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Souza RBD, Gyuricza IG, Cassiano LL, Farinha-Arcieri LE, Alvim Liberatore AM, Schuindt do Carmo S, Caldeira W, Cruz MV, Ribeiro AF, Tedesco RC, Reinhardt DP, Smith R, Jun Koh IH, Pereira LV. The mgΔ lpn mouse model for Marfan syndrome recapitulates the ocular phenotypes of the disease. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108461. [PMID: 33516761 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fibrillin-1 and -2 are major components of tissue microfibrils that compose the ciliary zonule and cornea. While mutations in human fibrillin-1 lead to ectopia lentis, a major manifestation of Marfan syndrome (MFS), in mice fibrillin-2 can compensate for reduced/lack of fibrillin-1 and maintain the integrity of ocular structures. Here we examine the consequences of a heterozygous dominant-negative mutation in the Fbn1 gene in the ocular system of the mgΔlpn mouse model for MFS. METHODS Eyes from mgΔlpn and wild-type mice at 3 and 6 months of age were analyzed by histology. The ciliary zonule was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Mutant mice presented a significantly larger distance of the ciliary body to the lens at 3 and 6 months of age when compared to wild-type, and ectopia lentis. Immunofluorescence and SEM corroborated those findings in MFS mice, revealing a disorganized mesh of microfibrils on the floor of the ciliary body. Moreover, mutant mice also had a larger volume of the anterior chamber, possibly due to excess aqueous humor. Finally, losartan treatment had limited efficacy in improving ocular phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS In contrast with null or hypomorphic mutations, expression of a dominant-negative form of fibrillin-1 leads to disruption of microfibrils in the zonule of mice. This in turn causes lens dislocation and enlargement of the anterior chamber. Therefore, heterozygous mgΔlpn mice recapitulate the major ocular phenotypes of MFS and can be instrumental in understanding the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabela Gerdes Gyuricza
- University of São Paulo, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Waldir Caldeira
- University of São Paulo, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcio V Cruz
- University of São Paulo, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto F Ribeiro
- University of São Paulo, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carlos Tedesco
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphological and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- McGill University, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Faculty of Dentistry, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ricardo Smith
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphological and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan Hong Jun Koh
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lygia V Pereira
- University of São Paulo, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Bastos ELDS, Liberatore AMA, Tedesco RC, Koh IHJ. Gut Microbiota Imbalance Can Be Associated with Non-malabsorptive Small Bowel Shortening Regardless of Blind Loop. Obes Surg 2019; 29:369-375. [PMID: 30293133 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-018-3540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Some traditional bariatric surgery procedures may lead to functional gut shortening, which may unsettle the fine-tuned gastrointestinal physiology and affect gut microbiota balance. PURPOSE Evaluate the gut microbiota behavior in rat models facing gut shortening due to intestinal bypass. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wistar rats (n = 17) were randomly distributed in three groups: (1) sham group (n = 5); (2) blind loop group (n = 6); and (3) resection group (n = 6). Intestinal samples and feces were analyzed to measure bacterial concentrations (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth-SIBO) 12 weeks after the experimental procedures. Bacterial translocation (BT) was investigated in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN), liver, spleen, and lung of the animals. In addition, inflammatory aspects were investigated in their liver and small bowel through histological analysis. RESULTS Regardless of blind loop, gut shortening groups recorded similar high level of bacterial concentrations in intestine compartments, greater than that of the sham group (p ≤ 0.05). BT was only observed in the MLN of gut shortening models, with higher percentage in the blind loop group (p ≤ 0.05). The gut and liver histopathological analysis showed similar low-grade chronic inflammation in both gut shortening groups, likely associated with SIBO/BT events. CONCLUSION Sustained SIBO/BT was associated with proximal gut shortening in half regardless of blind loop, whereas the GI tract's ability to restore gut microbiota balance after a surgical challenge on the small bowel appears to be linked to the functional remaining gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Lemos de Souza Bastos
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Marilia Medicine School, 12 Santa Helena St., Marilia, Sao Paulo, 17515-410, Brazil.
| | | | - Roberto Carlos Tedesco
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Hong Jun Koh
- Department of Surgery and Experimental Research Laboratory, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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de Souza RB, Farinha-Arcieri LE, Catroxo MHB, Martins AMCRPDF, Tedesco RC, Alonso LG, Koh IHJ, Pereira LV. Association of thoracic spine deformity and cardiovascular disease in a mouse model for Marfan syndrome. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224581. [PMID: 31725753 PMCID: PMC6855660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiovascular manifestations are a major cause of mortality in Marfan syndrome (MFS). Animal models that mimic the syndrome and its clinical variability are instrumental for understanding the genesis and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in MFS. This study used morphological and ultrastructural analysis to the understanding of the development of cardiovascular phenotypes of the the mgΔloxPneo model for MFS. Methods and results We studied 6-month-old female mice of the 129/Sv background, 6 wild type (WT) and 24 heterozygous animals from the mgΔloxPneo model. Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection (dTAAD) were identified in 75% of the MFS animals, defining two subgroups: MFS with (MFS+) and without (MFS-) dTAAD. Both subgroups showed increased fragmentation of elastic fibers, predominance of type I collagen surrounding the elastic fiber and fragmentation of interlaminar fibers when compared to WT. However, only MFS animals with spine tortuosity developed aortic aneurysm/dissection. The aorta of MFS+ animals were more tortuous compared to those of MFS- and WT mice, possibly causing perturbations of the luminal blood flow. This was evidenced by the detection of diminished aorta-blood flow in MFS+. Accordingly, only MFS+ animals presented a process of concentric cardiac hypertrophy and a significantly decreased ratio of left and right ventricle lumen area. Conclusions We show that mgΔloxPneo model mimics the vascular disease observed in MFS patients. Furthermore, the study indicates role of thoracic spine deformity in the development of aorta diseases. We suggest that degradation of support structures of the aortic wall; deficiency in the sustenance of the thoracic vertebrae; and their compression over the adjacent aorta resulting in disturbed blood flow is a triad of factors involved in the genesis of dissection/aneurysm of thoracic aorta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Roberto Carlos Tedesco
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphological and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Garcia Alonso
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Morphological and Genetics, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivan Hong Jun Koh
- Federal University of São Paulo, Department of Surgery, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lygia V. Pereira
- University of São Paulo, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Kim LJ, Coelho FM, Araujo P, Tedesco RC, Souza RB, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Sleep restriction reduces the survival time and aggravates the neurological dysfunction and memory impairments in an animal model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res 2016; 1644:213-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Carvalho de Moraes LO, Tedesco RC, Arraez-Aybar LA, Klein O, Mérida-Velasco JR, Alonso LG. Development of synovial membrane in the temporomandibular joint of the human fetus. Eur J Histochem 2015; 59:2569. [PMID: 26708184 PMCID: PMC4698616 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2015.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the synovial membrane was analyzed in serial sections of 21 temporomandibular joints of human fetuses at 9 to 13 weeks of gestation. Sections of two fetuses at 12 weeks of development were used to perform immunohistochemical expression of the markers CD68 and Hsp27 on the synovial lining. Macrophage-like type A and fibroblast-like type B cells, which express CD68 and Hsp27, respectively, were observed at the twelfth week of development. Our results suggest that the development of the synovial membrane is related to the vascularization of the joint and the formation of the articular cavities.
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Liberatore AMA, Vieira JC, Almeida-Filho J, Tedesco RC, Koh IHJ. 0096. Evaluation by videomicroscopy (SDF) of the renal cortex microcirculation and convoluted tubules in acute renal failure during severe sepsis. Experimental study. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014. [PMCID: PMC4796227 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-s1-p8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Dias RRF, de Carvalho ECQ, Leite CCDS, Tedesco RC, Calabrese KDS, Silva AC, DaMatta RA, de Fatima Sarro-Silva M. Toxoplasma gondii oral infection induces intestinal inflammation and retinochoroiditis in mice genetically selected for immune oral tolerance resistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113374. [PMID: 25437299 PMCID: PMC4249919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide disease with most of the infections originating through the oral route and generates various pathological manifestations, ranging from meningoencephalitis to retinochoroiditis and inflammatory bowel disease. Animal models for these pathologies are scarce and have limitations. We evaluated the outcome of Toxoplasma gondii oral infection with 50 or 100 cysts of the ME-49 strain in two lines of mice with extreme phenotypes of susceptibility (TS) or resistance (TR) to immune oral tolerance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of TS and TR mice, orally infected by T. gondii, and determine its value as a model for inflammatory diseases study. Mortality during the acute stage of the infection for TR was 50% for both dosages, while 10 and 40% of the TS died after infection with these respective dosages. In the chronic stage, the remaining TS succumbed while TR survived for 90 days. The TS displayed higher parasite load with lower intestinal inflammation and cellular proliferation, notwithstanding myocarditis, pneumonitis and meningoencephalitis. TR presented massive necrosis of villi and crypt, comparable to inflammatory bowel disease, with infiltration of lymphoid cells in the lamina propria of the intestines. Also, TR mice infected with 100 cysts presented intense cellular infiltrate within the photoreceptor layer of the eyes, changes in disposition and morphology of the retina cell layers and retinochoroiditis. During the infection, high levels of IL-6 were detected in the serum of TS mice and TR mice presented high amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Both mice lineages developed different disease outcomes, but it is emphasized that TR and TS mice presented acute and chronic stages of the infection, demonstrating that the two lineages offer an attractive model for studying toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Ramos Furtado Dias
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Cristina da Silva Leite
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carlos Tedesco
- Disciplina de Anatomia Topográfica e Descritiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Silva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renato Augusto DaMatta
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fatima Sarro-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), 20550-900, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Koh IHJ, Vieirra JC, Almeida-Filho J, Tedesco RC, Souza RB, Liberatore AMA. 0732. Sequential changes in the pattern of liver architecture in the acute phase of severe sepsis under the vision of videomicroscopy. Experimental study. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014. [PMCID: PMC4798538 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-s1-p54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Almeida-Filho J, Liberatore AMA, Tedesco RC, Del-Massa EC, Koh IHJ. Abdominal organs' microcirculation dysfunction sequence in severe sepsis by SDF microscopy and histology. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3504894 DOI: 10.1186/cc11780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Arraes JCD, Tedesco RC, Arraes TA, Silva EBD, Ventura A, Ávila MPD. Intravitreal bevacizumab in pigmented rabbit eyes: histological analysis 90 days after injection. Arq Bras Oftalmol 2009; 72:656-60. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27492009000500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Carvalho LOP, Abreu-Silva AL, Hardoim DDJ, Tedesco RC, Mendes VG, da Costa SCG, Calabrese KDS. Trypanosoma cruzi and myoid cells from seminiferous tubules: interaction and relation with fibrous components of extracellular matrix in experimental Chagas' disease. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:52-7. [PMID: 19200251 PMCID: PMC2669618 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main transmission route of Trypanosoma cruzi is by triatomine bugs. However, T. cruzi is also transmitted through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, ingestion of contaminated food or fluids, or is congenital. Sexual transmission, although suggested since the discovery of Chagas' disease, has remained unproven. Sexual transmission would require T. cruzi to be located at the testes and ovaries. Here we investigated whether T. cruzi is present in the gonads of mice infected with 10(4) T. cruzi trypomastigotes from the CL strain. Fourteen days after experimental infection, histopathological examination showed alterations in the extracellular matrix of the lamina propria of the seminiferous tubules. Furthermore, amastigotes were present in seminiferous tubules, within myoid cells, and in the adjacencies of the basal compartment. These results indicate that T. cruzi is able to reach seminiferous tubule lumen, thus suggesting that Chagas' disease could potentially be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Complementary studies are required to demonstrate that Chagas' disease can be transmitted by coitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Lucia Abreu-Silva
- Departamento de Patologia da Universidade Estadual do MaranhãoSão Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Carlos Tedesco
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo CruzFIOCRUZ, Brazil
- Disciplina de Anatomia Topográfica e Descritiva, Departamento de Morfologia, Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Tedesco RC, Vitor RWA, Brandão GP, Calabrese KS. Ocular toxoplasmosis signs in mice embryo. Micron 2007; 38:729-33. [PMID: 17596951 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Revised: 05/12/2007] [Accepted: 05/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocular toxoplasmosis is present in 20% of infected immunocompetent individuals. Toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of posterior uveitis in immunocompetent subjects and congenital toxoplasmosis transmission was the first parasite to be linked to human lesions in the eye. An experimental model for congenital ocular toxoplasmosis was developed in C57BL/6 mice with the purpose to evaluate Toxoplasma induced ocular pathology during fetal life. Toxoplasma gondii, ME-49 strain, was used to infect pregnant females. Histological analysis of pre-natal fetal eyes from infected female mice, did not show parasite infestation, however, alterations were observed in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and in the inner nuclear layers (INL) of the retina. Edema was also observed, characterized by the increase of interstitial spaces forming lacunae between the ONL and INL cells and a net of vessels associated with an intense inflammatory infiltrate. These histological observations suggest that ocular lesions are not delayed manifestations of toxoplasmosis. The eye was affected in the initial phase of disease, and these alterations were of similar nature as those observed in mice at later stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Tedesco
- Departamento de Ultra-estrutura e Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365, CEP 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Abstract
This paper aims to test the influence of route of infection (intravitreal and instillation) on the course of ocular toxoplasmosis in mice, using the Toxoplasma gondii Me-49 strain. All mice inoculated intravitreally or by instillation presented the same pattern of infection. Using either route, parasites were observed in the retinal vessel with the formation of a glial reaction in the inner plexiforme layer and discontinuity of the pigmented epithelium of the retina 7 days after infection. However, when the intravitreal route was used a more intense inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the retina. The results suggest that inoculation route remarkably influences the inflammatory pattern in ocular toxoplasmosis and that the instillation route should be preferentially used in experimental infections in the murine ocular model of infection by T. gondii, specially with small animals where there is extensive needle damage, which is not observed in the instillation route.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Tedesco
- Departamento de Ultra-estrutura e Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365 CEP: 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brasil.
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Abstract
There are species-related anatomical differences in the ciliary muscle of the avian eye. The arrangement of muscular fibers in the avian eye is not well defined. To clarify this situation, we studied the architecture of ciliary muscle of Gallus domesticus by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results showed the existence of three main muscular groups that we defined as anterior, posterior, and intermediary. These muscle divisions correspond to the description of the ciliary muscle as previously stated by Crampton (1813), Brucke, and Muller (1856). The striated fibers have a meridian orientation. The anterior and posterior muscular groups are inserted in the sclera, around the Schlemm's canal wall and ciliary process stroma. The vitreal intermediary muscle has fibers inserted in Schlemm's canal wall and ciliary process stroma. The framework of these muscular fibers may according to its insertions participate in the visual accommodation mechanism and outflow of the aqueous humor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carlos Tedesco
- Departamento de Ultra-estrutura e Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abreu-Silva AL, Calabrese KS, Mortara RA, Tedesco RC, Cardoso FO, Carvalho LOP, Gonçalves da Costa SC. Extracellular matrix alterations in experimental murine Leishmania (L.) amazonensis infection. Parasitology 2004; 128:385-90. [PMID: 15151143 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182003004621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe extracellular matrix alterations in footpad lesions and draining lymph nodes caused by Leishmania (L.) amazonensis in mouse strains with distinct susceptibilities to this parasite: BALB/c (susceptible), C57BL/6 (intermediate), and DBA/2 (resistant). Changes in ECM were observed mainly in BALB/c mice that, in general, presented tissue damage associated with high parasite burden. Under polarized light, Sirius Red revealed type I collagen that was predominant in the primary lesion in all strains studied at the early phase of infection, but gradually decreased and was replaced by abundant type III collagen fibres in chronic phase lesions. The presence of type III collagen seemed to provide support to inflammatory cells, mainly vacuolated and parasitized macrophages. Laminin expression was not altered during infection by L. (L.) amazonensis in any of the mouse strains studied. Furthermore, the decreased fibronectin expression, in all strains, in areas where amastigotes have been found, indicated that this decline was also not related to the genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Abreu-Silva
- Departamento de Patologia da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brasil
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Tedesco RC, Smith RL, Corte-Real S, Calabrese KS. Ocular toxoplasmosis: the role of retinal pigment epithelium migration in infection. Parasitol Res 2004; 92:467-72. [PMID: 14986110 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-003-1031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2003] [Accepted: 09/30/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to study the migration of retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) into the retinal layer during infection of C57BL/6 mice with Toxoplasma gondii. Eyes from infected and non-infected animals were analyzed on the 60th day of infection by light and transmission electron microscopy. Non-infected eyes showed a normal morphology. In contrast, we observed free parasites in the retinal vasculature, the presence of mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate (MNII) and parasites in the vasculature of choroids in infected eyes. No inflammatory infiltrate was observed; RPE cells were identified near the MNII in nuclear and plexiforme layers. RPE cells were also found on the ganglion cell layer and in the outer segments of the photoreceptor. The morphology showed that RPE cells caused a discontinuity in the nuclear and plexiforme layers. Clusters of parasites were found surrounded by RPE cells and MNII in the inner plexiforme layers. Ultrastructural analysis showed that RPE cells migrated through the epithelium into the inner retinal layers. We did not observe Toxoplasma cysts in many eyes in which pathological changes were detected. Only 8.3% of the animals had Toxoplasma cysts in the inner nuclear layer in the absence of inflammatory cells. The migration of RPE cells can be triggered by a disruption of the RPE monolayer or injury to the neural retina, as in the case of toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Tedesco
- Departamento de Ultra-estrutura e Biologia Celular, Pavilhão Carlos Chagas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Abreu-Silva AL, Calabrese KS, Tedesco RC, Mortara RA, Gonçalves da Costa SC. Central nervous system involvement in experimental infection with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68:661-5. [PMID: 12887024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe the pathologic alterations of the central nervous system (CNS) observed in experimental tegumentary leishmaniasis in BALB/c and Swiss mice. The mice were subcutaneously infected with 10(4) amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. Animals were killed and brains were removed for histologic and immunocytochemical studies. Histologic examination showed that 66.6% of infected mice had a discrete hyperemia and inflammatory infiltrate in the meninges, composed of mononuclear cells and neutrophils with no detectable parasites. However, parasitized macrophages were detected in the cerebral parenchyma, as well as mast cells, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells. Necrosis in the cerebral parenchyma was also observed. Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that CD8+ T lymphocytes are the major component of the inflammatory infiltrate in the CNS. In addition to these cells, CD4+, CD11b, and dendritic cells are present, in small numbers, in the inflammatory processes of the CNS. Thus, L. amazonensis is able to cross the blood-brain barrier and cause significant pathologic changes in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Abreu-Silva
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Maranhão, Brazil.
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Calabrese KS, Paradela ASRC, do Valle TZ, Tedesco RC, Leonardo R, Mortara RA, Gonçalves da Costa SC. T cell subpopulations in myocardial inflammatory infiltrates detected by confocal microscopy: dose dependence in mice treated with cyclophosphamide during acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2003; 51:129-34. [PMID: 12781792 DOI: 10.1016/s0369-8114(03)00022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we have characterized cell subpopulations found in the hearts of mice presenting acute Chagas' disease by immunocytochemistry and subjected to different schedules of an immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide (CY). In this comparative study, CY treatment with different doses was carried out before or after infection with Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain trypomastigotes, enabling us to discriminate the parasitemic kinetics and inflammatory processes in the heart, 12 d after infection. Animals treated with 200 mg/kg of CY 2 d before infection presented high parasitaemia as well as heavy inflammation and low parasite loads in the heart. Mice treated 5 d after infection with the same dose, developed the same parasitaemic peak but were not able to control it. Their heart did not present inflammation, but a high number of parasites could be seen. Animals treated with five 3 mg/kg doses of CY every other day presented heavy inflammatory reaction and low parasitaemia. In this group, as well as the one treated before infection, immunocytochemistry studies have shown predominance of CD8(+) T cells in the myocardium. On the other hand, mice treated with 200 mg/kg of CY 5 d after infection, presented small amounts of CD4(+) T cells while no CD8(+) could be found. These results have confirmed the dose dependence influence of this drug on the T cell populations in the inflammatory infiltrates as well as the importance of the schedule employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Calabrese
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação, Departamento de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Calabrese KS, Paradela AS, Zaverucha do Valle T, Tedesco RC, Silva S, Mortara RA, Gonçalves da Costa SC. Study of acute chagasic mice under immunosuppressive therapy by cyclosporin A : modulation and confocal analysis of inflammatory reaction. Immunopharmacology 2000; 47:1-11. [PMID: 10708805 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on Trypanosoma cruzi infection were examined using different schedules of the drug in mice infected with the Y strain. Parasitaemia at day 8 after infection among CsA-treated animals was usually higher than control infected non-treated mice. On the other hand, mortality analysis showed that animals CsA-treated either with 200 mg/kg 2 days before infection or with therapeutic doses (10 mg/kg every other day) showed almost the same mean time of death (35.8 and 38.2 days, respectively). In these groups mice died 50% less than control infected non-treated ones. The mean time of death in the animals treated with 200 mg/kg 5 days after infection and in infected non-treated control mice were respectively 29.0 and 22.6 days. The kinetics analysis of the leukocyte population of animals treated with a single dose of 200 mg/kg of CsA before or after infection did not show the alternate pattern of leukopenia/leukocytosis observed in control groups of infected mice but differential cell counts indicated a modulatory action upon circulating leukocytes of therapeutic doses of CsA. The animals treated with any of the CsA schedules showed a moderate to intense diffuse inflammatory reaction exhibiting mainly mononuclear cells in the heart. Immunofluorescence analysis by confocal microscopy revealed that macrophages are a major component of the inflammatory infiltrate in all groups of CsA-treated mice and also in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Calabrese
- Laborat orio de Imunomodula-c-ao, Departamento de Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Barros HC, Da Silva S, Verbisck NV, Araguth MF, Tedesco RC, Procópio DO, Mortara RA. Release of membrane-bound trails by Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes onto modified surfaces and mammalian cells. J Eukaryot Microbiol 1996; 43:275-85. [PMID: 8768431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1996.tb03990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Upon incubation at 37 degrees C onto glass coverslips coated with Concanavalin A, poly-L-lysine, or a monoclonal antibody (1D9) directed to the parasite major surface glycoprotein Ssp-4, extracellular Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes release trails of material barely visible by light microscopy. This release is not associated with parasite movements. Immunolabeling studies confirmed that the material is derived from the parasite's membrane since thin section through samples labeled with 1D9 revealed that the trails are membrane-bound structures. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the approximately 0.1-micron(s) thick trails of material emerging from the amastigotes can be uniform or beaded, indicating a tendency to vesiculation. The trails are preferentially released from the flagellar pocket region and/or at the opposite posterior end of the parasite body, and seem to be devoid of microtubules. The release is time and temperature-dependent and fixed parasites do not form trails. All attempts to inhibit trail release using drugs (antimycin A, sodium azide, cytochalasin D, nocodazole, genistein, staurosporine, EGTA) failed. The observation of trails associated with intracellular parasites and amastigotes invading Vero cells suggests that this is probably a physiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Barros
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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