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Takita Y, Sugano E, Kitabayashi K, Tabata K, Saito A, Yokoyama T, Onoguchi R, Fukuda T, Ozaki T, Bai L, Tomita H. Evaluation of Local Retinal Function in Light-Damaged Rats Using Multifocal Electroretinograms and Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16433. [PMID: 38003623 PMCID: PMC10670973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroretinograms (ERGs) are often used to evaluate retinal function. However, assessing local retinal function can be challenging; therefore, photopic and scotopic ERGs are used to record whole-retinal function. This study evaluated focal retinal function in rats exposed to continuous light using a multifocal ERG (mfERG) system. The rats were exposed to 1000 lux of fluorescent light for 24 h to induce photoreceptor degeneration. After light exposure, the rats were reared under cyclic light conditions (12 h: 5 lux, 12 h: dark). Photopic and multifocal ERGs and single-flash and multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs) were recorded 7 days after light exposure. Fourteen days following light exposure, paraffin-embedded sections were prepared from the eyes for histological evaluation. The ERG and VEP responses dramatically decreased after 24 h of light exposure, and retinal area-dependent decreases were observed in mfERGs and mfVEPs. Histological assessment revealed severe damage to the superior retina and less damage to the inferior retina. Considering the recorded visual angles of mfERGs and mfVEPs, the degenerated area shown on the histological examinations correlates well with the responses from multifocal recordings.
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Grants
- 21-Ⅱ4001 Terumo (Japan)
- 22H00579 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 21K18278 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 22K09760 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 21K09713 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan; (Y.T.); (E.S.); (K.K.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (T.Y.); (R.O.); (T.F.); (T.O.); (L.B.)
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Kikuchi Y, Sugano E, Yuki S, Tabata K, Endo Y, Takita Y, Onoguchi R, Ozaki T, Fukuda T, Takai Y, Kurose T, Tanaka K, Honma Y, Perez E, Stock M, Fernández JR, Tamura M, Voronkov M, Stock JB, Tomita H. SIG-1451, a Novel, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Compound, Attenuates Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration by Affecting the Inflammatory Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158802. [PMID: 35955937 PMCID: PMC9369167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive retinal disease that is associated with factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of SIG-1451, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound developed for treating atopic dermatitis and known to inhibit Toll-like receptor 4, in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. SIG-1451 was intraperitoneally injected into rats once per day before exposure to 1000 lx light for 24 h; one day later, optical coherence tomography showed a decrease in retinal thickness, and electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude was also found to have decreased 3 d after light exposure. Moreover, SIG-1451 partially protected against this decrease in retinal thickness and increase in ERG amplitude. One day after light exposure, upregulation of inflammatory response-related genes was observed, and SIG-1451 was found to inhibit this upregulation. Iba-1, a microglial marker, was suppressed in SIG-1451-injected rats. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying these effects, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat immortalised Müller cells. The upregulation of C-C motif chemokine 2 by LPS stimulation was significantly inhibited by SIG-1451 treatment, and Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in phosphorylated I-κB levels. These results indicate that SIG-1451 indirectly protects photoreceptor cells by attenuating light damage progression, by affecting the inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shiori Yuki
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kitako Tabata
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yuka Endo
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yuya Takita
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Reina Onoguchi
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takai
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa 619-0216, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kurose
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa 619-0216, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa 619-0216, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honma
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa 619-0216, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eduardo Perez
- Signum Biosciences, 4999 Pearl East Circle, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Maxwell Stock
- Signum Biosciences, 4999 Pearl East Circle, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | | | - Masanori Tamura
- Signum Biosciences, 4999 Pearl East Circle, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Michael Voronkov
- Signum Biosciences, 4999 Pearl East Circle, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Jeffry B. Stock
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-19-621-6427
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