridhar R, Jeevananthan S, Dash SS, Vishnuram P. A new maximum power tracking in PV system during partially shaded conditions based on shuffled frog leap algorithm. J EXP THEOR ARTIF IN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0952813x.2016.1186750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Arunachalam A, Dhanapandian S, Manoharan C, Sridhar R. Characterization of sprayed TiO2 on ITO substrates for solar cell applications. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 149:904-912. [PMID: 26004100 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films had been deposited with various substrate temperatures by spray pyrolysis technique onto ITO substrates. All films exhibited polycrystalline nature with the preferred orientation along (101) plane. At the substrate temperature 450 °C, the film favored the formation of anatase phase. The higher substrate temperature (475 °C) favored the appearance of rutile structure. The SEM image of the film at substrate temperature (Ts=450 °C) showed high structural quality with the porous nature. The typical AFM image of TiO2 film deposited at the substrate temperature, 450 °C depicted the regular arrangement of fine closely packed tetragonal structured grains. The transmittance of the spectra exhibited above 85% with energy band gap of 3.6 eV. From the study of photoluminescence, the emission at 417 nm, 437 nm and with weak emission at 551 nm was observed, which confirmed the lesser defects in the samples. The electrical resistivity was found to be 6.856×10(1) Ω cm for the substrate temperature 450 °C. The efficiency of anatase TiO2 photoelectrode deposited at the substrate temperature 450 °C based cell was much higher than the efficiency of TiO2 photoelectrode deposited at the substrate temperature 475 °C based cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arunachalam
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Dhanapandian
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - C Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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27
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Manikandan A, Antony SA, Sridhar R, Ramakrishna S, Bououdina M. A Simple Combustion Synthesis and Optical Studies of Magnetic Zn1-xNi(x)Fe2O4 Nanostructures for Photoelectrochemical Applications. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:4948-4960. [PMID: 26373061 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.9814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ni-doped ZnFe2O4 (Ni(X)Zn1-x,Fe2O4; x = 0.0 to 0.5) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple microwave combustion method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that all compositions crystallize with cubic spinel ZnFe2O4. The lattice parameter decreases with increase in Ni content resulting in the reduction of lattice strain. High resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM) and transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) images revealed that the as-prepared samples are crystalline with particle size distribution in 42-50 nm range. Optical properties were determined by UV-Visible diffuse reflectance (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy respectively. The saturation magnetization (Ms) shows the superparamagnetic nature of the sample for x = 0.0-0.2, whereas for x = 0.3-0.5, it shows ferromagnetic nature. The Ms value is 1.638 emu/g for pure ZnFe2O4 sample and it increases with increase in Ni content. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements showed a significant increase of photocurrent density with increase in the Ni-dopant, and 0.5% Ni-doped ZnFe2O4 sample was found to show the better photoresponse than the other doping concentrations.
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28
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Therese KL, Gayathri R, Dhanurekha L, Sridhar R, Meenakshi N, Madhavan HN. Diagnostic appraisal of simultaneous application of two nested PCRs targeting MPB64 gene and IS6110 region for rapid detection of M. tuberculosis genome in culture proven clinical specimens. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 31:366-9. [PMID: 24064643 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.118887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of tuberculosis is critical for its effective management and prevention. Several gene amplification methods are used in the detection of tubercle bacilli from clinical specimens. MPB64 gene and IS6110 region have been identified as potential gene targets for the specific detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from direct clinical specimens. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic utility of simultaneous application of two nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCRs) targeting MPB64 and IS6110 region for the detection of M. tuberculosis genome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 100 and 354 clinical specimens from the control group and clinically suspected tuberculosis patients, respectively, were included in the study. nPCRs targeting MPB64 and IS6110 region were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION All of the 100 clinical specimens from the control group were negative for both nPCRs. Out of the 354 clinical specimens, 339 were positive for both culture and nPCRs, 10 and 5 were positive for culture, and nPCR targeting IS6110 and MPB64 regions, respectively. To conclude, nPCRs targeting MPB64 and IS6110 region are reliable and specific targets when applied simultaneously on clinical specimens to attain 100% sensitivity for the detection of M. tuberculosis genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Therese
- Larsen & Toubro Microbiology Research Centre, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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29
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Shana, Sridhar R, Roopa BS, Varadaraj MC, Vijayendra SVN. Optimization of a novel coconut milk supplemented dahi - a fermented milk product of Indian subcontinent. J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1825-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Lakra PP, Hemalatha S, Sridhar R, Gowri AM, Kumar K. Immunohistochemical study of p53, Ki-67, Bax and Bcl-2 in diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats treated withCassia fistulaleaf extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5958/0973-970x.2015.00081.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Vimalraj PG, Jayathangaraj MG, Sridhar R, Senthilkumar TMA, Latchumikanthan A. Endoparasites in cattle nearby tribal areas of free-ranging protected areas of Tamil Nadu state. J Parasit Dis 2014; 38:429-31. [PMID: 25320498 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh dung samples from cattle nearby and tribal areas of free-ranging regions, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Anamalai Tiger Reserve and forest divisions of Sathyamangalam-Erode of Tamil Nadu state were examined for identification of endoparasitic infection. A total of 50 dung samples were collected and examination of samples revealed the presence of eggs of Strongyle, Strongyloides sp., amphistomes, Toxocara sp. and oocysts of Eimeria sp. The risk of parasitic disease transmission from domestic livestock to wild populations was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Vimalraj
- 26, II Main Road, Barathidasan Nagar, Mudaliarpet, Puducherry, 605 004 India
| | - M G Jayathangaraj
- Department of Wildlife Science, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007 India
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007 India
| | - T M A Senthilkumar
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600 007 India
| | - A Latchumikanthan
- Division of Veterinary Parasitology, IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122 Uttar Pradesh India
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32
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Karuppannan AK, Ramesh A, Reddy YK, Ramesh S, Mahaprabhu R, Jaisree S, Roy P, Sridhar R, Pazhanivel N, Sakthivelan SM, Sreekumar C, Murugan M, Jaishankar S, Gopi H, Purushothaman V, Kumanan K, Babu M. Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:314-20. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. K. Karuppannan
- Centralized University Laboratory; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
- Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - A. Ramesh
- Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - Y. K. Reddy
- Vaccine Research Centre for Viral Vaccines; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - S. Ramesh
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory; Madras Veterinary College; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - R. Mahaprabhu
- Centralized University Laboratory; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - S. Jaisree
- Centralized University Laboratory; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - P. Roy
- Centralized University Laboratory; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - R. Sridhar
- Department of Pathology; Madras Veterinary College; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - N. Pazhanivel
- Department of Pathology; Madras Veterinary College; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - S. M. Sakthivelan
- Department of Pathology; Madras Veterinary College; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - C. Sreekumar
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - M. Murugan
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - S. Jaishankar
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - H. Gopi
- Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - V. Purushothaman
- Centre for Animal Health Studies; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - K. Kumanan
- Centre for Animal Production Studies; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
| | - M. Babu
- Centre for Animal Production Studies; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University; Chennai India
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33
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Lin PC, Lin S, Wang PC, Sridhar R. Techniques for physicochemical characterization of nanomaterials. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:711-26. [PMID: 24252561 PMCID: PMC4024087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology have opened up a new era of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and traumatic injuries. Nanomaterials, including those with potential for clinical applications, possess novel physicochemical properties that have an impact on their physiological interactions, from the molecular level to the systemic level. There is a lack of standardized methodologies or regulatory protocols for detection or characterization of nanomaterials. This review summarizes the techniques that are commonly used to study the size, shape, surface properties, composition, purity and stability of nanomaterials, along with their advantages and disadvantages. At present there are no FDA guidelines that have been developed specifically for nanomaterial based formulations for diagnostic or therapeutic use. There is an urgent need for standardized protocols and procedures for the characterization of nanoparticles, especially those that are intended for use as theranostics.
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MESH Headings
- Chemistry, Physical/methods
- Circular Dichroism
- Contrast Media/chemistry
- Humans
- Light
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Mass Spectrometry
- Microscopy, Atomic Force
- Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microscopy, Scanning Tunneling
- Molecular Imaging/methods
- Nanomedicine/methods
- Nanoparticles/chemistry
- Nanostructures/chemistry
- Nanotechnology/methods
- Nanotechnology/trends
- Scattering, Radiation
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
- Spectrophotometry, Infrared
- Spectrum Analysis, Raman
- Surface Properties
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Chang Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Stephen Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Paul C Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Rajagopalan Sridhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
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34
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Maran JP, Sivakumar V, Thirugnanasambandham K, Sridhar R. Extraction of natural anthocyanin and colors from pulp of jamun fruit. J Food Sci Technol 2014; 52:3617-26. [PMID: 26028744 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-014-1429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this present study, natural pigment and colors from pulp of jamun fruit were extracted under different extraction conditions such as extraction temperature (40-60 ˚C), time (20-100 min) and solid-liquid ratio (1:10-1: 15 g/ml) by aqueous extraction method. Three factors with three levels Box-Behnken response surface design was employed to optimize and investigate the effect of process variables on the responses (total anthocyanin and color). The results were analyzed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA) and second order polynomial models were developed to predict the responses. Optimum extraction conditions for maximizing the extraction yield of total anthocyanin (10.58 mg/100 g) and colors (10618.3 mg/l) were found to be: extraction temperature of 44 °C, extraction time of 93 min and solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/ml. Under these conditions, experimental values are closely agreed with predicted values.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prakash Maran
- Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, 638052 TN India
| | - V Sivakumar
- Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, 638052 TN India
| | - K Thirugnanasambandham
- Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode, 638052 TN India
| | - R Sridhar
- TamilNadu Pollution Control Board, Salem, TN 635004 India
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Prakash Maran J, Sivakumar V, Thirugnanasambandham K, Sridhar R. Microwave assisted extraction of pectin from waste Citrullus lanatus fruit rinds. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 101:786-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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36
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Sulthana A, Latha KC, Imran M, Rathan R, Sridhar R, Balasubramanian S. Non-linear modeling using fuzzy principal component regression for Vidyaranyapuram sewage treatment plant, Mysore - India. Water Sci Technol 2014; 70:1040-1047. [PMID: 25259493 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2014.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fuzzy principal component regression (FPCR) is proposed to model the non-linear process of sewage treatment plant (STP) data matrix. The dimension reduction of voluminous data was done by principal component analysis (PCA). The PCA score values were partitioned by fuzzy-c-means (FCM) clustering, and a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy model was built based on the FCM functions. The FPCR approach was used to predict the reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) of treated wastewater of Vidyaranyapuram STP with respect to the relations modeled between fuzzy partitioned PCA scores and target output. The designed FPCR model showed the ability to capture the behavior of non-linear processes of STP. The predicted values of reduction in COD and BOD were analyzed by performing the linear regression analysis. The predicted values for COD and BOD reduction showed positive correlation with the observed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sulthana
- Department of Water and Health - JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore-570 015, Karnataka, India E-mail:
| | - K C Latha
- Department of Water and Health - JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore-570 015, Karnataka, India E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Department of Information Technology, College of Applied Sciences, Sohar-311, Oman
| | - Ramya Rathan
- Department of Water and Health - JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore-570 015, Karnataka, India E-mail:
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Computer Science, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya, Coimbatore-641020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Department of Water and Health - JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore-570 015, Karnataka, India E-mail:
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37
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Balachandran C, Pazhanivel N, Baranidharan G, Jalantha P, Sridhar R. Cavernous haemangioma in a dog-A case report. INDIAN J ANIM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.3.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Sulthana A, Latha KC, Rathan R, Sridhar R, Balasubramanian S. Factor analysis and discriminant analysis of wastewater quality in Vidyaranyapuram sewage treatment plant, Mysore, India: a case study. Water Sci Technol 2014; 69:810-818. [PMID: 24569281 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2013.782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plant monitoring is an essential part of effective wastewater management. The analysis of eight physico-chemical parameters of untreated wastewater was carried out at Vidyaranyapuram sewage treatment plant, Mysore, India. Factor analysis (FA) was applied to the untreated wastewater data matrix, and pollution was found to be the most contributing factor, explaining 22.31% of the total variance (chloride, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved solids). The second most contributing factor was found to be nitrification which explained 21.11% of the total variance (pH and nitrate), whereas the salinization factor contributed 16.98% of the total variance (total solids and total suspended solids). FA regression scores could not satisfactorily classify the data matrix with respect to the seasonal variations. Discriminant analysis (DA) was used to find the seasonal variations in the data matrix, and the standard mode DA explained 66.6% of total variance by grouping the cases with respect to seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sulthana
- Department Of Water and Health - JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore -570 015, Karnataka, India E-mail:
| | - K C Latha
- Department Of Water and Health - JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore -570 015, Karnataka, India E-mail:
| | - Ramya Rathan
- Department Of Water and Health - JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore -570 015, Karnataka, India E-mail:
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Computer Science, Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya, Coimbatore -641020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Balasubramanian
- Department Of Water and Health - JSS University, S.S. Nagar, Mysore -570 015, Karnataka, India E-mail:
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Kapadia G, Rao G, Sridhar R, Ichiishi E, Takasaki M, Suzuki N, Konoshima T, Iida A, Tokuda H. Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer: Effect of Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) Leaf Powder and its Pigment Artifact, Lawsone in the Epstein- Barr Virus Early Antigen Activation Assay and in Two-Stage Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis Models. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2013; 13:1500-7. [DOI: 10.2174/18715206113139990096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Prakash Maran J, Sivakumar V, Thirugnanasambandham K, Sridhar R. Extraction, multi-response analysis, and optimization of biologically active phenolic compounds from the pulp of Indian jamun fruit. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Sridhar R, Manoharan C, Ramalingam S, Dhanapandian S, Bououdina M. Spectroscopic study and optical and electrical properties of Ti-doped ZnO thin films by spray pyrolysis. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 120:297-303. [PMID: 24184923 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide films were doped with different concentrations of Ti on glass substrates at 400°C by spray pyrolysis technique. The films exhibited single phase ZnO for low concentrations of Ti. Wurtzite ZnO peaks were observed at higher doping concentration with decreased crystallinity. Crystallite size, strain and dislocation density were evaluated from the X-ray diffraction data. Surface morphology of the films indicated that a remarkable decrease in grain size with increasing of Ti concentration. The band gap of the films was found to be increased from 3.20 eV to 3.32 eV as the concentration of Ti doping increases. The resistivity of the films decreased from 9×10(5) Ω cm to 9×10(4) Ω cm with the increase of Ti doping concentration. Both Raman spectroscopy and room temperature photoluminescence exhibited characteristic peaks that confirmed the formation of ZnO phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sridhar
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India
| | - C Manoharan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India.
| | - S Ramalingam
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S Dhanapandian
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, India
| | - M Bououdina
- Nanotechnology Centre, University of Bahrain, PO Box 32038, Bahrain; Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, PO Box 32038, Bahrain
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Padmaja P, Yedukondalu M, Sridhar R, Busi S, Rao M. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Novel 3, 5-Disubstituted Indazole Derivatives. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2013. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180811310070010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Prakash Maran J, Sivakumar V, Thirugnanasambandham K, Sridhar R. Optimization of microwave assisted extraction of pectin from orange peel. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 97:703-9. [PMID: 23911504 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, microwave-assisted extraction was applied for pectin extraction from the dried orange peel and Box-Behnken response surface design was used to study and optimize the effects of processing variables (microwave power, irradiation time, pH and solid-liquid ratio) on the yield of pectin. The amount of pectin extracted increased with increasing microwave power, while it reduces as the time, pH and solid-liquid ratio increased. From the results, second order polynomial model was developed and it adequately explained the data variation and significantly represented the actual relationship between independent variables and the response. An optimization study using Derringer's desired function methodology was performed and optimal conditions based on both individual and combinations of all independent variables (microwave power of 422W, irradiation time of 169 s, pH of 1.4 and solid-liquid ratio of 1:16.9 g/ml) were determined with maximum pectin yield of 19.24%, which was confirmed through validation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prakash Maran
- Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Erode 638052, TN, India.
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Zhang F, Shan L, Liu Y, Neville D, Woo JH, Chen Y, Korotcov A, Lin S, Huang S, Sridhar R, Liang W, Wang PC. An anti-PSMA bivalent immunotoxin exhibits specificity and efficacy for prostate cancer imaging and therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:736-44. [PMID: 23184611 PMCID: PMC3741670 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is overexpressed on prostate tumor cells and the neovascular endothelia various solid tumors. A bivalent immunotoxin generated by fusing a fold-back single-chain diabody derived from the Fv fragments of an anti-PSMA monoclonal antibody with a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT) containing the activity and translocation domains [A-dmDT390-scfbDb(PSMA)] might be suitable for targeted therapy of tumors that overexpress PSMA. In this study, a PSMA-positive and a PSMA-negative prostate cancer cell lines were treated with immunotoxin A-dmDT390-scfbDb(PSMA) in order to study the tumor targeting specificity and therapeutic potential of the immunotoxin. The cellular uptake and selective toxicity of the immunotoxin were evident in monolayer cultures of PSMA-positive LNCaP prostate cancer cells but not in cultures of PSMA-negative PC-3 prostate cancer cells. Cellular accumulation of A-dmDT390-scfbDb(PSMA) increased with increasing incubation times and concentrations in LNCaP cells. The proportion of apoptotic LNCaP cells increased upon incubation with increasing doses of the fold-back immunotoxin. Optical imaging and MRI with the Alexa Fluor 680-labeled A-dmDT390-scfbDb(PSMA) confirmed the specific targeting and therapeutic efficacy of this immunotoxin towards PSMA-positive LNCaP solid tumor xenografts in athymic nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayun Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liang Shan
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | | | - Jung-Hee Woo
- Cancer Research Institute of Scott and White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX 76502, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Alexandru Korotcov
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Stephen Lin
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Sophia Huang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Rajagopalan Sridhar
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein & Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Paul C. Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20060, USA
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Venugopal J, Rajeswari R, Shayanti M, Sridhar R, Sundarrajan S, Balamurugan R, Ramakrishna S. Xylan polysaccharides fabricated into nanofibrous substrate for myocardial infarction. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2013; 33:1325-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kavitha KT, Latha BR, Bino Sundar ST, Sridhar R, Abdul Basith S. Sparganosis in Russell's viper snake: a case report. J Parasit Dis 2013; 38:394-5. [PMID: 25320490 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0260-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the plerocercoid larva, Sparganum of Sparganum spp. in two Russell's viper snakes maintained in Chennai snake park trust, Chennai is reported for the first time from Southern India. The cestode larvae were found in the sub cutis and were flat, solid, wrinkled, ribbon like creamy white in colour with peudosegmentation with anterior end possessing bothria. The cuticles, subcuticular cells and parenchymatous tissue stained by acetic alum carmine further confirmed the cestode larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Kavitha
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - B R Latha
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - S T Bino Sundar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - R Sridhar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India ; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
| | - S Abdul Basith
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, 600007 India
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Maran JP, Sivakumar V, Sridhar R, Thirugnanasambandham K. Development of model for barrier and optical properties of tapioca starch based edible films. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1335-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kumar NP, Hanna LE, Jawahar MS, Rekha VVB, Sridhar R, Nutman TB, Babu SS. Enhanced frequency of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes and diminished numbers of T and B cells in active pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis 2012. [PMCID: PMC3344770 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-s1-p23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Korotcov AV, Ye Y, Chen Y, Zhang F, Huang S, Lin S, Sridhar R, Achilefu S, Wang PC. Glucosamine-linked near-infrared fluorescent probes for imaging of solid tumor xenografts. Mol Imaging Biol 2012; 14:443-51. [PMID: 21971932 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-011-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging is an attractive technique for studying diseases at the molecular level in vivo. Glucose transporters are often used as targets for in vivo imaging of tumors. The efficiency of a tumor-seeking fluorescent probe can be enhanced by attaching one or more glucosamine (GlcN) moieties. This study was designed to evaluate the use of previously developed GlcN-linked NIRF probes for in vitro and in vivo optical imaging of cancer. PROCEDURES Cellular uptake of the probes (1 μM) was investigated in monolayer cultures of luciferase-expressing PC3 (PC3-luc) cells. The prostate tumors were established as subcutaneous xenografts using PC3-luc cells in nude mice. The biodistributions and tumor-targeting specificities of cypate (cyp), cypate-D: -(+)-glucosamine (cyp-GlcN), and D: -(+)-gluosamine-cypate-D: -(+)-gluosamine (cyp-2GlcN) were studied. The tumor, muscle, and major organs were collected for ex vivo optical imaging. RESULTS The tumor cell uptake of the probe containing two glucosamine residues, cyp-2GlcN, was significantly higher than the uptake of both the probe with one glucosamine residue, cyp-GlcN, and the probe without glucosamine, cyp only. Similarly, in in vivo experiments, cyp-2GlcN demonstrated higher maximum fluorescence intensity and longer residence lifetime in tumors than cyp-GlcN or cyp. The ex vivo biodistribution analysis revealed that tumor uptake of cyp-2GlcN and cyp-GlcN was four- and twofold higher than that of cyp at 24 h post-injection, respectively. CONCLUSION Both cyp-GlcN and cyp-2GlcN NIRF probes exhibited good tumor-targeting properties in prostate cancer cell cultures and live mice. The cyp-2GlcN probe showed the highest uptake with good retention characteristics in vivo. The uptake of cyp-2GlcN and cyp-GlcN is likely mediated by glucosamine-recognizing transporters. The uptake mechanism is being explored further for developing cypate-glucosamine-based probes for in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru V Korotcov
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
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Deepa V, Sridhar R, Goparaju A, Reddy PN, Murthy PB. Nanoemulsified ethanolic extract of Pyllanthus amarus Schum & Thonn ameliorates CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2012; 50:785-794. [PMID: 23305029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus (PA) is commonly used in traditional medicine for hepatoprotectivity. The major limitation is that, treatment requires a large quantity of herbal extract for a longer duration. Aim of the present study was to encapsulate ethanolic plant extract for sustained release of constituents in intestine and facilitate maximum absorption. The efficacy was compared for the hepatoprotective activity of nanoencapsulated ethanolic extract of P. amarus (NPA) and PA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatotoxic male rats. Based on total phenol content (TPC), the loading efficiency of nanocapsules was 89% (pH 7.0) and optimum concentration was 2:18 (mg/mL) for plant extract: olive oil. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed a spherical morphology, photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) identified mean particle diameter as 213 nm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) revealed that the phytoconstituents were stable. An oral dose of NPA (20 mg/kg body wt.) showed a better hepatoprotective activity than PA (100 mg/kg body wt.) and also repeated dose oral toxicity proved to be safe. These biochemical assessments were supported by rat biopsy examinations. In conclusion, the nanoemulsification method may be applied for poor water-soluble ethanolic herbal extracts to reduce the dosage and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Deepa
- Department of Biotechnology, International Institute of Biotechnology and Toxicology, Kanchipuram District, Padappai 601 301, India.
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