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Kong K, Ding X, Wang Y, Xu S, Li G, Wang X, Zhang M, Ni Y, Xu G. Circular RNA expression profile and functional analysis of circUvrag in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38282307 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in retinal pathophysiology; however, their expression profiles and functions in photoreceptor apoptosis are largely unknown. We explored circRNA-expression profiles and circUvrag (host gene: Uvrag, ultraviolet radiation resistance associated gene) function in light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats and 661 W photoreceptor cells were exposed to blue light to establish light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Differentially expressed circRNAs were identified using microarrays. Potential functions of dysregulated circRNAs were analysed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. CircUvrag expression and localization were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization, respectively. CircUvrag overexpression and knockdown were induced using a plasmid and a small interfering RNA, respectively, and retinal function and structure were assessed using scotopic electroretinography, haematoxylin-eosin staining, and TUNEL staining. Microglial migration was assessed using IBA1 immunostaining. The apoptosis ratio of photoreceptor cells in vitro was detected using flow cytometry. RESULTS We identified 764 differentially expressed circRNAs, which were potentially related with the development of retinal structures, including neurons, dendrites, and synapses, and might participate in nervous-system pathophysiology. Light exposure enriched circUvrag in the cytoplasm of photoreceptors in the outer nuclear layer (ONL). CircUvrag knockdown decreased photoreceptor apoptosis and microglial migration to the ONL after light exposure, preserving ONL thickness and a-wave amplitude. In vitro, circUvrag knockdown inhibited photoreceptor apoptosis, although circUvrag overexpression slightly promoted photoreceptor apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS CircUvrag knockdown attenuated light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis, and might be a potential target in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjie Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sisi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Research Center, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingqin Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Takita Y, Sugano E, Kitabayashi K, Tabata K, Saito A, Yokoyama T, Onoguchi R, Fukuda T, Ozaki T, Bai L, Tomita H. Evaluation of Local Retinal Function in Light-Damaged Rats Using Multifocal Electroretinograms and Multifocal Visual Evoked Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16433. [PMID: 38003623 PMCID: PMC10670973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Electroretinograms (ERGs) are often used to evaluate retinal function. However, assessing local retinal function can be challenging; therefore, photopic and scotopic ERGs are used to record whole-retinal function. This study evaluated focal retinal function in rats exposed to continuous light using a multifocal ERG (mfERG) system. The rats were exposed to 1000 lux of fluorescent light for 24 h to induce photoreceptor degeneration. After light exposure, the rats were reared under cyclic light conditions (12 h: 5 lux, 12 h: dark). Photopic and multifocal ERGs and single-flash and multifocal visual evoked potentials (mfVEPs) were recorded 7 days after light exposure. Fourteen days following light exposure, paraffin-embedded sections were prepared from the eyes for histological evaluation. The ERG and VEP responses dramatically decreased after 24 h of light exposure, and retinal area-dependent decreases were observed in mfERGs and mfVEPs. Histological assessment revealed severe damage to the superior retina and less damage to the inferior retina. Considering the recorded visual angles of mfERGs and mfVEPs, the degenerated area shown on the histological examinations correlates well with the responses from multifocal recordings.
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Grants
- 21-Ⅱ4001 Terumo (Japan)
- 22H00579 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 21K18278 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 22K09760 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
- 21K09713 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan; (Y.T.); (E.S.); (K.K.); (K.T.); (A.S.); (T.Y.); (R.O.); (T.F.); (T.O.); (L.B.)
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Kikuchi Y, Sugano E, Yuki S, Tabata K, Endo Y, Takita Y, Onoguchi R, Ozaki T, Fukuda T, Takai Y, Kurose T, Tanaka K, Honma Y, Perez E, Stock M, Fernández JR, Tamura M, Voronkov M, Stock JB, Tomita H. SIG-1451, a Novel, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Compound, Attenuates Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration by Affecting the Inflammatory Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158802. [PMID: 35955937 PMCID: PMC9369167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive retinal disease that is associated with factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of SIG-1451, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound developed for treating atopic dermatitis and known to inhibit Toll-like receptor 4, in light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. SIG-1451 was intraperitoneally injected into rats once per day before exposure to 1000 lx light for 24 h; one day later, optical coherence tomography showed a decrease in retinal thickness, and electroretinogram (ERG) amplitude was also found to have decreased 3 d after light exposure. Moreover, SIG-1451 partially protected against this decrease in retinal thickness and increase in ERG amplitude. One day after light exposure, upregulation of inflammatory response-related genes was observed, and SIG-1451 was found to inhibit this upregulation. Iba-1, a microglial marker, was suppressed in SIG-1451-injected rats. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying these effects, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated rat immortalised Müller cells. The upregulation of C-C motif chemokine 2 by LPS stimulation was significantly inhibited by SIG-1451 treatment, and Western blot analysis revealed a decrease in phosphorylated I-κB levels. These results indicate that SIG-1451 indirectly protects photoreceptor cells by attenuating light damage progression, by affecting the inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kikuchi
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Eriko Sugano
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shiori Yuki
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kitako Tabata
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yuka Endo
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yuya Takita
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Reina Onoguchi
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Taku Ozaki
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Fukuda
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takai
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa 619-0216, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kurose
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa 619-0216, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Tanaka
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa 619-0216, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Honma
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa 619-0216, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eduardo Perez
- Signum Biosciences, 4999 Pearl East Circle, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Maxwell Stock
- Signum Biosciences, 4999 Pearl East Circle, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | | | - Masanori Tamura
- Signum Biosciences, 4999 Pearl East Circle, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Michael Voronkov
- Signum Biosciences, 4999 Pearl East Circle, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Jeffry B. Stock
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1014, USA
| | - Hiroshi Tomita
- Laboratory of Visual Neuroscience, Graduate Course in Biological Sciences, Iwate University Division of Science and Engineering, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka 020-8551, Iwate, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-19-621-6427
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Schäfer N, Grosche A, Schmitt SI, Braunger BM, Pauly D. Complement Components Showed a Time-Dependent Local Expression Pattern in Constant and Acute White Light-Induced Photoreceptor Damage. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:197. [PMID: 28676742 PMCID: PMC5476694 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Photoreceptor cell death due to extensive light exposure and induced oxidative-stress are associated with retinal degeneration. A correlated dysregulation of the complement system amplifies the damaging effects, but the local and time-dependent progression of this mechanism is not thoroughly understood. Methods: Light-induced photoreceptor damage (LD) was induced in Balb/c mice with white light illumination either for 24 h with 1000 lux (constant model) or 0.5 h with 5000 lux (acute model). Complement protein and mRNA expression levels were compared at 1 and 3 days post-LD for C1s, complement factor B (CFB), mannose binding lectin A, mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease 1 (MASP-1), C3, C4, C9, and complement factor P in retina and RPE/choroid. Histological analyses visualized apoptosis, microglia/macrophage migration, gliosis and deposition of the complement activation marker C3d. Systemic anaphylatoxin serum concentrations were determined using an ELISA. Results: Apoptosis, gliosis and microglia/macrophage migration into the outer nuclear layer showed similar patterns in both models. Local complement factor expression revealed an early upregulation of complement factor mRNA in the acute and constant light regimen at 1 day post-treatment for c1s, cfb, masp-1, c3, c4 and c9 in the RPE/choroid. However, intraretinal complement mRNA expression for c1s, cfb, c3 and c4 was increased at 1 day in the constant and at 3 days in the acute model. A corresponding regulation on protein level in the retina following both LD models was observed for C3, which was upregulated at 1 day and correlated with increased C3d staining in the ganglion cell layer and at the RPE. In the RPE/choroid C1s-complex protein detection was increased at 3 days after LD irrespectively of the light intensities used. Conclusion: LD in mouse eyes is correlated with local complement activity. The time-dependent local progression of complement regulation on mRNA and protein levels were equivalent in the acute and constant LD model, except for the intraretinal, time-dependent mRNA expression. Knowing the relative time courses of local complement expression and cellular activity can help to elucidate novel therapeutic options in retinal degeneration indicating at which time point of disease complement has to be rebalanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schäfer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Antje Grosche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina I Schmitt
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara M Braunger
- Institute of Human Anatomy and Embryology, University RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
| | - Diana Pauly
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital RegensburgRegensburg, Germany
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