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Langwerden RJ, Morris SL, Fernandez SB, Contreras-Pérez ME, Hospital MM, Wagner EF. Preliminary Effects of a Guided Self-Change Intervention on Perceived Risk and Self-Efficacy in University Students Engaging in Cannabis or Alcohol Misuse. Cannabis 2023; 6:127-138. [PMID: 38035169 PMCID: PMC10683752 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2023/000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Guided Self-Change (GSC) is a Motivational Interviewing (MI)-based early intervention program, infused with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), for individuals with substance use problems. In this study, we implemented a 4-session GSC program with the innovative addition of mindfulness-based techniques at a minority-serving institution to reduce substance use and negative consequences among self-referred university students. We investigated processes that may be associated with behavior change, including perceived risk of use and self-efficacy ratings among university students who reported their primary substance of choice was cannabis (n = 18) or alcohol (n = 18). The sample of 36 participants (Mage = 24.4, SDage = 5, range 18-37) mostly identified as female (58.3%), then male (41.7%); 52.8% identified as Hispanic/Latine, 22.2% as Black or African American, and 19.5% as a sexual minority. Among cannabis primary using students, results indicated that the perceived risk of weekly cannabis use, confidence to change, and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessment. Among alcohol primary using students, confidence to change and readiness to change showed statistically significant increases from pre- to post-assessments. All results yielded large effect sizes, which may be inflated due to the small sample size. Findings suggest that over the course of participation in a brief, 4-session targeted GSC program, there were significant increases in perceived risk and self-efficacy among minority university students who engage in primary cannabis or primary alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J Langwerden
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Staci L Morris
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sofia B Fernandez
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - María Eugenia Contreras-Pérez
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle M Hospital
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric F Wagner
- Community Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Hospital MM, Contreras-Pérez ME, Alessi SM, Langwerden RJ, Morris SL, Wagner EF. Mindfulness as an early intervention for hazardous alcohol use among non-treatment seeking Latine emerging adults: A mini-review. Addict Behav 2023; 145:107759. [PMID: 37276788 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The age cohort referred to as emerging adults (ages 18-29 years old) demonstrates the most hazardous alcohol use in the United States (U.S.) Approximately one-third of emerging adults regularly engage in heavy episodic drinking (4/5 drinks in two hours females/males). Compared to their non-Latine White peers, Latine emerging adults in the U.S. report lower rates of heavy episodic drinking (HED) yet are at greater risk of developing a substance use disorder and experience more severe negative consequences from drinking alcohol. Despite their high-risk status, Latine emerging adults are less likely to seek treatment and have less access to innovative health-promoting resources, further exacerbating health inequities. Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can interrupt habituated cognitions, intrusive thinking, and automatic behaviors associated with hazardous drinking. However, Latine representation in MBI trials is minimal. This mini-review explores the potential value of mindfulness as an early intervention for hazardous alcohol use among Latine emerging adults. The review provides future directions for research, highlighting the need to design culturally and developmentally tailored MBIs that can provide a respectful, non-judgmental, and discrimination-free environment that appeals to Latine emerging adults. Additionally, conclusions are drawn regarding the possible benefits of pairing MBI with contingency management strategies to decrease attrition rates in MBI trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Hospital
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - María Eugenia Contreras-Pérez
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Sheila M Alessi
- Department of Medicine and the Calhoun Cardiology Center - Behavioral Health Division, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030-3944, USA.
| | - Robbert J Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Staci Leon Morris
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Eric F Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
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Langwerden RJ, Ibañez GE, Contreras-Pérez ME, Contreras HA, Rivero ML, Charles SC, Morris SL, Campa AL, Wagner EF, Hospital MM. A Qualitative Exploration of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Hispanic/Latine and African American and Black Middle-Aged and Older Adults in South Florida. Health Equity 2023; 7:166-177. [PMID: 36942313 PMCID: PMC10024580 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Racial and ethnic health disparities are more conspicuous in the United States since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While the urgency of these disparities was already alarming, the pandemic has exacerbated longstanding issues in health equity, disproportionate impacts, and social determinants of health. Vaccine hesitancy was a crucial factor during the U.S. COVID-19 vaccination campaign. We conducted a qualitative exploration of vaccine hesitancy through thematic analysis of four focus groups with Hispanic/Latine and African American/Black adults and senior citizens (N=23). The focus groups were conducted between February and April of 2021, in both English and Spanish. All participants (mean age=66.2, female 78.3%) were recruited by community-based organizations in the South Florida area. We explored six categories: (1) barriers to prevention and preventive behaviors, (2) barriers to vaccination against COVID-19, (3) facilitators of prevention and preventative behaviors, (4) facilitators of vaccination against COVID-19, (5) trusted sources of information, and (6) suggested macrolevel measures. These categories are discussed vis-à-vis COVID-19 disparities among racial and ethnic minorities. Implications for public health policy and future vaccination campaigns are outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J. Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Address correspondence to: Robbert J. Langwerden, MSc, Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Academic Health Center 5, Miami, FL 33199, USA,
| | - Gladys E. Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - María Eugenia Contreras-Pérez
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Robert Stempel School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Haby Abraham Contreras
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Luzardo Rivero
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sara C. Charles
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Staci L. Morris
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Robert Stempel School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adriana L. Campa
- Institutional Review Board, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eric F. Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Robert Stempel School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle M. Hospital
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Contreras-Pérez ME, Diaz-Martinez J, Langwerden RJ, Hospital MM, Morris SL, Wagner EF, Campa AL. Preliminary Analysis of COVID-19 Vaccination Factors among Native and Foreign-Born Hispanic/Latine Adults Residing in South Florida, U.S.A. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:13225. [PMID: 36293803 PMCID: PMC9603465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explored barriers, motivators, and trusted sources of information regarding COVID-19 vaccination among Hispanic/Latine individuals. Hispanic/Latine is a broad social construct that encompasses people from heterogeneous countries and cultures. In the U.S., foreign-born Hispanics/Latines tend to have better health outcomes than U.S.-born individuals. Thus, the study examined whether nativity is a significant factor in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Binary logistic regression and linear regression analyses were employed and revealed that, regardless of nativity, Hispanic/Latine participants face similar barriers and find similar sources of information trustworthy. Controlling for age and race, vaccination rates or perceived likelihood of getting vaccinated did not differ between the two groups. The two groups significantly differed in specific motivators for vaccination: foreign-born Hispanic/Latine individuals were more motivated to get the vaccine to keep themselves, their families, and their community safe, and more often believed vaccination is needed for life to return to normal. Study results provide important insights into similarities and differences in barriers, motivators, and trusted sources of information regarding COVID-19 vaccination among native and foreign-born Hispanic/Latine individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Contreras-Pérez
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Janet Diaz-Martinez
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Caridad Center, Boynton Beach, FL 33472, USA
| | - Robbert J. Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michelle M. Hospital
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Staci L. Morris
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Eric F. Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- School of Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Adriana L. Campa
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Langwerden RJ, van der Heijden PT, Soons PH, Derksen JJ, Vuijk R, Egger JI. An Exploratory Study of MMPI-2-RF Personality and Psychopathology Profiles of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder without Intellectual Disability. Clin Neuropsychiatry 2022; 19:335-346. [PMID: 36340276 PMCID: PMC9597642 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More empirical research is needed to disentangle the phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cluster C personality symptomatology (CCPD), as both show similarities in their clinical presentation. We explored personality and psychopathology dimensions as conceptualized in contemporary dimensional taxonomies (i.e., hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology; HiTOP) in adults with ASD without intellectual disability operationalized by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). METHOD Applying secondary analytic processes using clinical data, we cross-examined the MMPI-2-RF profiles of adults with ASD (n = 28) compared to adults with Cluster C personality disorders (CCPD; n = 28) and a control group (n = 28) by conducting nonparametric tests and assessing effect sizes. RESULTS The profiles of the ASD and CCPD groups evidenced to be similar, and both average clinical profiles diverged from the average control group profiles by elevated levels of demoralization, internalizing, and somatization symptomatology. There were small differences between the average profiles of adults with ASD and adults with CCPD. Additional research using dimensional measures of psychopathology could elucidate the dimensional phenotypes of ASD and CCPD. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results in this study, the MMPI-2-RF may not meaningfully discriminate between the two clinical presentations, with the exception of various externalizing scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J. Langwerden
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA,Corresponding Author Robbert J. Langwerden 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA E-mail: robbert.langwerden@ donders.ru.nl Phone: (+1) 305 348 5388
| | - Paul T. van der Heijden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, ’s Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan J.L. Derksen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Richard Vuijk
- Sarr Autism Rotterdam, Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos I.M. Egger
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Vincent van Gogh Centres of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Venray, The Netherlands, Stevig Specialized and Forensic Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Dichterbij, Oostrum, The Netherlands
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Morris SL, Langwerden RJ, Wagner EF, Hospital MM. Implementation of a brief motivational intervention for alcohol and other drug using Latinx college students. J Am Coll Health 2022:1-11. [PMID: 35816752 PMCID: PMC9873229 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2090258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use problems among college students continue to represent a public health epidemic. In 2019, historically high rates of binge-drinking and marijuana use were reported among college-age adults, and the detrimental effects of excessive AOD use in college, such as poorer academic performance, sexual assault, injury or overdoses, and a range of other negative consequences, have been well-documented. Thus, there is a continued need for effective implementation of evidence-based, cost-effective interventions aimed at reducing risks associated with collegiate AOD use. Guided Self Change (GSC) is a brief intervention involving motivational enhancement and cognitive-behavioral strategies and has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing AOD use problems. Its brevity, client-driven style, and concrete here-and-now focus are appealing to individuals struggling with mild to moderate AOD use problems. In order to successfully intervene with collegians with AOD use problems attending minority-serving institutions, GSC requires developmental and cultural tailoring. The current report describes the developmental and cultural tailoring of GSC for emerging adult Latinx collegians, as well as our consumer-driven addition of mindfulness content. Key components of our GSC program are documented through qualitative feedback, quantitative results, and case vignettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Staci L Morris
- Community-Based Research Institute (CBRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robbert J Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute (CBRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Eric F Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute (CBRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle M Hospital
- Community-Based Research Institute (CBRI), Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Langwerden RJ, Wagner EF, Hospital MM, Morris SL, Cueto V, Carrasquillo O, Charles SC, Perez KR, Contreras-Pérez ME, Campa AL. A Latent Profile Analysis of COVID-19 Trusted Sources of Information among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in South Florida. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:545. [PMID: 35455294 PMCID: PMC9031496 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
By the spring of 2021, most of the adult U.S. population became eligible to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Yet, by the summer of 2021, the vaccination rate stagnated. Given the immense impact COVID-19 has had on society and individuals, and the surge of new variant strains of the virus, it remains urgent to better understand barriers to vaccination, including the impact of variations in trusted sources of COVID-19 information. The goal of the present study was to conduct a cross-sectional, community-engaged, and person-centered study of trusted sources of COVID-19 information using latent profile analysis (LPA). The aims were to (1) identify the number and nature of profiles of trusted sources of COVID-19 information, and (2) determine whether the trust profiles were predictive of COVID-19 vaccination attitudes and various demographic categories. Participants included mostly racial and ethnic minority individuals (82.4%) recruited by various community-based agencies in South Florida. The LPA evidenced an optimal 3-class solution characterized by low (n = 80)-, medium (n = 147)-, and high (n = 52)-trust profiles, with high trust statistically significantly predictive of vaccination willingness. The profiles identified could be important targets for public health dissemination efforts to reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake. The general level of trust in COVID-19 information sources was found to be an important factor in predicting COVID-19 vaccination willingness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J. Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Eric F. Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Michelle M. Hospital
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Staci L. Morris
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Victor Cueto
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (V.C.); (O.C.)
| | - Olveen Carrasquillo
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (V.C.); (O.C.)
| | - Sara C. Charles
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Katherine R. Perez
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - María Eugenia Contreras-Pérez
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (E.F.W.); (M.M.H.); (S.L.M.); (S.C.C.); (K.R.P.); (M.E.C.-P.)
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Adriana L. Campa
- Research Center in a Minority Institution, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Langwerden RJ, Van der Heijden PT, Claassen T, Derksen JJL, Egger JIM. The structure of dimensions of psychopathology in normative and clinical samples: Applying causal discovery to MMPI-2-RF scales to investigate clustering of psychopathology spectra and p-factors. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1026900. [PMID: 36440421 PMCID: PMC9686405 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1026900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied a Bayesian Constraint-based Causal Discovery method (BCCD) to examine the hierarchical structure of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) Restructured Clinical (RC) scales. Two different general psychopathology super spectra (p-factor) scales were extracted from (1) all RC scales and (2) all RC scales except the RCd (Demoralization) scale. These p-factor scales were included in separate models to investigate the structure of dimensions of psychopathology in a normative (n = 3,242) and clinical (n = 2,466) sample, as well as the combined normative/clinical sample (N = 5,708), by applying the BCCD algorithm to obtain a data-driven reconstruction of the internal hierarchical structure of the MMPI-2-RF. Research on the underlying structure of the MMPI-2-RF has clinical relevance as well as conceptual relevance in the context of the HiTOP model. Results demonstrated that the syndromes measured with the RC-scales-in presence of a p-factor-cluster into six spectra: internalizing, disinhibited-externalizing, antagonistic-externalizing, thought disorder, detachment, and somatoform. These results may support a super spectrum construct, as it was necessary for obtaining a bottom-up reconstruction of this six-spectrum structure. We found support for superiority of a broad super spectrum with additional variance over and above demoralization, as it resulted in the clearest structure (i.e., clustering of the RC scales). Furthermore, our results indicate independent support for the bifactor structure model of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J Langwerden
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Paul T Van der Heijden
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Tom Claassen
- Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan J L Derksen
- Behavioral Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jos I M Egger
- Centers of Excellence in Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Mental Health Institute, Venray, Netherlands.,Stevig Specialized and Forensic Care for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Oostrom, Netherlands
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Langwerden RJ, Thompson MG, Wagner EF. Multidimensional conceptualization of identity and psychopathology: Assessing mental health disparities from an intersectional and dimensional framework. Personal Ment Health 2021; 15:293-308. [PMID: 34132042 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) currently constitute 40% of the US population and will become the majority by 2045. Current mental health systems have not sufficiently accounted for disparities, inequities, and social determinants impacting BIPOC lives. We outline several advances that could improve mental health disparities research. Research on BIPOC requires mental health assessment accurately capturing multiple facets of one's identity, taking into account the complexities of multifaceted historical oppression. Assessing (personality) psychopathology in a dimensional and hierarchical manner could provide greater insight into mental health disparities between diverse identity individuals. We encourage studying moderators that are protective assets for BIPOC-such as resiliency and community factors-as opposed to deficit-dominant, category-based, and majority-dominant assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J Langwerden
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michelle G Thompson
- School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Eric F Wagner
- Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Langwerden RJ, van der Heijden PT, Egger JIM, Derksen JJL. Robustness of the Maladaptive Personality Plaster: An Investigation of Stability of the PSY-5-r in Adults over 20 Years. J Pers Assess 2020; 103:27-32. [PMID: 32125195 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1729772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-term stability of maladaptive personality traits in the general population has been under-investigated. The current study examined the longitudinal 20-year mean-level stability and rank-order consistency of five maladaptive personality traits-as measured with the Personality Psychopathology-5-r scales. Correlations and regression analysis were conducted to test both types of stability comparing raw scores of scale administrations in a general population sample in both 1992 and 2012 (N = 65). Repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated significant mean-level stability of the PSY-5-r traits over 20 years. The PSY-5-r scales demonstrated significant rank-order consistency as evidenced by correlational analyses and reliability coefficients. The scales Aggressiveness-r (r = .73), Neuroticism/Negative Emotionality-r (r = .65), Introversion/Low Positive Emotionality-r (r = .63), and Disconstraint-r (r = .56), evidenced strong rank-order stability, whereas Psychoticism-r (r = .3) showed moderate rank-order consistency. The results of the present study indicate that maladaptive personality traits as measured with the PSY-5-r scales are relatively stable over 20 years in an adult community population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert J Langwerden
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Community-Based Research Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Paul T van der Heijden
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel Mental Health Institute, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jos I M Egger
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Centers of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Vincent van Gogh Mental Health Institute, Venray, The Netherlands.,Stevig Specialized and Forensic Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Oostrom, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J L Derksen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Clinical and Life Span Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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