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Pétillon J, McKinley E, Alexander M, Adams JB, Angelini C, Balke T, Griffin JN, Bouma T, Hacker S, He Q, Hensel MJS, Ibáñez C, Macreadie PI, Martino S, Sharps E, Ballinger R, de Battisti D, Beaumont N, Burdon D, Daleo P, D'Alpaos A, Duggan-Edwards M, Garbutt A, Jenkins S, Ladd CJT, Lewis H, Mariotti G, McDermott O, Mills R, Möller I, Nolte S, Pagès JF, Silliman B, Zhang L, Skov MW. Top ten priorities for global saltmarsh restoration, conservation and ecosystem service research. Sci Total Environ 2023; 898:165544. [PMID: 37453706 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Coastal saltmarshes provide globally important ecosystem services including 'blue carbon' sequestration, flood protection, pollutant remediation, habitat provision and cultural value. Large portions of marshes have been lost or fragmented as a result of land reclamation, embankment construction, and pollution. Sea level rise threatens marsh survival by blocking landward migration where coastlines have been developed. Research-informed saltmarsh conservation and restoration efforts are helping to prevent further loss, yet significant knowledge gaps remain. Using a mixed methods approach, this paper identifies ten research priorities through an online questionnaire and a residential workshop attended by an international, multi-disciplinary network of 35 saltmarsh experts spanning natural, physical and social sciences across research, policy, and practitioner sectors. Priorities have been grouped under four thematic areas of research: Saltmarsh Area Extent, Change and Restoration Potential (including past, present, global variation), Spatio-social contexts of Ecosystem Service delivery (e.g. influences of environmental context, climate change, and stakeholder groups on service provisioning), Patterns and Processes in saltmarsh functioning (global drivers of saltmarsh ecosystem structure/function) and Management and Policy Needs (how management varies contextually; challenges/opportunities for management). Although not intended to be exhaustive, the challenges, opportunities, and strategies for addressing each research priority examined here, providing a blueprint of the work that needs to be done to protect saltmarshes for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pétillon
- UMR CNRS ECOBIO, University of Rennes, 35042 Rennes, France; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa.
| | - Emma McKinley
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Meghan Alexander
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Janine B Adams
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Summerstrand Campus, Gqeberha 6031, South Africa
| | - Christine Angelini
- Environmental School for Sustainable Infrastructure and the Environment, University of Florida, Weil Hall 365, 1949 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thorsten Balke
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John N Griffin
- Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Tjeerd Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Building with Nature group, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Vlissingen, the Netherlands
| | - Sally Hacker
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Qiang He
- Duke University Marine Lab, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Marc J S Hensel
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Massachusetts, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Carles Ibáñez
- Climate Change Department, Area of Sustainability, Eurecat - Technological Centre of Catalonia, 43870 Amposta, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Peter I Macreadie
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | | | - Elwyn Sharps
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire SG19 2DL, UK; Natural Resources Wales, TY Cambria, Newport Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Rhoda Ballinger
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Davide de Battisti
- Chioggia Hydrobiological Station "Umberto D'Ancona", Department of Biology, University of Padova, Palazzo Grassi, Calle Grassi Naccari 1060, 30015 Chioggia, Ve, Italy
| | - Nicola Beaumont
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Daryl Burdon
- Daryl Burdon Ltd., Marine Research, Teaching and Consultancy, Willerby HU10 6LL, UK
| | - Pedro Daleo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMDP - CONICET, CC 1260 Correo Central, B7600WAG Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea D'Alpaos
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Angus Garbutt
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Stuart Jenkins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
| | - Cai J T Ladd
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Heather Lewis
- Natural Resources Wales, TY Cambria, Newport Road, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Giulio Mariotti
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, 1002-Q Energy, Coast and Environment Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Osgur McDermott
- World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), UN-Environment, 219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK
| | - Rachael Mills
- Natural England, Foss House, Kings Pool, 1-2 Peasholme Green, York YO1 7PX, UK
| | - Iris Möller
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Stefanie Nolte
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR47TJ, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Jordi F Pagès
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Brian Silliman
- Department of Integrative Biology, 3029 Cordley Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Lab. of Estuarine and Coastal Research (SKLEC), East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Martin W Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK
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Rendón OR, Garbutt A, Skov M, Möller I, Alexander M, Ballinger R, Wyles K, Smith G, McKinley E, Griffin J, Thomas M, Davidson K, Pagès JF, Read S, Beaumont N. A framework linking ecosystem services and human well‐being: Saltmarsh as a case study. People and Nature 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin Skov
- School of Ocean Sciences Bangor University Bangor UK
| | - Iris Möller
- Department of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Meghan Alexander
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - Rhoda Ballinger
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | | | - Greg Smith
- Politics Department University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Emma McKinley
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences Cardiff University Cardiff UK
| | - John Griffin
- Biosciences Department Swansea University Swansea UK
| | | | - Kate Davidson
- Biosciences Department Swansea University Swansea UK
| | | | - Simon Read
- School of Art and Design Middlesex University London London UK
| | - Nicola Beaumont
- Sea and Society Group Plymouth Marine Laboratory Plymouth UK
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Ballinger R, Spence M, Chalkley W. Drug Information Association (DIA) - 52nd Annual Meeting (June 26-30, 2016 - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA). Drugs Today (Barc) 2016; 52:471-477. [DOI: 10.1358/dot.2016.52.8.2539366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ballinger R, Friedemann C, Golics CJ, Lloyd A, Doyle S. Impact of Non-Consented Switch and Subsequent Switch in Asthma Medication: Qualitative Study of Patient Perspective in the UK. Value Health 2014; 17:A602. [PMID: 27202080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - S Doyle
- GlaxoSmithKline, Uxbridge, UK
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Naim FM, Ballinger R, McLauchlan R, Hadjiminas DJ, Hogben K, Palmieri C, Cleator SJ. P5-21-04: Patient Attitudes towards Undergoing Additional Breast Biopsy for Research Purposes. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p5-21-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acquisition of additional breast tissue for research has become integral to breast oncology research but no data exists regarding patient attitudes to additional, non-diagnostic biopsies. Baseline research biopsies may be obtained as part of the diagnostic process as extra passage(s) of the needle through a ‘generic consent’ process, or as an additional biopsy event after carcinoma diagnosis has been confirmed and eligibility for a specific study has been established. This study sought to explore patient perspectives to such biopsies.
Patients and Methods
Patients attending breast clinics were recruited to complete a questionnaire prior to their consultation (and any interaction with researchers or clinicians seeking consent for research biopsies) which examined willingness to undergo an extra fine needle aspirate (FNA) and/or core needle biopsy (CNB) for research either at time of the diagnostic biopsy (B1) or after diagnosis (B2). Descriptions of FNA and CNB procedures were supplied to those with no prior experience. Patient perspectives towards donating surplus tissue left over from a diagnostic procedure and/or surgery for storage for future research was also explored.
Results: 100 patients were recruited, 42% with a prior history of breast carcinoma, 23% with family history of breast carcinoma and 65%/ 42% with previous experience of CNB/FNA respectively for either benign or malignant disease. Willingness to undergo additional biopsy was greater for the B1 than the B2 time point, but equivalent for CNB and FNA (willingness CNB B1 50% vs B2 26%, willingness FNA B1 50% vs B2 29%). A statistically significant increase in willingness to undergo CNB and FNA at B1 and/or B2 was seen in association with prior diagnosis of breast cancer, family history of breast cancer, previous visit to breast clinic and prior experience of breast biopsy. Reasons for willingness or unwillingness were recorded. 83% of patients expressed a willingness to allow surplus tissue to be stored in a biobank for future research.
Conclusions: When asked by questionnaire prior to clinic consultation, additional research biopsy was much more acceptable if undertaken at time of initial diagnostic biopsy rather than at a later time point. Acceptability was equivalent for CNB and FNA. Previous experience of biopsy, previous attendance to breast clinic, a prior history of breast cancer or family history of breast cancer increased acceptability suggesting that willingness is increased with knowledge of the biopsy procedure.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-21-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- FM Naim
- 1Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Ballinger
- 1Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R McLauchlan
- 1Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - DJ Hadjiminas
- 1Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Hogben
- 1Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Palmieri
- 1Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - SJ Cleator
- 1Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free Hampstead NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Leonard RC, Adamson D, Anderson R, Ballinger R, Bertelli G, Coleman RE, Fallowfield L, McLinden M, Mansi J, Thomas G. The OPTION trial of adjuvant ovarian protection by goserelin in adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
The paper reviews the development of key policy relating to estuary management, highlighting the trends and drivers in policy development which have shaped the management and protection of the estuary environment. Focusing on policy developments over the last three decades, the paper draws attention to the significant influence of European policy and new approaches to environmental governance in stimulating wider and more integrated approaches to the environmental management of the estuary, as well as highlighting considerable environmental improvements associated with increased environmental regulation. The paper discusses how 'fit for purpose' the policy framework is to address current challenges, including those identified by recent stakeholder consultations. Significant issues include limited understanding and information related to the cause-effect relationships between policy and environmental quality as well as ongoing institutional and policy fragmentation associated with devolutionary processes. Such fragmentation, alongside under-investment in integrated estuary planning, is likely to prove a particular challenge to balanced and informed decision-making. Whilst the paper focuses on the Severn experience, the approach adopted will be of interest to all assessing policy-environment linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ballinger
- Marine and Coastal Environment Research Group, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3YE, UK.
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Stojanovic T, Ballinger R. Responding to Coastal Issues in the United Kingdom: Managing Information and Collaborating through Partnerships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1163/22116001-90000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Michael P, Schultz J, Antaya T, Ballinger R, Chiesa L, Feng J, Gung CY, Harris D, Kim JH, Lee P, Martovetsky N, Minervini J, Radovinsky A, Salvetti M, Takayasu M, Titus P. Superconducting magnet and conductor research activities in the US fusion program. Fusion Engineering and Design 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2006.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ballinger R, Lalle P, Maino J, Stelmack J, Tallman K, Wacker R. Veterans Affairs Multicenter Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES) study: clinical results. Report 1: effects of manual-focus LVES on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Optometry 2000; 71:764-74. [PMID: 11145301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Department of Veterans Affairs LVES Study is a multicenter study to determine the effectiveness of the Low Vision Enhancement System (LVES) as a visual rehabilitation device. The purpose of this study was to explore the efficacy of the Beta 1 manual-focus LVES for improving visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. METHODS Patients whose visual acuity was 20/80 or worse in the better eye from any disease, who did not have significant visual field loss, who had previous low vision experience and were capable of working with the LVES were enrolled in a comprehensive prospective multicenter clinical evaluation. Initially, corrected spectacle visual acuities were measured using a standardized ETDRS chart. Contrast sensitivities were also measured with spectacle correction using a standardized Peli-Robson chart. These results were then compared to the acuities and contrast sensitivity obtained with the LVES at optimal magnification. Also, visual acuities were measured using an Eschenbach 3x spectacle-mounted binocular telescope, then compared to the acuities obtained using the LVES set at the lowest magnification (3x). RESULTS All patients who completed the study demonstrated an improvement in visual acuity, with a median improvement of six lines of Snellen equivalent acuity using the LVES. Improvement in visual acuity was the same in both ARMD and non-ARMD causes of vision loss. Mean contrast sensitivity improved in 52 of 58 patients tested, with a mean improvement of 0.49 log units. CONCLUSION The LVES significantly improves both visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in visually impaired patients who fall within the study criteria. Up to 10-fold improvement in visual acuity and up to 1.80 log units improvement in contrast sensitivity were noted in the study group when the LVES was used.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common ocular opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. CMV retinitis is often asymptomatic and usually appears when the patient's CD4 lymphocyte levels fall below 50/mm3. The infection may present a variety of clinical appearances and must be carefully differentiated from cotton-wool spots in early infection. PURPOSE This paper reviews the natural history of CMV infection in both the normal population and in patients with AIDS. CMV retinitis presenting in AIDS patients is then described in detail with clinical presentations of fundus features. Finally, the management of patients who may be at risk or have developed CMV retinitis is reviewed. Recent data on suggested management protocols are also provided. CONCLUSIONS Cases of CMV retinitis will continue to increase as the AIDS epidemic progresses. The primary care practitioner will play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ballinger
- Medical Center, Eye Clinic, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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12
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Abstract
Sucrose polyester (a dietary fat substitute) opacifies the entire gastrointestinal tract of the rat with oral administration in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These results suggest the potential use of this material as an oral contrast agent for human abdominal MRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ballinger
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610
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13
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Myers KJ, Lalle P, Litwak A, Campbell S, Ballinger R, Grolman B. XPERT NCT--a clinical evaluation. J Am Optom Assoc 1990; 61:863-9. [PMID: 2081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A clinical evaluation of the XPERT NCT (Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments) applanation non-contact tonometer was conducted at the Baltimore VA Medical Center. Each of 620 eyes were measured by the XPERT and then by one of seven operators of varied experience, each using one of four calibrated Goldmann applanation tonometers (GATs). Measured pressures ranged from 1 to more than 60 mmHg. The interval between XPERT and GAT measurements varied from a few minutes to almost 1 hour. Despite the increased potential variability of our protocol, the XPERT agreed very closely with GAT. Population IOP means agreed within 0.3 mmHg; regression coefficients defining XPERT's calibration, relative to GAT, were slope (m) = 1.025, and Y intercept (b) = 0.7 mmHg. The standard deviation of matched pair differences, was Sd = 2.7 mmHg. We conclude that the XPERT NCT is a highly accurate and reliable instrument. Our experience showed it to be convenient and well accepted by staff and patients. It proved faster, easier to use, and its "air-puff" is quieter and less intense than NCT I and II. In the companion paper, we examined the reliability of GAT used as a clinical comparison reference in evaluating the XPERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Myers
- VA Outpatient Clinic, Grand Rapids, MI 49502
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McCarley RW, Faux SF, Shenton M, LeMay M, Cane M, Ballinger R, Duffy FH. CT abnormalities in schizophrenia. A preliminary study of their correlations with P300/P200 electrophysiological features and positive/negative symptoms. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989; 46:698-708. [PMID: 2751404 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810080028004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Computed tomographic scans were scored blindly for the size of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in a group of nine medicated schizophrenics and a group of nine age-matched normal volunteers without psychiatric or medical problems. Overall, ten of the 18 computed tomography (CT) features measured were significantly enlarged in the schizophrenic group. These abnormal CT features were then correlated with electrophysiological and clinical measurements performed on the schizophrenic patients. Left sylvian fissure enlargement, thought to reflect temporal lobe tissue loss, was highly correlated with a left temporal scalp region feature of the auditory P300 measure (T3 electrode) that differentiated schizophrenics and normals, and both the left sylvian fissure enlargement and the P300 measure were highly correlated with positive symptoms (total score on the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms). Frontal superficial (cortical) sulcal enlargement was prominent in the schizophrenic group and was highly correlated with another electrophysiological measure, auditory P200, at left central scalp locations. There was no significant correlation between left sylvian fissure and frontal sulcal enlargement within the schizophrenic group, and intercorrelations between CT variables in the schizophrenic group were, in general, less significant than in the control group. Although we should be cautious about generalizability because of the small number of patients, these data are compatible with the hypothesis that different subgroups of schizophrenic pathological features are characterized by different CT, electrophysiological, and clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W McCarley
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston
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15
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Hescock H, Parker M, Wang TY, Ballinger R, Balducci L. Metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary: complete response to second-line treatment with plicamycin. Am J Med Sci 1989; 298:34-7. [PMID: 2526582 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-198907000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In selected groups of patients, metastatic carcinoma of unknown primary (MCUP) is highly responsive to cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. These therapeutic responses usually are partial and shortlived. The authors report the case of a 41-year-old man whose MCUP relapsed after responding to cisplatin, bleomycin, and etoposide. Alternate-day treatment with plicamycin induced a second complete remission (CR) in this patient with minimal hematologic and metabolic toxicity. Plicamycin may prove effective in enhancing CR rate, prolonging CR duration, and salvaging cisplatin failures in MCUP.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hescock
- Hematology-Oncology Section, Medical Service, Bay Pines VA Medical Center, Florida 33504
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Shenton ME, Ballinger R, Marcy B, Faux SF, Cane M, Lemay M, Cassens G, Coleman M, Duffy FH, McCarley RW. Two syndromes of schizophrenic psychopathology associated with left vs. right temporal deficits in P300 amplitude. Four case reports. J Nerv Ment Dis 1989; 177:219-25. [PMID: 2564883 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-198904000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In four schizophrenic patients, we examined the relationship between clinical course, including neuroleptic response, and the following biological and psychological measures: topography of the auditory P300 event-related potential, computerized tomography (CT), Andreasen's positive and negative symptom scales, the Thought Disorder Index, and a neuropsychological test battery. Two previous studies in our laboratory had shown that schizophrenic patients were differentiated from a matched normal control group by a left temporal scalp region deficit in P300 topography. This present report compares two schizophrenic patients with the typical left temporal P300 topography deficit with two schizophrenic patients with a right temporal P300 topography deficit. The two right temporal deficit patients had more positive symptoms, more thought disorder, more severely impaired functioning, earlier age of onset, poorer response to neuroleptic medications, more diffuse cognitive deficits on a neuropsychological testing battery, and poorer premorbid history than the two left temporal deficit patients. There was some evidence for the presence of more CT abnormalities suggestive of frontal lobe pathology in the right temporal deficit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry (VAMC-Brockton and MMHC), Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts
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Shenton ME, Faux SF, McCarley RW, Ballinger R, Coleman M, Torello M, Duffy FH. Correlations between abnormal auditory P300 topography and positive symptoms in schizophrenia: a preliminary report. Biol Psychiatry 1989; 25:710-6. [PMID: 2923933 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
P300 component amplitude in the left temporal scalp region, shown in three previous studies to differentiate normals from schizophrenics, was found to be significantly correlated with the Thought Disorder Index (TDI) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS). These correlations occurred primarily in the P300 waveform derived from the Goodin paradigm. These findings suggest a brain processing disturbance in positive symptom schizophrenia that may be reflected by electrophysiological abnormalities detectable in the temporal scalp region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston
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18
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Prybylowski J, Ballinger R, Elliott C. Quantitative analytical electron microscopy of multiphase alloys. J Electron Microsc Tech 1989; 11:126-33. [PMID: 2709131 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.1060110206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a technique for analysis of composition gradients, using an analytical electron microscope, within the primary phase of a two-phase alloy for the case where the second-phase particle size is similar to the size of the irradiated volume. If the composition difference between the two phases is large, the detected compositional fluctuations associated with varying phase fractions may mask any underlying composition gradient of the primary phase. The analysis technique was used to determine grain boundary chromium concentration gradients in a nickel-base superalloy, alloy X-750. The technique may also be of use in other alloy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Prybylowski
- General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York 12301
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Shenton ME, Faux SF, McCarley RW, Ballinger R, Coleman M, Duffy FH. Clinical correlations of auditory P200 topography and left temporo-central deficits in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. J Psychiatr Res 1989; 23:13-34. [PMID: 2754626 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3956(89)90014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A number of studies using nontopographic analyses have reported an amplitude decrement of the auditory P200 component in schizophrenics compared to normal controls. Here we report a topographic analysis of the auditory P200 (204-272 ms; peak to baseline) in chronic medicated schizophrenics (N = 11) and normal controls (N = 18) and the correlation between this measure and clinical symptoms in schizophrenia. Exploratory T-statistic mapping (SPM) and "protected" Hotelling's T-squared contrasts of integrated voltages over the entire scalp showed that schizophrenics' P200 component had diminished amplitude in the left temporo-central region. Furthermore, P200 amplitude in the same scalp region during the experimental condition of counting infrequent tones was highly correlated with negative symptoms in the schizophrenic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, VAMC, Brockton, MA 02401
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Nielsen K, Ballinger R, Stiller J, Rosenbaum B. A "dipstick" enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibody to Brucella abortus in cattle sera. Can J Comp Med 1985; 49:298-302. [PMID: 3930057 PMCID: PMC1236174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme immunoassay that utilizes antigen bound to a matrix which can be removed from the substrate to stop development is described. The assay which is performed in glass or plastic disposable tubes uses Gel-Bond film strips for attachment of antigen. The only equipment requirements are a rotary shaker and a spectrophotometer (optional). The antigen coated strips are passed through a series of tubes containing test serum, wash solution, antibody-enzyme conjugate, wash solution and substrate-chromogen taking about 45 minutes to perform. In testing sera with or without antibody to Brucella abortus a very high correlation existed between same day tests and tests performed over several days as well as with data on the same sera obtained by an enzyme immunoassay in a microtiter format.
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Nielsen K, Rosenbaum B, Ballinger R, Stiller J. Effects of various treatments of bovine complement on its lytic efficacy measured by two different tests. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1984; 6:273-83. [PMID: 6385462 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(84)90053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bovine complement was treated with various agents known to activate or inactivate one or more of the cascade components. The treated complement was then assessed for remaining hemolytic activity by a tube titration test and a radial hemolysis method. Divalent cation chelators (EDTA and EGTA); immune complexes prepared with serum and IgM, IgG1, IgG2, and IgA isotypes; smooth and rough lipopolysaccharides and lipid A; hydrazine; zymosan; cobra venom factor and brown recluse spider venom caused depletion of complement as determined in the tube titration test. Immune complexes (prepared with serum); hydrazine; cobra venom factor; EDTA and smooth lipopolysaccharide caused loss of hemolytic activity in the radial hemolysis test. This evidence suggests that the radial hemolysis test assessed complement consumed by the alternate pathway, while the tube titration method measured classical pathway consumption.
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