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Nagaoka A, Hino M, Izumi R, Shishido R, Ishibashi M, Hatano M, Sainouchi M, Kakita A, Tomita H, Kunii Y. Availability of individual proteins for quantitative analysis in postmortem brains preserved in two different brain banks. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024. [PMID: 38558385 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Postmortem brain research is necessary for elucidating the pathology of schizophrenia; an increasing number of studies require a combination of suitable tissue samples preserved at multiple brain banks. In this study, we examined whether a comparative study of protein expression levels can be conducted using postmortem brain samples preserved in different facilities. METHODS We compared the demographic factors of postmortem brain samples preserved in two institutions and measured and compared the expression levels of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus. GAPDH is generally used as a loading control for western blotting, and GFAP is considered as an astrocyte marker in the brain. RESULTS We found significant differences between the two institutions in postmortem interval, age at death, and preservation time. To reduce the effects of these differences on our measurements, the parameters were set as covariates in our analyses of covariance. Subsequently, no differences in GAPDH and GFAP expression were found between institutions. CONCLUSIONS When studies are conducted using brain samples preserved in different brain banks, differences in demographic factors should be carefully considered and taken into account by statistical methods to minimize their impact as much as possible. Since there was no significant difference in the protein expression levels of GAPDH and GFAP in either region between the two institutions that preserved the postmortem brains, we concluded that it is possible to perform protein quantitative analysis assuming that there is no effect of difference between two institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Miki Ishibashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masataka Hatano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Sainouchi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Hino M, Kunii Y, Shishido R, Nagaoka A, Matsumoto J, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Hayashi H, Kakita A, Tomita H, Yabe H. Marked alteration of phosphoinositide signaling-associated molecules in postmortem prefrontal cortex with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:121-128. [PMID: 38253804 PMCID: PMC10932789 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The etiology of bipolar disorder (BD) remains unknown; however, lipid abnormalities in BD have received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, we examined the expression levels of enzyme proteins associated with the metabolic pathway of phosphoinositides (PIs) and their downstream effectors, protein kinase B (Akt1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which have been assumed to be the targets of mood stabilizers such as lithium, in the postmortem brains of patients with BD. METHODS The protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma (PIP5K1C), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha (PIK4CA), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), Akt1, and GSK3β were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Specifically, PTEN, Akt1, GSK3β, and PIP5K1C were measured in seven BD patients and 48 controls. Additionally, PIK4CA was analyzed in 10 cases and 34 controls. RESULTS PTEN expression levels were markedly decreased in the PFCs of patients with BD, whereas those of Akt and GSK3β were prominently elevated. Moreover, patients medicated with lithium exhibited higher Akt1 expression levels and lower PTEN expression levels in comparison with the untreated group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the expression levels of Akt1/GSK3β and its upstream regulator PTEN are considerably altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hino
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of MedicineFukushima Medical UniversityFukushimaJapan
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community‐Based Medical Education/Department of Community‐Based MedicineNagoya City University Graduate School of Medical ScienceNagoyaAichiJapan
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura HospitalToyohashiAichiJapan
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura HospitalToyohashiAichiJapan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research InstituteNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research InstituteNiigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagiJapan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster ScienceTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
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Miyahara K, Hino M, Shishido R, Izumi R, Nagaoka A, Hayashi H, Kakita A, Yabe H, Tomita H, Kunii Y. Ethnicity-dependent effect of rs1799971 polymorphism on OPRM1 expression in the postmortem brain and responsiveness to antipsychotics. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 166:10-16. [PMID: 37659266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with aberration of inhibitory neurons. Although the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is an essential modulator of inhibitory neurons, the effect of rs1799971 polymorphism in the MOR gene on risk of schizophrenia is controversial. Moreover, the disturbance of opioids systems in patients with schizophrenia has not been fully examined. We firstly conducted preliminary meta-analyses integrating Asian and European populations separately over 12,000 subjects to assess the effect of rs1799971 on risk of schizophrenia. Based on the above result, we also investigated the effect on the expression levels of MOR mRNA in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and caudate nucleus of 41 postmortem brains. In addition, we determined whether these levels were related to antemortem schizophrenia symptoms and pharmacotherapeutic effects. The rs1799971 G-allele reduced the risk of schizophrenia in Asian populations (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.32-0.98, p = 0.042) but increased it in European populations (OR: 1.66, 95%CI: 1.08-2.56, p = 0.022). It decreased MOR mRNA levels in PFC in the Japanese population (p = 0.031). Increased MOR mRNA level in PFC correlated with higher total score of antemortem schizophrenia symptoms (p = 0.017). Furthermore, the pharmacotherapeutic effect of first-generation antipsychotics was higher for genotype AA than AG/GG of rs1799971 (p = 0.036). The rs1799971 affects risk of schizophrenia and MOR mRNA expression and the effect varies according to ethnicity. Overexpression of MOR might induce severe schizophrenia symptoms. Therefore, MOR modulation may be the key clue for treating antipsychotics-resistant schizophrenia, and genotyping rs1799971 may provide a better pharmacotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusa Miyahara
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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Shishido R, Kunii Y, Hino M, Izumi R, Nagaoka A, Hayashi H, Kakita A, Tomita H, Yabe H. Evidence for increased DNA damage repair in the postmortem brain of the high stress-response group of schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1183696. [PMID: 37674553 PMCID: PMC10478254 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1183696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schizophrenia (SZ) is a disorder diagnosed by specific symptoms and duration and is highly heterogeneous, clinically and pathologically. Although there are an increasing number of studies on the association between genetic and environmental factors in the development of SZ, the actual distribution of the population with different levels of influence of these factors has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we focused on stress as an environmental factor and stratified SZ based on the expression levels of stress-responsive molecules in the postmortem prefrontal cortex. Methods We selected the following stress-responsive molecules: interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, glucocorticoid receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, synaptophysin, S100 calcium-binding protein B, superoxide dismutase, postsynaptic density protein 95, synuclein, apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoA2, and solute carrier family 6 member 4. We performed RNA sequencing in the prefrontal gray matter of 25 SZ cases and 21 healthy controls and conducted a hierarchical cluster analysis of SZ based on the gene expression levels of stress-responsive molecules, which yielded two clusters. After assessing the validity of the clusters, they were designated as the high stress-response SZ group and the low stress-response SZ group, respectively. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between clusters was performed, and Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was conducted on four cases each in the high and low stress-response SZ groups to validate DNA damage. Results We found higher prevalence of family history of SZ in the low stress-response SZ group (0/3 vs. 5/4, p = 0.04). Pathway analysis of DEGs between clusters showed the highest enrichment for DNA double-strand break repair. TUNEL staining showed a trend toward a lower percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in the high stress-response SZ group. Conclusion Our results suggest that there are subgroups of SZ with different degrees of stress impact. Furthermore, the pathophysiology of these subgroups may be associated with DNA damage repair. These results provide new insights into the interactions and heterogeneity between genetic and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Miyahara K, Hino M, Yu Z, Ono C, Nagaoka A, Hatano M, Shishido R, Yabe H, Tomita H, Kunii Y. The influence of tissue pH and RNA integrity number on gene expression of human postmortem brain. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1156524. [PMID: 37520228 PMCID: PMC10379646 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1156524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evaluating and controlling confounders are necessary when investigating molecular pathogenesis using human postmortem brain tissue. Particularly, tissue pH and RNA integrity number (RIN) are valuable indicators for controlling confounders. However, the influences of these indicators on the expression of each gene in postmortem brain have not been fully investigated. Therefore, we aimed to assess these effects on gene expressions of human brain samples. Methods We isolated total RNA from occipital lobes of 13 patients with schizophrenia and measured the RIN and tissue pH. Gene expression was analyzed and gene sets affected by tissue pH and RIN were identified. Moreover, we examined the functions of these genes by enrichment analysis and upstream regulator analysis. Results We identified 2,043 genes (24.7%) whose expressions were highly correlated with pH; 3,004 genes (36.3%) whose expressions were highly correlated with RIN; and 1,293 genes (15.6%) whose expressions were highly correlated with both pH and RIN. Genes commonly affected by tissue pH and RIN were highly associated with energy production and the immune system. In addition, genes uniquely affected by tissue pH were highly associated with the cell cycle, whereas those uniquely affected by RIN were highly associated with RNA processing. Conclusion The current study elucidated the influence of pH and RIN on gene expression profiling and identified gene sets whose expressions were affected by tissue pH or RIN. These findings would be helpful in the control of confounders for future postmortem brain studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusa Miyahara
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Zhiqian Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ono
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masataka Hatano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Miyahara K, Hino M, Shishido R, Nagaoka A, Izumi R, Hayashi H, Kakita A, Yabe H, Tomita H, Kunii Y. Identification of schizophrenia symptom-related gene modules by postmortem brain transcriptome analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:144. [PMID: 37142572 PMCID: PMC10160042 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a multifactorial disorder, the genetic architecture of which remains unclear. Although many studies have examined the etiology of schizophrenia, the gene sets that contribute to its symptoms have not been fully investigated. In this study, we aimed to identify each gene set associated with corresponding symptoms of schizophrenia using the postmortem brains of 26 patients with schizophrenia and 51 controls. We classified genes expressed in the prefrontal cortex (analyzed by RNA-seq) into several modules by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and examined the correlation between module expression and clinical characteristics. In addition, we calculated the polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia from Japanese genome-wide association studies, and investigated the association between the identified gene modules and PRS to evaluate whether genetic background affected gene expression. Finally, we conducted pathway analysis and upstream analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to clarify the functions and upstream regulators of symptom-related gene modules. As a result, three gene modules generated by WGCNA were significantly correlated with clinical characteristics, and one of these showed a significant association with PRS. Genes belonging to the transcriptional module associated with PRS significantly overlapped with signaling pathways of multiple sclerosis, neuroinflammation, and opioid use, suggesting that these pathways may also be profoundly implicated in schizophrenia. Upstream analysis indicated that genes in the detected module were profoundly regulated by lipopolysaccharides and CREB. This study identified schizophrenia symptom-related gene sets and their upstream regulators, revealing aspects of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and identifying potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazusa Miyahara
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tomita
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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Iwakura Y, Kawahara-Miki R, Kida S, Sotoyama H, Gabdulkhaev R, Takahashi H, Kunii Y, Hino M, Nagaoka A, Izumi R, Shishido R, Someya T, Yabe H, Kakita A, Nawa H. Elevation of EGR1/zif268, a Neural Activity Marker, in the Auditory Cortex of Patients with Schizophrenia and its Animal Model. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2715-2727. [PMID: 35469366 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The family of epidermal growth factor (EGF) including neuregulin-1 are implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. We established a rat model of schizophrenia by exposing perinatal rats to EGF and reported that the auditory pathophysiological traits of this model such as prepulse inhibition, auditory steady-state response, and mismatch negativity are relevant to those of schizophrenia. We assessed the activation status of the auditory cortex in this model, as well as that in patients with schizophrenia, by monitoring the three neural activity-induced proteins: EGR1 (zif268), c-fos, and Arc. Among the activity markers, protein levels of EGR1 were significantly higher at the adult stage in EGF model rats than those in control rats. The group difference was observed despite an EGF model rat and a control rat being housed together, ruling out the contribution of rat vocalization effects. These changes in EGR1 levels were seen to be specific to the auditory cortex of this model. The increase in EGR1 levels were detectable at the juvenile stage and continued until old ages but displayed a peak immediately after puberty, whereas c-fos and Arc levels were nearly indistinguishable between groups at all ages with an exception of Arc decrease at the juvenile stage. A similar increase in EGR1 levels was observed in the postmortem superior temporal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. The commonality of the EGR1 increase indicates that the EGR1 elevation in the auditory cortex might be one of the molecular signatures of this animal model and schizophrenia associating with hallucination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Iwakura
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
- Department of Brain Tumor Biology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
| | | | - Satoshi Kida
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioscience, Faculty of Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Sotoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ramil Gabdulkhaev
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nawa
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
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Izumi R, Hino M, Nagaoka A, Shishido R, Kakita A, Hoshino M, Kunii Y, Yabe H. Dysregulation of DPYSL2 expression by mTOR signaling in schizophrenia: Multi-level study of postmortem brain. Neurosci Res 2021; 175:73-81. [PMID: 34543692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling and dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 (DPYSL2), which are increasingly gaining attention as potential therapeutic targets for schizophrenia, are connected via Cap-dependent translation of the 5'TOP motif. We quantified the expression of molecules constituting the mTOR-signaling and DPYSL2 in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) of postmortem brain tissue samples from 24 patients with schizophrenia and 32 control individuals and conducted association analysis to examine abnormal regulation of DPYSL2 expression by the mTOR-signaling in schizophrenia. The average ribosomal protein S6 (S6) levels in the PFC and STG were lower in patients with schizophrenia (p < 0.01). DPYSL2 expression showed a significant positive correlation with phospho-S6 expression levels, which were effectors of mTOR translational regulation, and the correlation slope between phospho-S6 and DPYSL2 expressions differed between cases and controls. Association analyses of these mTOR-signaling and DPYSL2 alterations with genetic polymorphisms and the clinical profile suggested that certain genetic variants of DPYSL2 require high mTOR-signaling activity. Thus, the findings confirmed decreased S6 expression levels in schizophrenia and supported the relationship between the mTOR-signaling and DPYSL2 via 5'TOP Cap-dependent translation, thus providing insights connecting the two major schizophrenia treatment strategies associated with the mTOR-signaling and DPYSL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Psychology, Takeda General Hospital, Aizuwakamatu, Japan
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Kunii Y, Matsumoto J, Izumi R, Nagaoka A, Hino M, Shishido R, Sainouchi M, Akatsu H, Hashizume Y, Kakita A, Yabe H. Evidence for Altered Phosphoinositide Signaling-Associated Molecules in the Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex of Patients with Schizophrenia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158280. [PMID: 34361045 PMCID: PMC8348881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) play important roles in the structure and function of the brain. Associations between PIs and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have been studied. However, the significance of the PI metabolic pathway in the pathology of schizophrenia is unknown. We examined the expression of PI signaling-associated proteins in the postmortem brain of schizophrenia patients. Protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma (PIP5K1C), phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase alpha (PIK4CA, also known as PIK4A), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (PTEN), protein kinase B (Akt), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of postmortem samples from 23 schizophrenia patients and 47 normal controls. We also examined the association between PIK4CA expression and its genetic variants in the same brain samples. PIK4CA expression was lower, whereas Akt expression was higher, in the PFC of schizophrenia patients than in that of controls; PIP5K1C, PTEN, and GSK3β expression was not different. No single-nucleotide polymorphism significantly affected protein expression. We identified molecules involved in the pathology of schizophrenia via this lipid metabolic pathway. These results suggest that PIK4CA is involved in the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and is a potential novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuto Kunii
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-717-7897
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Ryuta Izumi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Atsuko Nagaoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Mizuki Hino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Disaster Psychiatry, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Risa Shishido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
| | - Makoto Sainouchi
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Hiroyasu Akatsu
- Department of Community-Based Medical Education, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Aichi 467-8601, Japan;
- Department of Community-Based Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Science, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi 441-8124, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Hashizume
- Choju Medical Institute, Fukushimura Hospital, Aichi 441-8124, Japan;
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan; (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Hirooki Yabe
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (J.M.); (R.I.); (A.N.); (M.H.); (R.S.); (H.Y.)
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nishinomiya
- Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation; 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba 293-8511 Japan
| | - K. Toshin
- Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corporation; 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba 293-8511 Japan
| | - R. Shishido
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials; Tohoku University; Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
| | - S. Suzuki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials; Tohoku University; Katahira, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8577 Japan
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Shishido R, Ohmido N, Fukui K. Chromosome painting as a tool for rice genetics and breeding. Methods Cell Sci 2002; 23:125-32. [PMID: 11741149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome painting and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) are both effective methods for basic genetic research and practical breeding. These methods were applied even in the typically small chromosomes of rice. This manuscript describes in detail, highly reproducible, complete protocols for chromosome painting and GISH in rice chromosomes. Examples of useful applications of these methods are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shishido
- Department of Plant Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan
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Abstract
rDNA (18S-5.8S-25S rDNA) and 5S rDNA loci were visualized on the chromosomes of six species of the genus Oryza by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the labeled rice chromosomes were identified based on their condensation patterns. As a result, the chromosomes harboring rDNA and/or 5S rDNA loci were determined in the complement for all the known rice genomes. Variation in the location of the rDNA loci indicated the transpositional nature of the rDNAs in the genus Oryza, as also suggested in Triticeae and Allium. Comparative analysis of the locations of rDNA loci among rice, maize and wheat revealed that variability in the physical location of the rDNA loci was characteristic of the genus Oryza and also of the genera of Gramineae. This variability in the location of the rDNA loci between evolutionarily related species is in sharp contrast to the conservation of the general order of genes in their genomes.
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MESH Headings
- Chromosome Mapping
- DNA Probes
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Genome, Plant
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Oryza/genetics
- RNA, Plant/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S/genetics
- Triticum/genetics
- Zea mays/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shishido
- Department of Plant Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
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Shishido R. [Present condition and future prospects of viral vaccines]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 1976; 50:89-92. [PMID: 820822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yamate E, Shishido R, Yokoyama M. Unusual albumin agglutinating property in the serum of a Japanese female patient with rectal cancer. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1970; 19:159-61. [PMID: 4996057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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