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Ezzo R, Winawer J, Carrasco M, Rokers B. Asymmetries in the discrimination of motion direction around the visual field. J Vis 2023; 23:19. [PMID: 36995280 PMCID: PMC10068874 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The discriminability of motion direction is asymmetric, with some motion directions that are better discriminated than others. For example, discrimination of directions near the cardinal axes (upward/downward/leftward/rightward) tends to be better than oblique directions. Here, we tested discriminability for multiple motion directions at multiple polar angle locations. We found three systematic asymmetries. First, we found a large cardinal advantage in a cartesian reference frame - better discriminability for motion near cardinal reference directions than oblique directions. Second, we found a moderate cardinal advantage in a polar reference frame - better discriminability for motion near radial (inward/outward) and tangential (clockwise/counterclockwise) reference directions than other directions. Third, we found a small advantage for discriminating motion near radial compared to tangential reference directions. The three advantages combine in an approximately linear manner, and together predict variation in motion discrimination as a function of both motion direction and location around the visual field. For example, best performance is found for radial motion on the horizontal and vertical meridians, as these directions encompass all three advantages, whereas poorest performance is found for oblique motion stimuli located on the horizontal and vertical meridians, as these directions encompass all three disadvantages. Our results constrain models of motion perception and suggest that reference frames at multiple stages of the visual processing hierarchy limit performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ezzo
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- NYUAD Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Jonathan Winawer
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa Carrasco
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bas Rokers
- Department of Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- NYUAD Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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Ezzo R, Winawer J, Carrasco M, Rokers B. Motion discrimination around the visual field. J Vis 2022. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.22.14.3433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ezzo
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, United States
- Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jonathan Winawer
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Marisa Carrasco
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, United States
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
| | - Bas Rokers
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, United States
- Psychology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, United States
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3
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Henderson SK, Dev SI, Ezzo R, Quimby M, Wong B, Brickhouse M, Hochberg D, Touroutoglou A, Dickerson BC, Cordella C, Collins JA. A category-selective semantic memory deficit for animate objects in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab210. [PMID: 34622208 PMCID: PMC8493104 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Data are mixed on whether patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia exhibit a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects. Moreover, there is little consensus regarding the neural substrates of this category-selective semantic deficit, though prior literature has suggested that the perirhinal cortex and the lateral posterior fusiform gyrus may support semantic memory functions important for processing animate objects. In this study, we investigated whether patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia exhibited a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects in a word-picture matching task, controlling for psycholinguistic features of the stimuli, including frequency, familiarity, typicality and age of acquisition. We investigated the neural bases of this category selectivity by examining its relationship with cortical atrophy in two primary regions of interest: bilateral perirhinal cortex and lateral posterior fusiform gyri. We analysed data from 20 patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia (mean age = 64 years, S.D. = 6.94). For each participant, we calculated an animacy index score to denote the magnitude of the category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects. Multivariate regression analysis revealed a main effect of animacy (β = 0.52, t = 4.03, P < 0.001) even after including all psycholinguistic variables in the model, such that animate objects were less likely to be identified correctly relative to inanimate objects. Inspection of each individual patient's data indicated the presence of a disproportionate impairment in animate objects in most patients. A linear regression analysis revealed a relationship between the right perirhinal cortex thickness and animacy index scores (β = -0.57, t = -2.74, P = 0.015) such that patients who were more disproportionally impaired for animate relative to inanimate objects exhibited thinner right perirhinal cortex. A vertex-wise general linear model analysis restricted to the temporal lobes revealed additional associations between positive animacy index scores (i.e. a disproportionately poorer performance on animate objects) and cortical atrophy in the right perirhinal and entorhinal cortex, superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri, and the anterior fusiform gyrus, as well as the left anterior fusiform gyrus. Taken together, our results indicate that a category-selective semantic deficit for animate objects is a characteristic feature of semantic variant primary progressive aphasia that is detectable in most individuals. Our imaging findings provide further support for the role of the right perirhinal cortex and other temporal lobe regions in the semantic processing of animate objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom K Henderson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheena I Dev
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Brickhouse
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daisy Hochberg
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Touroutoglou
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Claire Cordella
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Frontotemporal Disorders Unit and Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Guzhang Y, Shelchkova N, Ezzo R, Poletti M. Transient perceptual enhancements resulting from selective shifts of exogenous attention in the central fovea. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2698-2703.e2. [PMID: 33930304 PMCID: PMC8763350 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Exogenous attention, a powerful adaptive tool that quickly and involuntarily orients processing resources to salient stimuli, has traditionally been studied in the lower-resolution parafoveal and peripheral visual field.1-4 It is not known whether and how it operates across the 1° central fovea where visual resolution peaks.5,6 Here we investigated the dynamics of exogenous attention in the foveola. To circumvent the challenges posed by fixational eye movements at this scale, we used high-precision eye-tracking and gaze-contingent display control for retinal stabilization.7 High-acuity stimuli were briefly presented foveally at varying delays following an exogenous cue. Attended and unattended locations were just a few arcminutes away from the preferred locus of fixation. Our results show that for short temporal delays, observers' ability to discriminate fine detail is enhanced at the cued location. This enhancement is highly localized and does not extend to the nearby locations only 16' away. On a longer timescale, instead, we report an inverse effect: paradoxically, acuity is sharper at the unattended locations, resembling the phenomenon of inhibition of return at much larger eccentricities.8-10 Although exogenous attention represents a mechanism for low-cost monitoring of the environment in the extrafoveal space, these findings show that, in the foveola, it transiently modulates vision of detail with a high degree of resolution. Together with inhibition of return, it may aid visual exploration of complex foveal stimuli.11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guzhang
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Natalya Shelchkova
- Program in Computational Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Poletti
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Miller HE, Cordella C, Collins JA, Ezzo R, Quimby M, Hochberg D, Tourville JA, Dickerson BC, Guenther FH. Neural substrates of verbal repetition deficits in primary progressive aphasia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab015. [PMID: 33748756 PMCID: PMC7955979 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between cortical thickness and performance on several verbal repetition tasks in a cohort of patients with primary progressive aphasia in order to test predictions generated by theoretical accounts of phonological working memory that predict phonological content buffers in left posterior inferior frontal sulcus and supramarginal gyrus. Cortical surfaces were reconstructed from magnetic resonance imaging scans from 42 participants diagnosed with primary progressive aphasia. Cortical thickness was measured in a set of anatomical regions spanning the entire cerebral cortex. Correlation analyses were performed between cortical thickness and average score across three phonological working memory-related tasks: the Repetition sub-test from the Western Aphasia Battery, a forward digit span task, and a backward digit span task. Significant correlations were found between average working memory score across tasks and cortical thickness in left supramarginal gyrus and left posterior inferior frontal sulcus, in support of prior theoretical accounts of phonological working memory. Exploratory whole-brain correlation analyses performed for each of the three behavioural tasks individually revealed a distinct set of positively correlated regions for each task. Comparison of cortical thickness measures from different primary progressive aphasia sub-types to cortical thickness in age-matched controls further revealed unique patterns of atrophy in the different subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary E Miller
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Claire Cordella
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jessica A Collins
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Megan Quimby
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Daisy Hochberg
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jason A Tourville
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradford C Dickerson
- Department of Neurology, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Frank H Guenther
- Department of Speech, Language, & Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Flaherty R, Ezzo R, Collins JA, Krivensky S, Eckbo R, Vemuri P, Borowski BJ, Iaccarino L, La Joie R, Lesman‐Segev OH, Bourakova V, Eloyan A, Aisen PS, Fagan A, Foroud TM, Gatsonis C, Jack CR, Kramer JH, Koeppe RA, Saykin AJ, Toga AW, Day GS, Graff‐Radford NR, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu JC, Mendez MF, Onyike CU, Rogalski EJ, Salloway SP, Wolk DA, Wingo TS, Carrillo MC, Apostolova LG, Rabinovici GD, Dickerson BC. Increased white matter MRI T1 hypointensity volume in young‐onset Alzheimer’s disease patients is not accounted for by age or cardiovascular risk factors. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.045577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | | | | | - Ryan Eckbo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Charlestown MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul S. Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Joel H. Kramer
- UMemory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Atlanta GA USA
| | | | | | - Gil D. Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
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Henderson SK, Cordella C, Dev SI, Quimby M, Wong B, Ezzo R, Collins JA, Dickerson BC. Category‐selective semantic deficit for living things in semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.043958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bonnie Wong
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
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Collins JA, Ezzo R, Vemuri P, Borowski BJ, Iaccarino L, Joie R, Lesman‐Segev OH, Bourakova V, Eloyan A, Aisen PS, Fagan AM, Foroud TM, Gatsonis C, Jack CR, Kramer JH, Koeppe RA, Saykin AJ, Toga AW, Day GS, Graff‐Radford NR, Honig LS, Jones DT, Masdeu JC, Mendez MF, Onyike CU, Rogalski EJ, Salloway SP, Wolk DA, Wingo TS, Carrillo MC, Apostolova LG, Rabinovici GD, Dickerson BC. Neurodegeneration in the Longitudinal Evaluation of Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Study (LEADS) sample: Results from the MRI core. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.046338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rania Ezzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
| | | | | | | | - Renaud Joie
- Memory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul S Aisen
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute University of Southern California San Diego CA USA
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel H. Kramer
- UMemory and Aging Center UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences University of California, San Francisco San Francisco CA USA
| | | | | | - Arthur W. Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A. Wolk
- Penn Memory Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Thomas S. Wingo
- Emory Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Atlanta GA USA
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Ezzo R, Cordella C, Dickerson BC, Collins JA. Cortical atrophy signatures and machine learning MR‐based classification of primary progressive aphasia variants. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.046317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ezzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA USA
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Zhang Y, Shelchkova N, Ezzo R, Poletti M. Exogenous Attention and Inhibition of Return in the Foveola. J Vis 2020. [DOI: 10.1167/jov.20.11.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Gallée J, Collins J, Cordella C, Ezzo R, Kim S, Dickerson B, Quimby M. Quantifying the Differentiated Trajectory of the Wernicke’s-like Presentation of Logopenic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia (lvPPA). Front Hum Neurosci 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2019.01.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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