1
|
Lobo J, Aggarwal RM, Alberti M, Allen-Dumas M, Bettencourt LMA, Boone C, Brelsford C, Broto VC, Eakin H, Bagchi-Sen S, Meerow S, D’Cruz C, Revi A, Roberts DC, Smith ME, York A, Lin T, Bai X, Solecki W, Pataki D, Tapia LB, Rockman M, Wolfram M, Schlosser P, Gauthier N. Integration of urban science and urban climate adaptation research: opportunities to advance climate action. NPJ Urban Sustain 2023; 3:32. [PMID: 37323541 PMCID: PMC10256966 DOI: 10.1038/s42949-023-00113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing recognition that responding to climate change necessitates urban adaptation. We sketch a transdisciplinary research effort, arguing that actionable research on urban adaptation needs to recognize the nature of cities as social networks embedded in physical space. Given the pace, scale and socioeconomic outcomes of urbanization in the Global South, the specificities and history of its cities must be central to the study of how well-known agglomeration effects can facilitate adaptation. The proposed effort calls for the co-creation of knowledge involving scientists and stakeholders, especially those historically excluded from the design and implementation of urban development policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Lobo
- School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Rimjhim M. Aggarwal
- School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Marina Alberti
- Urban Ecology Research Laboratory, Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - Melissa Allen-Dumas
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee USA
| | | | - Christopher Boone
- School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Christa Brelsford
- Human Dynamics Section, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee USA
| | | | - Hallie Eakin
- School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Sharmistha Bagchi-Sen
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Sara Meerow
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Celine D’Cruz
- International Centre for Climate Change and Development, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aromar Revi
- Indian Institute for Human Settlements, Bangalore, India
| | - Debra C. Roberts
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Sustainable and Resilient City Initiatives Unit, EThekwini Municipality, Durban, Republic of South Africa
| | - Michael E. Smith
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Abigail York
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - William Solecki
- Institute for Sustainable Cities, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Diane Pataki
- School of Sustainability, College of Global Futures, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Luís Bojorquez Tapia
- Laboratorio Nacional de Ciencias de la Sostenibilidad, Instituto de Ecología, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Marcy Rockman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland USA
| | - Marc Wolfram
- Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Dresden, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - Peter Schlosser
- Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona USA
| | - Nicolas Gauthier
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peterson HM, Baker LA, Aggarwal RM, Boyer TH, Chan NI. A transition management framework to stimulate a circular phosphorus system. Environ Dev Sustain 2021; 24:1713-1737. [PMID: 34007242 PMCID: PMC8121016 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the global population is projected to increase by two billion people by 2050, so will the demand for phosphorus (P), an essential nutrient for all living organisms and a major driver of eutrophication. To sustainably meet these challenges, we apply the conceptual framework of transition management (TM) to demonstrate how the trajectory of the current linear P use system could be strategically shifted toward a more circular P system. We present US case studies to examine P transitions management in intensive agriculture, wastewater disposal, and food waste management. Our goal is twofold. By first understanding past transitions in P management in the USA, we can build upon these insights for future management. This can then be applied to other global regions such as developing countries to bypass stages of transition as they intensify agriculture, incorporate sewers into cities, and expand waste management, to avoid becoming entrenched in unsustainable P management. We suggest how spaces for experimentation and collaboration can be created, how and which actor networks can be mobilized, and what action strategies and policies can be recommended to accelerate their transition to P sustainability. Our case studies show that while substantial improvements have been made, the transition toward a circular economy of P is far from complete. Our findings point to the value of utilizing TM for future progress in the US Development of TM frameworks for managing P in other regions of the world may enable them to achieve sustainable P development faster and more effectively than the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M. Peterson
- Sand County Foundation, 131 W. Wilson Street, Suite 610, Madison, WI 53703 USA
| | - Lawrence A. Baker
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Rimjhim M. Aggarwal
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5502 USA
| | - Treavor H. Boyer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, P.O. Box 873005, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005 USA
| | - Neng Iong Chan
- School of Life Sciences, Neng Iong Chan, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4601 USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Most studies on the response of socioeconomic systems to a sudden shift focus on long-term equilibria or end points. Such narrow focus forgoes many valuable insights. Here we examine the transient dynamics of regime shift on a divided population, exemplified by societies divided ideologically, politically, economically, or technologically. Replicator dynamics is used to investigate the complex transient dynamics of the population response. Though simple, our modeling approach exhibits a surprisingly rich and diverse array of dynamics. Our results highlight the critical roles played by diversity in strategies and the magnitude of the shift. Importantly, it allows for a variety of strategies to arise organically as an integral part of the transient dynamics—as opposed to an independent process—of population response to a regime shift, providing a link between the population's past and future diversity patterns. Several combinations of different populations' strategy distributions and shifts were systematically investigated. Such rich dynamics highlight the challenges of anticipating the response of a divided population to a change. The findings in this paper can potentially improve our understanding of a wide range of socio-ecological and technological transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad R. Qubbaj
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachata Muneepeerakul
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Mathematical, Computational, and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Rimjhim M. Aggarwal
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - John M. Anderies
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muneepeerakul R, Qubbaj MR, Aggarwal RM, Anderies JM, Janssen MA. Critical transition between cohesive and population-dividing responses to change. J R Soc Interface 2012; 9:3303-11. [PMID: 22809848 PMCID: PMC3481574 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globalization and global climate change will probably be accompanied by rapid social and biophysical changes that may be caused by external forcing or internal nonlinear dynamics. These changes often subject residing populations (human or otherwise) to harsh environments and force them to respond. Research efforts have mostly focused on the underlying mechanisms that drive these changes and the characteristics of new equilibria towards which populations would adapt. However, the transient dynamics of how populations respond under these new regimes is equally, if not more, important, and systematic analysis of such dynamics has received less attention. Here, we investigate this problem under the framework of replicator dynamics with fixed reward kernels. We show that at least two types of population responses are possible—cohesive and population-dividing transitions—and demonstrate that the critical transition between the two, as well as other important properties, can be expressed in simple relationships between the shape of reward structure, shift magnitude and initial strategy diversity. Importantly, these relationships are derived from a simple, yet powerful and versatile, method. As many important phenomena, from political polarization to the evolution of distinct ecological traits, may be cast in terms of division of populations, we expect our findings and method to be useful and applicable for understanding population responses to change in a wide range of contexts.
Collapse
|