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Liu Y, Molinari S, Dalconi MC, Valentini L, Bellotto MP, Ferrari G, Pellay R, Rilievo G, Vianello F, Famengo A, Salviulo G, Artioli G. Industrial by-products-derived binders for in-situ remediation of high Pb content pyrite ash: Synergistic use of ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel slag to achieve efficient Pb retention and CO 2 mitigation. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123455. [PMID: 38301818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a cost-effective and conventional binder that is widely adopted in brownfield site remediation and redevelopment. However, the substantial carbon dioxide emission during OPC production and the concerns about its undesirable retention capacity for potentially toxic elements strain this strategy. To tackle this objective, we herein tailored four alternative binders (calcium aluminate cement, OPC-activated ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), white-steel-slag activated GGBFS, and alkaline-activated GGBFS) for facilitating immobilization of high Pb content pyrite ash, with the perspectives of enhancing Pb retention and mitigating anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. The characterizations revealed that the incorporation of white steel slag efficiently benefits the activity of GGBFS, herein facilitating the hydration products (mainly ettringite and calcium silicate hydrates) precipitation and Pb immobilization. Further, we quantified the cradle-to-gate carbon footprint and cost analysis attributed to each binder-Pb contaminants system, finding that the application of these alternative binders could be pivotal in the envisaged carbon-neutral world if the growth of the OPC-free roadmap continues. The findings suggest that the synergistic use of recycled white steel slag and GGBFS can be proposed as a profitable and sustainable OPC-free candidate to facilitate the management of lead-contaminated brownfield sites. The overall results underscore the potential immobilization mechanisms of Pb in multiple OPC-free/substitution binder systems and highlight the urgent need to bridge the zero-emission insights to sustainable in-situ solidification/stabilization technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Liu
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Molinari
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129, Padua, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Dalconi
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Valentini
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Pellay
- TEVGroup S.r.l., via Romea 8, 30034, Mira, Venice, Italy
| | - Graziano Rilievo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Famengo
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Salviulo
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129, Padua, Italy
| | - Gilberto Artioli
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129, Padua, Italy
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Liu Y, Molinari S, Dalconi MC, Valentini L, Bellotto MP, Ferrari G, Pellay R, Rilievo G, Vianello F, Salviulo G, Chen Q, Artioli G. Mechanistic insights into Pb and sulfates retention in ordinary Portland cement and aluminous cement: Assessing the contributions from binders and solid waste. J Hazard Mater 2023; 458:131849. [PMID: 37393826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Identifying immobilization mechanisms of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is of paramount importance in the field application of solidification/stabilization. Traditionally, demanding and extensive experiments are required to better access the underlying retention mechanisms, which are usually challenging to quantify and clarify precisely. Herein, we present a geochemical model with parametric fitting techniques to reveal the solidification/stabilization of Pb-rich pyrite ash through conventional (ordinary Portland cement) and alternative (calcium aluminate cement) binders. We found that ettringite and calcium silicate hydrates exhibit strong affinities for Pb at alkaline conditions. When the hydration products are unable to stabilize all the soluble Pb in the system, part of the soluble Pb may be immobilized as Pb(OH)2. At acidic and neutral conditions, hematite from pyrite ash and newly-formed ferrihydrite are the main controlling factors of Pb, coupled with anglesite and cerussite precipitation. Thus, this work provides a much-needed complement to this widely-applied solid waste remediation technique for the development of more sustainable mixture formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Liu
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Simone Molinari
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy.
| | - Maria Chiara Dalconi
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Valentini
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Graziano Rilievo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gabriella Salviulo
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
| | - Qiusong Chen
- Sinosteel Maanshan General Institute of Mining Research Co., Ltd., Maanshan 24300, China; School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, 410083 Hunan, China
| | - Gilberto Artioli
- Department of Geosciences and CIRCe Centre, University of Padua, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35129 Padua, Italy
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Scanferla P, Calgaro L, Quaresmini R, Zambon M, Pellay R, Ferrari G, Marcomini A. The validation of converting pyrite ash-contaminated soil into End-of-Waste by the High-Performance Solidification/Stabilization process application. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022. [PMID: 36305524 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the major challenges to establishing more sustainable management strategies than landfill disposal of metals-contaminated soils is the lack of End-of-Waste (EoW) criteria defined at the European and national levels. Another limitation stems from the scarcity of information on industrial-scale applications of treatment technologies able to obtain safe and reusable materials from such contaminated waste. In this context, the High-Performance Solidification/Stabilization process was applied for the full-scale remediation of pyrite ash-contaminated soil (ca. 24 000 m3 ), and a dedicated sampling and analytical protocol was developed and implemented to verify if the treated material obtained complied with the general EoW criteria established by article 6 of the Waste Framework Directive 2008/98/EC. The results of the leaching, ecotoxicological, and mechanical tests carried out on representative samples of the treated soil showed that this material (ca. 19 000 m3 ) could be classified as EoW and thus was deemed reusable both in-situ as filler for the excavation and ex-situ as road construction material. These results improve the knowledge of the performance of a state-of-the-art technique for the treatment of metals-contaminated soil. Furthermore, the developed monitoring plan can support future assessments on the compliance of materials obtained from contaminated soil with the general EoW criteria. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;00:1-9. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice Mestre, Italy
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Calgaro L, Badetti E, Bonetto A, Contessi S, Pellay R, Ferrari G, Artioli G, Marcomini A. Consecutive thermal and wet conditioning treatments of sedimentary stabilized cementitious materials from HPSS® technology: Effects on leaching and microstructure. J Environ Manage 2019; 250:109503. [PMID: 31525699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soil and sediment contamination is recognised as one of the most relevant environmental problems caused by past industrial activities and unsustainable waste disposal practices, highlighting the need to develop or improve effective remediation techniques to support sustainable management strategies. In this context, the remediation of sediments dredged from the Mincio river (Italy) contaminated by mercury and heavy hydrocarbons (C12-40) was carried out by applying and implementing the High Performance Solidification/Stabilization technology, aimed at producing safe and reusable cement-based granular materials. The technology was improved by decreasing both the temperature and time of the thermal desorption treatment (from 280 to 110 °C and from 4-16 h to 70 min, respectively) and by including a wet conditioning step to the process. Temperature and time reduction allowed to diminish the degradation of the cementitious phases of the granules (usually related to the high temperatures employed in the process), while the wet conditioning step allowed to improve their mechanical properties, as well as to further reduce the leaching of contaminants. The physical-chemical properties of the granules and contaminant leaching in water were investigated by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass and Optical Emission Spectrometry, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography, X-Ray Powder Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy, in order to identify the optimal parameters for both thermal and wet conditioning processes. The overall results showed that the use of consecutive thermal and wet conditioning treatment on sedimentary cementitious materials from the High Performance Solidification/Stabilization technology led to the removal of volatile pollutants and to the improvement of granule quality, thus providing a final material that satisfied all the Italian regulatory requirements for reuse. Therefore, the findings obtained in this study may contribute to the development of sustainable management strategies for contaminated soils and sediments, leading to their valorisation through the transformation into reusable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - Elena Badetti
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bonetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
| | - Silvia Contessi
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Roberto Pellay
- Ingegnerie e Tecnologie Ecologiche (In.T.Ec.) s.r.l., Via Romea 8, 30034, Malcontenta di Mira, Venice, Italy.
| | | | - Gilberto Artioli
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padua, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice Mestre, Italy.
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