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Le Tourneau C, Becker H, Claus R, Elez E, Ricci F, Fritsch R, Silber Y, Hennequin A, Tabernero J, Jayadeva G, Luedtke D, He M, Isambert N. Two phase I studies of BI 836880, a vascular endothelial growth factor/angiopoietin-2 inhibitor, administered once every 3 weeks or once weekly in patients with advanced solid tumors. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100576. [PMID: 36108560 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND BI 836880 is a humanized bispecific nanobody® that inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2. Here, we report results from two phase I, nonrandomized, dose-escalation studies (NCT02674152 and NCT02689505; funded by Boehringer Ingelheim) evaluating BI 836880 in patients with confirmed locally advanced or metastatic solid tumors, refractory to standard therapy, or for which standard therapy was ineffective. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients aged ≥18 years, with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2 and adequate organ function received escalating intravenous doses of BI 836880 once every 3 weeks (Q3W; Study 1336.1) or once weekly (QW; Study 1336.6). Primary objectives were maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose of BI 836880, based on dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during the first cycle. RESULTS Patients received one of five dosages of 40-1000 mg Q3W (29 patients) or 40-240 mg QW (24 patients). One DLT occurred with Q3W treatment [Grade (G) 3 pulmonary embolism (1000 mg)]. Five DLTs occurred in four patients treated QW [G2 proteinuria (120 mg); G3 hypertension (180 mg); G3 proteinuria and G3 hypertension (240 mg); and G4 respiratory distress (240 mg)]. All patients experienced adverse events, most commonly hypertension with Q3W treatment (89.7%; G3 41.4%), and asthenia with QW treatment (62.5%). Two patients treated Q3W (both 1000 mg) and three patients treated QW (120 mg, 2 patients; 180 mg, 1 patient) experienced partial response. CONCLUSIONS The MTD of BI 836880 was 720 mg Q3W and 180 mg QW. BI 836880 was generally manageable and demonstrated preliminary efficacy. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.govNCT02674152; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02674152 and NCT02689505; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02689505.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Le Tourneau
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, INSERM U900 Research Unit, Paris-Saclay University, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France.
| | - H Becker
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Claus
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Medical Faculty Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - E Elez
- Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Ricci
- Department of Drug Development and Innovation (D3i), Institut Curie, INSERM U900 Research Unit, Paris-Saclay University, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France
| | - R Fritsch
- Department of Medicine I (Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Y Silber
- Medical Faculty Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
| | - A Hennequin
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - J Tabernero
- Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; UVic-UCC, IOB-Quiron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Jayadeva
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein
| | - D Luedtke
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - M He
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, USA
| | - N Isambert
- Centre Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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Rosell-Hidalgo A, Bruhn C, Shardlow E, Ryder S, Barton R, Reis MFD, Fritsch R, Strock C, Walker P. P11-07 High-content screening and high-throughput RNA sequencing using hiPSC-CMs for the assessment of functional and structural cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schneider M, Linecker M, Fritsch R, Mühlematter U, Stocker D, Pestalozzi B, Samaras P, Jetter A, Kron P, Petrowsky H, Nicolau C, Lehn JM, Humar B, Graf R, Clavien PA, Limani P. Phase Ib dose-escalation study of the hypoxia-modifier myo-inositol trispyrophosphate in patients with hepatopancreatobiliary tumors. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac178.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Hypoxia is present in most solid tumors and acts as a driver of malignancy. Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) is a novel re-oxygenating compound without apparent toxicity. In preclinical models, it potentiates the efficacy of subsequent chemotherapy through vascular normalization. We sought to assess the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of ITPP.
Methods
In this monocentric, open-label, dose-escalation study following a 3+3 design, eligible patients with advanced primary and secondary hepatopancreatobiliary tumors received nine 8-h infusions of ITPP during 3 weeks across eight dose levels (1866–14,500 mg/m2/dose), followed by standard chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints were pharmacokinetics and estimation of efficacy based on radiological responses and angiogenic serum markers. Registration number: NCT02528526.
Results
From April 2015 to July 2018, a total of 28 enrolled patients were assessed for the primary endpoints. ITPP was safe up to single doses of 12,390 mg/m2, and 32 ITPP-related adverse events occurred: 19 (67.8%) hypercalcemia, 5 (17.8%) hyponatremia, and 4 (14.2%) hypomagnesemia. Following ITPP monotherapy, 52% of patients displayed morphological disease stabilization. Following subsequent chemotherapy, 10% showed a partial response, and 60% had stable disease. Angiogenic markers were decreased in 60% after ITPP and tended to correlate with responses and survival after chemotherapy.
Conclusion
Administration of ITPP is safe up to 12,390 mg/m2 with favorable pharmacokinetics. Preliminary translational efficacy data show decreased angiogenic markers, which might indicate an anti-hypoxic effect and enhancement of chemotherapy through ITPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schneider
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Linecker
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Fritsch
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Mühlematter
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Stocker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Pestalozzi
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Samaras
- Oncology Center, Hirslanden Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Jetter
- Department of Pharmacology, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Kron
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Petrowsky
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Nicolau
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University , Boston, USA
| | - J-M Lehn
- Institute of Supramolecular Science and Engineering, University of Strasbourg , Strasbourg, France
| | - B Humar
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Graf
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P-A Clavien
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Limani
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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Norero B, Siebenhuener A, Kössler T, Usdin N, Semela D, Stillhard R, Meyer-Herborn P, Bergamin I, Fritsch R, Kremer A, Blümel S, Hussung S, Schwacha-Eipper B. P-137 Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in unresectable or advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Real life data from 5 Swiss centers. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Pavic M, Niyazi M, Wilke L, Corradini S, Vornhülz M, Mansmann U, Al Tawil A, Fritsch R, Hörner-Rieber J, Debus J, Guckenberger M, Belka C, Mayerle J, Beyer G. MR-guided adaptive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of primary tumor for pain control in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC): an open randomized, multicentric, parallel group clinical trial (MASPAC). Radiat Oncol 2022; 17:18. [PMID: 35078490 PMCID: PMC8788088 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-022-01988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pain symptoms in the upper abdomen and back are prevalent in 80% of patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (mPDAC), where the current standard treatment is a systemic therapy consisting of at least doublet-chemotherapy for fit patients. Palliative low-dose radiotherapy is a well-established local treatment option but there is some evidence for a better and longer pain response after a dose-intensified radiotherapy of the primary pancreatic cancer (pPCa). Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) can deliver high radiation doses in few fractions, therefore reducing chemotherapy-free intervals. However, prospective data on pain control after SBRT of pPCa is very limited. Therefore, we aim to investigate the impact of SBRT on pain control in patients with mPDAC in a prospective trial.
Methods
This is a prospective, double-arm, randomized controlled, international multicenter study testing the added benefit of MR-guided adaptive SBRT of the pPca embedded between standard of care-chemotherapy (SoC-CT) cycles for pain control and prevention of pain in patients with mPDAC. 92 patients with histologically proven mPDAC and at least stable disease after initial 8 weeks of SoC-CT will be eligible for the trial and 1:1 randomized in 3 centers in Germany and Switzerland to either experimental arm A, receiving MR-guided SBRT of the pPCa with 5 × 6.6 Gy at 80% isodose with continuation of SoC-CT thereafter, or control arm B, continuing SoC-CT without SBRT. Daily MR-guided plan adaptation intents to achieve good target coverage, while simultaneously minimizing dose to organs at risk. Patients will be followed up for minimum 6 and maximum of 18 months. The primary endpoint of the study is the “mean cumulative pain index” rated every 4 weeks until death or end of study using numeric rating scale.
Discussion
An adequate long-term control of pain symptoms in patients with mPDAC is an unmet clinical need. Despite improvements in systemic treatment, local complications due to pPCa remain a clinical challenge. We hypothesize that patients with mPDAC will benefit from a local treatment of the pPCa by MR-guided SBRT in terms of a durable pain control with a simultaneously favorable safe toxicity profile translating into an improvement of quality-of-life.
Trial registration
German Registry for Clinical Trials (DRKS): DRKS00025801. Meanwhile the study is also registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the Identifier: NCT05114213.
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Ludwig S, Schmid L, Kahraman A, Rechsteiner M, Zoche M, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Siebenhüner A, Dedes K, Kiessling M, Fritsch R, Wicki A, Moch H, Weber A, Britschgi C. 1834P Impact of comprehensive genomic profiling and molecular tumor board decision on clinical outcome of patients with solid tumors: A single center, retrospective analysis. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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7
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Hipp J, Hussung S, Timme-Bronsert S, Boerries M, Biesel E, Fichtner-Feigl S, Fritsch R, Wittel UA. Perioperative cell-free mutant KRAS dynamics in patients with pancreatic cancer. Br J Surg 2021; 108:239-243. [PMID: 33793718 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This prospective observational biomarker trial evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating KRAS mutations (cmKRAS) and their perioperative dynamics in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Plasma cmKRAS samples (G12D, G12V, G12R, and G12C) were analysed by droplet digital PCR in 51 patients with resectable PDAC, 20 with advanced PDAC, and 34 with non-malignant pancreatic pathology. Preoperative detection of cmKRAS alone did not correlate with poorer overall and disease-free survival in this patient cohort. However, a perioperative change in cmKRAS, particularly accurate when an intraoperative sample was included, was identified as a new and useful marker for prediction of prolonged survival.
Promising biomarker
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hipp
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Centre of Surgery, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Hussung
- Department of Medicine (Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Timme-Bronsert
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Tumorbank Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Boerries
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and System Medicine, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Freiburg (CCCF), Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Biesel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Centre of Surgery, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Fichtner-Feigl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Centre of Surgery, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Fritsch
- Department of Medicine (Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation), Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U A Wittel
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Centre of Surgery, Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Gkika E, Strouthos I, Adebahr S, Kirste S, Bettinger D, Fritsch R, Brass V, Maruschke L, Neeff H, Lang S, Nestle U, Grosu A, Brunner T. EP-1432: Safety of repeated stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for recurrent liver malignancies. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Kastner S, Priebe S, Fritsch R, Mundt AP. P-40 * PREVALENCE RATES OF MENTAL DISORDERS IN CONSECUTIVELY ADMITTED FEMALE PRISONERS IN CHILE. Alcohol Alcohol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agu054.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels, a subfamily of store-operated channels, play an essential role in various diseases such as immune disorders and allergic responses. OBJECTIVE The successful treatment of these diseases requires the identification of specific inhibitors. So far, a variety of chemical compounds blocking CRAC have been identified; however, they have all turned out to be less specific. Recently two proteins, STIM1 and ORAI1, have been identified as the essential components that fully reconstitute CRAC currents with a similar biophysical fingerprint. METHOD These two proteins and their activation process represent direct targets for the application of specific CRAC inhibitors. RESULTS/CONCLUSION For drug development, fluorescence microscopy adaptable for high-throughput screening will provide a powerful assay to mechanistically identify potential CRAC inhibitors that act on various stages within the STIM1/ORAI1 activation pathway visualized by fluorescent-tagged proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Derler
- University of Linz, Institute of Biophysics, A-4040 Linz, Austria +43 732 2468 9272 ; +43 732 2468 9280 ; ;
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Schindl R, Fritsch R, Jardin I, Frischauf I, Kahr H, Muik M, Riedl MC, Groschner K, Romanin C. TRPC 1 acts as a Negative Regulator for TRPV6 Mediated Ca2+ Influx. Biophys J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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Derler I, Schindl R, Fritsch R, Heftberger P, Riedl MC, Begg M, House D, Romanin C. The action of selective CRAC channel blockers is affected by the Orai pore geometry. Cell Calcium 2012; 53:139-51. [PMID: 23218667 PMCID: PMC3580291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As the molecular composition of calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels has been unknown for two decades, elucidation of selective inhibitors has been considerably hampered. By the identification of the two key components of CRAC channels, STIM1 and Orai1 have emerged as promising targets for CRAC blockers. The aim of this study was to thoroughly characterize the effects of two selective CRAC channel blockers on currents derived from STIM1/Orai heterologoulsy expressed in HEK293 cells. The novel compounds GSK-7975A and GSK-5503A were tested for effects on STIM1 mediated Orai1 or Orai3 currents by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and for the effects on STIM1 oligomerisation or STIM1/Orai coupling by FRET microscopy. To investigate their site of action, inhibitory effects of these molecules were explored using Orai pore mutants. The GSK blockers inhibited Orai1 and Orai3 currents with an IC50 of approximately 4 μM and exhibited a substantially slower rate of onset than the typical pore blocker La3+, together with almost no current recovery upon wash-out over 4 min. For the less Ca2+-selective Orai1 E106D pore mutant, ICRAC inhibition was significantly reduced. FRET experiments indicated that neither STIM1–STIM1 oligomerization nor STIM1–Orai1 coupling was affected by these compounds. These CRAC channel blockers are acting downstream of STIM1 oligomerization and STIM1/Orai1 interaction, potentially via an allosteric effect on the selectivity filter of Orai. The elucidation of these CRAC current blockers represents a significant step toward the identification of CRAC channel-selective drug compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, 4040 Linz, Austria
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13
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Schindl R, Fritsch R, Jardin I, Frischauf I, Kahr H, Muik M, Riedl MC, Groschner K, Romanin C. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) 1 acts as a negative regulator for vanilloid TRPV6-mediated Ca2+ influx. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:35612-35620. [PMID: 22932896 PMCID: PMC3471760 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.400952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
TRP proteins mostly assemble to homomeric channels but can also heteromerize, preferentially within their subfamilies. The TRPC1 protein is the most versatile member and forms various TRPC channel combinations but also unique channels with the distantly related TRPP2 and TRPV4. We show here a novel cross-family interaction between TRPC1 and TRPV6, a Ca2+ selective member of the vanilloid TRP subfamily. TRPV6 exhibited substantial co-localization and in vivo interaction with TRPC1 in HEK293 cells, however, no interaction was observed with TRPC3, TRPC4, or TRPC5. Ca2+ and Na+ currents of TRPV6-overexpressing HEK293 cells are significantly reduced by co-expression of TRPC1, correlating with a dramatically suppressed plasma membrane targeting of TRPV6. In line with their intracellular retention, remaining currents of TRPC1 and TRPV6 co-expression resemble in current-voltage relationship that of TRPV6. Studying the N-terminal ankyrin like repeat domain, structurally similar in the two proteins, we have found that these cytosolic segments were sufficient to mediate a direct heteromeric interaction. Moreover, the inhibitory role of TRPC1 on TRPV6 influx was also maintained by expression of only its N-terminal ankyrin-like repeat domain. Our experiments provide evidence for a functional interaction of TRPC1 with TRPV6 that negatively regulates Ca2+ influx in HEK293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schindl
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria.
| | - Reinhard Fritsch
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Irene Frischauf
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Heike Kahr
- School of Engineering/Enviromental/Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, A-4600 Wels, Austria
| | - Martin Muik
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Klaus Groschner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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Abstract
Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels mediate a sustained Ca2+ influx following depletion of endoplasmic reticulum stores. This signalling cascade that triggers T-cell activation or mast cell degranulation involves STIM1, the Ca2+ sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the Ca2+ selective Orai channel in the plasma membrane. This review describes the molecular mechanism (s) governing the STIM1/Orai signalling machinery. Moreover, we provide an overview on additional proteins modulating or interacting with the STIM1/Orai1 system. A structure-function relationship highlights regions within STIM1/Orai proteins contributing to activation, permeation and inactivation of CRAC currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Derler
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
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15
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Derler I, Schindl R, Heftberger P, Fritsch R, Begg M, House D, Romanin C. Two Novel CRAC Channel Inhibitors Targeting the Orai Pore. Biophys J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.11.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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16
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Madl J, Weghuber J, Fritsch R, Derler I, Fahrner M, Frischauf I, Lackner B, Romanin C, Schütz GJ. Resting-State Orai1 Diffuses as Homotetramer in the Plasma Membrane of Live Mammalian Cells. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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Schindl R, Frischauf I, Bergsmann J, Derler I, Fahrner M, Fritsch R, Lackner B, Groschner K, Romanin C. Cooperativeness of Orai Cytosolic Domains Tunes Subtype-Specific Gating. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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18
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Frischauf I, Schindl R, Bergsmann J, Derler I, Fahrner M, Muik M, Fritsch R, Lackner B, Groschner K, Romanin C. Cooperativeness of Orai cytosolic domains tunes subtype-specific gating. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:8577-8584. [PMID: 21220423 PMCID: PMC3048740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.187179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of immune cells is triggered by the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ current, which is mediated via channels of the Orai protein family. A key gating process of the three Orai channel isoforms to prevent Ca2+ overload is fast inactivation, most pronounced in Orai3. A subsequent reactivation is a unique gating characteristic of Orai1 channels, whereas Orai2 and Orai3 currents display a second, slow inactivation phase. Employing a chimeric approach by sequential swapping of respective intra- and extracellular regions between Orai1 and Orai3, we show here that Orai1 specific proline/arginine-rich domains in the N terminus mediate reactivation, whereas the second, intracellular loop modulates fast and slow gating processes. Swapping C-terminal strands lacks a significant impact. However, simultaneous transfer of Orai3 N terminus and its second loop or C terminus in an Orai1 chimera substantially increases fast inactivation centered between wild-type channels. Concomitant swap of all three cytosolic strands from Orai3 onto Orai1 fully conveys Orai3-like gating characteristics, in a strongly cooperative manner. In conclusion, Orai subtype-specific gating requires a cooperative interplay of all three cytosolic domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Frischauf
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and
| | - Rainer Schindl
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and.
| | - Judith Bergsmann
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and
| | - Isabella Derler
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and
| | - Marc Fahrner
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and
| | - Martin Muik
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and
| | - Reinhard Fritsch
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and
| | - Barbara Lackner
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and
| | - Klaus Groschner
- the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Romanin
- From the Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria and.
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Madl J, Weghuber J, Fritsch R, Derler I, Fahrner M, Frischauf I, Lackner B, Romanin C, Schütz GJ. Resting state Orai1 diffuses as homotetramer in the plasma membrane of live mammalian cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41135-42. [PMID: 20961852 PMCID: PMC3003411 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.177881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated calcium entry is essential for many signaling processes in nonexcitable cells. The best studied store-operated calcium current is the calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) current in T-cells and mast cells, with Orai1 representing the essential pore forming subunit. Although it is known that functional CRAC channels in store-depleted cells are composed of four Orai1 subunits, the stoichiometric composition in quiescent cells is still discussed controversially: both a tetrameric and a dimeric stoichiometry of resting state Orai1 have been reported. We obtained here robust and similar FRET values on labeled tandem repeat constructs of Orai1 before and after store depletion, suggesting an unchanged tetrameric stoichiometry. Moreover, we directly visualized the stoichiometry of mobile Orai1 channels in live cells using a new single molecule recording modality that combines single molecule tracking and brightness analysis. By alternating imaging and photobleaching pulses, we recorded trajectories of single, fluorescently labeled Orai1 channels, with each trajectory consisting of bright and dim segments, corresponding to higher and lower numbers of colocalized active GFP label. The according brightness values were used for global fitting and statistical analysis, yielding a tetrameric subunit composition of mobile Orai1 channels in resting cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Madl
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Julian Weghuber
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Reinhard Fritsch
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Isabella Derler
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Marc Fahrner
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Irene Frischauf
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Barbara Lackner
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Romanin
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard J. Schütz
- From the Biophysics Institute, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Muik M, Fahrner M, Schindl R, Derler I, Frischauf I, Bergsmann J, Fritsch R, Groschner K, Romanin C. Conformational Rearrangement within STIM1 C-terminus Crucial for Coupling to Orai1. Biophys J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Fahrner M, Muik M, Derler I, Schindl R, Fritsch R, Frischauf I, Romanin C. Mechanistic view on domains mediating STIM1-Orai coupling. Immunol Rev 2009; 231:99-112. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2009.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muik M, Fahrner M, Derler I, Schindl R, Frischauf I, Bergsmann J, Fritsch R, Madl J, Groschner K, Romanin C. An Orai1 Activating Minimal Fragment Of Stim1. Biophys J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Schindl R, Bergsmann J, Frischauf I, Derler I, Fahrner M, Muik M, Fritsch R, Groschner K, Romanin C. 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate alters selectivity of Orai3 channels by increasing their pore size. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20261-7. [PMID: 18499656 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Stim1 in the endoplasmic reticulum and the three Orai (also termed CRACM) channels in the plasma-membrane are main components of native Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channels. A pharmacological hallmark of these channels is their distinct sensitivity to 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). Here we report that Orai3 currents can be robustly stimulated by 75 microm 2-APB independent of Stim1, whereas 2-APB at similar concentrations inhibited store-operated Orai1 currents. 2-APB did not only promote currents through Orai3 channels but also dramatically altered ion selectivity of Orai3 channels. This allowed for permeation of monovalent cations both in the inward as well as outward direction, which is in sharp contrast to the high Ca(2+) selectivity of store-operated Orai3 currents. An Orai3-R66W mutant, which lacked in analogy to the severe combined immune deficiency mutant Orai1-R91W store-operated activation, was also found to be resistant to 2-APB stimulation. The change in selectivity by 2-APB was associated with an increase in Orai3 minimum pore size from about 3.8A to more than 5.34 A. In line with a potential interaction of 2-APB with the Orai3 pore, among three pore mutants tested, the Orai3 E165Q mutant particularly resembled in its permeation properties those of 2-APB stimulated Orai3 and additionally exhibited a reduced response to 2-APB. In aggregate, stimulation of Orai3 currents by 2-APB occurred along with an alteration of the permeation pathway that represents a unique mechanism for regulating ion channel selectivity by chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schindl
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, Linz, Austria.
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24
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Singh A, Gebhart M, Fritsch R, Sinnegger-Brauns MJ, Poggiani C, Hoda JC, Engel J, Romanin C, Striessnig J, Koschak A. Modulation of voltage- and Ca2+-dependent gating of CaV1.3 L-type calcium channels by alternative splicing of a C-terminal regulatory domain. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:20733-44. [PMID: 18482979 PMCID: PMC2475692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m802254200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Low voltage activation of Ca(V)1.3 L-type Ca(2+) channels controls excitability in sensory cells and central neurons as well as sinoatrial node pacemaking. Ca(V)1.3-mediated pacemaking determines neuronal vulnerability of dopaminergic striatal neurons affected in Parkinson disease. We have previously found that in Ca(V)1.4 L-type Ca(2+) channels, activation, voltage, and calcium-dependent inactivation are controlled by an intrinsic distal C-terminal modulator. Because alternative splicing in the Ca(V)1.3 alpha1 subunit C terminus gives rise to a long (Ca(V)1.3(42)) and a short form (Ca(V)1.3(42A)), we investigated if a C-terminal modulatory mechanism also controls Ca(V)1.3 gating. The biophysical properties of both splice variants were compared after heterologous expression together with beta3 and alpha2delta1 subunits in HEK-293 cells. Activation of calcium current through Ca(V)1.3(42A) channels was more pronounced at negative voltages, and inactivation was faster because of enhanced calcium-dependent inactivation. By investigating several Ca(V)1.3 channel truncations, we restricted the modulator activity to the last 116 amino acids of the C terminus. The resulting Ca(V)1.3(DeltaC116) channels showed gating properties similar to Ca(V)1.3(42A) that were reverted by co-expression of the corresponding C-terminal peptide C(116). Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments confirmed an intramolecular protein interaction in the C terminus of Ca(V)1.3 channels that also modulates calmodulin binding. These experiments revealed a novel mechanism of channel modulation enabling cells to tightly control Ca(V)1.3 channel activity by alternative splicing. The absence of the C-terminal modulator in short splice forms facilitates Ca(V)1.3 channel activation at lower voltages expected to favor Ca(V)1.3 activity at threshold voltages as required for modulation of neuronal firing behavior and sinoatrial node pacemaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Singh
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1/I, Innsbruck, Austria
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25
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Muik M, Frischauf I, Derler I, Fahrner M, Bergsmann J, Eder P, Schindl R, Hesch C, Polzinger B, Fritsch R, Kahr H, Madl J, Gruber H, Groschner K, Romanin C. Dynamic coupling of the putative coiled-coil domain of ORAI1 with STIM1 mediates ORAI1 channel activation. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:8014-22. [PMID: 18187424 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708898200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STIM1 and ORAI1 (also termed CRACM1) are essential components of the classical calcium release-activated calcium current; however, the mechanism of the transmission of information of STIM1 to the calcium release-activated calcium/ORAI1 channel is as yet unknown. Here we demonstrate by Förster resonance energy transfer microscopy a dynamic coupling of STIM1 and ORAI1 that culminates in the activation of Ca(2+) entry. Förster resonance energy transfer imaging of living cells provided insight into the time dependence of crucial events of this signaling pathway comprising Ca(2+) store depletion, STIM1 multimerization, and STIM1-ORAI1 interaction. Accelerated store depletion allowed resolving a significant time lag between STIM1-STIM1 and STIM1-ORAI1 interactions. Store refilling reversed both STIM1 multimerization and STIM1-ORAI1 interaction. The cytosolic STIM1 C terminus itself was able, in vitro as well as in vivo, to associate with ORAI1 and to stimulate channel function, yet without ORAI1-STIM1 cluster formation. The dynamic interaction occurred via the C terminus of ORAI1 that includes a putative coiled-coil domain structure. An ORAI1 C terminus deletion mutant as well as a mutant (L273S) with impeded coiled-coil domain formation lacked both interaction as well as functional communication with STIM1 and failed to generate Ca(2+) inward currents. An N-terminal deletion mutant of ORAI1 as well as the ORAI1 R91W mutant linked to severe combined immune deficiency syndrome was similarly impaired in terms of current activation despite being able to interact with STIM1. Hence, the C-terminal coiled-coil motif of ORAI1 represents a key domain for dynamic coupling to STIM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Muik
- Institute of Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Singh A, Gebhart M, Fritsch R, Hoda JC, Sinnegger-Brauns M, Romanin C, Striessnig J, Koschak A. C-terminal splicing reveals intramolecular gating modulation in CaV1.3 L-type Ca2+ channels. BMC Pharmacol 2007. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-7-s2-a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Schneider G, Reichert M, Saur D, Hamacher R, Fritsch R, Schmid RM. HDAC3 is linked to cell cycle machinery in MiaPaCa2 cells by regulating transcription of skp2. Cell Prolif 2007; 40:522-31. [PMID: 17635519 PMCID: PMC6495918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2007.00454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been linked to cell cycle control in various models, involving regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(Kip1). RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that HDAC inhibition by trichostatin A reduces S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 mRNA and protein abundance. Furthermore, in contrast to HDAC1, recruited to the skp2 promoter in the G(0) phase, HDAC3 is bound in early S phase. Activating function of HDAC3 towards the skp2 gene has been validated using RNA interference techniques. siRNAs, targeting HDAC3 specifically, reduced skp2 transcription. CONCLUSION These findings propose that the skp2 gene is a novel target of HDAC3, mediating cell cycle control and oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schneider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Schindl R, Frischauf I, Kahr H, Fritsch R, Krenn M, Derndl A, Vales E, Muik M, Derler I, Groschner K, Romanin C. The first ankyrin-like repeat is the minimum indispensable key structure for functional assembly of homo- and heteromeric TRPC4/TRPC5 channels. Cell Calcium 2007; 43:260-9. [PMID: 17624425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The closely related TRPC4 and TRPC5 proteins, members of the canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) family, assemble into either homo- or heterotetrameric, non-selective cation-channels. To elucidate domains that mediate channel complex formation, we evaluated dominant negative effects of N- or C-terminal TRPC4/5 fragments on respective currents of full-length proteins overexpressed in HEK293 cells with whole-cell electrophysiology. Confocal Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements enabled to probe the interaction potential of these CFP/YFP-labelled fragments in vivo. Only N-terminal fragments that included the first ankyrin-like repeat potently down-regulated TRPC4/TRPC5 currents, while fragments including either the second ankyrin-like repeat and the coiled-coil domain or the C-terminus remained ineffective. Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy data suggested that the dominant negative N-terminal fragments led to a predominantly intracellular localisation of coexpressed TRPC5 proteins. FRET measurements clearly revealed that only fragments including the first ankyrin-like repeat were able to multimerise. Moreover a TRPC5 mutant that lacked the first ankyrin-like repeat was unable to homo-multimerise, failed to interact with wild-type TRPC5 and resulted in non-functional channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schindl
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Araya AV, Rojas P, Fritsch R, Rojas R, Herrera L, Rojas G, Gatica H, Silva H, Fiedler JL. Early response to venlafaxine antidepressant correlates with lower ACTH levels prior to pharmacological treatment. Endocrine 2006; 30:289-98. [PMID: 17526941 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-006-0007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A link between stressful life events and development or exacerbation of depression has been established via a large body of evidence. An alteration in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in depression has also been associated with an increase in cortisol secretion. As arginine-vasopressin (AVP) plays an important role in the activation of HPA axis during stress, the present study investigated ACTH and cortisol secretory response induced by an AVP-related peptide desmopressin (ddAVP) in patients with major depression. Prior to antidepressant treatment, endocrinological parameters were evaluated and correlated with the clinical response to venlafaxine treatment, which offers a dual antidepressant action. Depressive patients with no other psychiatric pathology were evaluated with 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) in order to follow-up the response to venlafaxine. After 1 wk of treatment, 60% of patients reduced their initial HAM-D score to at least 25%; this group was classified as early responders. The other group (40%) started to reduce significantly their HAM-D score after 3 wk of treatment and was classified as late responders. After 6 wk of treatment both groups have reduced HAM-D score to at least 25% of the baseline score. Prior to the pharmacological treatment, both early and late responders showed salivary cortisol rhythm and urinary free cortisol (UFC) in 24-h similar to healthy subjects. However, we did observe differences in basal ACTH secretion, showing that the late responder group had higher basal ACTH than both early responders and controls. The ddAVP challenge promoted a robust secretion of ACTH only in late responders, suggesting a different sensitivity of pituitary vasopressin receptor. The differences in clinical response to venlafaxine among depressive patients seem to be related to endocrinological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Araya
- Clinic Hospital, Universidad de Chile, Chile
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31
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Derler I, Hofbauer M, Kahr H, Fritsch R, Muik M, Kepplinger K, Hack ME, Moritz S, Schindl R, Groschner K, Romanin C. Dynamic but not constitutive association of calmodulin with rat TRPV6 channels enables fine tuning of Ca2+-dependent inactivation. J Physiol 2006; 577:31-44. [PMID: 16959851 PMCID: PMC2000671 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.118661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-selective TRPV6 as well as the L-type Ca(2+) channel are regulated by the Ca(2+)-binding protein calmodulin (CaM). Here, we investigated the interaction of CaM with rat (r)TRPV6 in response to alterations of intracellular Ca(2+), employing Ca(2+)-imaging and patch-clamp techniques. Additionally, confocal Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) microscopy on living cells was utilized as a key method to visualize in vivo protein-protein interactions essential for CaM regulation of rTRPV6 activity. The effects of overexpressed CaM or its Ca(2+)-insensitive mutant (CaM(MUT)) was probed on various rTRPV6 mutants and fragments in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Ca(2+)/CaM-dependent regulation and to pinpoint the physiologically relevant rTRPV6-CaM interaction site. A significant reduction of rTRPV6 activity, as well as an increase in current inactivation, were observed when CaM was overexpressed in addition to endogenous CaM. The Ca(2+)-insensitive CaM(MUT), however, failed to affect rTRPV6-derived currents. Accordingly, live cell confocal FRET microscopy revealed a robust interaction for CaM but not CaM(MUT) with rTRPV6, suggesting a strict Ca(2+) dependence for their association. Indeed, interaction of rTRPV6 or its C terminus with CaM increased with rising intracellular Ca(2+) levels, as observed by dynamic FRET measurements. An rTRPV6Delta(695-727) mutant with the very C-terminal end deleted, yielded Ca(2+) currents with a markedly reduced inactivation in accordance with a lack of CaM interaction as substantiated by FRET microscopy. These results, in contrast with those for CaM-dependent L-type Ca(2+) channel inactivation, demonstrate a dynamic association of CaM with the very C-terminal end of rTRPV6 (aa 695-727), and this enables acceleration of the rate of rTRPV6 current inactivation with increasing intracellular CaM concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Derler
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, Altenbergerstr. 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Friesen N, Fritsch R, Blattner F. Phylogeny and New Intrageneric Classification of Allium (Alliaceae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal DNA ITS Sequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.5642/aliso.20062201.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Stummvoll GH, Fritsch R, Meyer B, Aringer M, Smolen JS, Steiner G. Autoreactive T cells to histone H1 and core histones in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2005. [PMCID: PMC2834137 DOI: 10.1186/ar1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- GH Stummvoll
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - R Fritsch
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - B Meyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - M Aringer
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - JS Smolen
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - G Steiner
- Department of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Kahr H, Schindl R, Fritsch R, Heinze B, Hofbauer M, Hack ME, Mörtelmaier MA, Groschner K, Peng JB, Takanaga H, Hediger MA, Romanin C. CaT1 knock-down strategies fail to affect CRAC channels in mucosal-type mast cells. J Physiol 2004; 557:121-32. [PMID: 15020691 PMCID: PMC1665038 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2004.062653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CaT1, the calcium transport protein 1 encoded by TRPV6, is able to generate a Ca(2+) conductance similar but not identical to the classical CRAC current in mucosal-type mast cells. Here we show that CaT1-derived Ca(2+) entry into HEK293 cells is effectively inhibited either by expression of various dominant negative N-terminal fragments of CaT1 (N(334)-CaT1, N(198)-CaT1 and N(154)-CaT1) or by antisense suppression. By contrast, the endogenous CRAC current of the mast cells was unaffected by CaT1 antisense and siRNA knockdown but markedly suppressed by two (N(334)-CaT1, N(198)-CaT1) of the dominant negative N-CaT1 fragments. Inhibition of CRAC current was not an unspecific, toxic effect, as inward rectifier K(+) and MagNuM currents of the mast cells were not significantly affected by these N-CaT1 fragments. The shortest N(154)-CaT1 fragment inhibited CaT1-derived currents in mast cells, but failed to inhibit CRAC currents. Thus, the structural requirements of rCaT N-terminal fragments for inhibition of rCaT1 and CRAC channels are different. These results together with the lack of CaT1 antisense and siRNA effects on currents render it unlikely that CaT1 is a component of native CRAC channels in mast cells. The data further demonstrate a novel strategy for CRAC current inhibition by an N-terminal structure of CaT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Kahr
- Institute for Biophysics, University of Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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Fritsch R, Mohr W, Heiss R. Untersuchungen über die Aroma-Erhaltung bei der Trocknung von Lebensmitteln nach verschiedenen Verfahren. CHEM-ING-TECH 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.330430709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To assess which indicators of socioeconomic status are associated with an increased prevalence of common mental disorders. DESIGN Cross sectional household survey. SETTING Santiago, Chile. PARTICIPANTS Random sample of adults aged 16-65 residing in private households. MAIN RESULTS Less education (odds ratio 2.44, 95% confidence intervals 1.50 to 3.97), a recent income decrease (odds ratio 2.14, 1.70 to 2.70), and poor housing (odds ratio 1.53, 1.05 to 2.23), were the only socioeconomic status variables that remained significantly associated with an increased prevalence of common mental disorders after adjustments. The prevalence of common mental disorders was also higher among people with manual unskilled occupations, overcrowded housing, and lower per capita income but these associations disappeared after adjustment for other explanatory and confounding variables. CONCLUSIONS There is a strong, inverse, and independent association between education and common mental disorders. However, income was not associated with the prevalence of common mental disorders, after adjusting for other socioeconomic variables. Similar results have been found in other Latin American studies but British studies tend to find the opposite, that income but not education is associated with common mental disorders. Understanding the impact of socioeconomic factors on mental health requires research in poor as well as rich countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Araya
- University of Bristol, Division of Psychiatry, Bristol, UK.
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37
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Geisler F, Storr M, Fritsch R, Rösch T, Classen M, Allescher HD. Endoscopic treatment of a Zenker's diverticulum using argon plasma coagulation in a patient with massive cachexia and esophageal obstruction: a case report and review of literature. Dis Esophagus 2003; 15:180-5. [PMID: 12220429 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-2050.2002.00231.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A case report is presented of an 86-year-old man in a very poor general condition with a 10-year history of a Zenker's diverticulum as a cause of a complete obstruction of the esophagus with subsequent aphagia and massive cachexia. Because of high surgical risk and contraindications to general anesthesia, an approach with the flexible endoscope to perform cricopharyngeal myotomy was undertaken. Several attempts with the flexible endoscope by experienced investigators had been performed until the esophageal inlet was intubated and argon plasma coagulation could be applied in several sessions to divide the tissue bridge between the esophagus and the Zenker diverticulum to successfully restore the pharyngoesophageal passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Geisler
- GAP, Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany.
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Schett G, Monneaux F, Hoefler E, Fritsch R, Tohidast-Akrad M, Smolen J, Muller S, Steiner G. Autoantibodies to hnRNP-A2 in SLE: identification of disease-specific linear epitopes and correlation with disease activity and clinical features. Arthritis Res Ther 2003. [PMCID: PMC2833592 DOI: 10.1186/ar655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Schett
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - F Monneaux
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - E Hoefler
- Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Rheumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Fritsch
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - J Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Vienna, Austria,Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Rheumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Muller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - G Steiner
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Vienna, Austria,Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Rheumatology, Vienna, Austria
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Fritsch R, Storr M, Geisler F, Kurjak M, Berger H, Rösch T, Allescher HD, Classen M. Simultaneous perforation of three major liver blood vessels by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Endoscopy 2002; 34:844. [PMID: 12244514 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-34253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Fritsch
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Germany
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Fritsch R, Eselböck D, Jahn-Schmid B, Neumueller J, Bohle B, Skriner K, Smolen J, Steiner G. Characterization of RA33 (hnRNP-A2/B1)-autoreactive T cells in SLE-patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2001. [PMCID: PMC3273193 DOI: 10.1186/ar228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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41
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Fritsch R, Eselböck D, Jahn-Schmid B, Scheinecker C, Bohle B, Skriner K, Neumüller J, Smolen J, Steiner G. Characterization of autoreactive T cells to the autoantigens hnRNP-A2/RA33 and filaggrin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls. Arthritis Res Ther 2001. [PMCID: PMC3273279 DOI: 10.1186/ar223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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42
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Kurjak M, Fritsch R, Saur D, Schusdziarra V, Allescher HD. Functional coupling between nitric oxide synthesis and VIP release within enteric nerve terminals of the rat: involvement of protein kinase G and phosphodiesterase 5. J Physiol 2001; 534:827-36. [PMID: 11483712 PMCID: PMC2278726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The subcellular mechanisms involved in the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) were examined in synaptosomes isolated from rat small intestine. 2. VIP release was stimulated by the NO donor SNAP (10(-7)-10(-4) M) in an oxyhaemoglobin-sensitive manner. The presence of the guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (10(-5) M), or inhibition of protein kinase G (PKG) by KT 5823 (3 x 10(-6) M) or Rp-8Br-PET-cGMPS (5 x 10(-7) M), antagonized the SNAP-induced VIP release, suggesting a regulatory role of PKG, confirming previously published data from enteric ganglia. This finding was further supported by the fact that direct PKG activation by the stable cGMP analogue 8-pCPT-cGMP stimulated VIP secretion to the same extent as SNAP. 3. Basal VIP secretion was enhanced in the presence of zaprinast, an inhibitor of cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5), suggesting a functional role of PDE 5 in NO-cGMP signalling. Supportive evidence for this finding was obtained by demonstration of the presence of PDE 5 using RT-PCR. 4. Stimulation of endogenous NO production by L-arginine was also effective in releasing VIP. The effect was abolished in the presence of KT 5823, but was insensitive to oxyhaemoglobin (10(-3) M), suggesting that an interaction between NO and VIP is likely to occur within the same nerve terminal rather than between terminals. 5. NO synthesis was not affected by VIP (10(-8)-10(-5) M), suggesting that there is no feedback regulation between the NO and the VIP pathways. 6. These findings support the notion that an anatomical and functional interrelationship exists between NO and VIP in enteric nerve terminals and that complex signalling mechanisms involving PKG and PDE 5 contribute to NO-induced VIP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurjak
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been relatively few surveys in Latin America that have attempted to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in private households. AIMS To determine the prevalence of common mental disorders and socio-demographic correlates among adults from Santiago, Chile. METHOD Cross-sectional survey of private households with a probabilistic sampling design was used. Common mental disorders were measured using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised (CIS-R). RESULTS Three thousand eight hundred and seventy adults were interviewed. Twenty-five per cent were CIS-R cases and 13% met criteria for an ICD-10 diagnosis. Low education, female gender, unemployment, separation, low social status and lone parenthood were associated with a higher prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence rates were higher than those found in urban areas of Great Britain, both for ICD-10 diagnoses and 'non-specific neurotic disorders'. Similar socio-demographic factors were associated with an increased prevalence of common mental disorders in Chile as in the UK. There is a need to unify methodologies to be able to compare results internationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Araya
- Psychological Medicine, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff.
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Kurjak M, Fritsch R, Saur D, Schusdziarra V, Allescher HD. NO releases bombesin-like immunoreactivity from enteric synaptosomes by cross-activation of protein kinase A. Am J Physiol 1999; 276:G1521-30. [PMID: 10362657 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.6.g1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the release of bombesin-like immunoreactivity (BLI) was examined in synaptosomes of rat small intestine. The NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP; 10(-7) to 10(-4) M) significantly stimulated BLI release. In the presence of the NO scavenger oxyhemoglobin (10(-3) M) or the guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (10(-5) M), SNAP-induced BLI release was antagonized. In addition, SNAP increased the synaptosomal cGMP content and elevation of cGMP levels by zaprinast (3 x 10(-5) M), an inhibitor of the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 5, and increased basal and SNAP-induced BLI release. NO-induced BLI release was blocked by Rp-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (3 x 10(-5) M and 10(-4) M), an inhibitor of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, whereas KT-5823 (3 x 10(-6) M) and Rp-8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cGMP (5 x 10(-5) M), inhibitors of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase G, had no effect. Because cGMP inhibits the cAMP-specific PDE3, thereby increasing cAMP levels, the role of PDE3 was investigated. Trequinsin (10(-8) M), a specific blocker of PDE3, stimulated basal BLI release but had no additive effect on NO-induced release, suggesting a similar mechanism of action. These data demonstrate that because of a cross-activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A by endogenous cGMP BLI can be released by NO from enteric synaptosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kurjak
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Lindek S, Fritsch R, Machtynger J, de Alarcón PA, Chagoyen M. Design and realization of an on-line database for multidimensional microscopic images of biological specimens. J Struct Biol 1999; 125:103-11. [PMID: 10222267 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.1999.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The BioImage database is a new scientific database for multidimensional microscopic images of biological specimens, which is available through the World Wide Web (WWW). The development of this database has followed an iterative approach, in which requirements and functionality have been revised and extended. The complexity and innovative use of the data meant that technical and biological expertise has been crucial in the initial design of the data model. A controlled vocabulary was introduced to ensure data consistency. Pointers are used to reference information stored in other databases. The data model was built using InfoModeler as a database design tool. The database management system is the Informix Dynamic Server with Universal Data Option. This object-relational system allows the handling of complex data using features such as collection types, inheritance, and user-defined data types. Informix datablades are used to provide additional functionality: the Web Integration Option enables WWW access to the database; the Video Foundation Blade provides functionality for video handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lindek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, D-69012, Germany
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46
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Carazo JM, Stelzer EH, Engel A, Fita I, Henn C, Machtynger J, McNeil P, Shotton DM, Chagoyen M, de Alarcón PA, Fritsch R, Heymann JB, Kalko S, Pittet JJ, Rodriguez-Tomé P, Boudier T. Organising multi-dimensional biological image information: the BioImage Database. Nucleic Acids Res 1999; 27:280-3. [PMID: 9847201 PMCID: PMC148156 DOI: 10.1093/nar/27.1.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays it is possible to unravel complex information at all levels of cellular organization by obtaining multi-dimensional image information. At the macromolecular level, three-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy, together with other techniques, is able to reach resolutions at the nanometer or subnanometer level. The information is delivered in the form of 3D volumes containing samples of a given function, for example, the electron density distribution within a given macromolecule. The same situation happens at the cellular level with the new forms of light microscopy, particularly confocal microscopy, all of which produce biological 3D volume information. Furthermore, it is possible to record sequences of images over time (videos), as well as sequences of volumes, bringing key information on the dynamics of living biological systems. It is in this context that work on BioImage started two years ago, and that its first version is now presented here. In essence, BioImage is a database specifically designed to contain multi-dimensional images, perform queries and interactively work with the resulting multi-dimensional information on the World Wide Web, as well as accomplish the required cross-database links. Two sister home pages of BioImage can be accessed at http://www. bioimage.org and http://www-embl.bioimage.org
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Carazo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-CSIC, Campus Univ. Autónoma, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Jensen-Jarolim E, Reider N, Fritsch R, Breiteneder H. Fatal outcome of anaphylaxis to camomile-containing enema during labor: a case study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102:1041-2. [PMID: 9847448 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of General and Experimental Pathology, University of Vienna, Austria
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Crépat G, Fritsch R. Satellite meeting of IUTOX VIIIth International Congress of Toxicology Carbon Monoxide: the unnoticed poison of the 21st century. Hum Exp Toxicol 1998. [DOI: 10.1191/096032798678908099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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49
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Weil M, Litzke LF, Fritsch R. [Diagnostic validity of thermography of lameness in horses]. Tierarztl Prax Ausg G Grosstiere Nutztiere 1998; 26:346-54. [PMID: 9857414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-six lameness free horses and 119 horses with lameness of the distal forelimb including the carpus were evaluated through thermography. Examination was done with an infrared thermography camera "Thermovision 470" and a specially developed analyzing software program. Temperature differences between corresponding regions of the left and right forelimb were determined and scrutinized statistically between various lameness groups. By creating temperature differences between both limbs a parameter for skin temperature was found which is independent of surrounding temperature. In lameness free horses skin temperature was contralaterally symmetric and there was no significant temperature difference between left and right limb. A significant (p < 0.01) temperature difference of all regions in comparison to lameness free horses was demonstrated in diseases like navicular disease, pododermatitis and tendopathia. Horses with a diagnosis of coffin bone fracture and arthropathia showed a significant (p < 0.05) temperature difference in almost all regions compared to controls, whereas horses with laminitis and periostitis did not show a significant difference. Loss of symmetric distribution of skin temperature could be demonstrated between affected and non-affected regions. Thermography can show and quantitatively prove very well changes in skin temperature in forelimb lameness. It must be emphasized that thermography in lameness diagnosis of horses is only useful in combination with a thorough clinical examination including additional examination procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Weil
- Chirurgischen Veterinärklinik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
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50
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Fritsch R, Bohle B, Vollmann U, Wiedermann U, Jahn-Schmid B, Krebitz M, Breiteneder H, Kraft D, Ebner C. Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, and Mal d 1, the major apple allergen, cross-react at the level of allergen-specific T helper cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998; 102:679-86. [PMID: 9802379 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(98)70287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy to apple is frequent in individuals allergic to tree pollen. The major allergens of birch, Bet v 1, and apple, Mal d 1, have been cloned and sequenced and display a high degree of sequence identity, leading to IgE cross-reactivity. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate cross-reactivity between Bet v 1 and Mal d 1 at the level of allergen-specific T lymphocytes. METHODS PBMCs of 13 patients allergic to birch pollen with oral allergy syndrome to apple were stimulated with rBet v 1 and rMal d 1, respectively, thereby establishing allergen-specific T-cell lines and T-cell clones. rMal d 1-specific T-cell cultures were tested for reactivity with rBet v 1, and rBet v 1-specific T cells were analyzed for reactivity with apple allergen. Cytokine production patterns in response to specific stimulation were evaluated. A selection of cross-reacting T-cell clones was mapped for epitope specificity by the use of overlapping Bet v 1- derived peptides. RESULTS Nineteen Mal d 1-specific T-cell clones were produced, 79% of which cross-reacted with Bet v 1. Eight of 18 Bet v 1-specific T-cell clones cross-reacted with Mal d 1. Six peptides representing cross-reactive T-cell epitopes could be identified. The respective fragments from birch and apple displayed approximately 50% amino acid identity. Seventy percent of the cross-reactive T-cell clones revealed a T(H2)-like cytokine production pattern. CONCLUSION The results indicate that cross-reactivity between apple and birch pollen leading to the clinical oral allergy syndrome occurs not only at the serologic, but also at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fritsch
- Institute of General and Experimental Pathology, Department of Immunopathology, University of Vienna, Austria
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