Effect of ruthenium(II) complexes on MDA-MB-231 cells and lifespan/tumor growth in gld-1mutant, Daf-16 TF and stress productive genes: A perspective study

Pincer type coumarin based N-substituted semicarbazone ligands HL1-4 and their corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes (1-4) were synthesized, analyzed and confirmed by various spectro analytical techniques. The molecular structure of the ligand HL3 and complex 3 was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The stoichiometry of complexes 1, 2 and 4 was confirmed by high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS). The binding affinity of the compounds with CT-DNA (Calf Thymus DNA) and BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin) was established by absorption and emission titration methods. The results of In vitro cytotoxicity showed the significant cytotoxic potential of the complexes against MDA-MB-231 cells (TNBC- Triple-negative breast cancer). Among the complexes, 1 and 4 have shown appreciable results. Further, antimigratory activity against the MDA-MB-231 cells was studied for the complexes 1 and 4. The percentage cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and necrosis were explored by flow cytometry. The in vivo anti-tumor activity of the complexes 1 and 4 using C. elegans as model organism was established by using the tumoral C. elegans strain JK1466 (gld-1(q485)), which bears a mutation in the gld-1 tumor suppressor gene. We have determined the effect of our complexes on tumor gonad reduction and found to be non toxic to the JK1466 worms and they have prolonged their mean lifespan with potential antioxidant ability by overcoming stress responses. Overall, our study reported herein demonstrated that the complexes 1 and 4 could be established as potential metallo-drugs substantiating further exploration.

Preparation of new organo-ruthenium(II) complexes and their nucleic acid/albumin binding efficiency and in vitro cytotoxicity studies

Hetero-bimetallic ruthenium(II) complexes (PRAFIZ and PRBFIZ) containing acetyl ferrocene (AFIZ)/benzoyl ferrocene isonicotinic hydrazone ligands (BFIZ) were synthesized and characterized by various spectral and analytical techniques. The structure of acetyl ferrocene isonicotinic hydrazone (AFIZ) and the complex PRBFIZ was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The hydrazide ligands coordinated in a bidentate monobasic fashion using their N1 hydrazinic nitrogen and enolic oxygen atoms. The binding interactions of the ligands and complexes were examined using Calf-Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) experiments clarified the efficient binding interaction of the ligands and complexes with BSA. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity studies on MDA-MB-261 breast cancer cells and A549 human lung cancer cells and cell morphological analysis results through staining assays clearly indicated the cytotoxic nature of the complexes.

Correction: C–H activation and subsequent C–C bond formation in rigid alkenes catalyzed by Ru(iii) metallates

Correction for ‘C–H activation and subsequent C–C bond formation in rigid alkenes catalyzed by Ru(iii) metallates’ by S. Dharani et al., React. Chem. Eng., 2023, 8, 164–174, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2RE00317A.

Replaced right hepatic artery passing anterior to pancreas: a rare and challenging anatomical variant during pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background

During pancreaticoduodenectomy proper dissection of local vessels is required. Normal coeliac and hepatic arterial anatomy can be found in only 50–70% of individuals. Good knowledge about aberrant vascular anatomies is necessary to avoid unnecessary complications.

Case presentation

An elderly gentleman presented to us with history of jaundice. Periampullary carcinoma with abnormal right and left hepatic artery morphology was discovered after a contrast enhanced computerized tomography scan.

Conclusion

Despite the anomalous origin and anterior course of replaced right hepatic artery, Classical pancreatoduodenectomy with preservation of replaced right hepatic artery and regional lymphadenectomy with no major intra and post-operative problems was conducted by superior mesenteric artery first approach. Prior to major hepato-pancreatobiliary surgery, a thorough examination of a contrast enhanced computerized tomography scan is required to understand vascular anatomy, recognize anomalous vessels, and understand their significance. Nevertheless, if the abnormal vessel anatomy like replaced right hepatic artery are identified during surgery, a careful dissection of the anomalous vessel is essential to identify all vascular relationships and avoid irreversible injury.

Ex Situ In Vivo Technique of Spleen-Preserving Splenic Hilar Lymph Node Dissection in Operable Proximal Gastric Adenocarcinoma

D2 gastrectomy is the globally accepted standard surgical procedure for operable gastric cancer, and lymph node (LN) dissection is considered as the critical part of radical surgery and closely related to the prognosis. The splenic hilar LN (SHLN) or level 10 are to be removed during standard D2 total gastrectomy. In situ and ex situ spleen-preserving lymphadenectomies have been the most common dissection approaches for SHLNs. No study exists which compares the outcomes of these techniques in Indian population. This study is aimed to analyse the operative outcomes of ex situ in vivo technique of spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection in patients who underwent D2 total gastrectomy for operable proximal gastric cancer in comparison with in situ in vivo technique of splenic hilar lymph node dissection. We reviewed prospectively collected data from 17 patients with operable proximal gastric cancer between September 2016 and April 2019 who underwent D2 total gastrectomy with splenic hilar lymph node dissection and studied the preoperative demographic factors, operative and postoperative outcomes comparing the different operative techniques. Patients with oesophago-gastric junction involvement, direct splenic or other adjacent organ invasion requiring multivisceral resection and gastric stump carcinoma were excluded. Overall, 17 patients underwent D2 total gastrectomy for operable gastric cancer. Mean age of presentation was 54.7 years including 13 males and 4 females. Five patients had middle third and 12 patients had upper third cancer. All patients had splenic hilar nodal clearance as follows: in situ - 14 and ex situ - 3 patients. R0 resection was achieved in all patients. Lymph node harvest tends to be higher with lower operative time and blood loss in patients with ex situ technique compared to in situ technique with similar morbidity. Ex situ in vivo technique of spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection can be considered as both safe and feasible procedure for operable proximal gastric cancer patients in experienced centres to achieve better lymph node yield with no significant increase in morbidity.

The third international hackathon for applying insights into large-scale genomic composition to use cases in a wide range of organisms

In October 2021, 59 scientists from 14 countries and 13 U.S. states collaborated virtually in the Third Annual Baylor College of Medicine & DNANexus Structural Variation hackathon. The goal of the hackathon was to advance research on structural variants (SVs) by prototyping and iterating on open-source software. This led to nine hackathon projects focused on diverse genomics research interests, including various SV discovery and genotyping methods, SV sequence reconstruction, and clinically relevant structural variation, including SARS-CoV-2 variants. Repositories for the projects that participated in the hackathon are available at https://github.com/collaborativebioinformatics.

Diosgenin derivatives developed from Pd(II) catalysed dehydrogenative coupling exert an effect on breast cancer cells by abrogating their growth and facilitating apoptosis via regulating the AKT1 pathway

Palladium metallates containing 4-oxo-4H-chromene-3-carbaldehyde derived ONS donor Schiff bases were synthesized and their efficacy was tested in the direct amination of diosgenin - a phyto steroid. Based on the pharmacological importance of diosgenin, the obtained derivatives were exposed to study their effect on breast cancer cells where they significantly reduced the growth of cancer cells and left non-malignant breast epithelial cells unaffected. Among the derivatives, D3, D4 and D6 showed a better anti-proliferative effect and further analysis revealed that the D3, D4 and D6 derivatives markedly promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by attenuation of the AKT1 signalling pathway.

Simulation of Heat Transfer in Laser Transmission Welding

A numerical simulation of the heat transfer during laser transmission welding is presented. A finite difference approach was used to solve the one-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction problem and to investigate the effect of welding conditions on the time-dependent temperature profiles for PA 6. For the needs of the simulation, the process was divided into heating and heat redistribution periods. The absorption coefficient of the laser-transparent part was measured experimentally and that of the laser-absorbing part was fitted using experimental data. The predicted temperature profiles were combined with experimental meltdown data to estimate the heat-affected zone thickness in the welded specimens. Good agreement was found between the estimated and measured heat-affected zone thickness values.

C–H activation and subsequent C–C bond formation in rigid alkenes catalyzed by Ru(iii) metallates

Pyrazolone derived Ru(iii) complexes were synthesized and applied as catalysts in the C–H activation reaction of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. In addition to Heck type coupling, ethanol mediated ethoxylation was also witnessed.

Dynamic CD4+ T cell heterogeneity defines subset-specific suppression and PD-L1-blockade-driven functional restoration in chronic infection

Inhibiting PD-1:PD-L1 signaling has transformed therapeutic immune restoration. CD4+ T cells sustain immunity in chronic infections and cancer, yet little is known about how PD-1 signaling modulates CD4+ helper T (TH) cell responses or the ability to restore CD4+ TH-mediated immunity by checkpoint blockade. We demonstrate that PD-1:PD-L1 specifically suppressed CD4+ TH1 cell amplification, prevents CD4+ TH1 cytokine production and abolishes CD4+ cytotoxic killing capacity during chronic infection in mice. Inhibiting PD-L1 rapidly restored these functions, while simultaneously amplifying and activating TH1-like T regulatory cells, demonstrating a system-wide CD4-TH1 recalibration. This effect coincided with decreased T cell antigen receptor signaling, and re-directed type I interferon (IFN) signaling networks towards dominant IFN-γ-mediated responses. Mechanistically, PD-L1 blockade specifically targeted defined populations with pre-established, but actively suppressed proliferative potential, with limited impact on minimally cycling TCF-1+ follicular helper T cells, despite high PD-1 expression. Thus, CD4+ T cells require unique differentiation and functional states to be targets of PD-L1-directed suppression and therapeutic restoration.

Dual sensing of methionine and aspartic acid in aqueous medium by a quinoline-based fluorescent probe

A quinoline-based Schiff base sensor, 6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxaldehyde-4(N)-phenylsemicarbazone (6MPS), has been developed for selective sensing of methionine and aspartic acid in aqueous medium through "on-off-on" type selective detection of copper ion. Fluorescence imaging of 6MPS, 6MPSC, 6MPSCN, 6MPSC-met, 6MPSCN-met, 6MPSC-asp and 6MPSCN-asp has been successfully demonstrated, in which the sensing probes 6MPSC-met, 6MPSCN-met, 6MPSC-asp and 6MPSCN-asp displayed bright green fluorescence in both in vitro and in vivo live cells.

Palladium-mediated C–O bond activation of benzopyrone in 4-oxo-4H-chromone-3-carbaldehyde-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazone: synthesis, structure, nucleic acid/albumin interaction, DNA cleavage, antioxidant and cytotoxic studies

Palladium ion-mediated C–O activation at the C2 carbon of the benzopyrone moiety of 3-formylchromone-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazone (HL1–4) has been observed in square-planar palladium(ii) complexes.

Binuclear Ni(II) complexes containing ONS donor Schiff base ligands: Preparation, spectral characterization, X-ray crystallography and biological exploration

Four binuclear Ni(II) complexes [[Ni₂(H-DEAsal-tsc)₂(μ-dppm)]·2Cl (1), [Ni₂(DEAsal-mtsc)₂(μ-dppm)] (2), [Ni₂(DEAsal-etsc)₂(μ-dppm)] (3) and [Ni₂(DEAsal-ptsc)₂(μ-dppm)] (4)] were synthesized from the ligands namely 4(N,N)-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(N)-thiosemicarbazone [H₂-DEAsal-tsc] H₂L¹/4(N,N)-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(N)-methyl thiosemicarbazone [H₂-DEAsal-mtsc] H₂L²/4(N,N)-diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(N)-ethyl thiosemicarbazone [H₂-DEAsal-etsc] H₂L³/4(N,N)diethylaminosalicylaldehyde-4(N)-phenyl thiosemicarbazone [H₂-DEAsal-ptsc] H₂L⁴ and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) and characterized by a number of spectro analytical techniques. The molecular structure of complexes [Ni₂(H-DEAsal-tsc)₂(μ-dppm)]·2Cl (1) and [Ni₂(DEAsal-ptsc)₂(μ-dppm)] (4) have been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The analysis indicated that in complex 1, the ligand [H₂-DEAsal-tsc] coordinated as monobasic tridentate donor through phenolic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and thione sulfur atoms. However, in complex 4, the ligand [H₂-DEAsal-ptsc] behaved as dibasic tridentate donor with thiolate sulfur coordination. Their ability to bind with Calf Thymus Deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were analysed spectrometrically. Intercalative interaction of the complexes with DNA was confirmed by ethidium bromide (EB) displacement studies and DNA viscosity measurements. The interaction mechanism of the complexes with BSA was found as static. In vitro antiproliferative studies of the ligands and complexes in A549 (human lung carcinoma cancer), MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and HeLa (human cervical cancer) cell lines witnessed significant cytotoxic nature of the complexes with low IC₅₀ values (in μM) than the standard metallo-drug cisplatin. Further, the results of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Nitric oxide (NO) release assays supported the effectiveness of the complexes on the above said cancer cells.

Synthesis and spectral characterizations of water soluble Cu(ii) complexes containing N-heterocyclic chelates: cell-proliferation, antioxidant and nucleic acid/serum albumin interactions

Water soluble N-heterocyclic copper(ii) complexes were synthesized, characterized and studied their DNA/protein binding interactions, antioxidation and antiproliferative potentials. The complex 4 found to be better than other complexes.

para metallation of 3-acetyl-chromen-2-one Schiff bases in tetranuclear palladacycles: focus on their biomolecular interaction and in vitro cytotoxicity

Three tetranuclear (1-3) complexes and a mononuclear (4) palladium(ii) complex were synthesized from 3-acetyl-chromen-2-one Schiff base ligands [H₂-3MAC-Rtsc] (where R = H [H₂-3MAC-tsc]; CH₃[H₂-3MAC-mtsc]; C₂H₅[H₂-3MAC-etsc] or C₆H₅[H₂-3MAC-ptsc]) and potassium tetrachloropalladate. Their formation was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Their ability to bind with DNA and albumin was analysed by using absorption and emission titrations. The MTT assay was carried out to analyze the anticancer potential of the ligands and synthesized complexes against HepG2 (human liver cancer) and HT-29 (human colon cancer) cells. In addition, the compounds were less toxic when tested against the human normal keratinocyte cells (HaCaT). Ligands and complexes displayed better cytotoxicity with lower IC₅₀ values than the standard drug cisplatin. Further AO-EB and DAPI staining assays were carried out to detect the mode of cell death induced by the complexes i.e. apoptosis or necrosis. The complex 3 showed better cytotoxicity and was further subjected to flow cytometric analysis. The results suggested that the complex 3 induced apoptotic cell death.

Organoruthenium(II) complexes attenuate stress in Caenorhabditis elegans through regulating antioxidant machinery

The 1:1 stoichiometric reactions of 3-methoxy salicylaldehyde-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazones (H₂L^1-4) with [RuCpCl(PPh₃)₂] was carried out in methanol. The obtained complexes (1-4) were characterized by analytical, IR, absorption and ¹H NMR spectroscopic studies. The structures of ligand [H₂-3MSal-etsc] (H₂L³) and complex [RuCp(Msal-etsc) (PPh₃)] (3), were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The interaction of the ruthenium(II) complexes (1-4) with calfthymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been explored by absorption and emission titration methods. Based on the observations, an intercalative binding mode of DNA has been proposed. The protein binding abilities of the new complexes were monitored by quenching the tryptophan and tyrosine residues of BSA, as model protein. From the studies, it was found that the new ruthenium metallacycles exhibited better affinity than their precursors. The free radical scavenging assay suggests that all complexes effectively scavenged the DPPH radicals as compared to that of standard control ascorbic acid and scavenging activities of complexes are in the order of 4 > 2 > 3 > 1. In addition, ruthenium(II) complexes (2-4) also exhibited an excellent in vivo antioxidant activity as it was able to increase the survival of worms exposed to lethal oxidative and thermal stresses possibly through reducing the intracellular ROS levels. It was interesting to note that complexes 2-4 failed to increase the lifespan of mev-1 mutant worms having shortened lifespan due to the over production of free radicals. This data confirmed that complexes 2-4 conferred stress resistance in C. elegans, but they also require an endogenous detoxification mechanism for doing so. The genetic and reporter gene expression analysis revealed that complexes 2-4 maintained the intracellular redox status and offered stress protection through transactivation of antioxidant defence machinery genes gst-4 and sod-3 which are directly regulated by SKN-1 and DAF-16 transcription factors, respectively. Altogether, our results suggested that complexes 2-4 might play a crucial role in stress modulation and they perhaps exert almost similar effects in higher models, which is an important issue to be validated in future.

A quinoline-based probe for effective and selective sensing of aspartic acid in aqueous medium: in vitro and in vivo live cell imaging

A highly sensitive and selective “on–off–on” chemosensor for aspartic acid in aqueous solution was established. In vitro live cell imaging against MCF 7 cells and in vivo imaging using C. elegans were successfully demonstrated.

3-Acetyl-8-methoxy-2[H]-chromen-2-one derived Schiff bases as potent antiproliferative agents: Insight into the influence of 4(N)-substituents on the in vitro biological activity

A series of 3-acetyl-8-methoxycoumarin appended thiosemicarbazones (1-4) was prepared from the reaction of 3-acetyl-8-methoxycoumarin with 4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazides in a view of ascertaining their biological properties with the change of N-terminal substitution in the thiosemicarbazide moiety. Comprehensive characterization was brought about by various spectral and analytical methods. The molecular structures of all the compounds were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Binding studies with Calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and proteins such as Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Human Serum Albumin (HSA) indicated an intercalative mode of binding with DNA and static quenching mechanism with proteins. The compounds cleaved plasmid DNA (pBR322) and acted well as free radical scavengers. A good spectrum of antimicrobial activity was observed against four bacterial and five fungal pathogens. The compounds exhibited profound antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and A549 (human lung carcinoma) cell lines. Assay on human normal keratinocyte cell line HaCaT showed that the compounds were non-toxic to normal cells.

Cyclometallated ruthenium(ii) complexes with 3-acetyl-2[H]-chromene-2-one derived CNS chelating ligand systems: synthesis, X-ray characterization and biological evaluation

The presented work focuses on the synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-acetylcoumarin Schiff bases and their cyclometallated ruthenium(ii) metallates.

Synthesis, characterisation, crystal structures and biological studies of palladium(ii) complexes containing 5-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2,4-dihydro[1,2,4]triazole-3-thione derivatives

New structurally different palladium(ii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized and evaluated for their cytotoxic nature against human breast cancer cell line (MCF 7) which showed significant activity.

An investigation on 3-acetyl-7-methoxy-coumarin Schiff bases and their Ru(ii) metallates with potent antiproliferative activity and enhanced LDH and NO release

New cyclometallated ruthenium(ii) complexes of 3-acetyl-7-methoxycoumarin-4N-substituted thiosemicarbazones were synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectral techniques.

A Case of Organo-Axial Gastric Volvulus Following Laparoscopic Fundoplication: a Case Report

Organo-axial gastric volvulus is a rare postoperative complication of stomach surgeries. A case is presented in which a 43-year-old patient developed acute gastric volvulus 14 months after a laparoscopic fundoplication, diagnosed by preoperative CT scan, and treated by reduction of the volvulus, closing the gap in the pars flaccida, and a sham gastro-jejunostomy, all done laparoscopically. This is being published to highlight one of the rare complications of gastric surgery, which can be treated successfully with the laparoscope.

Unpredicted formation of copper(ii) complexes containing 2-thiophen-2-yl-1-thiophen-2-ylmethyl-1H-benzoimidazole and their most promising in vitro cytotoxicity in MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines over cisplatin

An in situ reaction of CuCl₂·2H₂O, o-phenylenediamine, thiophene-2-carbaldehyde and sodium azide in methanol afforded complex 1a.

Structurally different mono-, bi- and trinuclear Pd(ii) complexes and their DNA/protein interaction, DNA cleavage, and anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and cytotoxic studies

A series of new structurally different Pd(ii) complexes was obtained by the reactions between K₂[PdCl₄], 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazone [H₂L1–H₂L4] and bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane [dppe].

Morphological and in vitro evaluation of programmed cell death in MCF-7 cells by new organoruthenium(ii) complexes

Cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(ii) thiosemicarbazone complexes with the formula [Ru(η⁵-C₅H₅)(Ac-tsc)PPh₃]·Cl (1), [Ru(η⁵-C₅H₅)(Ac-mtsc)PPh₃]·Cl (2), [Ru(η⁵-C₅H₅)(Ac-etsc)PPh₃]·Cl (3) and [Ru(η⁵-C₅H₅)(Ac-ptsc)PPh₃] (4) were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques (¹H NMR,¹³C NMR, IR and UV-vis).

New binuclear Ni(ii) metallates containing ONS chelators: synthesis, characterisation, DNA binding, DNA cleavage, protein binding, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and in vitro cytotoxicity

Four new binuclear nickel(ii) metallates showed promising antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines and were much less toxic against HaCaT.

Substitutional impact on biological activity of new water soluble Ni(II) complexes: Preparation, spectral characterization, X-ray crystallography, DNA/protein binding, antibacterial activity and in vitro cytotoxicity

A series of new water soluble nickel(II) complexes containing triphenylphosphine and 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde-4(N)-substituted thiosemicarbazones were synthesized and characterized. Crystallographic investigations confirmed the structure of the complexes (1-4) having the general structure [Ni(4-Msal-Rtsc)(PPh₃)] (Where R=H (1); CH₃ (2); C₂H₅ (3); C₆H₅ (4)) which showed that thiosemicarbazone ligands coordinated to nickel(II) ion as ONS tridentate bibasic donor. DNA/BSA protein binding ability of the ligands and their new complexes were studied by taking calf-thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and Bovine serum albumin (BSA) through absorption and emission titrations. Ethidium bromide (EB) displacement study showed the intercalative binding trend of the complexes to DNA. From the albumin binding studies, the mechanism of quenching was found as static and the alterations in the secondary structure of BSA by the compounds were confirmed with synchronous spectral studies. The binding affinity of the complexes to CT-DNA and BSA has the order of [Ni(4-Msal-etsc)(PPh₃)] (3) >[Ni(4-Msal-mtsc)(PPh₃)] (2) >[Ni(4-Msal-tsc)(PPh₃)] (1) >[Ni(4-Msal-ptsc)(PPh₃)] (4). In vitro cytotoxicity of the complexes was tested on human lung cancer cells (A549), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), human liver carcinoma cells (Hep G2). All the complexes exhibited significant activity against three cancer cells. Among them, complex 4 exhibited almost 2.5 fold activity than cisplatin in A549 and HepG2 cell lines. In HeLa cell line, the complexes exhibited significant activity which is less than cisplatin. While comparing the activity of the complexes in A549 and HepG2 cell lines it falls in the order 4>1>2>3>cisplatin. The results obtained from DNA, protein binding and cytotoxicity studies, it is concluded that the cytotoxicity of the complexes as determined by MTT assay were not unduly influenced by the complexes having different binding efficiency with DNA and protein. The complexes exhibited good spectrum of antibacterial activity against four pathogenic bacteria such as E. faecalis (gram +ve), S. aureus (gram +ve), E. coli (gram -ve) and P. aeruginosa (gram -ve).