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Matthews R, Menzel K. Vaccine Mandates and Cultural Safety. J Bioeth Inq 2023; 20:719-730. [PMID: 38165556 DOI: 10.1007/s11673-023-10319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The issues and problems of mandatory vaccination policy and roll out in First Nations communities are unique and do not concern the safety and effectiveness of vaccines. These issues are also independent of more specific arguments of mandatory vaccination of healthcare workers as a condition of employment. As important as these issues are, they do not consider the complex politics of ongoing settler colonialism and First Nations community relations. In this paper, we also set aside the very real problems of disinformation, hesitancy, scientific and health illiteracy, and other concerns that drive vaccine hesitancy and refusal. These affect all communities, including First Nations communities. We, instead describe the dominant arguments in favour of mandatory vaccination and critique them in terms of the disputed legitimacy of Settler-Colonial decision-making as it impacts First Nations communities. We contend cultural responsiveness and safety-not state compulsion-must remain the first principles of any engagement-including vaccination-with First Nations Peoples, families, and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matthews
- Bond University, 14 University Drive, Robina, Queensland, 4226, Australia.
| | - K Menzel
- Southern Cross University, Military Road, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia
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2
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Chalmers I, Matthews R, Glasziou P, Boutron I, Armitage P. Trial analysis by treatment allocated or by treatment received? Origins of 'the intention-to-treat principle' to reduce allocation bias: Part 2. J R Soc Med 2023; 116:386-394. [PMID: 37975723 PMCID: PMC10686203 DOI: 10.1177/01410768231203936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Chalmers
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford, OX2 6HX, UK
| | - R Matthews
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - P Glasziou
- Institute for Evidence Based Healthcare, Bond University, Queensland, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - I Boutron
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CR ESS), F-75004 Paris, France
| | - P Armitage
- 2 Reading Road, Wallingford OX10 9DP, UK
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3
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Chalmers I, Matthews R, Glasziou P, Boutron I, Armitage P. Trial analysis by treatment allocated or by treatment received? Origins of 'the intention-to-treat principle' to reduce allocation bias: Part 1. J R Soc Med 2023; 116:343-350. [PMID: 37961883 PMCID: PMC10695151 DOI: 10.1177/01410768231203922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Chalmers
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, University of Oxford, OX2 6HX, UK
| | - R Matthews
- Department of Mathematics, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - P Glasziou
- Institute for Evidence Based Healthcare, Bond University, Queensland, QLD 4226, Australia
| | - I Boutron
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CR ESS), F-75004 Paris, France
| | - P Armitage
- 2 Reading Road, Wallingford OX10 9DP, UK
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4
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McLean M, Phelps C, Smith J, Maheshwari N, Veer V, Bushell D, Matthews R, Craig B, Moro C. An authentic learner-centered planetary health assignment: A five-year evaluation of student choices to address Sustainable Development Goal 13 ( Climate Action). Front Public Health 2022; 10:1049932. [PMID: 36408043 PMCID: PMC9671629 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1049932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A Code Red has been declared for the planet and human health. Climate change (e.g., increasing temperatures, adverse weather events, rising sea levels) threatens the planet's already declining ecosystems. Without urgent action, all of Earth's inhabitants face an existential threat. Health professions education should therefore prepare learners to not only practice in a changing world, but authentic educational activities should also develop competencies for global and planetary citizenship. Planetary health has been integrated across the five-year Bond University (Australia) medical curriculum. It begins in the second week of Year 1 and ends with a session on Environmentally Sustainable Healthcare in the General Practice rotation in the final year. The purpose of this article is to describe the outcomes of the first 5 years (2018-2022) of a learner-centered planetary health assignment, underpinned by the 2030 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in the second year of a five-year medical program. Using systems and/or design thinking with a focus on SDG13 (Climate Action) plus a second SDG of choice, self-selected teams of 4-6 students submit a protocol (with feedback) to develop a deliverable "product" for an intended audience. Data analysis of the first 5 years of implementation found that the most frequently selected SDGs in addition to SDG13 were: SDG12 Sustainable Production and Consumption (41% of teams), mostly relating to healthcare emissions and waste; SDG3 Health and Well-being (22%), generally involving the impact of air pollution; and SDG6 Clean Water and Sanitation (15%). A survey at the concluding conference garnered student feedback across various criteria. The planetary health assignment is authentic in that teams provide solutions to address climate change. Where appropriate, final "products" are sent to local or federal ministers for consideration (e.g., policy proposals) or integrated into the curriculum (e.g., learning modules). We believe that the competencies, attitudes, and values fostered through engagement with planetary health. Throughout the medical program, as evidenced by their evaluations, stands students in good stead to be change agents, not only in clinical practice but in society. An awareness has been created about the need for planetary citizenship in addition to global citizenship.
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Wedagedera JR, Afuape A, Chirumamilla SK, Momiji H, Leary R, Dunlavey M, Matthews R, Abduljalil K, Jamei M, Bois FY. Population PBPK modeling using parametric and nonparametric methods of the Simcyp Simulator, and Bayesian samplers. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2022; 11:755-765. [PMID: 35385609 PMCID: PMC9197540 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models usually include a large number of parameters whose values are obtained using in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. However, such extrapolations can be uncertain and may benefit from inclusion of evidence from clinical observations via parametric inference. When clinical interindividual variability is high, or the data sparse, it is essential to use a population pharmacokinetics inferential framework to estimate unknown or uncertain parameters. Several approaches are available for that purpose, but their relative advantages for PBPK modeling are unclear. We compare the results obtained using a minimal PBPK model of a canonical theophylline dataset with quasi‐random parametric expectation maximization (QRPEM), nonparametric adaptive grid estimation (NPAG), Bayesian Metropolis‐Hastings (MH), and Hamiltonian Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. QRPEM and NPAG gave consistent population and individual parameter estimates, mostly agreeing with Bayesian estimates. MH simulations ran faster than the others methods, which together had similar performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robert Leary
- CERTARA UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Masoud Jamei
- CERTARA UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, UK
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Matthews R, Ali Z. Comorbid mental health issues in patients with pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:24-29. [PMID: 34459019 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The term 'pemphigus' refers to chronic autoimmune skin disorders that cause blistering erosions on the skin and oral mucosa. The two major clinical forms are pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus. Although rare, they confer a stark symptomatic burden upon patients that significantly impacts daily life. Comorbid mental health issues are not routinely screened for in patients with pemphigus, and current UK guidance provides no formal provision for the identification and treatment of psychological issues. This review is the first of its kind, to our knowledge, to systematically examine the available evidence on mental health issues in pemphigus. Published work suggests that the incidence of anxiety and depression is much higher in patients with pemphigus compared with both the general population and with patients having other chronic skin disorders. Disease severity appears to be closely linked to mental health, with worsening of pemphigus associated with deteriorations in psychological wellbeing. Corticosteroids, which are associated with depression in chronic use, are the current first-line therapy for pemphigus and have been identified as a potential confounder and independent risk factor for mental health comorbidity in pemphigus. Current evidence is unclear whether a bidirectional relationship exists between mental health and pemphigus severity, and more thorough research is required to develop understanding of this issue. In conclusion, we have identified a high incidence of mental health comorbidity in pemphigus, and recommend routine screening of patients with pemphigus for mental health issues and signposting toward mental health services as an initial measure to address this.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Matthews
- Department of Post-Graduate Medical Education, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, East Lancashire Hospital Trust, Blackburn, UK
| | - Z Ali
- Department of Post-Graduate Medical Education, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, Manchester, UK
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7
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Matthews R, Wray A, Walsh S, Griffiths CEM, Young HS. The art of observation: visual literacy for dermatologists. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e809-e811. [PMID: 34236732 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Matthews
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - A Wray
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - S Walsh
- Department of Dermatology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - C E M Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - H S Young
- Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Evans CD, Peacock M, Baird AJ, Artz RRE, Burden A, Callaghan N, Chapman PJ, Cooper HM, Coyle M, Craig E, Cumming A, Dixon S, Gauci V, Grayson RP, Helfter C, Heppell CM, Holden J, Jones DL, Kaduk J, Levy P, Matthews R, McNamara NP, Misselbrook T, Oakley S, Page SE, Rayment M, Ridley LM, Stanley KM, Williamson JL, Worrall F, Morrison R. Overriding water table control on managed peatland greenhouse gas emissions. Nature 2021; 593:548-552. [PMID: 33882562 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Global peatlands store more carbon than is naturally present in the atmosphere1,2. However, many peatlands are under pressure from drainage-based agriculture, plantation development and fire, with the equivalent of around 3 per cent of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases emitted from drained peatland3-5. Efforts to curb such emissions are intensifying through the conservation of undrained peatlands and re-wetting of drained systems6. Here we report eddy covariance data for carbon dioxide from 16 locations and static chamber measurements for methane from 41 locations in the UK and Ireland. We combine these with published data from sites across all major peatland biomes. We find that the mean annual effective water table depth (WTDe; that is, the average depth of the aerated peat layer) overrides all other ecosystem- and management-related controls on greenhouse gas fluxes. We estimate that every 10 centimetres of reduction in WTDe could reduce the net warming impact of CO2 and CH4 emissions (100-year global warming potentials) by the equivalent of at least 3 tonnes of CO2 per hectare per year, until WTDe is less than 30 centimetres. Raising water levels further would continue to have a net cooling effect until WTDe is within 10 centimetres of the surface. Our results suggest that greenhouse gas emissions from peatlands drained for agriculture could be greatly reduced without necessarily halting their productive use. Halving WTDe in all drained agricultural peatlands, for example, could reduce emissions by the equivalent of over 1 per cent of global anthropogenic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Evans
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK. .,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - M Peacock
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A J Baird
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - R R E Artz
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - A Burden
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
| | - N Callaghan
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK
| | - P J Chapman
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - H M Cooper
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - M Coyle
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK.,UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
| | - E Craig
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, UK.,School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - A Cumming
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - S Dixon
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - V Gauci
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R P Grayson
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - C Helfter
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
| | - C M Heppell
- School of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J Holden
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D L Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK.,SoilsWest, Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia.,UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Kaduk
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - P Levy
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
| | - R Matthews
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, UK
| | - N P McNamara
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - S Oakley
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster, UK
| | - S E Page
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - M Rayment
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - L M Ridley
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - K M Stanley
- Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - F Worrall
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - R Morrison
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
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Matthews R, Falkner N, Sorell M. Determining image sensor temperature using dark current. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2021.1892186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Matthews
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nickolas Falkner
- School of Computer Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Sorell
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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10
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Forbus M, Matthews R, Mishra P, Facdol J, Bascho-George V, Coples S, Garrett R, Wang Z, Gabram-Mendola S. The Impact of a Registered Dietitian in an Urban Safety Net Oncology Clinic. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
In colonial societies such as Canada the implications of colonialism and ethnocide (or cultural genocide) for ethical decision-making are ill-understood yet have profound implications in health ethics and other spheres. They combine to shape racism in health care in ways, sometimes obvious, more often subtle, that are inadequately understood and often wholly unnoticed. Along with overt experiences of interpersonal racism, Indigenous people with health care needs are confronted by systemic racism in the shaping of institutional structures, hospital policies and in resource allocation decisions. Above all, racism is a function of state law - of the unilateral imposition of the settler society law on Indigenous communities. Indeed, the laws, including health laws, are social determinants of the ill-health of Indigenous peoples. This article describes the problem of Indigenous ethnocide and explores its ethical implications. It thereby problematizes the role of law in health ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Matthews
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Parker SG, Downes T, Godfrey M, Matthews R, Martin FC. Age and Ageing to introduce a new category of paper: healthcare improvement science. Age Ageing 2019; 48:178-184. [PMID: 30395169 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afy175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and Ageing is now inviting papers on healthcare improvement for older people. In this article we outline the nature and scope of healthcare improvement and reference improvement models and the tools and methods of improvement science. We emphasise the issues of sustainability, including scale and spread; evaluation - including associated ethical consideration and the involvement of patients and the public in healthcare improvement and associated research. Throughout we refer to resources the authors have found useful in their own work, and provide a bibliography of sources and web-links which will provide essential guidance and support for potential contributors to this new category of submission to Age and Ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Parker
- Newcastle Institute for Ageing, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - T Downes
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals - Geriatric Department Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - M Godfrey
- Leeds University, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds, UK
| | - R Matthews
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) Northwest London, UK
| | - F C Martin
- St Thomas' Hospital - Lambeth Palace Road, London, UK
- King's College London School of Medical Education Division of Health and Social Care, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Matthews
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthew Sorell
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nickolas Falkner
- School of Computer Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Peng Y, Xu X, Matthews R. OLDER AND LESS DEVIANT? A MEDIATED MODERATION MODEL OF AGE, COGNITIVE REAPPRAISAL, AND ABUSIVE SUPERVISION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Peng
- Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, United States
| | - X Xu
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - R Matthews
- University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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15
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Mulford J, Marson N, Matthews R, Lyons D, Briffa J, Habel M, Free M, Robertson I. Are routine blood tests required after total knee and hip arthroplasty? Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2018.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Matthews R, Reynolds C. The market value of sleep: using economic input-output analysis to shift society's views on sleep loss. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Whitaker L, Murray A, Matthews R, Shaw G, Williams A, Saunders P, Critchley H. Selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM) ulipristal acetate (UPA) and its effects on the human endometrium. Hum Reprod 2017; 32:531-543. [PMID: 28130434 PMCID: PMC5400066 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dew359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the impact of administration of the selective progesterone receptor modulator (SPRM), ulipristal acetate (UPA) on the endometrium of women with fibroids? SUMMARY ANSWER UPA administration altered expression of sex-steroid receptors and progesterone-regulated genes and was associated with low levels of glandular and stromal cell proliferation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Administration of all SPRM class members results in PAEC (progesterone receptor modulator associated endometrial changes). Data on the impact of the SPRM UPA administration on endometrial sex-steroid receptor expression, progesterone (P)-regulated genes and cell proliferation are currently lacking. STUDY DESIGN SIZE, DURATION Observational study with histological and molecular analyses to delineate impact of treatment with UPA on endometrium. Endometrial samples (n = 9) were collected at hysterectomy from women aged 39 to 49 with uterine fibroids treated with UPA (oral 5 mg daily) for 9-12 weeks. Control proliferative (n = 9) and secretory (n = 9) endometrium from women aged 38-52 with fibroids were derived from institutional tissue archives. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Study setting was a University Research Institute. Endometrial biopsies were collected with institutional ethical approval and written informed consent. Concentrations of mRNAs encoded by steroid receptors, P-regulated genes and factors in decidualised endometrium were quantified with qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was employed for localization of progesterone (PR, PRB), androgen (AR), estrogen (ERα) receptors and expression of FOXO1, HAND2, HOXA10, PTEN homologue. Endometrial glandular and stromal cell proliferation was objectively quantified using Ki67. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE UPA induced morphological changes in endometrial tissue consistent with PAEC. A striking change in expression patterns of PR and AR was detected compared with either proliferative or secretory phase samples. There were significant changes in pattern of expression of mRNAs encoded by IGFBP-1, FOXO1, IL-15, HAND2, IHH and HOXA10 compared with secretory phase samples consistent with low agonist activity in endometrium. Expression of mRNA encoded by FOXM1, a transcription factor implicated in cell cycle progression, was low in UPA-treated samples. Cell proliferation (Ki67 positive nuclei) was lower in samples from women treated with UPA compared with those in the proliferative phase. LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION A small number of well-characterized patients were studied in-depth. The impacts on morphology, molecular and cellular changes with SPRM, UPA administration on symptom control remains to be determined. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS P plays a pivotal role in endometrial function. P-action is mediated through interaction with the PR. These data provide support for onward development of the SPRM class of compounds as effective long-term medical therapy for heavy menstrual bleeding. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) H.O.D.C. received has clinical research support for laboratory consumables and staff from Bayer Pharma Ag and provides consultancy advice (no personal remuneration) for Bayer Pharma Ag, PregLem SA, Gedeon Richter, Vifor Pharma UK Ltd, AbbVie Inc.; A.R.W.W. has received consultancy payments from Bayer, Gedeon Richter, Preglem SA, HRA Pharma; L.H.R.W., A.A.M., R.M., G.S. and P.T.K.S. have no conflicts of interest. Study funded in part from each of: Medical Research Council (G1002033; G1100356/1; MR/N022556/1); National Health Institute for Health Research (12/206/520) and TENOVUS Scotland.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.H.R. Whitaker
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - A.A. Murray
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - R. Matthews
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - G. Shaw
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - A.R.W. Williams
- Division of Pathology, The University of Edinburgh, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - P.T.K. Saunders
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - H.O.D. Critchley
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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Pouldar D, Bakshian S, Matthews R, Rao V, Manzano M, Dardashti S. Utility of 18F sodium fluoride PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of postoperative pain following surgical spine fusion. Musculoskelet Surg 2017; 101:159-166. [PMID: 28164254 DOI: 10.1007/s12306-017-0465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A retrospective case review of patients who underwent 18F sodium fluoride PET/CT imaging of the spine with postoperative pain following vertebral fusion. OBJECTIVE To determine the benefit of 18F sodium fluoride PET/CT imaging in the diagnosis of persistent pain in the postoperative spine. The diagnosis of pain generators in the postoperative spine has proven to be a diagnostic challenge. The conventional radiologic evaluation of persistent pain after spine surgery with the use of plain radiographs, MRI, and CT can often fall short of diagnosis in the complex patient. 18F sodium fluoride PET/CT imaging is an alternative tool to accurately identify a patient's source of pain in the difficult patient. METHODS This retrospective study looked at 25 adult patients who had undergone 18F sodium fluoride PET/CT imaging. All patients had persistent or recurrent back pain over the course of a 15-month period after having undergone spinal fusion surgery. All patients had inconclusive dedicated MRI. The clinical accuracy of PET/CT in identifying the pain generator and contribution to altering the decision making process was compared to the use of CT scan alone. RESULTS Of the 25 patients studied, 17 patients had increased uptake on the 18F sodium fluoride PET/CT fusion images. There was a high-level correlation of radiotracer uptake to the patients' pain generator. Overall 88% of the studies were considered beneficial with either PET/CT altering the clinical diagnosis and treatment plan of the patient or confirming unnecessary surgery. CONCLUSION 18F sodium fluoride PET/CT proves to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of complex spine pathology of the postoperative patients. In varied cases, a high correlation of metabolic activity to the source of the patient's pain was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pouldar
- Albany Medical College, 255 Patroon Creek Blvd, Apt #1312, Albany, NY, 12206, USA.
| | | | - R Matthews
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - V Rao
- Radnet, Inc., Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Manzano
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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Busby M, Matthews R, Burke FJT, Mullins A, Shumacher K. Is any particular aspect of perceived quality associated with patients tending to promote a dental practice to their friends and colleagues? Br Dent J 2016; 218:E12. [PMID: 25812905 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship between perceived quality and patients' tendencies to recommend a practice to friends and colleagues. METHODS Data from 64 practices using the Denplan Excel Patient Survey (DEPS) were analysed. The Net Promoter Score (NPS max score 100), developed by Reichheld, is reported to each practice using DEPS. It is claimed that the NPS measures the likelihood that patients will recommend the practice to friends and colleagues. A Patient Perception Index (PPI max score 100) is also reported to practices. The PPI is calculated from the responses to the ten core questions of DEPS on perceived quality. The 64 practices were placed into three groups for data analysis according to their NPS result: group one practices receiving an NPS of less than 80, group two practices receiving an NPS of 80-89 and group three practices receiving an NPS of greater than 89. These groups represented practices scoring statistically significantly (to 90% confidence) below the mean NPS (group one), practices close to the mean NPS (group two) and practices statistically significantly (to 90% confidence) above the mean NPS. RESULTS Group one practices scored a mean PPI of 73, group two scored a mean PPI of 76 and group three a mean PPI of 80. These differences in values of PPI between the groups are statistically significant (to 90% confidence). Of the ten constituent issues which contribute to PPI, the greatest difference in scoring between group one and group three was found to be around perceived value for money. CONCLUSION The probability of patients recommending a dental practice seems to rise in direct proportion to favourable perceptions of quality. A perception of 'ideal' value for money is the most highly correlated aspect with a high NPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Busby
- 1] Denplan Ltd [2] Primary Dental Care, University of Birmingham
| | | | - F J T Burke
- Primary Dental Care, University of Birmingham
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Thomas J, Loane J, Matthews R, Maxwell S, Ingman T, Beesley M, Ferrigan L. Benchmarking a large regional UK HER2 testing service against current practice guidelines. J Clin Pathol 2016; 70:378-382. [PMID: 27707772 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To critically evaluate HER2 testing data for 3500 consecutive cases over 28 months for a single laboratory and review these findings in the light of current UK reporting guidelines. METHODS We have reviewed all data relating to the HER2 testing service including reagents and analytical machine, HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) scoring profiles. We have examined the place of double counting and rapid screening of FISH and when it is and is not safe to do so. This analysis has been facilitated greatly by the inclusion of custom scripts embedded in a spreadsheet used for recording the data. RESULTS There were no differences in scoring profiles in relation to testing machine or reagent batch for both HER2 IHC and FISH. There was excellent concordance in scoring by the biomedical scientists and pathologists providing the service. There is a significant difference between the proximity of scores in double-scored cases with HER2 copy number >6.0 compared with those with copy number <6.00. It is safe to single score with rapid screening of HER2 FISH following a first count with a HER2/CEP17 ratio <1.5 and a HER2 copy number <3.5. CONCLUSIONS Single counting of HER2 FISH supported by a second rapid screen is safe and practicable within strict parameters. Any assessment of proximity of scores in double-scored cases should take into account the HER2 copy number, with greater spreads experienced at higher copy numbers. Centralising HER2 testing in a regional centre allows detailed audit of the entire analytical process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tim Ingman
- Pathology Service, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
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Busby M, Chapple L, Matthews R, Burke FJT, Chapple I. Continuing development of an oral health score for clinical audit. Br Dent J 2016; 216:E20. [PMID: 24809589 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare the outcomes of a contemporary oral health status (OHS) scoring system with national oral health data from the 2009 Adult Dental Health Survey, and to explore the utility of the OHS in audit and service development. METHODS An OHS scoring system was developed as part of a previously reported comprehensive on-line patient assessment tool. The assessment tool also measured future disease risk and indicative capitation fee grading. The modified OHS score component was developed over 20 years of research and experience from the original Oral Health Index (Burke and Wilson 1995). The online tool was piloted by 25 volunteer dentists on 640 recall patients and qualitative and quantitative feedback provided. Anonymised data from the inputs and scores generated were collected centrally and analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS The modified OHS was reported to have good validity by the pilot group. Submitted data confirmed a mean age for the recall patients examined as 53 ± 15.8 years and an average oral health status score of 79.5 ± 10.8 where a score of 100 equates to perfect oral health. A breakdown of the scores into the eight principal components provided evidence of cross validation with the Adult Dental Health Survey (2009). CONCLUSIONS Scoring oral health status electronically offers valuable opportunities for clinical audit. The reported benchmark oral health score of 79.5 for recall patients can be updated as increased numbers of patients enter the centralised data recording system. Audit can be facilitated by this move from a paper-based system to an on-line tool with central data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Busby
- 1] Dental Advisor Denplan, The Stables, Heritage Ct, Clifton Reynes, Olney, MK46 5FW [2] Honorary Lecturer in Primary Dental Care, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN
| | - L Chapple
- Managing Director Oral Health Innovations Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, B15 2SQ
| | - R Matthews
- Chief Dental Officer Denplan Ltd, Denplan Ct, Victoria Road, Winchester, SO23 7RG
| | - F J T Burke
- Professor of Primary Dental Care, Birmingham School of Dentistry, St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN
| | - I Chapple
- Professor of Periodontology and Consultant in Restorative Dentistry Periodontal Research Group and MRC Centre for Immune Regulation; College of Medical and Dental Sciences; Dental School, University of Birmingham, St Chad's Queensway Birmingham, B4 6NN
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Yoon H, Kim S, Yang J, Chen H, Hu I, Kim B, Bilfinger T, Matthews R, Franceschi D, Moore W, Stessin A, Ryu S. Prognostic Factors and Outcome After SBRT for Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Using Different Fractionation Regimens From 2007 to 2013. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Busby M, Matthews R, Burke FJT, Mullins A, Schumaker K. Long-term validity and reliability of a patient survey instrument designed for general dental practice. Br Dent J 2015; 219:337-41; discussion 342. [PMID: 26450250 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIM To consider the extent to which the validity and reliability of the Denplan Excel Patient Survey (DEPS) has been confirmed during its development and by its use in general dental practice and to explore methods by which any survey instrument used in general dental practice might be validated and tested for reliability. METHODS DEPS seeks to measure perceived practice performance on those issues considered to be of greatest importance to patients. Content validity was developed by a literature review and tested in a pilot study. Criterion validity was tested by comparing patient retention in a payment plan for practices achieving the highest DEPS scores with those attaining the lowest scores over a two year period (surveys completed between 2010 and 2012). Reliability was assessed using the test/re-test method for 23 practices with approximately a three year time interval between tests. Internal consistency was tested by comparing Net Promoter Scores (NPS - which is measured in DEPS) attained by practices with their Patient Perception Index (PPI) as measured by the ten core questions in DEPS. RESULTS Practices in the pilot study strongly endorsed the content validity of DEPS. The 12 practices with the highest scores in the DEPS slightly increased their number of patients registered in Denplan payment plans during a two year period. The 12 lowest scoring practices saw 7% of their patients de-register during the same period. The 23 practices selected for the test/re-test study averaged more than 250 responses for both the test and re-test phases. The magnitude and pattern of their results were similar in both phases, while, on average, a modest improvement in results was observed. Internal consistency was confirmed as NPS results in DEPS closely mapped PPI results. The higher the measurement of perceived quality (PPI) the more likely patients were to recommend the practice (NPS). CONCLUSION Both through its development and use over the last four years The DEPS has demonstrated good validity and reliability. The authors conclude that this level of validity and reliability is adequate for the clinical/general care audit purpose of DEPS and that it is therefore likely to reliably inform practices where further development are indicated. It is important and quite straightforward to both validate and check the reliability of patient surveys used in general dental practice so that dental teams can be confident in the instrument they are using.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Busby
- Denplan, Hon Lecturer in Primary Dental Care, University of Birmingham, The Stables, Heritage Ct, Clifton Reynes, Olney, MK46 5FW
| | | | | | - A Mullins
- Denplan Ltd, Denplan Ct, Victoria Rd, Winchester, SO23 7RG
| | - K Schumaker
- Primary Dental Care Birmingham School of Dentistry St Chad's Queensway, Birmingham, B4 6NN
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Clatworthy MR, Matthews R, Doehler B, Willcocks L, Opelz G, Smith KGC. De-functioning polymorphism in the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIB does not impact upon kidney allograft survival. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 178 Suppl 1:159-61. [PMID: 25546804 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M R Clatworthy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
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Coates A, Hurliman A, Hesla J, Coate B, Holmes L, Matthews R, Griffin D. Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) of Sub-Optimal Sperm Increases The Risk of Sex-Chromosome, But Not Autosomal Aneuploidy among Embryos Evaluated with Comprehensive Chromosome Screening (CCS). Fertil Steril 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Poier P, Likos CN, Matthews R. Influence of Rigidity and Knot Complexity on the Knotting of Confined Polymers. Macromolecules 2014; 47:3394-3400. [PMID: 24882882 PMCID: PMC4037316 DOI: 10.1021/ma5006414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We employ computer simulations and thermodynamic integration to analyze the effects of bending rigidity and slit confinement on the free energy cost of tying knots, ΔFknotting, on polymer chains under tension. A tension-dependent, nonzero optimal stiffness κmin exists, for which ΔFknotting is minimal. For a polymer chain with several stiffness domains, each containing a large amount of monomers, the domain with stiffness κmin will be preferred by the knot. A local analysis of the bending in the interior of the knot reveals that local stretching of chains at the braid region is responsible for the fact that the tension-dependent optimal stiffness has a nonzero value. The reduction in ΔFknotting for a chain with optimal stiffness relative to the flexible chain can be enhanced by tuning the slit width of the 2D confinement and increasing the knot complexity. The optimal stiffness itself is independent of the knot types we considered, while confinement shifts it toward lower values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Poier
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christos N Likos
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Matthews
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Matthews R, Revill A. Price per unit: the cost of alcohol-related admissions to a regional ICU. Crit Care 2014. [PMCID: PMC4068712 DOI: 10.1186/cc13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Matthews R, Likos CN. Dynamics of self-assembly of model viral capsids in the presence of a fluctuating membrane. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:8283-92. [PMID: 23734751 PMCID: PMC3711127 DOI: 10.1021/jp4037099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A coarse-grained computational model is used to investigate the effect of a fluctuating fluid membrane on the dynamics of patchy-particle assembly into virus capsid-like cores. Results from simulations for a broad range of parameters are presented, showing the effect of varying interaction strength, membrane stiffness, and membrane viscosity. Furthermore, the effect of hydrodynamic interactions is investigated. Attraction to a membrane may promote assembly, including for subunit interaction strengths for which it does not occur in the bulk, and may also decrease single-core assembly time. The membrane budding rate is strongly increased by hydrodynamic interactions. The membrane deformation rate is important in determining the finite-time yield. Higher rates may decrease the entropic penalty for assembly and help guide subunits toward each other but may also block partial cores from being completed. For increasing subunit interaction strength, three regimes with different effects of the membrane are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Matthews
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Matthews R, Louis AA, Likos C. Effect of Bending Rigidity on the Knotting of a Polymer under Tension. ACS Macro Lett 2012; 1:1352-1356. [PMID: 23378936 PMCID: PMC3560425 DOI: 10.1021/mz300493d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A coarse-grained computational model is used to investigate how the bending rigidity of a polymer under tension affects the formation of a trefoil knot. Thermodynamic integration techniques are applied to demonstrate that the free-energy cost of forming a knot has a minimum at nonzero bending rigidity. The position of the minimum exhibits a power-law dependence on the applied tension. For knotted polymers with nonuniform bending rigidity, the knots preferentially localize in the region with a bending rigidity that minimizes the free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Matthews
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse
5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ard A. Louis
- Rudolf Peierls
Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford
0X1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - Christos
N. Likos
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse
5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
A coarse-grained computational model is used to investigate the effect of a fluid membrane on patchy-particle assembly into biologically relevant structures motivated by viral cores and clathrin. For cores, we demonstrate a nonmonotonic dependence of the promotion of assembly on membrane stiffness. If the membrane is significantly deformable, cores are enveloped in buds, although this effect is suppressed for very flexible membranes. In the less deformable regime, we observe no marked enhancement for cores, even for strong adhesion to the surface. For clathrinlike particles, we again observe the formation of buds, whose morphology depends on membrane flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Matthews
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Taylor AJ, Gary LC, Arora T, Becker DJ, Curtis JR, Kilgore ML, Morrisey MA, Saag KG, Matthews R, Yun H, Smith W, Delzell E. Clinical and demographic factors associated with fractures among older Americans. Osteoporos Int 2011; 22:1263-74. [PMID: 20559818 PMCID: PMC3767033 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-010-1300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Medicare claims data were used to investigate associations between history of previous fractures, chronic conditions, and demographic characteristics and occurrence of fractures at six anatomic sites. The study confirmed previously established associations for hip and spine fractures and identified several new associations of interest for nonhip, nonspine fractures. INTRODUCTION This study investigates the associations of a history of fracture, comorbid chronic conditions, and demographic characteristics with incident fractures among Medicare beneficiaries. The majority of fracture incidence studies have focused on the hip and on white females. This study examines a greater variety of fracture sites and more population subgroups than prior studies. METHODS We used Medicare claims data to examine the incidence of fracture at six anatomic sites in a random 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries during the time period 2000 through 2005. RESULTS For each type of incident fracture, women had a higher rate than men, and there was a positive association with age and an inverse association with income. Whites had a higher rate than nonwhites. Rates were lowest among African-Americans for all sites except ankle and tibia/fibula, which were lowest among Asian-Americans. Rates of hip and spine fracture were highest in the South, and fractures of other sites were highest in the Northeast. Fall-related conditions and depressive illnesses were associated with each type of incident fracture, conditions treated with glucocorticoids with hip and spine fractures and diabetes with ankle and humerus fractures. Histories of hip and spine fractures were associated positively with each site of incident fracture except ankle; histories of nonhip, nonspine fractures were associated with most types of incident fracture. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed previously established associations for hip and spine fractures and identified several new associations of interest for nonhip, nonspine fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, RPHB 517, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA.
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Strugnell BW, Payne JH, Matthews R. Selenium toxicosis in sheep associated with excessive sodium selenite in a commercial supplement. Vet Rec 2010; 167:707-8. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.c5121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. W. Strugnell
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) - Thirsk; West House, Station Road Thirsk North Yorkshire YO7 1PZ
| | - J. H. Payne
- VLA - Sutton Bonington, The Elms; College Road, Sutton Bonington Loughborough Leicestershire LE12 5RB
| | - R. Matthews
- Castle Veterinary Surgeons; Montalbo Road Barnard Castle County Durham DL12 8ED
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Potter JA, Liu J, Hull R, Bright SD, Higgins S, Bost L, Thaker A, Matthews R, O'Regan R, Gabram-Mendola S. Assessment of clinical trials knowledge and beliefs in cancer patients treated in an urban public hospital serving predominantly African American patients. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.e16511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Coates A, Pospisil C, Matthews R, Matteri R. Changing Protocol to All Day 5 Embryo Transfers Regardless of Number of Embryos Available on Day 3 Increases Implantation Rate and Reduces the Number of Embryos Transferred. Fertil Steril 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Al-Bayaty HF, Murti PR, Naidu RS, Matthews R, Simeon D. Medical problems among dental patients at the school of dentistry, the university of the West Indies. J Dent Educ 2009; 73:1408-1414. [PMID: 20007497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study ascertained demographic information and prevalence rates of medical problems among 571 new and consecutive dental patients attending the emergency clinic of the School of Dentistry, The University of the West Indies. Patients were interviewed by specially trained and calibrated dental students and interns. Various medical problems of patients were recorded in individual open-ended case sheets, maintaining their privacy and confidentiality. This information was then transcribed into a specially designed and pretested form. The data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using the SPSS statistical package to obtain the prevalence rates of medical conditions, which were then cross-tabulated with gender, age, ethnicity, and other variables. Significance of differences, if any, was evaluated by chi-square test. In all, 303 medical conditions were encountered in 239 individuals, giving a prevalence rate of 42 percent. Hypertension (12.6 percent), diabetes (6.1 percent), asthma (5.8 percent), arthritis (4.7 percent), and various allergies (8.3 percent) constituted an important segment of the problems. Gender, ethnic, and age differences were also evident for some diseases. In this study-which was the first of this kind in the West Indies-vital information on medical problems among dental patients was obtained by interviews conducted by dental students and interns, forming an important part of their dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Al-Bayaty
- School of Dentistry, The University of the West Indies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Uriah Butler Highway, Champs Fleurs, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.F. Al-Bayaty
- Oral Biology and Oral Diseases; School of Dentistry; The University of the West Indies
| | - P.R. Murti
- Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; The University of the West Indies
| | - R.S. Naidu
- Dental Public Health; School of Dentistry; The University of the West Indies
| | - R. Matthews
- Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry; The University of the West Indies
| | - D. Simeon
- Caribbean Health Research Council; Trinidad and Tobago
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Cheng H, Gary LC, Curtis JR, Saag KG, Kilgore ML, Morrisey MA, Matthews R, Smith W, Yun H, Delzell E. Estimated prevalence and patterns of presumed osteoporosis among older Americans based on Medicare data. Osteoporos Int 2009; 20:1507-15. [PMID: 19189165 PMCID: PMC3767011 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-0835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Estimates of osteoporosis (OP) prevalence based on bone mineral density testing and fracture occurrence may be imprecise for small demographic groups. Medicare data are a useful supplemental source of information on OP. METHODS We studied people ages > or = 65 years covered by Medicare 2005. Cases of presumed OP were beneficiaries with physician services or inpatient claims for OP or for an associated fracture (hip, distal forearm, spine) in 1999-2005. RESULTS Among 911,327 beneficiaries with 6 or 7 years of Medicare coverage, the overall prevalence of OP and associated fractures was 29.7%. Prevalence was four times higher for women than men, increased with age, and was two times higher for whites, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans than African Americans. Among people with OP-associated fracture claims, the proportion with an OP diagnosis was 49.7% overall (women, 57.1%; men, 21.9%) and was lower for men than women and for African Americans than other ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The low proportion of beneficiaries who had an OP-associated fracture and also had an OP diagnosis, particularly among men and African American women, suggests suboptimal recognition and management of OP. Study limitations included lack of validation of our definition of OP and potential misclassification of race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Gjersing LR, Butler T, Caplehorn JRM, Belcher JM, Matthews R. Attitudes and beliefs towards methadone maintenance treatment among Australian prison health staff. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009; 26:501-8. [PMID: 17701513 DOI: 10.1080/09595230701499118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Justice Health NSW has one of the most extensive prison-based methadone programmes in the world. We examine prison health staff attitudes towards methadone treatment and compare these with community methadone staff. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 202 staff employed by Justice Health New South Wales was undertaken in 2003. Results. The mean scores on the various sub-scales were: abstinence-orientation (AO) 2.9 (95% CI 2.8 - 3.0); disapproval of drug use (DDU) 3.3 (95% CI 3.2 - 3.4); knowledge (Know) 2.7 (95% CI 2.4 - 2.9); and toxicity 4.6 (95% CI 4.2 - 5.0). Both the AO and DDU score were correlated negatively with the Know score (r = -0.37 and r = -0.13, respectively). Prison health staff had higher AO (2.9 vs. 2.6, p < 0.001) and DDU (3.3 vs. 2.6, p < 0.001) scores, and lower Know (2.7 vs. 7.0, p < 0.001) scores than methadone staff working in the Australian community. They were more knowledgeable than US community methadone staff about the toxicity of methadone (4.6 vs. 0.0, p < 0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This is the first survey to examine prison health staff attitudes to methadone treatment. Correctional health staff tend to be more abstinence-orientated, more likely to disapprove of drug use, and less knowledgeable about the risks and benefits of methadone than Australian community methadone staff. The findings have important implications for training health staff working in the prison environment with regard to client retention on methadone treatment.
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Matthews R, Turner PJ, McDonald NJ, Ermolaev K, Manus T, Shelby RA, Steindorf M. Real time workload classification from an ambulatory wireless EEG system using hybrid EEG electrodes. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009; 2008:5871-5. [PMID: 19164053 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4650550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes a compact, lightweight and ultra-low power ambulatory wireless EEG system based upon QUASAR's innovative noninvasive bioelectric sensor technologies. The sensors operate through hair without skin preparation or conductive gels. Mechanical isolation built into the harness permits the recording of high quality EEG data during ambulation. Advanced algorithms developed for this system permit real time classification of workload during subject motion. Measurements made using the EEG system during ambulation are presented, including results for real time classification of subject workload.
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Matthews R, Winson M, Scullion J. Treating landfill leachate using passive aeration trickling filters; effects of leachate characteristics and temperature on rates and process dynamics. Sci Total Environ 2009; 407:2557-2564. [PMID: 19217644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biological ammoniacal-nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N) and organic carbon (TOC) treatment was investigated in replicated mesoscale attached microbial film trickling filters, treating strong and weak strength landfill leachates in batch mode at temperatures of 3, 10, 15 and 30 degrees C. Comparing leachates, rates of NH(4)(+)-N reduction (0.126-0.159 g m(-2) d(-1)) were predominantly unaffected by leachate characteristics; there were significant differences in TOC rates (0.072-0.194 g m(-2) d(-1)) but no trend relating to leachate strength. Rates of total oxidised nitrogen (TON) accumulation (0.012-0.144 g m(-2) d(-1)) were slower for strong leachates. Comparing temperatures, treatment rates varied between 0.029-0.319 g NH(4)(+)-N m(-2) d(-1) and 0.033-0.251 g C m(-2) d(-1) generally increasing with rising temperatures; rates at 3 degrees C were 9 and 13% of those at 30 degrees C for NH(4)(+)-N and TOC respectively. For the weak leachates (NH(4)(+)-N<140 mg l(-1)) complete oxidation of NH(4)(+)-N was achieved. For the strong leachates (NH(4)(+)-N 883-1150 mg l(-1)) a biphasic treatment response resulted in NH(4)(+)-N removal efficiencies of between 68 and 88% and for one leachate no direct transformation of NH(4)(+)-N to TON in bulk leachate. The temporal decoupling of NH(4)(+)-N oxidation and TON accumulation in this leachate could not be fully explained by denitrification, volatilisation or anammox, suggesting temporary storage of N within the treatment system. This study demonstrates that passive aeration trickling filters can treat well-buffered high NH(4)(+)-N strength landfill leachates under a range of temperatures and that leachate strength has no effect on initial NH(4)(+)-N treatment rates. Whether this approach is a practicable option depends on a range of site specific factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Matthews
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, Wales, SY23 3DA, UK.
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Moran D, Macleod M, Wall E, Eory V, Mcvittie A, Barnes A, Rees B, Pajot G, Matthews R, Smith P, Moxey A. Marginal abatement cost curves for UK agriculture, forestry, land-use and land-use change sector out to 2022. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1307/6/24/242002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wardle N, Hudson H, Matthews R, Nunn C, Vella C, Bligh S. Presentation of the β -Carboxamidophosphonate Arrangement in Substrate Structures Targeting HIV-1 PR. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2009. [DOI: 10.2174/157018009787582660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
We present a numerical study of the effect of knotting on the ejection of flexible and semiflexible polymers from a spherical, viruslike capsid. The polymer ejection rate is primarily controlled by the knot, which moves to the hole in the capsid and then acts as a ratchet. Polymers with more complex knots eject more slowly and, for large knots, the knot type, and not the flexibility of the polymer, determines the rate of ejection. We discuss the relation of our results to the ejection of DNA from viral capsids and conjecture that this process has the biological advantage of unknotting the DNA before it enters a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Matthews
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford 0X1 3NP, England, United Kingdom
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Ogony J, Matthews R, Anni H, Shannon K, Ercal N. The mechanism of elevated toxicity in HepG2 cells due to combined exposure to ethanol and ionizing radiation. J Appl Toxicol 2008; 28:345-55. [PMID: 17631663 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ethanol and ionizing radiation exposure are independently known to cause tissue damage through various mechanisms. The non-enzymatic and enzymatic metabolism of ethanol, the latter via the cytochrome P(450) 2E1-dependent pathway produces free radicals, which deplete cellular glutathione (GSH). Ionizing radiation exposure has been shown to induce lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation and GSH depletion. It was postulated that cells sensitized by ethanol will be susceptible to additional insult, such as by radiation through increased oxidative stress. In this investigation, cultured liver cells (HepG2, human hepatocellular liver carcinoma) were exposed to ethanol, followed by ionizing radiation. The antioxidant status of the cells was evaluated by an array of techniques. Levels of glutathione, cysteine (CYS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by HPLC. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) were determined enzymatically. Apoptosis was evaluated by the caspases-3 assay and fluorescence microscopy. The data showed that combined treatment with ethanol and radiation resulted in the lowest levels of GSH, and highest MDA level compared with the control. The catalase activity was lower in the combined exposure groups, when compared with the single agent exposure groups, and the glutathione reductase activity was the highest in the combined exposure groups and lowest in the control. These findings suggest that a combination of ethanol and ionizing radiation results in greater toxicity in vitro through elevated oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Ogony
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, 870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Wu W, Abraham L, Ogony J, Matthews R, Goldstein G, Ercal N. Effects of N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), a thiol antioxidant on radiation-induced cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Life Sci 2008; 82:1122-30. [PMID: 18448127 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2008] [Revised: 03/20/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is known to cause tissue damage in biological systems, mainly due to its ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Many thiol antioxidants have been used previously as radioprotectors, but their application has been limited by their toxicity. In this investigation, we have explored the possible radioprotective effects of a newly synthesized thiol antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), in comparison with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a commonly used antioxidant. Protective effects of NACA and NAC were assessed using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, irradiated with 6 gray (Gy) radiation. Oxidative stress parameters, including levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), cysteine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase, were measured. Results indicate that NACA was capable of restoring GSH levels in irradiated cells in a dose dependent manner. In addition, NACA prevented radiation-induced loss in cell viability. NACA further restored levels of malondialdehyde, caspase-3 activity, and antioxidant enzyme activities to control levels. Although NAC affected cells in a similar manner to NACA, its effects were not as significant. Further, NAC was also found to be cytotoxic to cells at higher concentrations, whereas NACA was non-toxic at similar concentrations. These results suggest that NACA may be able to attenuate radiation-induced cytotoxicity, possibly by its ability to provide thiols to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
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Sheehan C, Matthews R, Coates A, Levett S, Chang A, Bankowski B, Hesla J, Matteri R. Oocyte Vitrification Is a Viable Option for Achieving Pregnancies and Preventing Multiple Gestation When Excess Oocytes Develop During Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation With Gonadotropins and IUI. Fertil Steril 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hodgetts S, Nooney L, Al-Akeel R, Curry A, Awad S, Matthews R, Burnie J. Efungumab and caspofungin: pre-clinical data supporting synergy. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61:1132-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkn075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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