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Ochoa-Rios S, Grauzam SE, Gregory R, Angel PM, Drake RR, Helke KL, Mehta AS. Spatial Omics Reveals that Cancer-Associated Glycan Changes Occur Early in Liver Disease Development in a Western Diet Mouse Model of MASLD. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:786-796. [PMID: 38206822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a progressive disease and comprises different stages of liver damage; it is significantly associated with obese and overweight patients. Untreated MASLD can progress to life-threatening end-stage conditions, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. N-Linked glycosylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications in the cell surface and secreted proteins. N-Linked glycan alterations have been established to be signatures of liver diseases. However, the N-linked glycan changes during the progression of MASLD to liver cancer are still unknown. Here, we induced different stages of MASLD in mice and liver-cancer-related phenotypes and elucidated the N-glycome profile during the progression of MASLD by quantitative and qualitative profiling in situ using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Importantly, we identified specific N-glycan structures including fucosylated and highly branched N-linked glycans at very early stages of liver injury (steatosis), which in humans are associated with cancer development, establishing the importance of these modifications with disease progression. Finally, we report that N-linked glycan alterations can be observed in our models by MALDI-IMS before liver injury is identified by histological analysis. Overall, we propose these findings as promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of liver injury in MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaaron Ochoa-Rios
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Stéphane Elie Grauzam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Rebecca Gregory
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Kristi L Helke
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, United States
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Abstract
Guided by family communication patterns theory and terror management theory this mixed-methods investigation explored how parents (N = 112) of young children (ages 3-6) described the way they would discuss death when it comes up in conversations. Responses were coded inductively, resulting in four themes: explanations that death is inevitable, explanations that death is in the distance, the use of religion to frame discussions of death, and finally, discussing afterlife connections to deceased family members. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate whether parents' conformity or conversation orientations were associated with the frequency with which parents discussed death with their child and the content of parent vignette responses. Quantitative analysis revealed parents' conversation orientations were associated with the frequency with which they discussed death with their child and conformity orientations were associated with parents' use of religion and discussing afterlife connections to deceased family members in their responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Su-Russell
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Luke T Russell
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Ashley E Ermer
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Csilla Greiner
- Department of Family Science and Human Development, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA
| | - Rebecca Gregory
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
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Raman B, McCracken C, Cassar MP, Moss AJ, Finnigan L, Samat AHA, Ogbole G, Tunnicliffe EM, Alfaro-Almagro F, Menke R, Xie C, Gleeson F, Lukaschuk E, Lamlum H, McGlynn K, Popescu IA, Sanders ZB, Saunders LC, Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, Nikolaidou C, Rahman NM, Ho LP, Harris VC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Pfeffer P, Manisty C, Kon OM, Beggs M, O'Regan DP, Fuld J, Weir-McCall JR, Parekh D, Steeds R, Poinasamy K, Cuthbertson DJ, Kemp GJ, Semple MG, Horsley A, Miller CA, O'Brien C, Shah AM, Chiribiri A, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Houchen-Wolloff L, Greening NJ, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Marks M, Hurst JR, Jones MG, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Howard LS, Jacob J, Man WDC, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Heaney LG, Harrison EM, Kerr S, Docherty AB, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Zheng B, Jenkins RG, Cox E, Francis S, Halling-Brown M, Chalmers JD, Greenwood JP, Plein S, Hughes PJC, Thompson AAR, Rowland-Jones SL, Wild JM, Kelly M, Treibel TA, Bandula S, Aul R, Miller K, Jezzard P, Smith S, Nichols TE, McCann GP, Evans RA, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Neubauer S, Baillie JK, Shaw A, Hairsine B, Kurasz C, Henson H, Armstrong L, Shenton L, Dobson H, Dell A, Lucey A, Price A, Storrie A, Pennington C, Price C, Mallison G, Willis G, Nassa H, Haworth J, Hoare M, Hawkings N, Fairbairn S, Young S, Walker S, Jarrold I, Sanderson A, David C, Chong-James K, Zongo O, James WY, Martineau A, King B, Armour C, McAulay D, Major E, McGinness J, McGarvey L, Magee N, Stone R, Drain S, Craig T, Bolger A, Haggar A, Lloyd A, Subbe C, Menzies D, Southern D, McIvor E, Roberts K, Manley R, Whitehead V, Saxon W, Bularga A, Mills NL, El-Taweel H, Dawson J, Robinson L, Saralaya D, Regan K, Storton K, Brear L, Amoils S, Bermperi A, Elmer A, Ribeiro C, Cruz I, Taylor J, Worsley J, Dempsey K, Watson L, Jose S, Marciniak S, Parkes M, McQueen A, Oliver C, Williams J, Paradowski K, Broad L, Knibbs L, Haynes M, Sabit R, Milligan L, Sampson C, Hancock A, Evenden C, Lynch C, Hancock K, Roche L, Rees M, Stroud N, Thomas-Woods T, Heller S, Robertson E, Young B, Wassall H, Babores M, Holland M, Keenan N, Shashaa S, Price C, Beranova E, Ramos H, Weston H, Deery J, Austin L, Solly R, Turney S, Cosier T, Hazelton T, Ralser M, Wilson A, Pearce L, Pugmire S, Stoker W, McCormick W, Dewar A, Arbane G, Kaltsakas G, Kerslake H, Rossdale J, Bisnauthsing K, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Martinez LM, Ostermann M, Magtoto MM, Hart N, Marino P, Betts S, Solano TS, Arias AM, Prabhu A, Reed A, Wrey Brown C, Griffin D, Bevan E, Martin J, Owen J, Alvarez Corral M, Williams N, Payne S, Storrar W, Layton A, Lawson C, Mills C, Featherstone J, Stephenson L, Burdett T, Ellis Y, Richards A, Wright C, Sykes DL, Brindle K, Drury K, Holdsworth L, Crooks MG, Atkin P, Flockton R, Thackray-Nocera S, Mohamed A, Taylor A, Perkins E, Ross G, McGuinness H, Tench H, Phipps J, Loosley R, Wolf-Roberts R, Coetzee S, Omar Z, Ross A, Card B, Carr C, King C, Wood C, Copeland D, Calvelo E, Chilvers ER, Russell E, Gordon H, Nunag JL, Schronce J, March K, Samuel K, Burden L, Evison L, McLeavey L, Orriss-Dib L, Tarusan L, Mariveles M, Roy M, Mohamed N, Simpson N, Yasmin N, Cullinan P, Daly P, Haq S, Moriera S, Fayzan T, Munawar U, Nwanguma U, Lingford-Hughes A, Altmann D, Johnston D, Mitchell J, Valabhji J, Price L, Molyneaux PL, Thwaites RS, Walsh S, Frankel A, Lightstone L, Wilkins M, Willicombe M, McAdoo S, Touyz R, Guerdette AM, Warwick K, Hewitt M, Reddy R, White S, McMahon A, Hoare A, Knighton A, Ramos A, Te A, Jolley CJ, Speranza F, Assefa-Kebede H, Peralta I, Breeze J, Shevket K, Powell N, Adeyemi O, Dulawan P, Adrego R, Byrne S, Patale S, Hayday A, Malim M, Pariante C, Sharpe C, Whitney J, Bramham K, Ismail K, Wessely S, Nicholson T, Ashworth A, Humphries A, Tan AL, Whittam B, Coupland C, Favager C, Peckham D, Wade E, Saalmink G, Clarke J, Glossop J, Murira J, Rangeley J, Woods J, Hall L, Dalton M, Window N, Beirne P, Hardy T, Coakley G, Turtle L, Berridge A, Cross A, Key AL, Rowe A, Allt AM, Mears C, Malein F, Madzamba G, Hardwick HE, Earley J, Hawkes J, Pratt J, Wyles J, Tripp KA, Hainey K, Allerton L, Lavelle-Langham L, Melling L, Wajero LO, Poll L, Noonan MJ, French N, Lewis-Burke N, Williams-Howard SA, Cooper S, Kaprowska S, Dobson SL, Marsh S, Highett V, Shaw V, Beadsworth M, Defres S, Watson E, Tiongson GF, Papineni P, Gurram S, Diwanji SN, Quaid S, Briggs A, Hastie C, Rogers N, Stensel D, Bishop L, McIvor K, Rivera-Ortega P, Al-Sheklly B, Avram C, Faluyi D, Blaikely J, Piper Hanley K, Radhakrishnan K, Buch M, Hanley NA, Odell N, Osbourne R, Stockdale S, Felton T, Gorsuch T, Hussell T, Kausar Z, Kabir T, McAllister-Williams H, Paddick S, Burn D, Ayoub A, Greenhalgh A, Sayer A, Young A, Price D, Burns G, MacGowan G, Fisher H, Tedd H, Simpson J, Jiwa K, Witham M, Hogarth P, West S, Wright S, McMahon MJ, Neill P, Dougherty A, Morrow A, Anderson D, Grieve D, Bayes H, Fallon K, Mangion K, Gilmour L, Basu N, Sykes R, Berry C, McInnes IB, Donaldson A, Sage EK, Barrett F, Welsh B, Bell M, Quigley J, Leitch K, Macliver L, Patel M, Hamil R, Deans A, Furniss J, Clohisey S, Elliott A, Solstice AR, Deas C, Tee C, Connell D, Sutherland D, George J, Mohammed S, Bunker J, Holmes K, Dipper A, Morley A, Arnold D, Adamali H, Welch H, Morrison L, Stadon L, Maskell N, Barratt S, Dunn S, Waterson S, Jayaraman B, Light T, Selby N, Hosseini A, Shaw K, Almeida P, Needham R, Thomas AK, Matthews L, Gupta A, Nikolaidis A, Dupont C, Bonnington J, Chrystal M, Greenhaff PL, Linford S, Prosper S, Jang W, Alamoudi A, Bloss A, Megson C, Nicoll D, Fraser E, Pacpaco E, Conneh F, Ogg G, McShane H, Koychev I, Chen J, Pimm J, Ainsworth M, Pavlides M, Sharpe M, Havinden-Williams M, Petousi N, Talbot N, Carter P, Kurupati P, Dong T, Peng Y, Burns A, Kanellakis N, Korszun A, Connolly B, Busby J, Peto T, Patel B, Nolan CM, Cristiano D, Walsh JA, Liyanage K, Gummadi M, Dormand N, Polgar O, George P, Barker RE, Patel S, Price L, Gibbons M, Matila D, Jarvis H, Lim L, Olaosebikan O, Ahmad S, Brill S, Mandal S, Laing C, Michael A, Reddy A, Johnson C, Baxendale H, Parfrey H, Mackie J, Newman J, Pack J, Parmar J, Paques K, Garner L, Harvey A, Summersgill C, Holgate D, Hardy E, Oxton J, Pendlebury J, McMorrow L, Mairs N, Majeed N, Dark P, Ugwuoke R, Knight S, Whittaker S, Strong-Sheldrake S, Matimba-Mupaya W, Chowienczyk P, Pattenadk D, Hurditch E, Chan F, Carborn H, Foot H, Bagshaw J, Hockridge J, Sidebottom J, Lee JH, Birchall K, Turner K, Haslam L, Holt L, Milner L, Begum M, Marshall M, Steele N, Tinker N, Ravencroft P, Butcher R, Misra S, Walker S, Coburn Z, Fairman A, Ford A, Holbourn A, Howell A, Lawrie A, Lye A, Mbuyisa A, Zawia A, Holroyd-Hind B, Thamu B, Clark C, Jarman C, Norman C, Roddis C, Foote D, Lee E, Ilyas F, Stephens G, Newell H, Turton H, Macharia I, Wilson I, Cole J, McNeill J, Meiring J, Rodger J, Watson J, Chapman K, Harrington K, Chetham L, Hesselden L, Nwafor L, Dixon M, Plowright M, Wade P, Gregory R, Lenagh R, Stimpson R, Megson S, Newman T, Cheng Y, Goodwin C, Heeley C, Sissons D, Sowter D, Gregory H, Wynter I, Hutchinson J, Kirk J, Bennett K, Slack K, Allsop L, Holloway L, Flynn M, Gill M, Greatorex M, Holmes M, Buckley P, Shelton S, Turner S, Sewell TA, Whitworth V, Lovegrove W, Tomlinson J, Warburton L, Painter S, Vickers C, Redwood D, Tilley J, Palmer S, Wainwright T, Breen G, Hotopf M, Dunleavy A, Teixeira J, Ali M, Mencias M, Msimanga N, Siddique S, Samakomva T, Tavoukjian V, Forton D, Ahmed R, Cook A, Thaivalappil F, Connor L, Rees T, McNarry M, Williams N, McCormick J, McIntosh J, Vere J, Coulding M, Kilroy S, Turner V, Butt AT, Savill H, Fraile E, Ugoji J, Landers G, Lota H, Portukhay S, Nasseri M, Daniels A, Hormis A, Ingham J, Zeidan L, Osborne L, Chablani M, Banerjee A, David A, Pakzad A, Rangelov B, Williams B, Denneny E, Willoughby J, Xu M, Mehta P, Batterham R, Bell R, Aslani S, Lilaonitkul W, Checkley A, Bang D, Basire D, Lomas D, Wall E, Plant H, Roy K, Heightman M, Lipman M, Merida Morillas M, Ahwireng N, Chambers RC, Jastrub R, Logan S, Hillman T, Botkai A, Casey A, Neal A, Newton-Cox A, Cooper B, Atkin C, McGee C, Welch C, Wilson D, Sapey E, Qureshi H, Hazeldine J, Lord JM, Nyaboko J, Short J, Stockley J, Dasgin J, Draxlbauer K, Isaacs K, Mcgee K, Yip KP, Ratcliffe L, Bates M, Ventura M, Ahmad Haider N, Gautam N, Baggott R, Holden S, Madathil S, Walder S, Yasmin S, Hiwot T, Jackson T, Soulsby T, Kamwa V, Peterkin Z, Suleiman Z, Chaudhuri N, Wheeler H, Djukanovic R, Samuel R, Sass T, Wallis T, Marshall B, Childs C, Marouzet E, Harvey M, Fletcher S, Dickens C, Beckett P, Nanda U, Daynes E, Charalambou A, Yousuf AJ, Lea A, Prickett A, Gooptu B, Hargadon B, Bourne C, Christie C, Edwardson C, Lee D, Baldry E, Stringer E, Woodhead F, Mills G, Arnold H, Aung H, Qureshi IN, Finch J, Skeemer J, Hadley K, Khunti K, Carr L, Ingram L, Aljaroof M, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldwin M, Bourne M, Pareek M, Soares M, Tobin M, Armstrong N, Brunskill N, Goodman N, Cairns P, Haldar P, McCourt P, Dowling R, Russell R, Diver S, Edwards S, Glover S, Parker S, Siddiqui S, Ward TJC, Mcnally T, Thornton T, Yates T, Ibrahim W, Monteiro W, Thickett D, Wilkinson D, Broome M, McArdle P, Upthegrove R, Wraith D, Langenberg C, Summers C, Bullmore E, Heeney JL, Schwaeble W, Sudlow CL, Adeloye D, Newby DE, Rudan I, Shankar-Hari M, Thorpe M, Pius R, Walmsley S, McGovern A, Ballard C, Allan L, Dennis J, Cavanagh J, Petrie J, O'Donnell K, Spears M, Sattar N, MacDonald S, Guthrie E, Henderson M, Guillen Guio B, Zhao B, Lawson C, Overton C, Taylor C, Tong C, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Turner E, Pearl JE, Sargant J, Wormleighton J, Bingham M, Sharma M, Steiner M, Samani N, Novotny P, Free R, Allen RJ, Finney S, Terry S, Brugha T, Plekhanova T, McArdle A, Vinson B, Spencer LG, Reynolds W, Ashworth M, Deakin B, Chinoy H, Abel K, Harvie M, Stanel S, Rostron A, Coleman C, Baguley D, Hufton E, Khan F, Hall I, Stewart I, Fabbri L, Wright L, Kitterick P, Morriss R, Johnson S, Bates A, Antoniades C, Clark D, Bhui K, Channon KM, Motohashi K, Sigfrid L, Husain M, Webster M, Fu X, Li X, Kingham L, Klenerman P, Miiler K, Carson G, Simons G, Huneke N, Calder PC, Baldwin D, Bain S, Lasserson D, Daines L, Bright E, Stern M, Crisp P, Dharmagunawardena R, Reddington A, Wight A, Bailey L, Ashish A, Robinson E, Cooper J, Broadley A, Turnbull A, Brookes C, Sarginson C, Ionita D, Redfearn H, Elliott K, Barman L, Griffiths L, Guy Z, Gill R, Nathu R, Harris E, Moss P, Finnigan J, Saunders K, Saunders P, Kon S, Kon SS, O'Brien L, Shah K, Shah P, Richardson E, Brown V, Brown M, Brown J, Brown J, Brown A, Brown A, Brown M, Choudhury N, Jones S, Jones H, Jones L, Jones I, Jones G, Jones H, Jones D, Davies F, Davies E, Davies K, Davies G, Davies GA, Howard K, Porter J, Rowland J, Rowland A, Scott K, Singh S, Singh C, Thomas S, Thomas C, Lewis V, Lewis J, Lewis D, Harrison P, Francis C, Francis R, Hughes RA, Hughes J, Hughes AD, Thompson T, Kelly S, Smith D, Smith N, Smith A, Smith J, Smith L, Smith S, Evans T, Evans RI, Evans D, Evans R, Evans H, Evans J. Multiorgan MRI findings after hospitalisation with COVID-19 in the UK (C-MORE): a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study. Lancet Respir Med 2023; 11:1003-1019. [PMID: 37748493 PMCID: PMC7615263 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. METHODS In a prospective, UK-wide, multicentre MRI follow-up study (C-MORE), adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital following COVID-19 who were included in Tier 2 of the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) and contemporary controls with no evidence of previous COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody negative) underwent multiorgan MRI (lungs, heart, brain, liver, and kidneys) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of images and clinical adjudication when relevant. Individuals with end-stage renal failure or contraindications to MRI were excluded. Participants also underwent detailed recording of symptoms, and physiological and biochemical tests. The primary outcome was the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities (two or more organs) relative to controls, with further adjustments for potential confounders. The C-MORE study is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04510025. FINDINGS Of 2710 participants in Tier 2 of PHOSP-COVID, 531 were recruited across 13 UK-wide C-MORE sites. After exclusions, 259 C-MORE patients (mean age 57 years [SD 12]; 158 [61%] male and 101 [39%] female) who were discharged from hospital with PCR-confirmed or clinically diagnosed COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and Nov 1, 2021, and 52 non-COVID-19 controls from the community (mean age 49 years [SD 14]; 30 [58%] male and 22 [42%] female) were included in the analysis. Patients were assessed at a median of 5·0 months (IQR 4·2-6·3) after hospital discharge. Compared with non-COVID-19 controls, patients were older, living with more obesity, and had more comorbidities. Multiorgan abnormalities on MRI were more frequent in patients than in controls (157 [61%] of 259 vs 14 [27%] of 52; p<0·0001) and independently associated with COVID-19 status (odds ratio [OR] 2·9 [95% CI 1·5-5·8]; padjusted=0·0023) after adjusting for relevant confounders. Compared with controls, patients were more likely to have MRI evidence of lung abnormalities (p=0·0001; parenchymal abnormalities), brain abnormalities (p<0·0001; more white matter hyperintensities and regional brain volume reduction), and kidney abnormalities (p=0·014; lower medullary T1 and loss of corticomedullary differentiation), whereas cardiac and liver MRI abnormalities were similar between patients and controls. Patients with multiorgan abnormalities were older (difference in mean age 7 years [95% CI 4-10]; mean age of 59·8 years [SD 11·7] with multiorgan abnormalities vs mean age of 52·8 years [11·9] without multiorgan abnormalities; p<0·0001), more likely to have three or more comorbidities (OR 2·47 [1·32-4·82]; padjusted=0·0059), and more likely to have a more severe acute infection (acute CRP >5mg/L, OR 3·55 [1·23-11·88]; padjusted=0·025) than those without multiorgan abnormalities. Presence of lung MRI abnormalities was associated with a two-fold higher risk of chest tightness, and multiorgan MRI abnormalities were associated with severe and very severe persistent physical and mental health impairment (PHOSP-COVID symptom clusters) after hospitalisation. INTERPRETATION After hospitalisation for COVID-19, people are at risk of multiorgan abnormalities in the medium term. Our findings emphasise the need for proactive multidisciplinary care pathways, with the potential for imaging to guide surveillance frequency and therapeutic stratification. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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Taprogge J, Abreu C, Yusuf S, Ainsworth G, Phillip RH, Gear JI, Gregory R, Leek F, Murray I, Coulson AB, Brown SR, Du Y, Newbold K, Wadsley J, Flux GD. The Role of Pretherapy Quantitative Imaging and Dosimetry in Radioiodine Therapy for Advanced Thyroid Cancer. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1125-1130. [PMID: 37116914 PMCID: PMC10315692 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radioactive iodine is well established as a successful treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), although around 15% of patients have local recurrence or develop distant metastases and may become refractory to radioactive iodine (RAI). A personalized approach to treatment, based on the absorbed radiation doses delivered and using treatments to enhance RAI uptake, has not yet been developed. Methods: We performed a multicenter clinical trial to investigate the role of selumetinib, which modulates the expression of the sodium iodide symporter, and hence iodine uptake, in the treatment of RAI-refractory DTC. The iodine uptake before and after selumetinib was quantified to assess the effect of selumetinib. The range of absorbed doses delivered to metastatic disease was calculated from pre- and posttherapy imaging, and the predictive accuracy of a theranostic approach to enable personalized treatment planning was investigated. Results: Significant inter- and intrapatient variability was observed with respect to the uptake of RAI and the effect of selumetinib. The absorbed doses delivered to metastatic lesions ranged from less than 1 Gy to 1,170 Gy. A strong positive correlation was found between the absorbed doses predicted from pretherapy imaging and those measured after therapy (r = 0.93, P < 0.001). Conclusion: The variation in outcomes from RAI therapy of DTC may be explained, among other factors, by the range of absorbed doses delivered. The ability to assess the effect of treatments that modulate RAI uptake, and to estimate the absorbed doses at therapy, introduces the potential for patient stratification using a theranostic approach. Patient-specific absorbed dose planning might be the key to more successful treatment of advanced DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Taprogge
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom;
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Abreu
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siraj Yusuf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Ainsworth
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel H Phillip
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan I Gear
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Gregory
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Leek
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Murray
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy B Coulson
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R Brown
- Clinical Trials Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Clinical Trials Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Newbold
- Thyroid Unit, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom; and
| | - Jonathan Wadsley
- Department of Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Glenn D Flux
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
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Bunn JR, Fancher CM, Payzant EA, Cornwell PA, Bailey WB, Gregory R. The high intensity diffractometer for residual stress analysis (HIDRA), a third generation residual stress mapping neutron diffractometer at the high flux isotope reactor. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:035101. [PMID: 37012766 DOI: 10.1063/5.0122250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the hardware and software upgrades, operation, and performance of the high intensity diffractometer for residual stress analysis (HIDRA) instrument, a residual stress mapping neutron diffractometer located at the High Flux Isotope Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge Tennessee, USA. Following a major upgrade in 2018, the new instrument has a single 3He multiwire 2D 30 × 30 cm2 position sensitive detector, yielding a field of view of 17° 2θ. The increase in the field of view (from 4° 2θ) from the previous model instrument has contributed to the tremendous improvement in the out of plane solid angle such that the 3D count rate could be obtained easily. Accordingly, the hardware, software, Data Acquisition System (DAS), and so on have also been updated. Finally, all these enhanced features of HIDRA have been ably demonstrated by conducting multi directional diffraction measurements in the quenched 750-T74 aluminum, and the evolved and improved strain/stress mappings are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Bunn
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C M Fancher
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - E A Payzant
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P A Cornwell
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - W B Bailey
- Research Reactor Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - R Gregory
- Neutron Technologies Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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Evans RA, Leavy OC, Richardson M, Elneima O, McAuley HJC, Shikotra A, Singapuri A, Sereno M, Saunders RM, Harris VC, Houchen-Wolloff L, Aul R, Beirne P, Bolton CE, Brown JS, Choudhury G, Diar-Bakerly N, Easom N, Echevarria C, Fuld J, Hart N, Hurst J, Jones MG, Parekh D, Pfeffer P, Rahman NM, Rowland-Jones SL, Shah AM, Wootton DG, Chalder T, Davies MJ, De Soyza A, Geddes JR, Greenhalf W, Greening NJ, Heaney LG, Heller S, Howard LS, Jacob J, Jenkins RG, Lord JM, Man WDC, McCann GP, Neubauer S, Openshaw PJM, Porter JC, Rowland MJ, Scott JT, Semple MG, Singh SJ, Thomas DC, Toshner M, Lewis KE, Thwaites RS, Briggs A, Docherty AB, Kerr S, Lone NI, Quint J, Sheikh A, Thorpe M, Zheng B, Chalmers JD, Ho LP, Horsley A, Marks M, Poinasamy K, Raman B, Harrison EM, Wain LV, Brightling CE, Abel K, Adamali H, Adeloye D, Adeyemi O, Adrego R, Aguilar Jimenez LA, Ahmad S, Ahmad Haider N, Ahmed R, Ahwireng N, Ainsworth M, Al-Sheklly B, Alamoudi A, Ali M, Aljaroof M, All AM, Allan L, Allen RJ, Allerton L, Allsop L, Almeida P, Altmann D, Alvarez Corral M, Amoils S, Anderson D, Antoniades C, Arbane G, Arias A, Armour C, Armstrong L, Armstrong N, Arnold D, Arnold H, Ashish A, Ashworth A, Ashworth M, Aslani S, Assefa-Kebede H, Atkin C, Atkin P, Aung H, Austin L, Avram C, Ayoub A, Babores M, Baggott R, Bagshaw J, Baguley D, Bailey L, Baillie JK, Bain S, Bakali M, Bakau M, Baldry E, Baldwin D, Ballard C, Banerjee A, Bang B, Barker RE, Barman L, Barratt S, Barrett F, Basire D, Basu N, Bates M, Bates A, Batterham R, Baxendale H, Bayes H, Beadsworth M, Beckett P, Beggs M, Begum M, Bell D, Bell R, Bennett K, Beranova E, Bermperi A, Berridge A, Berry C, Betts S, Bevan E, Bhui K, Bingham M, Birchall K, Bishop L, Bisnauthsing K, Blaikely J, Bloss A, Bolger A, Bonnington J, Botkai A, Bourne C, Bourne M, Bramham K, Brear L, Breen G, Breeze J, Bright E, Brill S, Brindle K, Broad L, Broadley A, Brookes C, Broome M, Brown A, Brown A, Brown J, Brown J, Brown M, Brown M, Brown V, Brugha T, Brunskill N, Buch M, Buckley P, Bularga A, Bullmore E, Burden L, Burdett T, Burn D, Burns G, Burns A, Busby J, Butcher R, Butt A, Byrne S, Cairns P, Calder PC, Calvelo E, Carborn H, Card B, Carr C, Carr L, Carson G, Carter P, Casey A, Cassar M, Cavanagh J, Chablani M, Chambers RC, Chan F, Channon KM, Chapman K, Charalambou A, Chaudhuri N, Checkley A, Chen J, Cheng Y, Chetham L, Childs C, Chilvers ER, Chinoy H, Chiribiri A, Chong-James K, Choudhury N, Chowienczyk P, Christie C, Chrystal M, Clark D, Clark C, Clarke J, Clohisey S, Coakley G, Coburn Z, Coetzee S, Cole J, Coleman C, Conneh F, Connell D, Connolly B, Connor L, Cook A, Cooper B, Cooper J, Cooper S, Copeland D, Cosier T, Coulding M, Coupland C, Cox E, Craig T, Crisp P, Cristiano D, Crooks MG, Cross A, Cruz I, Cullinan P, Cuthbertson D, Daines L, Dalton M, Daly P, Daniels A, Dark P, Dasgin J, David A, David C, Davies E, Davies F, Davies G, Davies GA, Davies K, Dawson J, Daynes E, Deakin B, Deans A, Deas C, Deery J, Defres S, Dell A, Dempsey K, Denneny E, Dennis J, Dewar A, Dharmagunawardena R, Dickens C, Dipper A, Diver S, Diwanji SN, Dixon M, Djukanovic R, Dobson H, Dobson SL, Donaldson A, Dong T, Dormand N, Dougherty A, Dowling R, Drain S, Draxlbauer K, Drury K, Dulawan P, Dunleavy A, Dunn S, Earley J, Edwards S, Edwardson C, El-Taweel H, Elliott A, Elliott K, Ellis Y, Elmer A, Evans D, Evans H, Evans J, Evans R, Evans RI, Evans T, Evenden C, Evison L, Fabbri L, Fairbairn S, Fairman A, Fallon K, Faluyi D, Favager C, Fayzan T, Featherstone J, Felton T, Finch J, Finney S, Finnigan J, Finnigan L, Fisher H, Fletcher S, Flockton R, Flynn M, Foot H, Foote D, Ford A, Forton D, Fraile E, Francis C, Francis R, Francis S, Frankel A, Fraser E, Free R, French N, Fu X, Furniss J, Garner L, Gautam N, George J, George P, Gibbons M, Gill M, Gilmour L, Gleeson F, Glossop J, Glover S, Goodman N, Goodwin C, Gooptu B, Gordon H, Gorsuch T, Greatorex M, Greenhaff PL, Greenhalgh A, Greenwood J, Gregory H, Gregory R, Grieve D, Griffin D, Griffiths L, Guerdette AM, Guillen Guio B, Gummadi M, Gupta A, Gurram S, Guthrie E, Guy Z, H Henson H, Hadley K, Haggar A, Hainey K, Hairsine B, Haldar P, Hall I, Hall L, Halling-Brown M, Hamil R, Hancock A, Hancock K, Hanley NA, Haq S, Hardwick HE, Hardy E, Hardy T, Hargadon B, Harrington K, Harris E, Harrison P, Harvey A, Harvey M, Harvie M, Haslam L, Havinden-Williams M, Hawkes J, Hawkings N, Haworth J, Hayday A, Haynes M, Hazeldine J, Hazelton T, Heeley C, Heeney JL, Heightman M, Henderson M, Hesselden L, Hewitt M, Highett V, Hillman T, Hiwot T, Hoare A, Hoare M, Hockridge J, Hogarth P, Holbourn A, Holden S, Holdsworth L, Holgate D, Holland M, Holloway L, Holmes K, Holmes M, Holroyd-Hind B, Holt L, Hormis A, Hosseini A, Hotopf M, Howard K, Howell A, Hufton E, Hughes AD, Hughes J, Hughes R, Humphries A, Huneke N, Hurditch E, Husain M, Hussell T, Hutchinson J, Ibrahim W, Ilyas F, Ingham J, Ingram L, Ionita D, Isaacs K, Ismail K, Jackson T, James WY, Jarman C, Jarrold I, Jarvis H, Jastrub R, Jayaraman B, Jezzard P, Jiwa K, Johnson C, Johnson S, Johnston D, Jolley CJ, Jones D, Jones G, Jones H, Jones H, Jones I, Jones L, Jones S, Jose S, Kabir T, Kaltsakas G, Kamwa V, Kanellakis N, Kaprowska S, Kausar Z, Keenan N, Kelly S, Kemp G, Kerslake H, Key AL, Khan F, Khunti K, Kilroy S, King B, King C, Kingham L, Kirk J, Kitterick P, Klenerman P, Knibbs L, Knight S, Knighton A, Kon O, Kon S, Kon SS, Koprowska S, Korszun A, Koychev I, Kurasz C, Kurupati P, Laing C, Lamlum H, Landers G, Langenberg C, Lasserson D, Lavelle-Langham L, Lawrie A, Lawson C, Lawson C, Layton A, Lea A, Lee D, Lee JH, Lee E, Leitch K, Lenagh R, Lewis D, Lewis J, Lewis V, Lewis-Burke N, Li X, Light T, Lightstone L, Lilaonitkul W, Lim L, Linford S, Lingford-Hughes A, Lipman M, Liyanage K, Lloyd A, Logan S, Lomas D, Loosley R, Lota H, Lovegrove W, Lucey A, Lukaschuk E, Lye A, Lynch C, MacDonald S, MacGowan G, Macharia I, Mackie J, Macliver L, Madathil S, Madzamba G, Magee N, Magtoto MM, Mairs N, Majeed N, Major E, Malein F, Malim M, Mallison G, Mandal S, Mangion K, Manisty C, Manley R, March K, Marciniak S, Marino P, Mariveles M, Marouzet E, Marsh S, Marshall B, Marshall M, Martin J, Martineau A, Martinez LM, Maskell N, Matila D, Matimba-Mupaya W, Matthews L, Mbuyisa A, McAdoo S, Weir McCall J, McAllister-Williams H, McArdle A, McArdle P, McAulay D, McCormick J, McCormick W, McCourt P, McGarvey L, McGee C, Mcgee K, McGinness J, McGlynn K, McGovern A, McGuinness H, McInnes IB, McIntosh J, McIvor E, McIvor K, McLeavey L, McMahon A, McMahon MJ, McMorrow L, Mcnally T, McNarry M, McNeill J, McQueen A, McShane H, Mears C, Megson C, Megson S, Mehta P, Meiring J, Melling L, Mencias M, Menzies D, Merida Morillas M, Michael A, Milligan L, Miller C, Mills C, Mills NL, Milner L, Misra S, Mitchell J, Mohamed A, Mohamed N, Mohammed S, Molyneaux PL, Monteiro W, Moriera S, Morley A, Morrison L, Morriss R, Morrow A, Moss AJ, Moss P, Motohashi K, Msimanga N, Mukaetova-Ladinska E, Munawar U, Murira J, Nanda U, Nassa H, Nasseri M, Neal A, Needham R, Neill P, Newell H, Newman T, Newton-Cox A, Nicholson T, Nicoll D, Nolan CM, Noonan MJ, Norman C, Novotny P, Nunag J, Nwafor L, Nwanguma U, Nyaboko J, O'Donnell K, O'Brien C, O'Brien L, O'Regan D, Odell N, Ogg G, Olaosebikan O, Oliver C, Omar Z, Orriss-Dib L, Osborne L, Osbourne R, Ostermann M, Overton C, Owen J, Oxton J, Pack J, Pacpaco E, Paddick S, Painter S, Pakzad A, Palmer S, Papineni P, Paques K, Paradowski K, Pareek M, Parfrey H, Pariante C, Parker S, Parkes M, Parmar J, Patale S, Patel B, Patel M, Patel S, Pattenadk D, Pavlides M, Payne S, Pearce L, Pearl JE, Peckham D, Pendlebury J, Peng Y, Pennington C, Peralta I, Perkins E, Peterkin Z, Peto T, Petousi N, Petrie J, Phipps J, Pimm J, Piper Hanley K, Pius R, Plant H, Plein S, Plekhanova T, Plowright M, Polgar O, Poll L, Porter J, Portukhay S, Powell N, Prabhu A, Pratt J, Price A, Price C, Price C, Price D, Price L, Price L, Prickett A, Propescu J, Pugmire S, Quaid S, Quigley J, Qureshi H, Qureshi IN, Radhakrishnan K, Ralser M, Ramos A, Ramos H, Rangeley J, Rangelov B, Ratcliffe L, Ravencroft P, Reddington A, Reddy R, Redfearn H, Redwood D, Reed A, Rees M, Rees T, Regan K, Reynolds W, Ribeiro C, Richards A, Richardson E, Rivera-Ortega P, Roberts K, Robertson E, Robinson E, Robinson L, Roche L, Roddis C, Rodger J, Ross A, Ross G, Rossdale J, Rostron A, Rowe A, Rowland A, Rowland J, Roy K, Roy M, Rudan I, Russell R, Russell E, Saalmink G, Sabit R, Sage EK, Samakomva T, Samani N, Sampson C, Samuel K, Samuel R, Sanderson A, Sapey E, Saralaya D, Sargant J, Sarginson C, Sass T, Sattar N, Saunders K, Saunders P, Saunders LC, Savill H, Saxon W, Sayer A, Schronce J, Schwaeble W, Scott K, Selby N, Sewell TA, Shah K, Shah P, Shankar-Hari M, Sharma M, Sharpe C, Sharpe M, Shashaa S, Shaw A, Shaw K, Shaw V, Shelton S, Shenton L, Shevket K, Short J, Siddique S, Siddiqui S, Sidebottom J, Sigfrid L, Simons G, Simpson J, Simpson N, Singh C, Singh S, Sissons D, Skeemer J, Slack K, Smith A, Smith D, Smith S, Smith J, Smith L, Soares M, Solano TS, Solly R, Solstice AR, Soulsby T, Southern D, Sowter D, Spears M, Spencer LG, Speranza F, Stadon L, Stanel S, Steele N, Steiner M, Stensel D, Stephens G, Stephenson L, Stern M, Stewart I, Stimpson R, Stockdale S, Stockley J, Stoker W, Stone R, Storrar W, Storrie A, Storton K, Stringer E, Strong-Sheldrake S, Stroud N, Subbe C, Sudlow CL, Suleiman Z, Summers C, Summersgill C, Sutherland D, Sykes DL, Sykes R, Talbot N, Tan AL, Tarusan L, Tavoukjian V, Taylor A, Taylor C, Taylor J, Te A, Tedd H, Tee CJ, Teixeira J, Tench H, Terry S, Thackray-Nocera S, Thaivalappil F, Thamu B, Thickett D, Thomas C, Thomas S, Thomas AK, Thomas-Woods T, Thompson T, Thompson AAR, Thornton T, Tilley J, Tinker N, Tiongson GF, Tobin M, Tomlinson J, Tong C, Touyz R, Tripp KA, Tunnicliffe E, Turnbull A, Turner E, Turner S, Turner V, Turner K, Turney S, Turtle L, Turton H, Ugoji J, Ugwuoke R, Upthegrove R, Valabhji J, Ventura M, Vere J, Vickers C, Vinson B, Wade E, Wade P, Wainwright T, Wajero LO, Walder S, Walker S, Walker S, Wall E, Wallis T, Walmsley S, Walsh JA, Walsh S, Warburton L, Ward TJC, Warwick K, Wassall H, Waterson S, Watson E, Watson L, Watson J, Welch C, Welch H, Welsh B, Wessely S, West S, Weston H, Wheeler H, White S, Whitehead V, Whitney J, Whittaker S, Whittam B, Whitworth V, Wight A, Wild J, Wilkins M, Wilkinson D, Williams N, Williams N, Williams J, Williams-Howard SA, Willicombe M, Willis G, Willoughby J, Wilson A, Wilson D, Wilson I, Window N, Witham M, Wolf-Roberts R, Wood C, Woodhead F, Woods J, Wormleighton J, Worsley J, Wraith D, Wrey Brown C, Wright C, Wright L, Wright S, Wyles J, Wynter I, Xu M, Yasmin N, Yasmin S, Yates T, Yip KP, Young B, Young S, Young A, Yousuf AJ, Zawia A, Zeidan L, Zhao B, Zongo O. Clinical characteristics with inflammation profiling of long COVID and association with 1-year recovery following hospitalisation in the UK: a prospective observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10:761-775. [PMID: 35472304 PMCID: PMC9034855 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective pharmacological or non-pharmacological interventions exist for patients with long COVID. We aimed to describe recovery 1 year after hospital discharge for COVID-19, identify factors associated with patient-perceived recovery, and identify potential therapeutic targets by describing the underlying inflammatory profiles of the previously described recovery clusters at 5 months after hospital discharge. METHODS The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID-19 across the UK. Recovery was assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance, and organ function at 5 months and 1 year after hospital discharge, and stratified by both patient-perceived recovery and recovery cluster. Hierarchical logistic regression modelling was performed for patient-perceived recovery at 1 year. Cluster analysis was done using the clustering large applications k-medoids approach using clinical outcomes at 5 months. Inflammatory protein profiling was analysed from plasma at the 5-month visit. This study is registered on the ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN10980107, and recruitment is ongoing. FINDINGS 2320 participants discharged from hospital between March 7, 2020, and April 18, 2021, were assessed at 5 months after discharge and 807 (32·7%) participants completed both the 5-month and 1-year visits. 279 (35·6%) of these 807 patients were women and 505 (64·4%) were men, with a mean age of 58·7 (SD 12·5) years, and 224 (27·8%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation (WHO class 7-9). The proportion of patients reporting full recovery was unchanged between 5 months (501 [25·5%] of 1965) and 1 year (232 [28·9%] of 804). Factors associated with being less likely to report full recovery at 1 year were female sex (odds ratio 0·68 [95% CI 0·46-0·99]), obesity (0·50 [0·34-0·74]) and invasive mechanical ventilation (0·42 [0·23-0·76]). Cluster analysis (n=1636) corroborated the previously reported four clusters: very severe, severe, moderate with cognitive impairment, and mild, relating to the severity of physical health, mental health, and cognitive impairment at 5 months. We found increased inflammatory mediators of tissue damage and repair in both the very severe and the moderate with cognitive impairment clusters compared with the mild cluster, including IL-6 concentration, which was increased in both comparisons (n=626 participants). We found a substantial deficit in median EQ-5D-5L utility index from before COVID-19 (retrospective assessment; 0·88 [IQR 0·74-1·00]), at 5 months (0·74 [0·64-0·88]) to 1 year (0·75 [0·62-0·88]), with minimal improvements across all outcome measures at 1 year after discharge in the whole cohort and within each of the four clusters. INTERPRETATION The sequelae of a hospital admission with COVID-19 were substantial 1 year after discharge across a range of health domains, with the minority in our cohort feeling fully recovered. Patient-perceived health-related quality of life was reduced at 1 year compared with before hospital admission. Systematic inflammation and obesity are potential treatable traits that warrant further investigation in clinical trials. FUNDING UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
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Flux G, Murray I, Rushforth D, Gape P, Abreu C, Lee M, Ribeiro A, Gregory R, Chittenden S, Thurston J, Du Y, Gear J. SOLLID - a single centre study to develop methods to investigate the effects of low radiation doses within nuclear medicine, to enable multicentre epidemiological investigations. Br J Radiol 2021; 94:20200072. [PMID: 32903035 PMCID: PMC8011250 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is continuing debate concerning the risks of secondary malignancies from low levels of radiation exposure. The current model used for radiation protection is predicated on the assumption that even very low levels of exposure may entail risk. This has profound implications for medical procedures involving ionising radiation as radiation doses must be carefully monitored, and for diagnostic procedures are minimised as far as possible. This incurs considerable expense. The SOLLID study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03580161) aims to develop the methodology to enable a large-scale epidemiological investigation of the effect of radiopharmaceutical administrations to patients undergoing diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures. Patients will undergo a series of scans in addition to that acquired as standard of care to enable the radiation doses delivered to healthy organs to be accurately calculated. Detailed analysis will be performed to determine the uncertainty in the radiation dose calculations as a function of the number and type of scans acquired. It is intended that this will inform a subsequent long-term multicentre epidemiological study that would address the question definitively. Secondary aims of the study are to evaluate the range of absorbed doses that are delivered from diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures and to use current risk models to ascertain the relative risks from these administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Flux
- Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Murray
- Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Rushforth
- Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Gape
- Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Abreu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Lee
- Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Ribeiro
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Chittenden
- Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Jim Thurston
- Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Gear
- Department of Physics, Royal Marsden Hospital, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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Craig AJ, Rojas B, Wevrett JL, Hamer E, Fenwick A, Gregory R. IPEM topical report: current molecular radiotherapy service provision and guidance on the implications of setting up a dosimetry service. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:245038. [PMID: 33142274 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abc707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growth in molecular radiotherapy treatment (MRT) and an increase in interest, centres still rarely perform MRT dosimetry. The aims of this report were to assess the main reasons why centres are not performing MRT dosimetry and provide advice on the resources required to set-up such a service. A survey based in the United Kingdom was developed to establish how many centres provide an MRT dosimetry service and the main reasons why it is not commonly performed. Twenty-eight per cent of the centres who responded to the survey performed some form of dosimetry, with 88% of those centres performing internal dosimetry. The survey showed that a 'lack of clinical evidence', a 'lack of guidelines' and 'not current UK practice' were the largest obstacles to setting up an MRT dosimetry service. More practical considerations, such as 'lack of software' and 'lack of staff training/expertise', were considered to be of lower significance by the respondents. Following on from the survey, this report gives an overview of the current guidelines, and the evidence available demonstrating the benefits of performing MRT dosimetry. The resources required to perform such techniques are detailed with reference to guidelines, training resources and currently available software. It is hoped that the information presented in this report will allow MRT dosimetry to be performed more frequently and in more centres, both in routine clinical practice and in multicentre trials. Such trials are required to harmonise dosimetry techniques between centres, build on the current evidence base, and provide the data necessary to establish the dose-response relationship for MRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Craig
- Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHSFT, Sutton, United Kingdom. The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Scott J, Gregory R, Campbell L, Scullin P. A retrospective review of single agent immunotherapy (IO) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): the Northern Ireland perspective. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brown SR, Hall A, Buckley HL, Flanagan L, Gonzalez de Castro D, Farnell K, Moss L, Gregory R, Newbold K, Du Y, Flux G, Wadsley J. Investigating the potential clinical benefit of Selumetinib in resensitising advanced iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer to radioiodine therapy (SEL-I-METRY): protocol for a multicentre UK single arm phase II trial. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:582. [PMID: 31200667 PMCID: PMC6567392 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. Some advanced disease is, or becomes, resistant to radioactive iodine therapy (refractory disease); this holds poor prognosis of 10% 10-year overall survival. Whilst Sorafenib and Lenvatinib are now licenced for the treatment of progressive iodine refractory thyroid cancer, these treatments require continuing treatment and can be associated with significant toxicity. Evidence from a pilot study has demonstrated feasibility of Selumetinib to allow the reintroduction of I-131 therapy; this larger, multicentre study is required to demonstrate the broader clinical impact of this approach before progression to a confirmatory trial. METHODS SEL-I-METRY is a UK, single-arm, multi-centre, two-stage phase II trial. Participants with locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer with at least one measureable lesion and iodine refractory disease will be recruited from eight NHS Hospitals and treated with four-weeks of oral Selumetinib and assessed for sufficient I-123 uptake (defined as any uptake in a lesion with no previous uptake or 30% or greater increase in uptake). Those with sufficient uptake will be treated with I-131 and followed for clinical outcomes. Radiation absorbed doses will be predicted from I-123 SPECT/CT and verified from scans following the therapy. Sixty patients will be recruited to assess the primary objective of whether the treatment schedule leads to increased progression-free survival compared to historical control data. DISCUSSION The SEL-I-METRY trial will investigate the effect of Selumetinib followed by I-131 therapy on progression-free survival in radioiodine refractory patients with differentiated thyroid cancer showing increased radioiodine uptake following initial treatment with Selumetinib. In addition, information on toxicity and dosimetry will be collected. This study presents an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the role of lesional dosimetry in molecular radiotherapy, leading to greater personalisation of therapy. To date this has been a neglected area of research. The findings of this trial will be useful to healthcare professionals and patients alike to determine whether further study of this agent is warranted. It is hoped that the development of the infrastructure to deliver a multicentre trial involving molecular radiotherapy dosimetry will lead to further trials in this field. TRIAL REGISTRATION SEL-I-METRY is registered under ISRCTN17468602 , 02/12/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Brown
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Andrew Hall
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Hannah L. Buckley
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Louise Flanagan
- Leeds Institute of Clinical Trial Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - David Gonzalez de Castro
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kate Farnell
- Butterfly Thyroid Cancer Trust, NCCC Freeman Hospital, Newcastle, NE39 2PU UK
| | - Laura Moss
- Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, CF14 2TL UK
| | - Rebecca Gregory
- Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5PT UK
| | - Kate Newbold
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, SM2 5PT UK
| | - Yong Du
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, SM2 5PT UK
| | - Glenn Flux
- Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5PT UK
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Falzone N, Gregory R, Aldridge M, Terry SY, Flux G. Clinical trials in molecular radiotherapy-Tribulations and Triumphs Report of the NCRI CTRad meeting held at the Lift Islington, 8 June 2018. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190117. [PMID: 30982344 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been almost a decade since the commentary Molecular radiotherapy - the radionuclide raffle? by Gaze and Flux (2010) . The overarching feeling then was that no individual or organisation has taken up the challenge, nationally or internationally, of championing molecular targeted radionuclide therapy in all its aspects. Here, we report on the recent NCRI-CTRad (Clinical Trials in Molecular Radiotherapy-Tribulations and Triumphs) meeting, held in London on the 8 June 2018. The meeting was organized by the NCRI-CTRad to review the challenges and opportunities for clinical trials in molecular radiotherapy, particularly focussing on investigator-led trials that incorporate imaging and dosimetry, and to discuss how the community can move forward. This meeting was organised in conjunction with the British Nuclear Medicine Society and reflects the progress of Nuclear Medicine in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Falzone
- 1 CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Gregory
- 2 Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Matthew Aldridge
- 3 University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Samantha Ya Terry
- 4 Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Glenn Flux
- 2 Joint Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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McMorrow L, Mullineaux J, Kendall M, Gregory R. Written communications from hospital diabetes departments: standards required to mitigate unintentional harm. Diabet Med 2018; 35:1752-1753. [PMID: 30378166 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M Kendall
- Patient Representative, Leicester, UK
| | - R Gregory
- Chair, ABCD Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Collaborative-UK, Diabetes Outpatient Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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Chakkalakal RJ, Hackstadt AJ, Trochez R, Gregory R, Elasy TA. Gestational Diabetes and Maternal Weight Management During and After Pregnancy. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 28:646-653. [PMID: 30457439 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) substantially modify their diets during pregnancy to control hyperglycemia. These changes could also affect maternal weight management. Materials and Methods: From July 2014 to December 2015 we enrolled women with and without GDM in a prospective cohort study to compare their mean rates of (1) weight gain before GDM screening, (2) weight gain after GDM screening, and (3) postpartum weight loss. All GDM-affected women were referred to Medical Nutrition Therapy and asked to self-monitor blood glucose until delivery. Rate comparisons were conducted separately for each interval using weighted t-tests and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to account for age and prepregnancy body mass index (BMI). Linear regression models were developed to characterize the association of GDM status and rate of weight change. Results: The study included 40 women with GDM and 49 women without GDM. The IPTW analysis found that (1) women with and without GDM had similar mean rates of gestational weight gain before GDM screening (0.41 ± 0.26 kg/week vs. 0.45 ± 0.35 kg/week, respectively, p = 0.86), (2) women with GDM gained weight at a significantly lower mean rate than women without GDM following GDM screening (0.30 ± 0.28 kg/week vs. 0.53 ± 0.28 kg/week, respectively, p = 0.001), and (3) women with and without GDM had similar mean rates of postpartum weight loss (-1.37 ± 0.58 kg/week vs. -1.28 ± 0.46 kg/week, respectively, p = 0.73). The linear regression model (adjusted for age and prepregnancy BMI) demonstrated that women with GDM gained 0.19 kg/week less than women without GDM (p = 0.004) during pregnancy after GDM screening. Conclusions: In the postpartum period, women with GDM lose weight at similar rates to women without GDM despite gaining weight at significantly lower rates following GDM screening. Diagnosis and treatment of GDM may improve maternal weight management, but this benefit is limited to late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosette J Chakkalakal
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,2 Vanderbilt Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amber J Hackstadt
- 2 Vanderbilt Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,3 Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ricardo Trochez
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,2 Vanderbilt Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca Gregory
- 4 Vanderbilt Eskind Adult Diabetes Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,5 Maternal Fetal Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Women's Health, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tom A Elasy
- 1 Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.,2 Vanderbilt Center for Diabetes Translation Research, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Merriman A, Wang L, Gregory R, Osmundson S. Proportion of Abnormal Glucose Values and Perinatal Outcome [13J]. Obstet Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/01.aog.0000533477.23912.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Wadsley J, Gregory R, Flux G, Newbold K, Du Y, Moss L, Hall A, Flanagan L, Brown SR. SELIMETRY-a multicentre I-131 dosimetry trial: a clinical perspective. Br J Radiol 2017; 90:20160637. [PMID: 28291381 PMCID: PMC5605100 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20160637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for patients with thyroid cancer that is no longer sensitive to iodine therapy are limited. Those treatments which currently exist are associated with significant toxicity. The SELIMETRY trial (EudraCT No 2015-002269-47) aims to investigate the role of the MEK inhibitor Selumetinib in resensitizing advanced iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer to radioiodine therapy. Patients deemed to have sufficient iodine uptake in previously iodine refractory lesions after 4 weeks of Selumetinib therapy will be given an empirical activity of 5.5 GBq I-131, and response to therapy will be assessed. The trial presents an opportunity to investigate the dosimetric aspects of radioiodine therapy for advanced thyroid cancer. Patients will undergo serial I-123 single-photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT scans following Selumetinib therapy to determine whether there has been a change in the degree of iodine uptake to justify further I-131 therapy, and to allow dosimetric calculations to predict absorbed dose to target lesions following therapy. Patients receiving I-131 therapy will undergo a further series of post-therapy SPECT/CT scans to allow dosimetric calculations. We describe the challenges in setting up a multicentre trial in a relatively underinvestigated field, describing the work that has been carried out to calibrate and validate measurements to ensure that standardized image data are collected at each site. We hope that this trial will lead to individualization and optimization of therapy for patients with advanced thyroid cancer and that the ground work carried out in setting up a network of centres capable of standardized molecular radiotherapy dosimetry will lead to further clinical trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Gregory
- Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Glenn Flux
- Department of Physics, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Yong Du
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
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Baheerathan A, Brownlee WJ, Chard DT, Shields K, Gregory R, Trip SA. Antecedent anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in two patients with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2016; 12:20-22. [PMID: 28283100 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder characterised by psychiatric symptoms, movement disorder and seizures often evolving into a severe encephalopathy. An overlap has recently been recognised between anti-NMDAR encephalitis and inflammatory demyelinating disorders, particularly neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorder (NMOSD). In this case report, we describe two patients with an initial presentation consistent with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who have subsequently developed relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and discuss the literature pertaining to potential overlap between NMDAR encephalitis and inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Baheerathan
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - W J Brownlee
- Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - D T Chard
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Shields
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Gregory
- Department of Neurology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - S A Trip
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.
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Simonton DK, Gregory R. Reviews: Insights of Genius: Imagery and Creativity in Science and Art, an Illustrated History of Brain Function: Imaging the Brain from Antiquity to the Present. Perception 2016. [DOI: 10.1068/p2910rvw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D K Simonton
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616-8686, USA
| | - R Gregory
- Department of Psychology, University of Bristol, 8 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1TN, UK
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Taylor M, Gregory R, Tomlins P, Jacob D, Hubble J, Sahota T. Closed-loop glycaemic control using an implantable artificial pancreas in diabetic domestic pig ( Sus scrofa domesticus ). Int J Pharm 2016; 500:371-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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19
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Downey LA, Kean J, Nemeh F, Lau A, Poll A, Gregory R, Murray M, Rourke J, Patak B, Pase MP, Zangara A, Lomas J, Scholey A, Stough C. Corrigendum: An Acute, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of 320 mg and 640 mg Doses of a Special Extract of Bacopa monnieri(CDRI 08) on Sustained Cognitive Performance. Phytother Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Gregory R, Cheng H, Rupp HA, Sengelaub DR, Heiman JR. Oxytocin increases VTA activation to infant and sexual stimuli in nulliparous and postpartum women. Horm Behav 2015; 69:82-8. [PMID: 25562711 PMCID: PMC4418634 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
After giving birth, women typically experience decreased sexual desire and increased responsiveness to infant stimuli. These postpartum changes may be viewed as a trade-off in reproductive interests, which could be due to alterations in brain activity including areas associated with reward. The goal of this study was to describe the roles of oxytocin and parity on reward area activation in response to reproductive stimuli, specifically infant and sexual images. Because they have been shown to be associated with reward, the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) were targeted as areas of expected alterations in activity. Oxytocin was chosen as a potential mediator of reproductive trade-offs because of its relationship to both mother-infant interactions, including breastfeeding and bonding, and sexual responses. We predicted that postpartum women would show higher reward area activation to infant stimuli and nulliparous women would show higher activation to sexual stimuli and that oxytocin would increase activation to infant stimuli in nulliparous women. To test this, we measured VTA and NAc activation using fMRI in response to infant photos, sexual photos, and neutral photos in 29 postpartum and 30 nulliparous women. Participants completed the Sexual Inhibition (SIS) and Sexual Excitation (SES) Scales and the Brief Index of Sexual Function for Women (BISF-W), which includes a sexual desire dimension, and received either oxytocin or placebo nasal spray before viewing crying and smiling infant and sexual images in an fMRI scanner. For both groups of women, intranasal oxytocin administration increased VTA activation to both crying infant and sexual images but not to smiling infant images. We found that postpartum women showed lower SES, higher SIS, and lower sexual desire compared to nulliparous women. Across parity groups, SES scores were correlated with VTA activation and subjective arousal ratings to sexual images. In postpartum women, sexual desire was positively correlated with VTA activation to sexual images and with SES. Our findings show that postpartum decreases in sexual desire may in part be mediated by VTA activation, and oxytocin increased activation of the VTA but not NAc in response to sexual and infant stimuli. Oxytocin may contribute to the altered reproductive priorities in postpartum women by increasing VTA activation to salient infant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gregory
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Morrison 313, 1165 E. Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Hu Cheng
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Heather A Rupp
- The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Morrison 313, 1165 E. Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Dale R Sengelaub
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Julia R Heiman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction, Indiana University, Morrison 313, 1165 E. Third St., Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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21
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Li S, Clements R, Sulak M, Gregory R, Freeman E, McDonough J. Decreased NAA in gray matter is correlated with decreased availability of acetate in white matter in postmortem multiple sclerosis cortex. Neurochem Res 2014; 38:2385-96. [PMID: 24078261 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1151-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which leads to progressive neurological disability. Our previous studies have demonstrated mitochondrial involvement in MS cortical pathology and others have documented decreased levels of the neuronal mitochondrial metabolite N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in the MS brain. While NAA is synthesized in neurons, it is broken down in oligodendrocytes into aspartate and acetate. The resulting acetate is incorporated into myelin lipids, linking neuronal mitochondrial function to oligodendrocyte-mediated elaboration of myelin lipids in the CNS. In the present study we show that treating human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with the electron transport chain inhibitor antimycin A decreased levels of NAA as measured by HPLC. To better understand the significance of the relationship between mitochondrial function and levels of NAA and its breakdown product acetate on MS pathology we then quantitated the levels of NAA and acetate in MS and control postmortem tissue blocks. Regardless of lesion status, we observed that levels of NAA were decreased 25 and 32 % in gray matter from parietal and motor cortex in MS, respectively, compared to controls. Acetate levels in adjacent white matter mirrored these decreases as evidenced by the 36 and 45 % reduction in acetate obtained from parietal and motor cortices. These data suggest a novel mechanism whereby mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced NAA levels in neurons may result in compromised myelination by oligodendrocytes due to decreased availability of acetate necessary for the synthesis of myelin lipids.
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Taylor MJ, Gregory R, Mitchell H, Alblihed M, Alsabih A, Tomlins P, Sahota TS. Insulin pump users would not rule out using an implantable artificial pancreas. Practical Diabetes 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Gregory R, Malcolmson C, Patel C, Woolley T, Jones A. Experience with a 20% Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin (Hizentra®) in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases - A Single-Center Review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Malcolmson C, Gregory R, Patel C, Panahloo Z, Jones A. Patient Satisfaction with 20% Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin (Hizentra®) Treatment: Results From a Single-Center Study in Children with Immunodeficiencies. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.12.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Downey LA, Kean J, Nemeh F, Lau A, Poll A, Gregory R, Murray M, Rourke J, Patak B, Pase MP, Zangara A, Lomas J, Scholey A, Stough C. An Acute, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of 320 mg and 640 mg Doses of a Special Extract of Bacopa monnieri
(CDRI 08) on Sustained Cognitive Performance. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1407-13. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Downey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - James Kean
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Fiona Nemeh
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Angela Lau
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Alex Poll
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Rebecca Gregory
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Margaret Murray
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Johanna Rourke
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Brigit Patak
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Matthew P. Pase
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrea Zangara
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
- Soho Flordis International; Sydney Australia
| | - Justine Lomas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
| | - Con Stough
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology; Swinburne University of Technology; Melbourne Australia
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Markaverich B, Varma M, Densmore C, Tiller A, Schauweker T, Gregory R. Nuclear type-ii [h-3] estradiol binding-sites in mcf-7 human breast-cancer cells - binding interactions with 2,6-bis-([3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-methylene)cyclohexanone esters and inhibition of cell-proliferation. Int J Oncol 2012; 4:1291-300. [PMID: 21567051 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.4.6.1291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that 2,6-bis-([3,4-dihydroxyphenyl]methylene)cyclohexanone (BDHPC) and related compounds mimic methyl p-hydroxyphenyllactate (MeHPLA) as endogenous ligands for nuclear type II [H-3]estradiol binding sites. Occupancy of type II sites by these agents results in the inhibition of malignant cell proliferation in vitro and mammary tumor growth in vivo. The present studies were designed to assess the effects of BDHPC esterification on type II site binding interactions in uterine nuclei and in cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro. The results of these experiments demonstrate that in rat uterine nuclear fractions BDHPC acetate (Kd approximately 100 nM) interacts with type II sites with a 100-fold lower affinity than BDHPC (Kd approximately 0.9 nM) and BDHPC benzoate failed to inhibit [H-3]estradiol binding under these experimental conditions. Conversely, BDHPC and BDHPC acetate displayed very similar binding affinities for type II sites in cultured MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and there was a direct correlation between nuclear type II site occupancy and the inhibition of cellular proliferation by these two compounds. BDHPC benzoate failed to interact with type II sites or inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation. Taken together, these results suggested that BDHPC acetate, but not BDHPC benzoate, was being hydrolyzed by esterases in MCF-7 cells, releasing the free parent compound. This conclusion was supported by the observations that incubation of BDHPC acetate in mammary tumor cytosol preparations resulted in essentially quantitative hydrolysis to BDHPC as determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of tumor cytosol extracts. Conversely, BDHPC benzoate was not hydrolyzed by tumor esterases which is consistent with the inability of this compound to bind to type II sites or inhibit MCF-7 human breast cancer cell proliferation. These experiments confirm and extend the hypothesis that esterase hydrolysis of MeHPLA related compounds represents an important biological step involved in the control of the biological activity of type II site agonists which appear to regulate malignant cell proliferation through this binding interaction.
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James J, Atkins H, Sturgess I, Malik R, Rayman G, Morton A, Hillson R, Gregory R. The safe use of insulin e-learning module: successful roll out of a teaching programme for all working in diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Venkatraman R, Jain A, Farkas J, Mendonca J, Hamilton G, Capasso C, Denning D, Simpson C, Rogers B, Frisa L, Ong TP, Herrick M, Kaushik V, Gregory R, Apen E, Angyal M, Filipiak S, Crabtree P, Sparks T, Anderson S, Coronell D, Islam R, Smith B, Fiordalice R, Kawasaki H, Klein J, Venkatesan S, Weitzman E. Integration of Multi-Level Copper Metallization into a High Performance Sub-0.25μM Technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-514-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe report the integration of six levels of Cu interconnects using dual inlaid patterning in a 0.2 μm logic technology. A review of process technology as well as device performance shortcomings using conventional aluminum metallization has been presented. Two tantalum based barriers, TaNx and Ta-Si-N as well as a titanium based barrier, CVD TiN, have been evaluated for their applicability. The use of embedded barriers wherein the barrier is formed below the surface of the dielectric has also been discussed as a potential option. No degradation to the device front-end parametrics were found with the choice of an appropriate barrier. Planarization by Cu CMP introduces surface topography that needs to be minimized in order to process multiple levels of interconnects within specified sheet resistance distributions for a range of line widths. Excellent results with highly planarized levels of metallization have consistently been achieved through an optimization of the unit processes and device integration.
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Taylor K, Guy S, Stewart L, Ayling M, Miller G, Anthony A, Bajuk A, Brun JL, Shearer D, Gregory R, Thomas M. Care zoning. A pragmatic approach to enhance the understanding of clinical needs as it relates to clinical risks in acute in-patient unit settings. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2011; 32:318-26. [PMID: 21574845 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.559570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The process of risk assessment which should inform and help identify clinical needs is often seen as a tick box and task-focussed approach. While on the surface this provides a sense of security that forms have been completed, we often fail to communicate in a meaningful manner about the clinical needs identified, which would assist in supporting the care planning delivery processes. A clinical practice improvement (CPI) project implemented a care zoning framework as an evidenced-based process that provides pragmatic support to nurses who are required to continually assess, implement, and evaluate plans to address clinical need across three acute mental health inpatient settings. Risk descriptors informed by the New South Wales (NSW) Mental Health Assessment & Outcome Tools (MHAOT) criteria were developed and described in behavioural contexts in order to improve the project's reliability and translation. A pragmatic traffic light tool was used to share clinical information across three agreed care zones, red (high clinical need), amber (medium clinical need), and green (low clinical need). Additionally nurses were asked to utilise a shift review form in the context of supporting the recording of care zoning and promoting action-orientated note writing. The introduction of care zoning has enthused the nursing teams and the mental health service to adopt care zoning as a supervisory framework that increases their capacity to communicate clinical needs, share information, and gain invaluable support from one another in addressing clinical needs. This includes increased opportunities for staff to feel supported in asking for assistance in understanding and addressing complex clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Taylor
- Northern Sydney Central Coast Mental Health and Drug and Alcohol Service, New South Wales, Australia.
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Vlachos C, Gregory R, Paton RC, Saunders JR, Wu QH. Individual-based modelling of bacterial ecologies and evolution. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 5:100-4. [PMID: 18629041 PMCID: PMC2447324 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Revised: 11/18/2003] [Accepted: 11/27/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents two approaches to the individual-based modelling of bacterial
ecologies and evolution using computational tools. The first approach is a fine-grained
model that is based on networks of interactivity between computational objects
representing genes and proteins. The second approach is a coarser-grained, agent-based
model, which is designed to explore the evolvability of adaptive behavioural
strategies in artificial bacteria represented by learning classifier systems. The
structure and implementation of these computational models is discussed, and some
results from simulation experiments are presented. Finally, the potential applications
of the proposed models to the solution of real-world computational problems, and
their use in improving our understanding of the mechanisms of evolution, are briefly
outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vlachos
- BioComputing and Computational Biology Research Group, Department of Computer Science. University of Liverpool, Chadwick Building, Peach Street Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK
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Nayyar V, Jarvis J, Lawrence I, Kong MF, Gregory R, Hiles S, Jackson S, McNally P, Davies MJ. Long-term follow up of patients on U-500 insulin: a case series. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Gregory R, Saunders V, Saunders J. Rule-based simulation of temperate bacteriophage infection: Restriction–modification as a limiter to infection in bacterial populations. Biosystems 2010; 100:166-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2009] [Revised: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Thanh DL, Lakshmi R, Sandrine H, Gregory R, Christine B, Beatrice D, Thierry M. 140 The utilisation review of the prescription of fluoroquinolones in hospitals in Lorraine by the network antibiolor before and after the proposition of corrective measures. BMJ Qual Saf 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/qshc.2010.041624.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Cronly-Dillon J, Persaud K, Gregory R, Christou C. Blind subjects explore and navigate the visual world using video images encoded in musical form. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/2.7.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Low R, Ito S, Gregory R, Wu J, Jacobs C, Dunn V, Bielory L, Dickey D, Low D, Lamba S. 353: Number of Headache Patients/Day in New York City Public Hospitals: Relation to Time, Weather, Air Pollution and Economic Variables. Ann Emerg Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.06.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mewes HW, Dietmann S, Frishman D, Gregory R, Mannhaupt G, Mayer KFX, Münsterkötter M, Ruepp A, Spannagl M, Stümpflen V, Rattei T. MIPS: analysis and annotation of genome information in 2007. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 36:D196-201. [PMID: 18158298 PMCID: PMC2238900 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS-GSF, Neuherberg, Germany) combines automatic processing of large amounts of sequences with manual annotation of selected model genomes. Due to the massive growth of the available data, the depth of annotation varies widely between independent databases. Also, the criteria for the transfer of information from known to orthologous sequences are diverse. To cope with the task of global in-depth genome annotation has become unfeasible. Therefore, our efforts are dedicated to three levels of annotation: (i) the curation of selected genomes, in particular from fungal and plant taxa (e.g. CYGD, MNCDB, MatDB), (ii) the comprehensive, consistent, automatic annotation employing exhaustive methods for the computation of sequence similarities and sequence-related attributes as well as the classification of individual sequences (SIMAP, PEDANT and FunCat) and (iii) the compilation of manually curated databases for protein interactions based on scrutinized information from the literature to serve as an accepted set of reliable annotated interaction data (MPACT, MPPI, CORUM). All databases and tools described as well as the detailed descriptions of our projects can be accessed through the MIPS web server (http://mips.gsf.de).
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Mewes
- Institute for Bioinformatics (MIPS), German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Gregory R, Saunders VA, Saunders JR. Rule-based computing system for microbial interactions and communications: evolution in virtual bacterial populations. Biosystems 2007; 91:216-30. [PMID: 18023963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2007.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel rule-based computing system of microbial interactions and communications, referred to as COSMIC-Rules, for simulating evolutionary processes within populations of virtual bacteria. The model incorporates three levels: the bacterial genome, the bacterial cell and an environment inhabited by such cells. The virtual environment in COSMIC-Rules can contain multiple substances, whose relative toxicity or nutrient status is specified by the genome of the bacterium. Each substance may be distributed uniformly or in a user-defined manner. The organisms in COSMIC-Rules possess individually-defined physical locations, size, cell division status and genomes. Genes and/or gene systems are represented by abstractions that may summate sometimes complex phenotypes. Central to COSMIC-Rules is a simplified representation of bacterial species, each containing a functional genome including, where desired, extrachromosomal elements such as plasmids and/or bacteriophages. A widely applicable computer representation of biological recognition systems based on bit string matching is essential to the model. This representation permits, for example, the modelling of protein-protein interactions, receptor-ligand interactions and DNA-DNA transactions. COSMIC-Rules is intended to inform studies on bacterial adaptation and evolution, and to predict behaviour of populations of pathogenic bacteria and their viruses. The framework is constructed for parallel execution across a large number of machines and efficiently utilises a 64 processor development cluster. It will run on any Grid system and has successfully tested simulations with millions of bacteria, of multiple species and utilising multiple substrates. The model may be used for large-scale simulations where a genealogical record for individual organisms is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gregory
- Department of Computer Science, Ashton Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom.
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Gregory R, Roked F, Jones L, Patel A. Is the degree of cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease related to their capacity to appoint an enduring power of attorney? Age Ageing 2007; 36:527-31. [PMID: 17913758 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afm104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinicians are often asked to retrospectively assess a patient's capacity to create an Enduring Power of Attorney (EPA). This study will investigate if capacity to create an EPA is significantly related to the degree of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer patients, and whether Mini Mental State Examination score (MMSE) is a good predictor of a patient's capacity. It also considers if socio-demographic factors are related to a patient's capacity to create an EPA. METHODS Participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease were recruited from the Old Age Psychiatric service at the Queen Elizabeth Psychiatric Hospital, Birmingham, UK. A cognitive assessment of each patient was performed using the MMSE, followed by two independent assessments of their capacity to create an EPA made using a semi-structured interview. RESULTS There was a significant association between level of cognitive impairment and capacity to create an EPA: chi(2) = 35.15 (P<0.0001). MMSE score significantly predicted capacity status (OR=1.6, 95% CI 0.863-0.979). Optimal sensitivity (86.6%, CI 67.4-95.5%) and specificity (82.2% CI 67.4-91.5%) were obtained using a cutoff MMSE score of 18. Positive predictive value (PPV): 75.8% (95% CI 57-88%), negative predictive value (PNV): 90.2% (CI 76-97%). No socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with capacity to create an EPA. CONCLUSIONS The MMSE could be used as a screening tool to help inform a clinical capacity assessment in patients with Alzheimer's disease. It is important that patients always undergo individual clinical assessments where possible, but in situations where direct assessment is not possible MMSE score could be used to aid retrospective assessments of capacity to create an EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Gregory
- Medical Student University of Birmingham Medical School, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Abstract
The concept of adaptive management has, for many ecologists, become a foundation of effective environmental management for initiatives characterized by high levels of ecological uncertainty. Yet problems associated with its application are legendary, and many of the initiatives promoted as examples of adaptive management appear to lack essential characteristics of the approach. In this paper we propose explicit criteria for helping managers and decision makers to determine the appropriateness of either passive or active adaptive-management strategies as a response to ecological uncertainty in environmental management. Four categories of criteria--dealing with spatial and temporal scale, dimensions of uncertainty, the evaluation of costs and benefits, and institutional and stakeholder support--are defined and applied using hypothetical yet realistic case-study scenarios that illustrate a range of environmental management problems. We conclude that many of the issues facing adaptive management may have less to do with the approach itself than with the indiscriminate choice of contexts within which it is now applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gregory
- Decision Research, 1160 Devina Drive, Galiano, British Columbia V0N 1P0, Canada.
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Rothman RL, Housam R, Weiss H, Davis D, Gregory R, Gebretsadik T, Shintani A, Elasy TA. Patient understanding of food labels: the role of literacy and numeracy. Am J Prev Med 2006; 31:391-8. [PMID: 17046410 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehension of food labels can be important for patients, including those with chronic illness, to help follow dietary recommendations. Patient comprehension of food labels was examined, along with the relationship of comprehension to their underlying literacy and numeracy skills. METHODS From June 2004 to April 2005, a cross-sectional study of 200 primary care patients was performed. A 24-item measure of food label comprehension was administered. Literacy was measured with the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM), and numeracy with the Wide Range Achievement Test, third edition (WRAT-3). RESULTS Most patients (89%) reported using food labels. While 75% of patients reported at least a high school education and 77% had 9th-grade literacy skills, only 37% had 9th-grade math skills. On average, patients answered 69% (standard deviation, 21%) of the food-label questions correctly. Common reasons for incorrect responses included misapplication of the serving size, confusion due to extraneous material on the food label, and incorrect calculations. For example, only 37% of patients could calculate the number of carbohydrates consumed from a 20-ounce bottle of soda that contained 2.5 servings. Higher comprehension of food labels was significantly correlated (all p values were less than 0.001) with higher income (rho=0.39), education (rho=0.49), literacy (rho=0.52), and numeracy (rho=0.67). CONCLUSIONS Patients demonstrated deficits in understanding nutrition labels. Poor label comprehension was highly correlated with low-level literacy and numeracy skills, but even patients with higher literacy could have difficulties interpreting labels. Providers need to consider patients' literacy and numeracy when providing dietary recommendations. Opportunities may exist for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to promote changes to make food labels more comprehensible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell L Rothman
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Center for Health Services Research, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chan
- Department of Neurology, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Berkshire, UK
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Abstract
Ray Paton oversaw the creation of a long lineage of Individual-based Models (IbMs) and this paper discusses the five most successful. All of these concern the development of adaptation, covering both evolutionary time and organism lifetime (somatic time). Of the five models discussed here, the first is based on a plant-herbivore model, the other four are based on a substrate-bacteria model, with the option of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gregory
- Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, United Kingdom.
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Gregory R, Walwyn L, Bloor S, Amin S. A feasibility study of the use of photographic food diaries in the management of obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pdi.899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gregory R, Paton R, Saunders J, Wu QH. Parallelising a model of bacterial interaction and evolution. Biosystems 2005; 76:121-31. [PMID: 15351136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2004.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2003] [Revised: 07/11/2003] [Accepted: 08/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Large simulations of bacterial colonies require huge amounts of computational time, the only way to achieve the necessary level of performance is with parallel computers and a suitably designed implementation that maps the problem onto the hardware. For real problems this mapping can be a non-trivial problem requiring careful consideration of the constraints in both the system being modelled and the hardware that executes that model. Here we describe an implementation of a system for modelling bacterial evolution that encompasses many physical scales. This system is composed entirely of individual entities all playing out a complex series of interactions. These individuals exist at the scale of the population of bacterial and at the gene product scale. This paper reports that it is possible to map a dynamic problem such as this onto fixed resources, for the most part making use of implicit multiplexing of resources provided by the OS and partitioning the problem to reduce communication time. Through this an efficient simulation can be created, making maximal use of the available hardware without constraining the model to require excessively specific resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gregory
- Department of Computer Science, University of Liverpool, Chadwick Building, Peach Street, Liverpool L69 7ZF, UK.
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Bojanic S, Sethi H, Hyam J, Yianni J, Nandi D, Joint C, Carter H, Gregory R, Bain P, Aziz TZ. Externalising deep brain electrodes: an increased risk of infection? J Clin Neurosci 2004; 11:732-4. [PMID: 15337135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2003.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2003] [Accepted: 09/09/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is the practice in many centres to externalise deep brain electrodes in functional neurosurgery to confirm efficacy of therapy prior to full implantation of the pacemaker. It has been a concern that such practice might lead to an increased rate of infection. We report a retrospective study of the rates of infection in two major centres where all electrodes are externalised in one centre and directly implanted in the other. We have not found an increased rate of infection as a result of externalisation and feel, particularly in pain patients, that doing so can lead to significant cost savings by avoiding ineffective implantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bojanic
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford OX2 6HE, UK.
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Parkin S, Nandi D, Giladi N, Joint C, Gregory R, Bain P, Scott R, Aziz TZ. Lesioning the subthalamic nucleus in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2002; 77:68-72. [PMID: 12378059 DOI: 10.1159/000064599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ever since it was demonstrated about twenty years ago by two independent groups (Aziz et al. and Bergman et al.) that the cardinal clinical features of MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) in non-human primate models can be alleviated by lesions of the subthalamic nucleus (STN), this structure has been the focus of interest for functional neurosurgeons involved in the treatment of PD. Initially lesioning and later chronic high frequency stimulation of the STN has become the standard surgical target of akinetic PD. In this brief report we present our experience with 14 STN lesions (8 unilateral and 3 bilateral) confirmed by post-operative imaging. We found significant improvement in OFF rigidity and in ON tremor following unilateral lesions. The major complications were speech disturbance and L-Dopa resistant limb dystonia. Functional disability scores showed inconsistent reduction. There was insufficient data to comment on the significance of bilateral lesions; however, there was a similar pattern of improvement in tremor and speech disturbance. In addition, there was worsening of gait. We comment on the lower degree of improvement in motor scores in our series compared to the few others in recent literature and stress that even in these studies the UPDRS benefits did not translate directly into functional benefit for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Parkin
- Neurology, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK
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Gregory R. [Neurosurgical treatment for Parkinson disease and other motor disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2002; 101:54-6. [PMID: 11765616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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