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Rose H, Jaffey JA, Cammarano K, Ringold R, Turner HD, McArdell K, Sender D, Loftus JP. Serum vitamin D metabolite and acute-phase protein concentrations are frequently abnormal in a cohort of hospitalized dogs and cats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38537373 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.12.0676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations are associated with survival and negatively correlate with acute-phase protein (APP) concentrations in ill dogs and cats admitted to nursing care units. ANIMALS Client-owned dogs (n = 79) and cats (16) admitted to 2 academic veterinary hospital nursing care units. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted between August 12, 2019, and October 26, 2021. A diagnostic laboratory measured 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D, and haptoglobin (HPT) in dogs and cats; C-reactive protein (CRP) in dogs; and serum amyloid A (SAA) in cats. Serum was collected within 12 hours of admission. Illness severity (acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation [APPLEfast]) scores and survival data were recorded. RESULTS Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were in the deficient range for 22 of 79 dogs and 2 of 16 cats. There were no associations between serum analyte concentrations (25[OH]D, 1,25[OH]2D, and APP) or APPLEfast score and survival in dogs or cats. In dogs, HPT was negatively correlated with 25(OH)D (P = .002; r = -0.34) and 1,25(OH)2D (P = .012; r = -0.28), while CRP was positively correlated with HPT (P = .001; r = 0.32) and APPLEfast score (P = .014; r = 0.16). In cats, 1,25(OH)2D was negatively correlated with APPLEfast scores (P = .055; r = -0.49) and SAA was positively correlated with HPT (P = .002; r = 0.73). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum 25(OH)D or 1,25(OH)2D was not associated with survival in our hospitalized patient population. Relationships between APP and serum vitamin D metabolites with APPLEfast scores in cats warrant further investigation as illness severity biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Rose
- 1Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- 2Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Kellie Cammarano
- 1Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
| | - Randy Ringold
- 3Veterinary Diagnostics Institute Laboratory LLC, Chatsworth, CA
| | - Hailey D Turner
- 2Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Kara McArdell
- 2Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - David Sender
- 2Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - John P Loftus
- 1Loftus Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY
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Ullal TV, Jaffey JA, Kreisler R, Matheson J, Pacholec C, Shumway K, Van den Bossche L, Fieten H, Ringold R, DeClue AE. Increasing age and severe intraoperative hypotension associated with nonsurvival in dogs with gallbladder mucocele undergoing cholecystectomy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1-9. [PMID: 37669748 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.06.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify prognostic indicators and inflammatory markers associated with nonsurvival in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles (GBMs) following cholecystectomy and to evaluate C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin concentrations in dogs with GBMs compared to healthy controls. ANIMALS 25 dogs that underwent cholecystectomy for removal of GBM and 20 healthy control dogs. METHODS A prospective, multicenter cohort study. Survival outcomes to hospital discharge and 2 weeks postdischarge were recorded from medical records. Laboratory variables, inflammatory markers (CRP and haptoglobin), and 25-hydroxyvitamin(OH) D (25[OH]D) concentrations were measured preoperatively. Associations between signalment, clinicopathologic variables, acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEFAST) scores, inflammatory markers, 25(OH)D concentration, and survival were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS 76% (19/25) and 68% (17/25) of dogs survived to hospital discharge and 2 weeks postdischarge, respectively. For each additional year of age, the odds of nonsurvival in hospital and 2 weeks postdischarge increased by 2.2 (P = .01; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.0) and 1.7 (P = .04; 95% CI, 1.0 to 3.2), respectively. Intraoperative systolic blood pressure ≤ 65 mm Hg increased the probability of nonsurvival in hospital (P < .04). Gallbladder perforation, APPLEFAST scores, and preoperative serum concentrations of CRP, haptoglobin, and 25(OH)D were not associated with survival. Serum CRP and haptoglobin concentrations were greater in dogs with GBM compared to controls (P < .001). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Increasing age and intraoperative systolic blood pressure ≤ 65 mm Hg were associated with nonsurvival in dogs with GBM undergoing cholecystectomy. Serum CRP, haptoglobin, and 25(OH)D were not associated with nonsurvival postcholecystectomy in this sample population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarini V Ullal
- 1Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- 2Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Rachael Kreisler
- 3Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - Jodi Matheson
- 4Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Christina Pacholec
- 4Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | - Lindsay Van den Bossche
- 6Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- 6Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Amy E DeClue
- 8Fetch Specialty and Emergency Centers, Greenville, SC
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3
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Hernandez B, Jaffey JA, Cohn LA, Backus RC, KuKanich K, Hanzlicek AS, Parker VJ, White ME, Ringold R, Westerback E, Freilich L, Bolch C. Evaluation of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin as biomarkers in dogs newly diagnosed with histoplasmosis. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:476-483. [PMID: 36748822 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin (OH)D, C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin are useful biomarkers in various infectious diseases and inflammatory disorders in dogs, but their utility in histoplasmosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE Determine if serum 25(OH)D, CRP, and haptoglobin concentrations are different in dogs with histoplasmosis compared to healthy controls and whether serum globulin, albumin, CRP, or haptoglobin are associated with 25(OH)D concentration. ANIMALS Twenty-two client-owned dogs (histoplasmosis, n = 12; controls, n = 10). METHODS Prospective case-control study. Dogs with histoplasmosis were categorized as pulmonary, disseminated, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Serum 25(OH)D was measured using modified high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Serum CRP and haptoglobin were measured with ELISA assays. RESULTS Dogs with histoplasmosis were grouped as disseminated (n = 8) and GI tract (n = 4). No dogs had pulmonary tract involvement alone. Dogs with histoplasmosis (median, interquartile range [IQR]; 11.6 ng/mL, 16.8) had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than controls (35.7 ng/mL, 17.6; P < .001). Serum CRP and haptoglobin concentrations were higher in dogs with histoplasmosis (CRP: median, IQR; 63.5 mg/L, 37.1 and haptoglobin: 459.7 mg/dL, 419.6) than controls (CRP: 1.9 mg/L, 2; P < .001 and haptoglobin: 85.5 mg/dL, 106.7; P = .003). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with fold change in serum albumin concentration (ρ = 0.77; P < .001), and negatively associated with fold change in serum globulin (ρ = -0.61; P = .003) and CRP concentrations (ρ = -0.56; P = .01). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Assay of serum 25(OH)D, CRP, and haptoglobin could have clinical value in dogs with histoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Hernandez
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah A Cohn
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert C Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Kate KuKanich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Andrew S Hanzlicek
- MiraVista Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Valerie J Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mary E White
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Emily Westerback
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Leah Freilich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Charlotte Bolch
- Department of Research and Sponsored Programs, Midwestern University, College of Graduate Studies, Glendale, Arizona, USA
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Jaffey JA, Matheson J, Shumway K, Pacholec C, Ullal T, Van den Bossche L, Fieten H, Ringold R, Lee JK, DeClue AE. Correction: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258411. [PMID: 34606510 PMCID: PMC8489702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Love EK, Leibman NF, Ringold R, Lamb K. Serum haptoglobin concentrations in feline inflammatory bowel disease and small-cell alimentary lymphoma: a potential biomarker for feline chronic enteropathies. J Feline Med Surg 2021; 23:959-964. [PMID: 33541236 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x21991448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate serum haptoglobin as a biomarker to differentiate between small-cell alimentary lymphoma and inflammatory bowel disease in cats. METHODS Client-owned domestic cats with and without chronic gastrointestinal signs were enrolled in the study. Serum was collected from each patient and serum haptoglobin levels were measured using ELISA. In cats with gastrointestinal signs, histopathologic evaluation of endoscopic biopsies harvested from the intestinal tract was used to separate them into inflammatory bowel disease and small-cell lymphoma cohorts. Serum haptoglobin levels were statistically analyzed and compared among the three groups: healthy cats; cats with inflammatory bowel disease; and cats with small-cell alimentary lymphoma. RESULTS Sixty-two cats were enrolled in the study, including 20 clinically normal cats, 14 cats with small-cell alimentary lymphoma and 28 cats with inflammatory bowel disease. The mean ± SD serum haptoglobin was 73.2 ± 39.1 mg/dl in normal cats, 115.3 ± 72.8 mg/dl in cats with inflammatory bowel disease and 133.1 ± 86.1 mg/dl in cats with small-cell alimentary lymphoma. Cats with inflammatory bowel disease and lymphoma had significantly higher serum haptoglobin than controls, with P values of 0.0382 and 0.0138, respectively. There was no statistical difference between the inflammatory bowel disease and lymphoma cohorts (P = 0.4235). For every one unit increase in serum haptoglobin, the odds of gastrointestinal inflammatory disease (inflammatory bowel disease or small-cell alimentary lymphoma) increased by 1.41% (P = 0.0165). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Serum haptoglobin is a useful biomarker for distinguishing between normal cats and those with gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, but it could not significantly differentiate between inflammatory bowel disease and lymphoma. Additional studies may be beneficial in determining the prognostic significance of serum haptoglobin as it may relate to the severity of gastrointestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina K Love
- The Cancer Institute, Animal Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth Lamb
- Lamb Statistical Consulting, West St Paul, MN, USA
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6
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Jaffey JA, Matheson J, Shumway K, Pacholec C, Ullal T, Van den Bossche L, Fieten H, Ringold R, Lee KJ, DeClue AE. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs with gallbladder mucocele. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244102. [PMID: 33326487 PMCID: PMC7743984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder mucocele (GBM) is a common biliary disorder in dogs. Gallbladder hypokinesia has been proposed to contribute to its formation and progression. The specific cause of gallbladder stasis in dogs with GBM as well as viable treatment options to resolve dysmotility remains unknown. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the many potential causes of gallbladder hypokinesia in humans and repletion results in complete resolution of stasis. Improving our understanding of the relationship between serum vitamin D and GBM could help identify dogs as a model for humans with gallbladder hypokinesia. Furthermore, this relationship could provide insight into the pathogenesis of GBM and support the need for future studies to investigate vitamin D as a novel treatment target. Therefore, goals of this study were i) to determine if serum 25-hydroxyvitamin(OH)D concentrations were decreased in dogs with GBM, ii) if serum 25(OH)D concentrations were different in clinical versus dogs subclinical for GBM, and iii) to determine if serum 25(OH)D concentrations could predict the ultrasonographic type of GBM. Sixty-two dogs (clinical, n = 26; subclinical, n = 36) with GBM and 20 healthy control dogs were included in this prospective observational study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Overall, dogs with GBM had lower serum 25(OH)D concentrations than control dogs (P = 0.004). Subsequent subgroup analysis indicated that this difference was only significant in the subclinical group compared to the control dogs (P = 0.008), and serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not significantly differ between dogs clinical for GBM versus subclinical or control dogs, indicating that inflammatory state in clinical dogs was not the major constituent of the observed findings. Decreasing serum 25(OH)D concentrations, but not clinical status, was associated with a more advanced developmental stage of GBM type determined by ultrasonography. Our results indicate that vitamin D has a role in dogs with GBM. Additional studies are needed to assess if reduced vitamin D in dogs with GBM is a cause or effect of their biliary disease and to investigate if vitamin D supplementation could be beneficial for dogs with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A. Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jodi Matheson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kate Shumway
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Christina Pacholec
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Tarini Ullal
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Van den Bossche
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hille Fieten
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Randy Ringold
- VDI Laboratory, LLC, Simi Valley, California, United States of America
| | - Keun Jung Lee
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Amy E. DeClue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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7
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Jaffey JA, Lappin MR, Ringold R, Kreisler R, Bradley-Siemens N, Hawley J, Sun A, Blakeman C, Mayer N. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and infectious respiratory disease complex in shelter dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 35:472-479. [PMID: 33319408 PMCID: PMC7848350 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypovitaminosis D is a risk factor for the development of respiratory infections in humans and repletion can be protective. Objectives Determine if serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin (OH)D concentrations are lower in shelter dogs and if 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with clinical signs of canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) or with time in the shelter. Animals One hundred forty‐six shelter dogs (clinically ill n = 36, apparently healthy n = 110) and 23 nonshelter control dogs. Methods Prospective cohort study. Shelter dogs were grouped as clinically ill or apparently healthy based on the presence or absence, respectively, of clinical signs associated with CIRDC. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured with a competitive chemiluminesence immunoassay. Nucleic acids of agents associated with the CIRDC were amplified by polymerase chain reaction assays. Results The concentration of 25(OH)D was 7.3 ng/mL (4.5‐9.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]) lower in dogs with signs of CIRDC than apparently healthy shelter dogs (t(142) = 2.0, P = .04). Dogs positive for DNA of canine herpesvirus (CHV)‐1 had serum 25(OH)D concentrations 14.9 ng/mL (−3.7 to 29.6, 95% CI) lower than dogs that were negative (t(137) = 2.0, P = .04). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in shelter dogs were not different from control dogs (t(45) = −1.4, P = .17). Serum 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with duration of time in the shelter (F(1, 140) = 1.7, P = .2, R2 = 0.01). Conclusion and Clinical Importance Vitamin D could have a role in acute respiratory tract infections in shelter dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Michael R Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Rachael Kreisler
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Nancy Bradley-Siemens
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jennifer Hawley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew Sun
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Cody Blakeman
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Nancy Mayer
- Maricopa County Animal Care & Control, Mesa, Arizona, USA
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de Bruyn M, Ringold R, Martens E, Ferrante M, Van Assche G, Opdenakker G, Dukler A, Vermeire S. The Ulcerative Colitis Response Index for Detection of Mucosal Healing in Patients Treated With Anti-tumour Necrosis Factor. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:176-184. [PMID: 31628842 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surrogate markers that accurately detect mucosal healing [MH] in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] are urgently needed. Several stool neutrophil-related proteins are currently used as biomarkers for MH. However, the sensitivity and specificity are not sufficient to avoid unnecessary endoscopic evaluations. METHODS Novel serum neutrophil-related markers (neutrophil gelatinase B-associated lipocalin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 [NGAL-MMP-9 complex], cathelicidin LL-37 and chitinase 3-like 1 [CHI3L1]), together with C-reactive protein [CRP] and neutrophil counts were studied. Serum samples were obtained from 176 anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF]-treated UC patients (145 infliximab [IFX] and 31 adalimumab [ADM]) at baseline and after a median of 9.5 weeks. All patients had active disease prior to treatment (Mayo endoscopic subscore [MES] ≥ 2), and MH was defined as MES ≤ 1. Serum was also obtained from 75 healthy controls. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to generate the Ulcerative Colitis Response Index [UCRI]. The performance of individual markers and UCRI was tested with receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS All neutrophil-related markers were significantly higher in active UC patients compared to healthy controls. In the IFX cohort, CRP, NGAL-MMP-9, CHI3L1 and neutrophil count decreased significantly after treatment and all marker levels were significantly lower in healers compared to non-healers following IFX. In the ADM cohort, CRP, NGAL-MMP-9, CHI3L1 and neutrophil count decreased significantly only in healers. UCRI [including CRP, CHI3L1, neutrophil count and LL-37] accurately detected MH in both IFX-treated (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.83) and ADM-treated [AUC = 0.79] patients. CONCLUSIONS The new UCRI index accurately detects MH after treatment with IFX and ADM. This panel is useful for monitoring MH in UC patients under anti-TNF treatment. PODCAST This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali de Bruyn
- Translational Research Centre for GastroIntestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Randy Ringold
- Kepler Diagnostics, Inc., Simi Valley, California, USA
| | - Erik Martens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- Translational Research Centre for GastroIntestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- Translational Research Centre for GastroIntestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Séverine Vermeire
- Translational Research Centre for GastroIntestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
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Selting KA, Ringold R, Husbands B, Pithua PO. Thymidine Kinase Type 1 and C-Reactive Protein Concentrations in Dogs with Spontaneously Occurring Cancer. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1159-66. [PMID: 27214230 PMCID: PMC5089580 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum thymidine kinase type 1 (TK1) and canine C‐Reactive Protein (cCRP) might be useful in detecting dogs with cancer. Algorithms combining biomarkers are sometimes more accurate than results of individual tests. Objectives The aim of this study was to compare serum TK1 and cCRP and Neoplasia Index (NI) in healthy and tumor‐bearing dogs. Animals Client‐owned dogs with (n = 253) and without (n = 156) cancer. Methods Retrospective case–control study. Dogs with cancer were identified after submission of samples for commercial assay and case details were retrospectively collected. Healthy dogs (control) were identified through breed groups and health status was confirmed by health questionnaire for a minimum of 6 months. Serum TK1 activity was measured using a quantitative chemiluminescent assay and serum cCRP was measured using a quantitative ELISA assay. Results TK1 activity in the cancer (n = 253) and control group (n = 156) were 7.0 μ/L (median, range <0.5 to >100) and 1.8 μ/L (median, range 0.4 to 55.3), respectively (P < .001). cCRP concentrations in the cancer and control group were 6.0 mg/L (median, range <0.5 to >50) and 1.6 mg/L (median, range 0.09 to >50), respectively (P < .001). The NI in the cancer and control group were 6.4 (median, range 0–9.9) and 0.9 (median, range 0–7.6), respectively (P < .001). ROC AUCs of the NI and TK1 for all cancers were greater than 0.8, highest for lymphoma and histiocytic sarcoma. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Increased concentrations of TK1 and cCRP, when present in dogs with cancer, might be useful in confirming a diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Selting
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - R Ringold
- Veterinary Diagnostic Institute, Inc., Simi Valley, CA
| | - B Husbands
- BluePearl Veterinary Partners, Eden Prarie, MN
| | - P O Pithua
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is linked to many disease states including rickets and cancer, and vitD supplementation to improve response to cancer therapy has been explored. Supplementation may be most appropriate for dogs with suboptimal vitD concentrations. In dogs, the primary source of vitD is diet (predominantly via commercial dog food). Our goal was to determine how food source and supplements affect 25(OH)D concentrations, the storage form of vitD. Serum was collected from clinically healthy dogs, and pet owners were surveyed about food source and supplements. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using a quantitative chemiluminescent assay (LIASON, DiaSorin, Stillwater, MN). RESULTS Dogs (n = 320) were tested for serum 25(OH)D concentrations (range 9.5-249.2 ng/mL). Dogs were fed commercial diets from forty different manufactures (n = 292); additionally some dogs were fed homemade diets (n = 18) or a combination of commercial and homemade diets (n = 10). Median serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs fed commercial foods ranged from 47.4 to 100.1 ng/mL with an overall median of 67.9 ng/ml (CV 29%). Analysis for differences among manufacturers was significant (P = 0.0006). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations amongst dogs fed homemade diets had the largest range (9.5-129 ng/mL) and the lowest value (9.5 ng/mL). Dogs receiving salmon oil as a supplement (n = 22) had significantly higher serum 25(OH)D (on average a 19.6 ng/mL increase) than those not receiving a supplement (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs vary widely which likely reflects varying dietary vitD content. Notable differences exist among manufacturers and brands and may reflect differences in proprietary formulations. Given the variability of measured serum 25(OH)D concentrations in dogs and the importance vitD appears to have on health status, dietary vitD content should be optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire R Sharp
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA.
| | - Kim A Selting
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Randy Ringold
- Veterinary Diagnostics Institute, Simi Valley, CA, 93063, USA.
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Selting KA, Sharp CR, Ringold R, Thamm DH, Backus R. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in dogs – correlation with health and cancer risk. Vet Comp Oncol 2014; 14:295-305. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Selting
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
| | - C. R. Sharp
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University North Grafton MA USA
| | - R. Ringold
- Veterinary Diagnostics Institute Simi Valley CA USA
| | - D. H. Thamm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Animal Cancer Center Colorado State University Fort Collins CO USA
| | - R. Backus
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital University of Missouri Columbia MO USA
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12
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Selting KA, Sharp CR, Ringold R, Knouse J. Serum thymidine kinase 1 and C-reactive protein as biomarkers for screening clinically healthy dogs for occult disease. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:373-84. [PMID: 23859156 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thymidine kinase (TK1) is a biomarker that correlates well with diagnosis and prognosis in certain canine cancers. Canine C-reactive protein (cCRP) is a widely accepted marker of inflammation correlated with increased risk and severity of various diseases. We evaluated serum TK1 and cCRP concentrations in apparently healthy dogs (n = 360). All dogs were followed up for a minimum of 6 months by health questionnaire. All dogs with cancer were identified using a proprietary dual-biomarker algorithm [termed Neoplasia Index (NI)]. Specificity of positive NI is 0.91 and high positive is 0.98. All-cause mortality was 20% in dogs with elevated cCRP and 3% in dogs with low cCRP. The performance of serum TK1 and cCRP as tools for screening for occult cancer is improved when evaluated together. Serum TK1 and cCRP (unified in the NI) are useful in the screening of occult canine cancer. cCRP is useful in screening for other serious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Selting
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - C R Sharp
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - R Ringold
- Veterinary Diagnostics Institute, Simi Valley, CA, USA
| | - J Knouse
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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