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Stodtmeister R, Menzel A, Klimova A, Herber R, Pillunat KR, Pillunat LE. Measurement of the retinal venous pressure with a new instrument in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1633-1639. [PMID: 38214734 PMCID: PMC11031493 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the results of retinal venous pressure (RVP) measurement performed with contact lens dynamometry (CLD) and with the new IOPstim. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included 36 patients with primary open angle glaucoma with a median age (Q25; Q75) of 74 (64; 77) years (m/f = 18/18), baseline intraocular pressure (IOP): 13.9 (12.2; 15.1) mmHg. Median mean defect: - 5.8 (- 11.9; - 2.6) db. Principle of the IOPstim: an empty balloon with a diameter of 8 mm is positioned on the eye, laterally of the limbus. Under observation of the central retinal vein (CRV), the examiner inflates the balloon. As soon as the CRV starts pulsation, the inflation is stopped and the IOP is measured, equaling the RVP at this moment. In the CLD, the pulsation of the CRV is observed with a contact lens. The RVP is calculated from the attachment force applied when pulsation appears. COURSE OF EXAMINATIONS Three single measurements of RVP in quick succession with both methods. The sequence of the two methods was randomized. The means of the three RVP measurements were compared. RESULTS Pressures in mmHg. RVP: IOPstim: 19.4 ± 5.4 (mean ± SD), CLD: 20.3 ± 5.9. Range of three single measurements: IOPstim: 2.9 ± 1.5, CLD: 2.2 ± 1.1. The differences were RVPIOPstim - RVPCLD = - 0.94 ± 1.15, and approximately normally distributed. Bland-Altman analysis: only one data point was 0.5 mmHg higher than the upper line of agreement. The confidence interval of this line was 0.65 mmHg. Concordance correlation coefficient according to Lin (CCC): 0.96. Intraclass correlation coefficient: both methods, 0.94. CONCLUSION In both methods, the range of the single measurements may be taken as a sign of good reliability, the CCC of 0.96 as a sign of a very good agreement. At the mean, the IOPstim RVP values were 1 mmHg lower than those obtained with the CLD. This difference may be due to the different directions of the prevailing force vectors induced by the instruments. The IOPstim seems applicable in glaucoma diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stodtmeister
- Department of Ophthalmology, Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Aline Menzel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Klimova
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin R Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Kapelushnik N, Avni-Zauberman N, Herber R, Berger Y, Ezra Nimni O, Abd-Elkader A, Raiskup F, Barequet IS. Corneal cross-linking for treatment of keratoconus relapse in post-keratoplasty eyes. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4027-4034. [PMID: 37436552 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Keratoconus relapse after penetrating keratoplasty is a rare condition that may result in severe visual deterioration and corneal graft thinning. Therefore, treatment to stabilize the cornea should be considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) in eyes with relapse of keratoconus after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review of eyes that developed keratoconus relapse following a penetrating keratoplasty and treated with CXL. The main outcome measures were change in maximal keratometry (Kmax), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT) and central corneal thickness (CCT), and complications. RESULTS We identified 10 consecutive eyes of 9 patients. Preoperative median BCVA before the CXL and 1 year after the CXL procedure remained stable (p = 0.68). The median (IQR) of Kmax improved from 63.2 (24.9) D before the CXL procedure to 62.2 (27.1) D at 1 year postoperatively (P = 0.028). Median TCT and CCT also remained with no significant change 1 year after CXL. No complications were noted following the procedure. CONCLUSION CXL in eyes with keratoconus relapse after keratoplasty is a safe and effective procedure enabling not only visual stabilization but also might bring keratometry improvement. Routine follow-up after keratoplasty should be performed for early detection of keratoconus relapse and CXL is timely advised when such a relapse is documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Kapelushnik
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Noa Avni-Zauberman
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yoav Berger
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Orit Ezra Nimni
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amir Abd-Elkader
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irina S Barequet
- Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
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Herber R, Francis M, Spoerl E, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F, Roy AS. Evaluation of Biomechanical Changes After Accelerated Cross-Linking in Progressive Keratoconus: A Prospective Follow-Up Study. Cornea 2023; 42:1365-1376. [PMID: 36727878 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyze the biomechanical effect of accelerated corneal cross-linking (9*10) in progressive keratoconus (KC) in comparison to untreated fellow eyes using Scheimpflug-based tonometry (Corvis ST, CVS). METHODS Forty-three eyes of 43 patients with KC showed progressive KC and were treated using accelerated corneal cross-linking. Twenty-five untreated fellow eyes were used as the control group. All eyes were examined biomechanically (CVS) and tomographically (Pentacam) at baseline, after 1-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed model. A logistic regression was performed to attribute the effects of changes in each parameter to treatment status (treated or untreated). RESULTS Maximum keratometry values decreased statistically significantly at 12 months by -1.1 D (95 confidence interval: -2.0 to -0.1, P = 0.025) compared with baseline. Thinnest corneal thickness decreased significantly after 1 month ( P < 0.001) and recovered to baseline after 12 months ( P = 0.752). In the corneal cross-linking (CXL) group, biomechanical changes were observed by an increased bIOP, a shorter A2 time, and a lower integrated radius after 1 month (all P < 0.05). No biomechanical and tomographical changes were observed in the control group (all P > 0.05). Logistic regression pointed out that treated eyes can be separated from untreated eyes by differences in bIOP, corneal thickness, A1 velocity, integrated radius, and Kc mean at 1, 6, and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS The alterations in biomechanical parameters indicated a corneal stiffening effect after CXL treatment, which was mostly detectable 1 month after treatment, although corneal thickness was reduced. The logistic regression model showed an adequate separation between CXL-treated and untreated eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Mathew Francis
- Imaging, Biomechanics and Mathematical Modeling Solutions Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
| | - Eberhard Spoerl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Abhijit Sinha Roy
- Imaging, Biomechanics and Mathematical Modeling Solutions Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India
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Jamke M, Herber R, Haase MA, Jasper CS, Pillunat LE, Pillunat KR. PRESERFLO ™ MicroShunt versus trabeculectomy: 1-year results on efficacy and safety. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 261:2901-2915. [PMID: 37133501 PMCID: PMC10155172 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the efficacy and safety of the PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt versus trabeculectomy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) after one year. PATIENTS AND METHODS Institutional prospective interventional cohort study comparing eyes with POAG, which had received the PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt versus trabeculectomy. The MicroShunt group was matched with the trabeculectomy group for age, known duration of disease, and number and classes of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering medications to have similar conjunctival conditions. The study is part of the Dresden Glaucoma and Treatment Study, using a uniform study design, with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, follow-ups and standardized definitions of success and failure for both procedures. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES mean diurnal IOP (mdIOP, mean of 6 measurements), peak IOP, and IOP fluctuations. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES success rates, number of IOP lowering medications, visual acuity, visual fields, complications, surgical interventions, and adverse events. RESULTS Sixty eyes of 60 patients, 30 in each group, were analyzed after 1-year follow-ups. Median [Q25, Q75] mdIOP (mmHg) dropped from 16.2 [13.8-21.5] to 10.5 [8.9-13.5] in the MicroShunt and from 17.6 [15.6-24.0] to 11.1 [9.5-12.3] in the trabeculectomy group, both without glaucoma medications. Reduction of mdIOP (P = .596), peak IOP (P = .702), and IOP fluctuations (P = .528) was not statistically significantly different between groups. The rate of interventions was statistically significantly higher in the trabeculectomy group, especially in the early postoperative period (P = .018). None of the patients experienced severe adverse events. CONCLUSION Both procedures are equally effective and safe in lowering mdIOP, peak IOP and IOP fluctuations in patients with POAG, one year after surgery. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02959242.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Jamke
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maike A Haase
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carolin S Jasper
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin R Pillunat
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Herber R, Vinciguerra R, Flockerzi E, Vinciguerra P, Seitz B. Why the Corvis Biomechanical Factor Should Only Be Used for Corneal Ectasia. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:24. [PMID: 37223919 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.5.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Elias Flockerzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Paolo Vinciguerra
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
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Herber R, Vinciguerra R, Tredici C, Legrottaglie EF, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F, Vinciguerra P. Repeatability of corneal deformation response parameters by dynamic ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug imaging before and after corneal crosslinking. J Cataract Refract Surg 2023; 49:518-524. [PMID: 36700933 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the repeatability of deformation corneal response (DCR) parameters before and after corneal crosslinking (CXL) compared with their untreated fellow eyes (uFEs). SETTING University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. DESIGN Multicenter, interventional reliability analysis. METHODS 53 eyes of 53 patients with keratoconus who received CXL treatment after the disease progression (CXL group) were included. Patients were measured 3 times using a dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer to determine repeatability before and 1 month after CXL treatment. The uFEs were measured in the same way (uFE group). Reliability of DCR parameters was assessed by a coefficient of repeatability, coefficient of variation, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The repeatability of DCR parameters did not change after CXL compared with the preoperative values for all investigated DCR parameters ( P > .05). In the uFE group, no statistically significant shift was observed regarding the repeatability ( P > .05). An ICC greater than 0.75 was achieved in both groups for almost all parameters. Concerning the biomechanical stiffening induced by CXL, integrated inverse radius and stress-strain index were found to be statistically significantly decreased and increased ( P < .001), respectively, both indicating stiffening. No changes were observed for the uFE group. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated highly repeatable measurements of the dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer before and after CXL. The improvement of certain DCR parameters after CXL confirmed the capability of the device to detect the stiffening effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herber
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Univ. Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany (Herber, Pillunat, Raiskup); Humanitas San Pio X Hospital, Milan, Italy (R. Vinciguerra); IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy (Tredici, Legrottaglie, P. Vinciguerra); Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy (P. Vinciguerra)
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Raiskup F, Herber R, Lenk J, Ramm L, Wittig D, Pillunat LE, Spoerl E. Corneal Crosslinking With Riboflavin and UVA Light in Progressive Keratoconus: Fifteen-Year Results. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 250:95-102. [PMID: 36736417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the 15-year results of corneal crosslinking (CXL) in progressive keratoconus. DESIGN Retrospective follow-up analysis of interventional study patients. METHODS This study included keratoconic eyes with progressive disease treated from 2001 to 2006 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, TU Dresden, Germany. CXL was performed by applying riboflavin and ultraviolet A (UVA) light according to a standard protocol. The best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), slitlamp examination, and corneal topography as well as corneal thickness values were recorded preoperatively and 15 years after the treatment. RESULTS A total of 42 eyes received a complete follow-up of 15 years. The mean age of the patients at baseline was 26.9 (95% CI: 25.0-28.8) years. The maximum keratometry was 61.6 (95% CI: 58.2 - 64.9) diopters (D) preoperatively and 55.1 (95% CI: 51.6-58.4) D postoperatively; the decrease was statistically significant (P < .001). The mean keratometry value changed from 50.3 (95% CI: 48.3-52.4) D to 47.5 (95% CI: 45.3-49.4) D (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the thinnest corneal thickness decreased statistically significantly by 40 (95% CI: 24-56) µm (P < .001). The BCVA improved statistically significantly from 0.4 to 0.2 logMAR after the treatment. Retreatment was needed in 14% of cases. Mild scarring of the superficial stromal corneal layers was observed in 36% of the eyes, and in 67% of them visual acuity was stable or even improved. CONCLUSIONS The CXL procedure proved to be an effective method in the treatment of keratoconic eyes in the progressive stage of the disease, and achieved long-term stabilization without the occurrence of serious complications or side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Raiskup
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany.
| | - Janine Lenk
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Ramm
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Dierk Wittig
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Eberhard Spoerl
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
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Melcher S, Zimmerer C, Galli R, Golde J, Herber R, Raiskup F, Koch E, Steiner G. Analysis of riboflavin/ultraviolet a corneal cross-linking by molecular spectroscopy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13206. [PMID: 36747519 PMCID: PMC9898066 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light is a therapeutic procedure to restore the mechanical stability of corneal tissue. The treatment method is applied to pathological tissue, such as keratoconus and induces the formation of new cross-links. At present, the molecular mechanisms of induced cross-linking are still not known exactly. In this study, we investigated molecular alterations within porcine cornea tissue after treatment with riboflavin and ultraviolet A light by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). For that purpose, after CXL treatment a thin silver layer was vapor-deposited onto cornea flaps. To explore molecular alterations induced by the photochemical process hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used. The detailed analysis of SERS spectra reveals that there is no general change in collagen secondary structure while modifications on amino acid side chains are the most dominant outcome. The formation of secondary and aromatic amine groups as well as methylene and carbonyl groups were observed. Even though successful cross-linking could not be registered in all treated samples, Raman signals of newly formed chemical groups are already present in riboflavin only treated corneas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Melcher
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Cordelia Zimmerer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roberta Galli
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jonas Golde
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Edmund Koch
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Steiner
- Clinical Sensoring and Monitoring, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Ramm L, Herber R, Lorenz G, Jasper CS, Pillunat LE, Pillunat KR. Evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties using the ocular response analyzer and the dynamic Scheimpflug-Analyzer Corvis ST in high pressure and normal pressure open-angle glaucoma patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281017. [PMID: 36701409 PMCID: PMC9879466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize differences in corneal biomechanics in high (HPG) and normal pressure (NPG) primary open-angle glaucoma, and its association to disease severity. METHODS Corneal biomechanical properties were measured using the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) and the dynamic Scheimpflug-Analyzer Corvis ST (CST). Disease severity was functionally assessed by automated perimetry (Humphrey field analyzer) and structurally with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. To avoid a possible falsification by intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and age, which strongly influence ORA and CST measurements, group matching was performed. Linear mixed models and generalized estimating equations were used to consider inter-eye correlation. RESULTS Following group matching, 60 eyes of 38 HPG and 103 eyes of 60 NPG patients were included. ORA measurement revealed a higher CRF in HPG than in NPG (P < 0.001). Additionally, the CST parameter integrated radius (P < 0.001) was significantly different between HPG and NPG. The parameter SSI (P < 0.001) representing corneal stiffness was higher in HPG than in NPG. Furthermore, regression analysis revealed associations between biomechanical parameters and indicators of disease severity. In HPG, SSI correlated to RNFL thickness. In NPG, dependencies between biomechanical readings and rim area, MD, and PSD were shown. CONCLUSION Significant differences in corneal biomechanical properties were detectable between HPG and NPG patients which might indicate different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying in both entities. Moreover, biomechanical parameters correlated to functional and structural indices of diseases severity. A reduced corneal deformation measured by dynamic methods was associated to advanced glaucomatous damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ramm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Ophthalmology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Georg Lorenz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carolin S. Jasper
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E. Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin R. Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Herber R, Lenk J, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F. Comparison of corneal tomography using a novel swept-source optical coherence tomographer and rotating Scheimpflug system in normal and keratoconus eyes: repeatability and agreement analysis. Eye and Vis 2022; 9:19. [PMID: 35606839 PMCID: PMC9128256 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-022-00290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
To determine the repeatability and agreement using corneal tomography of a swept-source optical coherence tomographer (SS-OCT) compared to a rotating Scheimpflug camera (RSC) in normal eyes and keratoconus (KC) eyes.
Methods
This prospective repeatability analysis was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology of University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany. Forty-three normal and 57 KC eyes were enrolled in the study. Three consecutive measurements were performed by the same operator on each device. Corneal parameters of anterior and posterior corneal surface, such as simulated keratometry (SimK), as well as central and thinnest corneal thickness were evaluated. Repeatability and agreement were assessed by using the coefficient of repeatability and Bland-Altman analysis.
Results
The repeatability of anterior corneal parameters was comparable between RSC and SS-OCT in normal eyes (repeatability < 0.5 D). Repeatability was increased in mild and moderate KC for all parameters using both devices. In moderate KC, repeatability of Kmax was 1.33 D and 0.78 D for RSC and SS-OCT, respectively. Repeatability of posterior corneal parameters was consistently better for SS-OCT. Significant offsets and wide ranges of limits of agreement were found between the devices for SimK and corneal thickness values.
Conclusions
SS-OCT showed highly repeatable measurements of anterior and posterior corneal parameters in normal and KC eyes. Compared to RSC, the SS-OCT had a better repeatability of anterior corneal parameters in mild and moderate KC as well as posterior corneal parameters in all groups. Both devices should not be used interchangeably in the diagnostic process of patients.
Trial registration NCT04251143 at Clinicaltrials.gov, registered on 12 March 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04251143?cond=Keratoconus&cntry=DE&city=Dresden&draw=2&rank=1
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Herber R, Hasanli A, Lenk J, Vinciguerra R, Terai N, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F. Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanical Indices in Distinguishing Between Normal, Very Asymmetric, and Bilateral Keratoconic Eyes. J Refract Surg 2022; 38:364-372. [PMID: 35686712 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20220601-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the ability of biomechanical indices provided by the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert Ophthalmic Instruments) and dynamic Scheimpflug analyzer (Corvis ST; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH) to distinguish between normal eyes and eyes with very asymmetric ectasia (VAE) and mild and moderate keratoconus. METHODS This prospective, observational, and monocentric study included normal eyes (defined as keratoconus percentage index < 60, Belin/Ambrósio total deviation value [BAD-D] < 1.6, inferior-superior keratometry [I-S value] < 1.45 and maximum keratometry [Kmax] < 47) and eyes with clinical bilateral keratoconus (mild and moderate) and VAE (defined as unilateral keratoconus, where one eye showed a clinical keratoconus and the fellow eye was topographically normal [VAE-NT] or topographically and tomographically normal [VAE-NTT]). All eyes were measured by the Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH), ORA, and Corvis ST. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to test the diagnostic ability. RESULTS Fifty-eight normal eyes and 238 ectatic eyes were included. The highest area under the curve (AUC) was provided by the Corvis Biomechanical Index (CBI) with an AUC of 0.979, followed by ORA corneal resistance factor (0.865), and corneal hysteresis (0.824) separating normal eyes from all ectatic subgroups. The AUC of the CBI was statistically significantly higher than all other parameters (DeLong test, P < .001). A sensitivity of 100% and 70.9%, respectively, and a specificity of 93.1% was found to distinguish normal eyes from VAE-NT and VAE-NTT using a cut-off value of 0.2. CONCLUSIONS The assessment of biomechanical properties is an additional important method to evaluate corneal ectasia independent of its stage. The CBI provides further information for ectasia screening in cases where corneal topography and tomography are clinically not suspicious by using a cutoff of 0.2. [J Refract Surg. 2022;38(6):364-372.].
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Pillunat KR, Herber R, Haase MA, Jamke M, Jasper CS, Pillunat LE. PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt versus trabeculectomy: first results on efficacy and safety. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e779-e790. [PMID: 34331505 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report efficacy and safety outcomes of the PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt compared with trabeculectomy, the current gold-standard treatment for advanced glaucoma, in the early and intermediate postoperative period. METHODS Institutional prospective interventional cohort study of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients scheduled for the PRESERFLO™ MicroShunt. The comparison group were POAG patients who had had received trabeculectomy and were matched for age, known duration of disease, number and classes of intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering medications to ensure a similar conjunctival condition. The study is part of the Dresden Glaucoma and Treatment Study (DGTS), was not randomized, but used a uniform study design, with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as standardized definitions of success and failure. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES mean diurnal IOP (mdIOP, mean of 6 measurements), diurnal peak IOP, diurnal IOP fluctuations, glaucoma medical therapy, success rates, visual acuity, visual fields, surgical complications and interventions, and severe adverse events. RESULTS Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients, 26 in each group, were analysed. At 6 months, median [Q25, Q75] mdIOP was 10.8 [9.5-12.2] mmHg in the microshunt and 10.3 [7.6-11.8] mmHg in the trabeculectomy group. Reduction in mdIOP (p = 0.458), peak diurnal IOP (p = 0.539), and median diurnal fluctuation (p = 0.693) was not statistically significantly different between groups. The rate of interventions was statistically significantly higher in the trabeculectomy compared with the microshunt group (p = 0.004). None of the patients experienced severe adverse events. CONCLUSION Both procedures are equally effective and safe in lowering mdIOP in patients with POAG. Because the microshunt is less invasive with less follow-up and interventions needed postoperatively, it might be recommended earlier in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin R. Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Maike A. Haase
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Melanie Jamke
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Carolin S. Jasper
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Lutz E. Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
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Waibel S, Herber R, Ramm L, Jasper CS, Pillunat LE, Pillunat KR. 2-Jahres-Ergebnisse nach transskleraler MicroPulse-Lasertherapie bei Patienten mit primärem Offenwinkelglaukom. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:786-792. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1782-7941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Untersuchung der langfristigen Effizienz und Sicherheit der transskleralen Lasertherapie (TLT) mittels MicroPulse über 24 Monate bei Patienten mit primärem
Offenwinkelglaukom (POWG).
Material und Methoden In dieser prospektiven interventionellen Fallserie wurden die Daten von 44 Augen von medikamentös behandelten POWG-Patienten ausgewertet, die eine
MicroPulse-TLT erhielten, um eine weitere Senkung des Augeninnendrucks (IOD) zu erreichen. Es wurden die Reduktion des 24-h-IODs, der zirkadianen IOD-Fluktuationen und der IOD-Spitzen nach
3, 12 und 24 Monaten untersucht. Zudem sollten postoperative Komplikationen, die Misserfolgsquote und Einflussfaktoren auf den Therapieerfolg analysiert werden.
Ergebnisse Der IOD ist von 16,1 ± 3,4 mmHg präoperativ auf 13,0 ± 2,9 mmHg (n = 31; p < 0,001) nach 3 Monaten, 12,3 ± 3,0 mmHg (n = 27; p < 0,001) nach 12 Monaten und
13,1 ± 2,6 mmHg (n = 23; p < 0,001) nach 24 Monaten gesunken. Nach 24 Monaten erreichten 23 Augen (52%) ihren individuellen Zieldruck. Es traten keine schwerwiegenden postoperativen
Komplikationen auf. Es konnten keine Einflussfaktoren auf den Therapieerfolg identifiziert werden. Das häufigste Therapieversagen war innerhalb der ersten 3 postoperativen Monate zu
beobachten und blieb danach nahezu stabil.
Schlussfolgerung Die MicroPulse-TLT zeigt eine gute IOD-Senkung bei Patienten mit primärem Offenwinkelglaukom und maximal tolerierter drucksenkender Lokaltherapie, wobei etwa 50% der
Augen ihren individuellen Zieldruck erreichten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Waibel
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Robert Herber
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Lisa Ramm
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Carolin S. Jasper
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Lutz E. Pillunat
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Karin R. Pillunat
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
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Herber R, Graehlert X, Raiskup F, Veselá M, Pillunat LE, Spoerl E. Statistical Evaluation of Correlated Measurement Data in Longitudinal Setting Based on Bilateral Corneal Cross-Linking. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:995-1002. [PMID: 35354347 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2052105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In ophthalmology, data from both eyes of a person are frequently included in the statistical evaluation. This violates the requirement of data independence for classical statistical tests (e.g. t-Test or analysis of variance (ANOVA)) because it is correlated data. Linear mixed models (LMM) were used as a possibility to include the data of both eyes in the statistical evaluation. METHODS The LMM is available for a variety of statistical software such as SPSS or R. The application was applied to a retrospective longitudinal analysis of an accelerated corneal cross-linking (ACXL (9*10)) treatment in progressive keratoconus (KC) with a follow-up period of 36 months. Forty eyes of 20 patients were included, whereas sequential bilateral CXL treatment was performed within 12 months. LMM and ANOVA for repeated measurements were used for statistical evaluation of topographical and tomographical data measured by Pentacam (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). RESULTS Both eyes were classified into a worse and better eye concerning corneal topography. Visual acuity, keratometric values and minimal corneal thickness were statistically significant between them at baseline (p < 0.05). A significant correlation between worse and better eye was shown (p < 0.05). Therefore, analyzing the data at each follow-up visit using ANOVA partially led to an overestimation of the statistical effect that could be avoided by using LMM. After 36 months, ACXL has significantly improved BCVA and flattened the cornea. CONCLUSION The evaluation of data of both eyes without considering their correlation using classical statistical tests leads to an overestimation of the statistical effect, which can be avoided by using the LMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Xina Graehlert
- Coordination Center for Clinical Studies - KKS Dresden, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Veselá
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Eberhard Spoerl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
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Pillunat KR, Herber R, Pillunat LE. Corneal Biomechanics in Glaucoma. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 239:158-164. [PMID: 35211937 DOI: 10.1055/a-1667-6648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Now that is possible to measure the biomechanical parameters of the cornea in vivo, scientific and clinical interest has increased in changes in these parameters in glaucoma. These parameters may act as biomarkers for early diagnosis, but also serve to emphasize the increased vulnerability to intraocular pressure, reduced blood flow or changing ocular perfusion pressure. Measuring and interpreting these parameters may help in achieving better and individually tailored glaucoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin R Pillunat
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Robert Herber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Deutschland
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Vinciguerra R, Herber R, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zhou X, Bai J, Yu K, Chen S, Fang X, Raiskup F, Vinciguerra P. Corneal Biomechanics Differences Between Chinese and Caucasian Healthy Subjects. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:834663. [PMID: 35280913 PMCID: PMC8914014 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.834663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between Caucasian and Chinese healthy subjects with regards to Corvis ST dynamic corneal response parameters (DCRs). Methods Two thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine healthy Caucasian and Chinese subjects were included in this multicenter retrospective study. Subsequently, Chinese eyes were matched to Caucasians by age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and Corneal Thickness (CCT) using a case-control matching algorithm. The DCRs assessed were Deformation Amplitude (DA) Applanation 1 velocity (A1v), integrated radius (1/R), deformation amplitude ratio (DAratio), stiffness parameter at applanation 1 (SPA1), ARTh (Ambrósio's Relational Thickness to the horizontal profile), and the novel Stress Strain Index (SSI). Results After age-, CCT-, and IOP- matching, 503 Chinese were assigned to 452 Caucasians participants. Statistical analysis showed a statistical significant difference between Chinese and Caucasian Healthy subjects in the values of SPA1 (p = 0.008), Arth (p = 0.008), and SSI (p < 0.001). Conversely, DA, A1v, DAratio, and 1/R were not significantly different between the two ethnical groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion We found significant differences in the values of the DCRs provided by the Corvis ST between Chinese and Caucasian healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yan Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengju Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Lab, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- EYE & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Bai
- BAI JI Ophthalmology, Chongqing, China
| | - Keming Yu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihao Chen
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Frederik Raiskup
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paolo Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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Pillunat KR, Herber R, Wolfram S, Jasper CS, Waibel S, Pillunat LE. Efficacy of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty on Circadian Intraocular Pressure Following Trabeculectomy in Advanced Primary Open-angle Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 2022; 31:96-101. [PMID: 34919063 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000001971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PRCIS In about 50% of post-trabeculectomy (TE) eyes, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is effective in further lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of SLT in post-TE eyes, uncontrolled on maximum tolerated medication, and/or with progression of visual field loss. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study consecutively included post-TE eyes of patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma who had been treated with 360 degrees SLT and had a follow-up after 12 months. Primary endpoints were the reduction of mean diurnal intraocular pressure (mdIOP, mean of 6 measurements), peak IOP, and diurnal IOP fluctuations. Secondary outcomes were factors influencing IOP reduction, SLT success, and failure rates. RESULTS Forty-three eyes of 43 patients were included. During the first year, 10 eyes (23%) needed additional procedures to reduce mdIOP and were accounted as failures and excluded from final analysis. Of the remaining 33 eyes (77%) mdIOP [Q25, Q75] dropped from 15.2 [12.2 to 16.5] to 13.2 [11.6 to 15.3] mm Hg (P=0.027), 23 eyes (54%) showed a sufficient mdIOP reduction, 1 year after SLT. CONCLUSION SLT is effective and safe in lowering mdIOP to target IOP in about 50% of eyes after prior incisional glaucoma surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin R Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
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Lenk J, Herber R, Oswald C, Spoerl E, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F. Risk Factors for Progression of Keratoconus and Failure Rate After Corneal Cross-linking. J Refract Surg 2021; 37:816-823. [PMID: 34914558 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20210830-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the occurrence of risk factors for progression of keratoconus and failure rate after corneal cross-linking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus. METHODS This retrospective study observed 230 eyes of 173 patients with a minimum follow-up of 36 months after CXL. A total of 185 eyes underwent CXL once (80%) (control) and 45 (20%) underwent this treatment more than once (Re-CXL-group). Subgroup analysis included standard CXL with the Dresden protocol (S-CXL group, n = 120) and accelerated CXL with a reduced radiation time of 10 minutes and a higher radiation power of 9 mW/cm2 (A-CXL group, n = 110). Risk factors of interest were age, maximum keratometry (Kmax), minimum corneal thickness (MCT), sex, and atopy (including allergic bronchial asthma, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and neurodermatitis). RESULTS Follow-up for the control group was 76.0 ± 33.2 months. Re-CXL was performed after 46.2 ± 34.1 months overall and after 62.6 ± 41.9 months in the S-CXL subgroup and 29.2 ± 19.2 months in the A-CXL subgroup (P = .02). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a cumulative prediction rate of success after CXL of 92.5% (S-CXL) and 86.4% (A-CXL) after 36 months (P = .103). A high preoperative Kmax value (odds ratio = 1.056, P = .003 and odds ratio = 1.067, P = .028) in both subgroups and the presence of neurodermatitis combined with other atopic diseases in the A-CXL group (odds ratio = 11.662, P = .003) were significant risk factors for new progression of keratoconus after CXL. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for progression of keratoconus after CXL are both high preoperative Kmax values and the presence of neurodermatitis combined with other atopic diseases. Patients with severe atopy should receive the S-CXL procedure. [J Refract Surg. 2021;37(12):816-823.].
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Lenk J, Herber R, Raiskup F, Pillunat LE, Spörl E. [Principles of corneal cross-linking : Presentation based on the development of the various treatment protocols]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 119:332-341. [PMID: 34882268 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is used to treat corneal ectatic diseases. The aim is to improve the reduced consolidation of the cornea in order to halt further corneal protrusion and therefore subsequent deterioration of the optical imaging proportions. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this article the principles of corneal cross-linking based on riboflavin and UV light are presented including recent research results. Furthermore, the most important treatment protocols including standard CXL (S-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), transepithelial CXL (TE-CXL) and the approach of the CXL procedure for thin corneas are explained. RESULTS The CXL method depends on four major components, the riboflavin solution, oxygen, UV light and the availability of cross-linking sites on the collagen tissue. According to the present state of knowledge, the photochemical process of the CXL method induces covalent bonds between the fibrils and proteoglycans and thus stabilizes the collagen fibers, resulting in corneal consolidation. In addition to the S‑CXL, which has proven its effectiveness and safety in a large number of studies, there are other treatment protocols that have been developed based on the Bunsen-Roscoe law of reciprocity. The A‑CXL protocol has the advantage of having a shorter irradiation time but it seems to be less effective than the S‑CXL protocol concerning the increase in corneal stiffness. The use of TE-CXL has so far not yet gained acceptance in the clinical practice. CONCLUSION The CXL procedures primarily aim to stabilize the cornea. In the future, in addition to stabilization of the cornea, simultaneous improvement of visual acuity will be the main focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Lenk
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - Robert Herber
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - Eberhard Spörl
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland
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Stodtmeister R, Wetzk E, Herber R, Pillunat KR, Pillunat LE. Measurement of the retinal venous pressure with a new instrument in healthy subjects. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:1237-1244. [PMID: 34499248 PMCID: PMC8913447 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The retinal venous pressure (RVP) is a determining factor for the blood supply of the retina as well as the optic nerve head and until recently has been measured by contact lens dynamometry (CLD). A new method has been developed, potentially offering better acceptance. The applicability and the results of both methods were compared. Methods The type of this study is cross sectional. The subjects were 36 healthy volunteers, age 26 ± 5 years (mean ± s). Tonometry: rebound tonometer (RT) (iCare). The measurements were performed during an increase in airway pressure of 20 mmHg (Valsalva manoeuvre). Principle of RVP measurement: the central retinal vein (CRV) is observed during an increase of intraocular pressure (IOP) and at the start of pulsation, which corresponds with the RVP. Two different instruments for the IOP enhancement where used: contact lens dynamometry and the new instrument, IOPstim. Principle: a deflated balloon of 8 mm diameter—placed on the sclera laterally of the cornea—is filled with air. As soon as a venous pulsation occurs, filling is stopped and the IOP is measured, equalling the RVP. Examination procedure: randomization of the sequence: CLD or IOPstim, IOP, mydriasis, IOP three single measurements (SM) of the IOP with RT or of the pressure increase with CLD at an airway pressure of 20 mmHg, 5 min break, IOP, and three SM using the second method at equal pressure (20 mmHg). Results Spontaneous pulsation of the CRV was present in all 36 subjects. Pressures are given in mmHg. IOP in mydriasis 15.6 ± 3.3 (m ± s). Median RVP (MRVP)) of the three SM: CLD/IOPstim, 37.7 ± 5.2/24.7 ± 4.8 (t test: p < 0.001). Range of SM: 3.2 ± 1.8/2.9 ± 1.3 (t test: p = 0.36). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of SM: 0.88/0.83. ANOVA in SM: p = 0.48/0.08. MRVP CLD minus MRVP IOPstim: 13.0 ± 5.6. Ratio MRVP CLD/MRVP IOPstim: 1.56 ± 3.1. Cooperation and agreeability were slightly better with the IOPstim. Conclusion This first study with the IOPstim in humans was deliberately performed in healthy volunteers using Valsalva conditions. As demonstrated by ICC and ANOVA, reproducible SM can be obtained by both methods and the range of the SM does not differ greatly. The higher MRVP in CLD could be explained by the different directions of the force vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Stodtmeister
- Univ. Klinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Emilie Wetzk
- Univ. Klinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Univ. Klinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin R Pillunat
- Univ. Klinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Univ. Klinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Herber R, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F. Development of a classification system based on corneal biomechanical properties using artificial intelligence predicting keratoconus severity. Eye Vis (Lond) 2021; 8:21. [PMID: 34059127 PMCID: PMC8167942 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-021-00244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background To investigate machine-learning (ML) algorithms to differentiate corneal biomechanical properties between different topographical stages of keratoconus (KC) by dynamic Scheimpflug tonometry (CST, Corvis ST, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany). In the following, ML models were used to predict the severity in a training and validation dataset. Methods Three hundred and eighteen keratoconic and one hundred sixteen healthy eyes were included in this monocentric and cross-sectional pilot study. Dynamic corneal response (DCR) and corneal thickness related (pachymetric) parameters from CST were chosen by appropriated selection techniques to develop a ML algorithm. The stage of KC was determined by the topographical keratoconus classification system (TKC, Pentacam, Oculus). Patients who were classified as TKC 1, TKC 2 and TKC 3 were assigned to subgroup mild, moderate, and advanced KC. If patients were classified as TKC 1–2, TKC 2–3 or TKC 3–4, they were assigned to subgroups according to the normative range of further corneal indices (index of surface variance, keratoconus index and minimum radius). Patients classified as TKC 4 were not included in this study due to the limited amount of cases. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and random forest (RF) algorithms were used to develop the classification models. Data were divided into training (70% of cases) and validation (30% of cases) datasets. Results LDA model predicted healthy, mild, moderate, and advanced KC eyes with a sensitivity (Sn)/specificity (Sp) of 82%/97%, 73%/81%, 62%/83% and 68%/95% from a validation dataset, respectively. For the RF model, a Sn/Sp of 91%/94%, 80%/90%, 63%/87%, 72%/95% could be reached for predicting healthy, mild, moderate, and advanced KC eyes, respectively. The overall accuracy of LDA and RF was 71% and 78%, respectively. The accuracy for KC detection including all subgroups of KC severity was 93% in both models. Conclusion The RF model showed good accuracy in predicting healthy eyes and various stages of KC. The accuracy was superior with respect to the LDA model. The clinical importance of the models is that the standalone dynamic Scheimpflug tonometry is able to predict the severity of KC without having the keratometric data. Trial registration NCT04251143 at Clinicaltrials.gov, registered at 12 March 2018 (Retrospectively registered). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40662-021-00244-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, TU 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, TU 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, TU 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Waibel S, Thomaschewski G, Herber R, Pillunat LE, Pillunat KR. Comparison of Different Nutritional and Lifestyle Factors between Glaucoma Patients and an Age-Matched Normal Population. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2021; 238:1328-1334. [PMID: 33853194 DOI: 10.1055/a-1396-4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare nutritional and lifestyle factors between glaucoma patients and an age-matched control group. METHODS One hundred and ninety (190) glaucoma patients were enrolled in this study. The control group comprised 97 age-matched participants. Data on physical activity, nicotine smoking, and several nutritional habits like coffee and alcohol consumption as well as high-salt and high-protein intake were collected using a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS Age and gender were not statistically significantly different between the groups. There was a tendency for higher physical activity in the glaucoma group in comparison to the control group (47.3 vs. 35.4%; p = 0.056). Statistically significantly more glaucoma patients were nonsmokers (n = 169; 89.4%) compared to the control group (n = 64; 66.7%; p = 0.001). Glaucoma patients were also more often teetotal compared to the control group (21.6% compared to 14.4%; p < 0.001). Similarly, more glaucoma patients drank larger amounts of coffee in comparison to the control group (p = 0.001). One hundred and seventy-six (96.7%) glaucoma patients and 88 (90.7%) control subjects had high-protein intake (p = 0.035). High-salt intake was significantly lower in the glaucoma group (69.3 vs. 73.2%; p = 0.018). Of the 190 glaucoma patients, 81 had early visual field impairments (MD > - 6 dB) and 109 patients had moderate (MD between - 6 dB and - 12 dB) to severe (MD < - 12 dB) visual field defects. The severity of visual field defects, whether early, moderate, or severe, had no statistically significant impact on lifestyle parameters. CONCLUSION Contrary to our original hypothesis that glaucoma patients would tend to follow an unhealthier lifestyle than the control group, the opposite was seen. Presumably, the cause of this healthier lifestyle is the desire to contribute positively through the course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Waibel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gregor Thomaschewski
- Augenklinik, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karin R Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Herber R, Vinciguerra R, Lopes B, Raiskup F, Pillunat LE, Vinciguerra P, Ambrósio R. Repeatability and reproducibility of corneal deformation response parameters of dynamic ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug imaging in keratoconus. J Cataract Refract Surg 2020; 46:86-94. [PMID: 32050237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the repeatability and reproducibility of dynamic corneal response (DCR) parameters obtained by ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug imaging (Corvis ST); in keratoconic patients. SETTING Clinics in Germany, Italy, and Brazil. DESIGN Prospective, observational study. METHODS Patients were examined 3 times using 2 different dynamic Scheimpflug analyzers (Corvis ST) to obtain repeatability and reproducibility. The reliability of intraocular pressure (IOP), biomechanically corrected IOP (bIOP), pachymetry, and DCR parameters were assessed by the coefficient of repeatability, coefficient of variation (CoV), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and within-subject standard deviation (sw). RESULTS Ninety-eight eyes from 98 KC patients were included. The sw of the IOP and bIOP did not exceed 1.1 mm Hg. A CoV less than 10% was found in all DCR parameters and had a good to excellent accordance regarding the ICC. The Corvis Biomechanical Index showed an excellent repeatability and interdevice reproducibility of 0.918 and 0.827, respectively. Also, the tomographic biomechanical index showed an excellent repeatability of 3 Corvis ST and Pentacam measurements (ICC = 0.997). With regard to keratoconic severity, a significant increase in the CoV was found between mild and moderate stages compared with the advanced stage. Nevertheless, it did not exceed 10% of the CoV in severe keratoconic eyes. CONCLUSION Corvis ST measurements in keratoconic eyes were highly repeatable and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herber
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Herber, Raiskup, Pillunat), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany; Humanitas San Pio X Hospital (R. Vinciguerra), Milan, Italy; School of Engineering (R. Vinciguerra, Lopes), University of Liverpool, United Kingdom; Rio de Janeiro Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics Study Group (Lopes, Ambrósio) and the Departments of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (Lopes, Ambrósio), and Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Ambrósio), Brazil; Humanitas Clinical and Research (P. Vinciguerra), Rozzano, and Humanitas University (P. Vinciguerra), Department of Biomedical Sciences, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE To study the possible changes in Scheimpflug corneal densitometry 6 months after mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy and to compare these measurements with healthy controls. METHODS Corneal densitometry was monitored with the Pentacam HR3 before and 6 months after first-time uncomplicated mitomycin C-augmented trabeculectomy in 42 eyes of 42 white patients with open-angle glaucoma and in 22 healthy age-matched controls. Preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness, known duration of the disease, gender, the type and number of substances, applications and amount of benzalkonium chloride per day, and postoperative topical cortisone use were tested for possible correlations in the trabeculectomy group. RESULTS There was a statistically significant reduction of mean diurnal IOP from 19.0 ± 7.7 to 11.1 ± 7.7 mm Hg (P = 0.003) and the amount of pressure-lowering substances from 3.7 ± 1.0 to 0.1 ± 0.5 (P < 0.001). Densitometry measurements decreased in the entire cornea from 25.5 ± 5.7 to 23.1 ± 5.8 grayscale units (P = 0.001) with emphasis in the anterior layer. They returned close to normal 6 months after trabeculectomy and were not statistically significantly different compared with a healthy control group (22.8 ± 3.4 grayscale unit; P = 0.824). No correlations could be found with these observations and possible causing factors studied. CONCLUSIONS Corneal densitometry, an objective and sensitive measure of corneal transparency, returned close to normal 6 months after trabeculectomy. Although the observations cannot be associated with any causing factor in this study, the significant IOP reduction and the nearly complete cessation of topical antiglaucomatous substances including benzalkonium chloride seem to be the most plausible reasons for this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin R Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
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Herber R, Francis M, Spoerl E, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F, Sinha Roy A. Comparison of waveform-derived corneal stiffness and stress-strain extensometry-derived corneal stiffness using different cross-linking irradiances: an experimental study with air-puff applanation of ex vivo porcine eyes. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2020; 258:2173-2184. [PMID: 32556637 PMCID: PMC7550374 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-020-04792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess corneal stiffening of standard (S-CXL) and accelerated (A-CXL) cross-linking protocols by dynamic corneal response parameters and corneal bending stiffness (Kc[mean/linear]) derived from Corvis (CVS) Scheimpflug-based tonometry. These investigations were validated by corneal tensile stiffness (K[ts]), derived from stress-strain extensometry in ex vivo porcine eyes. Methods Seventy-two fresh-enucleated and de-epithelized porcine eyes were soaked in 0.1% riboflavin solution including 10% dextran for 10 min. The eyes were separated into four groups: controls (n = 18), S-CXL (intensity in mW/cm2*time in min; 3*30) (n = 18), A-CXL (9*10) (n = 18), and A-CXL (18*5) (n = 18), respectively. CXL was performed using CCL Vario. CVS measurements were performed on all eyes. Subsequently, corneal strips were extracted by a double-bladed scalpel and used for stress-strain measurements. K[ts] was calculated from a force-displacement curve. Mean corneal stiffness (Kc[mean]) and constant corneal stiffness (Kc[linear]) were calculated from raw CVS data. Results In CVS, biomechanical effects of cross-linking were shown to have a significantly decreased deflection amplitude as well as integrated radius, an increased IOP, and SP A1 (P < 0.05). Kc[mean]/Kc[linear] were significantly increased after CXL (P < 0.05). In the range from 2 to 6% strain, K[ts] was significantly higher in S-CXL (3*30) compared to A-CXL (9*10), A-CXL (18*5), and controls (P < 0.05). At 8% to 10% strain, all protocols induced a higher stiffness than controls (P < 0.05). Conclusion Several CVS parameters and Kc[mean] as well as Kc[linear] verify corneal stiffening effect after CXL on porcine eyes. S-CXL seems to have a higher tendency of stiffening than A-CXL protocols have, which was demonstrated by Scheimpflug-based tonometry and stress-strain extensometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Eberhard Spoerl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the impact of diabetes mellitus-induced changes on intraocular pressure measurements using Goldmann applanation tonometry, Ocular Response Analyzer, and Corvis ST. METHODS Measurements were done using Goldmann applanation tonometry, Ocular Response Analyzer, and Corvis ST in 69 diabetic patients. Biomechanical-corrected intraocular pressure values by Ocular Response Analyzer (IOPcc) and Corvis ST (bIOP) were used. In addition, biometry and tomography were performed and information on diabetes mellitus specific factors was collected. Results were compared to an age-matched group of 68 healthy subjects. RESULTS In diabetes mellitus, Goldmann applanation tonometry intraocular pressure (P = 0.193) and central corneal thickness (P = 0.184) were slightly increased. Also, IOPcc (P = 0.075) and bIOP (P = 0.542) showed no significant group difference. In both groups, IOPcc was higher than Goldmann applanation tonometry intraocular pressure (P = 0.002, P < 0.001), while bIOP was nearly equal to Goldmann applanation tonometry intraocular pressure (P = 0.795, P = 0.323). Central corneal thickness showed a tendency to higher values in poorly controlled than in controlled diabetes mellitus (P = 0.059). Goldmann applanation tonometry intraocular pressure correlated to central corneal thickness, while IOPcc and bIOP were independent from central corneal thickness in both groups. All intraocular pressure values showed significant associations to corneal biomechanical parameters. Only in diabetes mellitus, bIOP was correlated to Pachy slope (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION In diabetes mellitus, Goldmann applanation tonometry intraocular pressure was slightly, but not significantly, increased, which might be caused by a higher central corneal thickness and changes in corneal biomechanical properties. However, intraocular pressure values measured by Ocular Response Analyzer and Corvis ST were not significantly different between diabetes mellitus patients and healthy subjects. The bIOP showed a higher agreement with Goldmann applanation tonometry than IOPcc and was independent from central corneal thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ramm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Eberhard Spoerl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Naim Terai
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
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Pillunat KR, Herber R, Spoerl E, Erb C, Pillunat LE. A new biomechanical glaucoma factor to discriminate normal eyes from normal pressure glaucoma eyes. Acta Ophthalmol 2019; 97:e962-e967. [PMID: 31016882 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test the ability of the newly calculated Dresden biomechanical glaucoma factor (DBGF) based on dynamic corneal response (DCR) deformation and corneal thickness parameters, to discriminate between healthy and normal pressure glaucoma (NPG) eyes. METHODS Seventy healthy and 70 NPG patients of Caucasian origin were recruited for this multicentre cross-sectional pilot study, which included both eyes for analysis. Logistic regression analysis with generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to account for correlations between eyes and a threefold cross-validation were performed to determine the optimal combination of Corvis ST parameters in order to separate normal from NPG eyes. RESULTS The DBGF was calculated using 5 Corvis ST parameters, which showed the best discrimination power: deformation amplitude ratio progression, highest concavity time, pachymetry slope, the biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure and pachymetry. In a threefold cross-validation, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.814 with a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 77% using a logit cut-off value of a DBGF = 0.5. CONCLUSION The DBGF shows to be sensitive and specific to discriminate healthy from NPG eyes. Since diagnosis of NPG is often challenging, the DBGF may help with the differential diagnosis of NPG in daily clinical practice. Therefore, it might be considered as a new possible screening method for NPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin R. Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Eberhard Spoerl
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
| | - Carl Erb
- Augenklinik Wittenbergplatz Berlin Germany
| | - Lutz E. Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden Germany
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Kitsche M, Herber R, Pillunat LE, Terai N. Clinical and visual outcome of endophthalmitis patients: a single-center experience. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 258:183-189. [PMID: 31637487 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the clinical and visual outcome and the therapeutical management in a large cohort of endophthalmitis patients. METHODS In a monocentric, observational study, we retrospectively analyzed the data of all patients with endophthalmitis who were referred to the department of ophthalmology of the Carl Gustav Carus Hospital Dresden between 2006 and 2018. RESULTS In total, data of 104 patients (49 female, 55 male) were included in the present analysis. The most frequent clinical scenario for endophthalmitis was postcataract surgery (30.8%). The most frequent treatment at presentation was a pars plana vitrectomy (ppV) in 42 patients, followed by an intravitreal antibiotic in 41 patients. Out of 41 patients who received an intravitreal antibiotic, 35 patients (85%) needed additional treatment. In contrast, out of 42 patients who received a ppV as the initial treatment, 19 patients (42%) needed additional therapy, which was significantly different (p < 0.0001). The best presenting visual acuity improved significantly after treatment (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that, compared with an intravitreal antibiotic, a ppV as the initial therapy of endophthalmitis might reduce the number of additional treatments. From our data, it can be hypothesized that a ppV should be performed as early as possible to achieve the best visual outcome in most endophthalmitis patients. Prospective studies are now needed to address this issue in greater detail and to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kitsche
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Naim Terai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Lenk J, Porrmann J, Smitka M, Eger I, Schröck E, Hackmann K, Herber R, Raiskup F, Tzschach A. Posterior amorphous corneal dystrophy in a patient with 12q21.33 deletion. Ophthalmic Genet 2018; 39:645-647. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2018.1502792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Lenk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joseph Porrmann
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Smitka
- Children’s hospital, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Eger
- Children’s hospital, Städtisches Klinikum Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Tzschach
- Institut für Klinische Genetik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Herber R, Kunert KS, Veliká V, Spoerl E, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F. Influence of the beam profile crosslinking setting on changes in corneal topography and tomography in progressive keratoconus: Preliminary results. J Cataract Refract Surg 2018; 44:718-724. [PMID: 29778454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrs.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of accelerated corneal crosslinking (CXL) with a "higher peripheral intensity" profile setting compared with a standard "top hat" profile setting performed using different CXL systems. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany. DESIGN Retrospective case series. METHODS Eyes from patients with progressive keratoconus were included. Group 1 included eyes treated with the higher peripheral intensity profile. Group 2 included eyes treated with the top hat profile. Accelerated CXL was performed based on the modified Dresden protocol (9 mW/cm2, 10 minutes). Corneal-topography and tomography are characterized using the Pentacam Scheimpflug system. RESULTS The study comprised 45 eyes (25 eyes in Group 1, 20 eyes in Group 2) from 45 patients. The keratometry (K) at the apex (maximum K) decreased significantly from 54.95 diopters (D) ± 6.73 (SD) to 53.21 ± 6.05 D for Group 1 (P < .001) and from 57.29 ± 7.16 D to 56.48 ± 6.88 D for Group 2 (P = .01). In Group 1, flat K (K1) and steep K (K2) decreased significantly after treatment (P < .05). The thinnest corneal thickness decreased significantly by -17.5 ± 21.9 μm (P = .001) in Group 1. In Group 2, no significant flattening was observed in K1 and K2 (P > .05), and the thinnest corneal thickness showed a slight but not significant thinning (P = .097). CONCLUSIONS In Group 1 (the higher peripheral intensity group), the corneal topographic and tomographic parameters improved significantly after accelerated CXL. The higher peripheral intensity profile effect on keratoconic cornea flattening seemed to be more pronounced compared with the top hat profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Herber
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Herber, Spoerl, Pillunat, Raiskup), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, and the Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences (Kunert), Jena, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (Veliká, Raiskup), University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kathleen S Kunert
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Herber, Spoerl, Pillunat, Raiskup), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, and the Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences (Kunert), Jena, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (Veliká, Raiskup), University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Veliká
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Herber, Spoerl, Pillunat, Raiskup), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, and the Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences (Kunert), Jena, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (Veliká, Raiskup), University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eberhard Spoerl
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Herber, Spoerl, Pillunat, Raiskup), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, and the Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences (Kunert), Jena, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (Veliká, Raiskup), University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Herber, Spoerl, Pillunat, Raiskup), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, and the Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences (Kunert), Jena, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (Veliká, Raiskup), University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik Raiskup
- From the Department of Ophthalmology (Herber, Spoerl, Pillunat, Raiskup), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, and the Ernst-Abbe-University of Applied Sciences (Kunert), Jena, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (Veliká, Raiskup), University Hospital Hradec Králové, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Leszczynska A, Moehler K, Spoerl E, Ramm L, Herber R, Pillunat LE, Terai N. Measurement of Orbital Biomechanical Properties in Patients with Thyroid Orbitopathy Using the Dynamic Scheimpflug Analyzer (Corvis ST). Curr Eye Res 2017; 43:289-292. [PMID: 29166180 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1405044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate orbital biomechanical properties in patients with thyroid orbitopathy and in age- and gender-matched healthy subjects using the Corvis-ST (CST, Oculus Wetzlar, Germany). METHODS The CST allows a non-contact tonometry with an ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug device to record the deformation of the cornea during an air pulse. Biomechanical response parameters (intraocular pressure (IOP), whole eye movement length (WEMl) and time (WEMt), deflection amplitude 2 mm ratio max, deflection amplitude max, stiffness parameter, and biomechanically corrected IOP were measured in 39 patients with thyroid orbitopathy (= group I) and in 33 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects (= group II) using the CST. RESULTS Mean age in group I was 54.3 ± 11.6 years and in group II 54.2 ± 12.3 years with no statistical significant difference between the groups (P = 0.98). The gender distribution between the groups was not statistically significantly different (P = 0.51). Mean central corneal thickness was 571 ± 30 µm in group I and 563 ± 36 µm in group II (P = 0.306). There were statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) between groups I and II in mean IOP (19.3 ± 4.5 vs. 14.8 ± 2.3 mmHg, mean biomechanically corrected IOP (17.1 ± 3.4 vs. 13.4 ± 2.1 mmHg), mean WEMl (207 ± 57 vs. 322 ± 50 µm), mean WEMt (20.5 ± 1.0 vs. 21.9 ± 0.7 ms), mean IOP-adjusted WEMl (213 ± 56 vs. 314 ± 62 µm), and in mean stiffness parameter (132.5 ± 29.6 vs. 107.8 ± 23.3 mmHg/mm), respectively. CONCLUSION Biomechanical parameters as measured by the CST were significantly reduced in patients with thyroid orbitopathy compared to age- and gender-matched healthy subjects, indicating a reduction in orbital compliance in thyroid orbitopathy. The parameters WEMl and WEMt might be a useful diagnostic tool to evaluate the condition of the eyeball within the orbit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leszczynska
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Karolin Moehler
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Eberhard Spoerl
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Lisa Ramm
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Robert Herber
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Lutz E Pillunat
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Naim Terai
- a Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie Inzidenz des Keratokonus wird in aktuellen Studien deutlich höher geschätzt als bisher angenommen, somit wird diese Hornhautektasie nicht mehr zu den seltenen Erkrankungen gezählt. Als einer der bedeutendsten Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung des Keratokonus wurde neben Atopie und Down-Syndrom das chronische Augenreiben definiert. Dies ist der durch Verhaltenstraining und konsequente Aufklärung einzig wirklich modifizierbare Risikofaktor. Weitere Therapieoptionen beinhalten Maßnahmen zur Visusverbesserung wie die Anpassung von Brillen und formstabilen Kontaktlinsen, die Implantation kornealer Ringsegmente oder phaker intraokularer Linsen. Im Falle einer Krankheitsprogression bietet das korneale Crosslinking ein effektives und sicheres Verfahren, sodass das Erfordernis einer Hornhauttransplantation in dieser Indikation immer seltener wird. Neuere Studien sehen auch einen positiven Effekt einer Kombination der bisher bei Keratokonus kontraindizierten photorefraktiven Keratektomie und dem Crosslinking. Die perforierende Keratoplastik stellt allerdings weiterhin den Goldstandard der chirurgischen Behandlung des Keratokonus im fortgeschrittenen Stadium dar, wobei in den letzten Jahren auch die lamellären Verfahren immer mehr in den Vordergrund rücken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Raiskup
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
| | - Janine Lenk
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
| | - Robert Herber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
| | - Zisis Gatzioufas
- Corneo-Plastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Eberhard Spörl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden
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33
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Lenk J, Spoerl E, Stalder T, Schmiedgen S, Herber R, Pillunat LE, Raiskup F. Increased Hair Cortisol Concentrations in Patients With Progressive Keratoconus. J Refract Surg 2017; 33:383-388. [DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20170413-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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34
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Zhou GT, Palchik O, Nowik I, Herber R, Koltypin Y, Gedanken A. Microwave-assisted selective preparation and characterization of Li21Si5 and Li17Sn4. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Herber R, Casson LM. Light-induced excited-spin-state trapping: evidence from variable temperature Fourier transform measurements. Inorg Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00226a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Ernst S, Herber R, Slavcheva E, Vogel I, Baltruschat H. Continuous Detection of Volatile Aromatic, Unsaturated or Halogenated Hydrocarbons in Air by Adsorption on Pt-Electrodes and Subsequent Oxidative Desorption. ELECTROANAL 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-4109(200110)13:14<1191::aid-elan1191>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Abstract
One possible consequence of a change in climate over the past several decades is an increase in wave heights, potentially threatening coastal areas as well as the marine industry. But the difficulties in observing wave heights exacerbates a general problem of climate-change detection: inhomogeneities in long-term observational records owing to changes in the instruments or techniques used, which may cause artificial trends. Ground movements with periods of 4-16 seconds, known as microseisms, are associated with ocean waves and coastal surf, and have been recorded continuously since the early days of seismology. Here we use such a 40-year record of wintertime microseisms from Hamburg, Germany, to reconstruct the wave climate in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. For the period 1954-77, we detect an average of seven days per month with strong microseismic activity, without a significant trend. This number increases significantly in the second half of the record, reaching approximately 14 days of strong microseisms per month. The implied increase in northeast Atlantic wave height over the past 20 years parallels increased surface air temperatures and storminess in this region, suggesting a common forcing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Grevemeyer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bremen, Germany.
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39
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Jolivalt C, Leininger-Muller B, Bertrand P, Herber R, Christen Y, Siest G. Differential oxidation of apolipoprotein E isoforms and interaction with phospholipids. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28:129-40. [PMID: 10656299 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(99)00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of oxidized proteins has been demonstrated in the brain of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the proteins found in cerebral amyloid deposits, apolipoprotein (apo) E is a polymorphic protein which one specific isoform, apo E4, has been widely associated with AD. Apo E may be linked with AD by its isoform-specific interaction with lipids or other proteins in amyloid plaques. Using the myeloperoxidase oxidative system, we report that oxidation of the three recombinant apo E isoforms is differential (as estimated using immunoblot and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis), with apo E4 being more susceptible than apo E3, which in turn is much more susceptible than apo E2. In addition, susceptibility to thrombin proteolysis is reduced when apo E is oxidized, and oxidation of apo E decreases its incorporation into phospholipid discs by approximately 50%. Oxidation of apo E may contribute to inefficient lipid recycling in the brain, particularly regarding apo E4 and E3. Our results link and strengthen both the E4 allele linkage with AD and the role of protein oxidation in AD. The cerebral mechanisms underlying apo E oxidation and/or myeloperoxidase functions in vivo remain to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jolivalt
- Centre du Médicament, UPRES, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Henri Poincaré Nancy 1, France
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40
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Pless D, Gouze JN, Senay C, Herber R, Leroy P, Barberousse V, Fournel-Gigleux S, Magdalou J. Characterization of the UDP-glucuronosyltransferases involved in the glucuronidation of an antithrombotic thioxyloside in rat and humans. Drug Metab Dispos 1999; 27:588-95. [PMID: 10220487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the glucuronidation on the hydroxyl group of carbohydrate-containing drugs, the in vitro formation of glucuronides on the thioxyloside ring of the antithrombotic drug, LF 4.0212, was followed in rat and human liver microsomes and with recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). The reaction revealed a marked regioselectivity in rat and humans. Human liver microsomes glucuronidated the compound mainly on the 2-hydroxyl position of the thioxyloside ring, whereas rat was able to form glucuronide on either the 2-, 3-, or 4- hydroxyl group of the molecule, although to a lower extent. LF 4.0212 was a much better substrate of human UGT than the rat enzyme (Vmax/Km 30.0 and 0.06 microl/min/mg, respectively). Phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, and clofibrate enhanced the glucuronidation of LF 4.0212 on positions 2, 3, and 4 of the thioxyloside ring, thus indicating that several UGT isoforms were involved in this process. The biosynthesis of the 2-O-glucuronide isomer was catalyzed by the human UGT1A9 and 2B4, but not by UGT1A6 and 2B11. By contrast, the rat liver recombinant UGT1A6 and 2B1 failed to form the 2-O-glucuronide isomers. From all the recombinant UGTs tested, none catalyzed the formation of the 3-O-glucuronide isomer. Interestingly, glucuronidation on the 4-position was found in all the metabolic competent V79 cell lines considered, including the nontransfected V79 cells, suggesting the presence of an endogenous UGT in fibroblasts able to actively glucuronidate the drug. This activity, which was nonsensitive to the inhibitory effect of 7,7,7-triphenylheptanoic acid, a potent UGT inhibitor, could reflect the existence of a different enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pless
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7561 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Henri Poincaré Nancy I, Faculté de Médecine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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41
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Maire-Gauthier R, Buronfosse T, Magdalou J, Herber R, Besse S, Delatour P, Benoit E. Species-dependent enantioselective glucuronidation of carprofen. Xenobiotica 1998; 28:595-604. [PMID: 9667082 DOI: 10.1080/004982598239344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
1. The stereoselective glucuronidation of carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, was investigated in vitro using microsomes prepared from liver of different species (rat, dog, horse, sheep and man) or UGT2B1 expressed in fibroblasts. 2. The Km towards the drug was very similar among these species and for the two enantiomers, whereas the Vmax varied substantially according to the animal used. The rat exhibited a high stereoselective glucuronidation whereas other species, including man, presented a low stereoselectivity. The R-enantiomer was glucuronidated at a more efficient rate than its enantiomorph, and was a better substrate (in terms of Vmax/Km). 3. To explain the enantioselective disposition of carprofen in man and in the different species, the ratio of the enzymatic efficacies (Vmax/Km) were compared with the ratio of the pharmacokinetic parameters AUCs. The basic hypothesis that the intrinsic clearance reflect the enantioselective behaviour of carprofen seemed substantiated when we focused on man and rat glucuronidation, but the in vivo-in-vitro correlation was not possible in other species. 4. In conclusion, the chiral pharmacokinetics of carprofen is less dependent on the stereoselective glucuronidation than other stereoselective processes such as protein binding of carprofen, enzymatic hydrolysis, or renal elimination of glucuronides.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maire-Gauthier
- Unité associée INRA-ENVL, Toxicologie et Métabolisme Comparés des Xénobiotiques, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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42
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Villard PH, Herber R, Sérée EM, Attolini L, Magdalou J, Lacarelle B. Effect of cigarette smoke on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity and cytochrome P450 content in liver, lung and kidney microsomes in mice. Pharmacol Toxicol 1998; 82:74-9. [PMID: 9498235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1998.tb01401.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cigarette smoke on the expression of several cytochromes P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyl-transferases (UGT) was studied in mice. The animals were exposed to cigarette smoke for 4 to 30 days. Enzymatic activities supported by CYP1A1, 1A2, 2B, 2E1 and the glucuronidation activity toward phenols were measured in lung, liver and kidney microsomes. Cigarette smoke induced several CYPs, especially in lung. CYP2E1 was more induced than CYP1A1 in this organ. The expression of CYP2E1 was also increased in kidney (5.6 times after 30 days). The glucuronidation in kidney was non-sensitive to the treatment whatever substrate used. In contrast, this activity was enhanced in liver and particularly in lung, in which the glucuronidation of 1-naphthol and 2-hydroxybiphenyl was increased by 122 and 180%, respectively. Interestingly, the times of induction differed according to the substrate used, thus suggesting the presence of different UGTs active toward phenols that were differentially affected by cigarette smoke. The UGT activities toward phenols were low in lung, when compared with those measured in liver or kidney. In conclusion, cigarette smoke greatly affected both glucuronidation activity and the hydroxylation reactions supported by CYPs in mouse liver and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Villard
- Laboratory of Toxicology (EA 2194), Mediterranean University, School of Pharmacy, Marseille, France
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43
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Abstract
The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) genome is commonly present in human cervical carcinoma, in which a subset of the viral genes, E6 and E7, are expressed. The HPV-16 E6 and E7 gene products can associated with and inactivate the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and Rb (the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product), and in tissue culture cells, these viral genes display oncogenic properties. These findings have led to the hypothesis that E6 and E7 contribute to cervical carcinogenesis. This hypothesis has recently been tested by using transgenic mice as an animal model. HPV-16 E6 and E7 together were found to induce cancers in multiple tissues in which they were expressed, including squamous cell carcinoma, the cancer type most commonly associated with HPV-16 in the human cervix. We have extended these studies to investigate the in vivo activities of HPV-16 E7 when expressed in squamous epithelia of transgenic mice. Grossly, E7 transgenic mice had multiple phenotypes, including wrinkled skin that was apparent prior to the appearance of hair on neonates, thickened ears, and loss of hair in adults. In lines of mice expressing higher levels of E7, we observed stunted growth and mortality at an early age, potentially caused by an incapacity to feed. Histological analysis demonstrated that E7 causes epidermal hyperplasia in multiple transgenic lineages with high penetrance. This epithelial hyperplasia was characterized by an expansion of the proliferating compartment and an expansion of the keratin 10-positive layer of cells and was associated with hyperkeratosis. Hyperplasia was found at multiple sites in the animals in addition to the skin, including the mouth palate, esophagus, forestomach, and exocervix. In multiple transgenic lineages, adult animals developed skin tumors late in life with low penetrance. These tumors arose from the squamous epithelia and from sebaceous glands and were characterized histologically to be highly differentiated, locally invasive, and aggressive in their growth properties. On the basis of these phenotypes, we conclude that HPV-16 E7 can alter epithelial cell growth parameters sufficiently to potentiate tumorigenesis in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- DNA, Viral
- Epithelium/pathology
- Epithelium/virology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Humans
- Hyperplasia/pathology
- Hyperplasia/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/physiology
- Papillomaviridae/genetics
- Papillomaviridae/physiology
- Papillomavirus E7 Proteins
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Skin/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Herber
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53706, USA
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44
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Herber R, Hercelin B, Van Cantfort J, De Graeve J, Fournel-Gigleux S, Taguchi T, Magdalou J. Reduction and glucuronidation of naftazone by human and rat liver microsomes. Drug Metab Dispos 1995; 23:1305-14. [PMID: 8689937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduction and glucuronidation of the vasoprotectant drug, naftazone, by human and rat liver microsomes and by recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) stably expressed in V79 cells were studied. The oxo group was first reduced in the presence of NADPH or NADH, and was subsequently readily glucuronidated on the phenolic moiety leading to a 1 beta-O-glucuronide, as revealed from MS and by proton and 13C-NMR. Glucuronide extracted from the urine of rats treated with the drug presented the same structure. In all enzyme systems tested, NADH was the most efficient electron donor, when compared with NADPH. The reaction was strongly inhibited by quercitrin, a specific inhibitor of carbonyl reductase. Attempts to isolate the reduced intermediate were unsuccessful because of its marked instability. In humans, a large interindividual variation for the formation of glucuronide was observed with microsomes of seven different liver samples (3.98 +/- 3.22 nmol/min.mg). In rat, glucuronidation of reduced naftazone was strongly induced (12-fold) by 3-methylcholanthrene and, to a lesser extent (2.6-fold) by phenobarbital, but was not affected by clofibrate. In addition, liver microsomes from Gunn rats, which present a genetic defect in bilirubin and phenol UGTs could not form glucuronide of reduced naftazone. The drug, after addition of NADH, was a substrate of the human liver recombinant UGT1*6 that presents a strict specificity toward planar phenolic substances, but not that of UGT2B4 and UGT2B1 expressed in V79 fibroblasts. The reducing step by the endogenous V79 cellular reductase was rate-limiting. In conclusion, the powerful inducing effect exerted by 3-methylcholanthrene, the lack of glucuronidation in the Gunn rat and the ability of UGT1*6 encoded by the UGT1 gene to glucuronidate reduced naftazone suggest that, in humans and in the rat, the compound is metabolized by a UGT isoform (UGT1*6 and the rat orthologous form) belonging to family 1, with a restricted specificity toward the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Herber
- Centre du Médicament, Nancy, France
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45
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Battaglia E, Senay C, Fournel-Gigleux S, Herber R, Siest G, Magdalou J. The chemical modification of human liver UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1*6 reveals the involvement of a carboxyl group in catalysis. FEBS Lett 1994; 346:146-50. [PMID: 8013623 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(94)00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT1*6 stably expressed in V79 cells with three carboxyl-specific reagents, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide and N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate (Woodward's reagent K), resulted in a fast, dose-dependent decrease of the 4-methylumbelliferone glucuronidation. The inactivation reactions followed pseudo-first order kinetics. The pKa of the modified residue was close to 5.0. A partial protection against inactivation by Woodward's reagent was observed at pH 7.4 in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP, and, to a lesser extent, in the presence of 4-methylumbelliferone. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide significantly decreased the Vmax, without affecting the apparent Km towards UDP-glucuronic acid and 4-methylumbelliferone. The results support the involvement of a carboxyl group in the catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Battaglia
- Centre du Médicament, URA CNRS 597, Nancy, France
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46
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Ferrari L, Herber R, Batt AM, Siest G. Differential effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta and dexamethasone on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in male and female rats. Biochem Pharmacol 1993; 45:2269-77. [PMID: 8517867 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(93)90198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) is one of the major inflammation mediators, commonly reported to be an inhibitor of hepatic drug metabolism. We studied the effect of IL-1 treatment on various drug-metabolizing enzymes in male and female rats. IL-1 induced both cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A1 activity and protein in females, but in males, IL-1 repressed P450 3A2 activity, without decreasing the protein. P450 1A1 was impaired in males, but was retained after dexamethasone pretreatment. IL-1 did not change P450 2B1/2 activity and protein, but counteracted their induction by dexamethasone. Uridine diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A2 (bilirubin) activity and its induction by dexamethasone were not affected by IL-1 treatment. Both P450 2C11 and epoxide hydrolase activities were repressed by IL-1 treatment, and both activities were impaired after dexamethasone treatment. These results clearly demonstrate that IL-1 acts at different steps of protein synthesis and gene expression. The effect of IL-1 on P450 was isoform-dependent, indicating that IL-1 can act on pretranscriptional events. The discrepancy between the variations of the activities and the protein of P450 3A2 suggests a post-translational regulation. For P450 2C11, 3A1, and for microsomal epoxide hydrolase, but not for P450 1A1 and 2B1/2, IL-1 mimics the glucocorticoid effects. These differential effects can affect the kinetics and the bioavailability of drugs used in pathologies in which IL-1 is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferrari
- Centre du Médicament, Unité de Recherche Associée au CNRS No 597, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Nancy, France
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47
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Griep AE, Herber R, Jeon S, Lohse JK, Dubielzig RR, Lambert PF. Tumorigenicity by human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 in transgenic mice correlates with alterations in epithelial cell growth and differentiation. J Virol 1993; 67:1373-84. [PMID: 8382301 PMCID: PMC237507 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.67.3.1373-1384.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E6 and E7 oncogenes are thought to play a role in the development of most human cervical cancers. These E6 and E7 oncoproteins affect cell growth control at least in part through their association with and inactivation of the cellular tumor suppressor gene products, p53 and Rb. To study the biological activities of the HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes in epithelial cells in vivo, transgenic mice were generated in which expression of E6 and E7 was targeted to the ocular lens. Expression of the transgenes correlated with bilateral microphthalmia and cataracts (100% penetrance) resulting from an efficient impairment of lens fiber cell differentiation and coincident induction of cell proliferation. Lens tumors formed in 40% of adult mice from the mouse lineage with the highest level of E6 and E7 expression. Additionally, when lens cells from neonatal transgenic animals were placed in tissue culture, immortalized cell populations grew out and acquired a tumorigenic phenotype with continuous passage. These observations indicate that genetic changes in addition to the transgenes are likely necessary for tumor formation. These transgenic mice and cell lines provide the basis for further studies into the mechanism of action of E6 and E7 in eliciting the observed pathology and into the genetic alterations required for HPV-16-associated tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Griep
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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48
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Ferrari L, Jouzeau JY, Gillet P, Herber R, Fener P, Batt AM, Netter P. Interleukin-1 beta differentially represses drug-metabolizing enzymes in arthritic female rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 264:1012-20. [PMID: 8437102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental arthritis and inflammation have been reported to reduce liver cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase activities with subsequent impairment of drug metabolism. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1) is among the proven mediators of both inflammation and P-450 decrease, although some paradoxical effects were sometimes reported in experimental models of arthritis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the main liver drug-metabolizing isoenzymes during established collagen-induced arthritis in rats, and to investigate whether a systemic IL-1 treatment was able to mimic or sometimes to reverse the influence of the inflammatory process on these enzymes. Arthritis was induced on day 0 by type II collagen and a low dose (0.2 mg) of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine, and human recombinant IL-1 was administered s.c. at the daily dose of 0.02, 0.2 or 2.0 micrograms per arthritic rat, from day 21 to 25 and on day 28. Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation was depressed 6-fold in arthritic rat liver microsomes and the highest dosage of IL-1 potentiated this depression. Pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylation decreased by 50% in arthritic rat, a dose-dependent decrease being observed after IL-1 treatment. Progesterone 6 beta-hydroxylation and P-450 IIIA protein increased by 2-fold in both untreated arthritic rat liver microsomes and those treated by the lowest dose of IL-1. The two higher doses decreased this activity, vs. the dose, to reach the naive level. Lauric acid hydroxylation increased 2-fold in arthritic rat and was further potentiated by IL-1. UDP glucuronosyl transferase IA2 activity was increased 2-fold in arthritic rats, with subsequent decrease after 2.0 micrograms of IL-1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ferrari
- Centre du Médicament, URA CNRS 597, Faculté de Pharmacie, Nancy, France
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Herber R, Magdalou J, Haumont M, Bidault R, van Es H, Siest G. Glucuronidation of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine in human liver microsomes: enzyme inhibition by drugs and steroid hormones. Biochim Biophys Acta 1992; 1139:20-4. [PMID: 1610916 DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(92)90077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The molecular form of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase involved in the catalysis of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT)-5'-O-glucuronide was characterized in human liver microsomes. The specific activity (1.3 nmol/min per mg protein) in transplantable liver was more than 2-times higher than in post-mortem fragments. Liver microsomes from patients suffering Crigler-Najjar syndrome, who are genetically deficient in bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, could also glucuronidate AZT to a similar extent, thus indicating that this protein was not involved in that process. A genetically engineered V79 cell line stably expressing a cDNA which encodes a human isozyme active towards 1-naphthol was unable to glucuronidate AZT. Clinically used drugs, most of them being glucuronidated, were tested as potential inhibitors of the glucuronidation of AZT in human liver microsomes. The drugs chemically related to 2-phenylpropionic acid, naproxen and flurbiprofen, and the steroid compounds testosterone, estrone and ethynylestradiol strongly inhibited AZT glucuronidation. Codeine and morphine also decreased the reaction rate although to a lower extent. Except estrone which elicited a partial competitive inhibition, ethynylestradiol, flurbiprofen naproxen and testosterone could competitively inhibit AZT glucuronidation with an apparent Ki of 38, 50, 172 and 250 microM, respectively. The results suggest that these drugs were substrates of the same isozyme(s) involved in AZT glucuronidation. Probenecid was a weak inhibitor of the reaction (Ki 900 microM), only when non-disrupted microsomes were used. This drug may compete with the anion carrier system involved in the microsomal uptake of UDP-glucuronic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Herber
- Centre du Médicament, U.R.A. CNRS No. 597, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Nancy, France
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Abstract
Current vaccines for human and animal herpesviruses engender an immunity that may ameliorate disease but generally fails to prevent infection, latency, reactivation from latency, or spread through a population. By administering intranasally to cattle bovine herpesvirus type 1 virion envelope proteins combined with the potent mucosal immune system adjuvant, cholera toxin B subunit, we engendered a local antibody response that acted as a barrier to infection of mucosal epithelial cells and thereby prevented viral replication, consequently precluding disease, latency, and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Israel
- Department of Veterinary Science, Unversity of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706
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