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Guilbaud R, Franco Yusti AM, Leducq V, Zafilaza K, Bridier-Nahmias A, Todesco E, Soulie C, Fauchois A, Le Hingrat Q, Kramer L, Goulenok T, Salpin M, Daugas E, Dorent R, Ottaviani S, Zalcman G, Ghosn J, Choquet S, Cacoub P, Amoura Z, Barroux B, Pourcher V, Spano JP, Louet M, Marcelin AG, Calvez V, Charpentier C, Descamps D, Marot S, Ferré VM, Coppée R. Higher Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Genetic Variation in Immunocompromised Patients: A Retrospective Case-Control Study. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1041-1049. [PMID: 37956413 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection lasts longer in immunocompromised hosts than in immunocompetent patients. Prolonged infection is associated with a higher probability of selection for novel SARS-CoV-2 mutations, particularly in the spike protein, a critical target for vaccines and therapeutics. METHODS From December 2020 to September 2022, respiratory samples from 444 immunocompromised patients and 234 health care workers positive for SARS-CoV-2, diagnosed at 2 hospitals in Paris, France, were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing using Nanopore technology. Custom scripts were developed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity between the 2 groups and within the host. RESULTS Most infections were SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron lineages. Viral genetic diversity was significantly higher in infections of immunocompromised patients than those of controls. Minor mutations were identified in viruses sequenced from immunocompromised individuals, which became signature mutations for newer SARS-CoV-2 variants as the epidemic progressed. Two patients were coinfected with Delta and Omicron variants. The follow-up of immunocompromised patients revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution differed in the upper and lower respiratory tracts. CONCLUSIONS This study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients is associated with higher genetic diversity, which could lead to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with possible immune evasion or different virulence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romane Guilbaud
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Anna-Maria Franco Yusti
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Leducq
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Karen Zafilaza
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Bridier-Nahmias
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Eve Todesco
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cathia Soulie
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Fauchois
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Le Hingrat
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Laura Kramer
- Service de Pharmacie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Goulenok
- Service de Médecine Interne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Salpin
- Service de Pneumologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Eric Daugas
- Service de Néphrologie, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1149, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Richard Dorent
- Service de Cardiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Ottaviani
- Service de Rhumatologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Service d'Oncologie Thoracique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Jade Ghosn
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Cacoub
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Service de Médecine Interne 2, Centre National de Référence des Histiocytoses, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Barroux
- Service d'Urologie et de Transplantation Rénale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Pourcher
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Spano
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Martine Louet
- Service de Santé au Travail, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Calvez
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Marot
- Service de Virologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Valentine Marie Ferré
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Romain Coppée
- Infection, Antimicrobials, Modelling, Evolution, Université Paris Cité and Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, Paris, France
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Dosbaa A, Guilbaud R, Yusti AMF, Ferré VM, Charpentier C, Descamps D, Le Hingrat Q, Coppée R. RSV-GenoScan: An automated pipeline for whole-genome human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) sequence analysis. J Virol Methods 2024; 327:114938. [PMID: 38588779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies and reductions in sequencing costs have revolutionised the study of genomics and molecular biology by making whole-genome sequencing (WGS) accessible to many laboratories. However, the analysis of WGS data requires significant computational effort, which is the major drawback in implementing WGS as a routine laboratory technique. OBJECTIVE Automated pipelines have been developed to overcome this issue, but they do not exist for all organisms. This is the case for human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised adults. RESULTS We present RSV-GenoScan, a fast and easy-to-use pipeline for WGS analysis of RSV generated by HTS on Illumina or Nanopore platforms. RSV-GenoScan automates the WGS analysis steps directly from the raw sequence data. The pipeline filters the sequence data, maps the reads to the RSV reference genomes, generates a consensus sequence, identifies the RSV subgroup, and lists amino acid mutations, insertions and deletions in the F and G viral genes. This enables the rapid identification of mutations in these coding genes that are known to confer resistance to monoclonal antibodies. AVAILABILITY RSV-GenoScan is freely available at https://github.com/AlexandreD-bio/RSV-GenoScan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dosbaa
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Romane Guilbaud
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris F-75018, France; Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Anna-Maria Franco Yusti
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Valentine Marie Ferré
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris F-75018, France; Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris F-75018, France; Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris F-75018, France; Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Quentin Le Hingrat
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris F-75018, France; Service de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Paris F-75018, France
| | - Romain Coppée
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, IAME, Paris F-75018, France.
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Wurtzer S, Guilbaud R, Levert M, Fagour N, Le Hingrat Q, Descamps D, Tarantola A, Grellet S, Londinsky N, Moskovoy JM, Mouchel JM, Charpentier C, Moulin L. BA.2.86 variant emergence and spread dynamics through wastewater monitoring in Paris, France. Sci Total Environ 2024; 917:170355. [PMID: 38281649 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Numerous SARS-CoV-2 variants are emerging as the epidemic continues, inducing new waves of contamination. In July 2023, a new variant named BA.2.86 was identified, raising concerns about its potential for viral escape, even in an immune population. The reduction in patient-centered testing and the identification of variants by sequencing means that we are now blind to the spread of this new variant. The aim of this study was to track the signature of this variant in wastewater in Paris, France. This variant showed a very rapid spread, highly correlated with national flash studies involving sequencing of clinical samples, but with a moderate impact on virus circulation. This easy-to-implement approach enabled us to monitor the emergence and spread of this new variant in real time at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Wurtzer
- Eau de Paris. DRDQE - R&D Dept., 33 avenue Jean Jaurès, FR-94200 Ivry sur Seine, France; OBEPINE SIG, Paris, France.
| | - Romane Guilbaud
- Service de Virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018, France
| | - Morgane Levert
- Eau de Paris. DRDQE - R&D Dept., 33 avenue Jean Jaurès, FR-94200 Ivry sur Seine, France; Paris Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Fagour
- Eau de Paris. DRDQE - R&D Dept., 33 avenue Jean Jaurès, FR-94200 Ivry sur Seine, France
| | - Quentin Le Hingrat
- Service de Virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018, France
| | - Diane Descamps
- Service de Virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018, France
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Santé publique France en Île-de-France, Direction des Régions, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, FR-94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sophie Grellet
- Santé publique France en Île-de-France, Direction des Régions, 12 rue du Val d'Osne, FR-94415 Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Nicolas Londinsky
- Ville de Paris, Direction de la propreté et de l'eau, Service technique de l'eau et de l'assainissement, 27 rue du Commandeur, FR-75014 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Moskovoy
- SIAM - STV, Avenue de la Courtilliere, FR-77400 Saint Thibault des vignes, France
| | - Jean-Marie Mouchel
- Paris Sorbonne Universite, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 Metis, F-75005 Paris, France; OBEPINE SIG, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Charpentier
- Service de Virologie, Université Paris Cité, INSERM, IAME, UMR 1137, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018, France
| | - Laurent Moulin
- Eau de Paris. DRDQE - R&D Dept., 33 avenue Jean Jaurès, FR-94200 Ivry sur Seine, France; OBEPINE SIG, Paris, France
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4
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Canaguier A, Guilbaud R, Denis E, Magdelenat G, Belser C, Istace B, Cruaud C, Wincker P, Le Paslier MC, Faivre-Rampant P, Barbe V. Oxford Nanopore and Bionano Genomics technologies evaluation for plant structural variation detection. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:317. [PMID: 35448948 PMCID: PMC9026655 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Structural Variations (SVs) are genomic rearrangements derived from duplication, deletion, insertion, inversion, and translocation events. In the past, SVs detection was limited to cytological approaches, then to Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) short reads and partitioned assemblies. Nowadays, technologies such as DNA long read sequencing and optical mapping have revolutionized the understanding of SVs in genomes, due to the enhancement of the power of SVs detection. This study aims to investigate performance of two techniques, 1) long-read sequencing obtained with the MinION device (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) and 2) optical mapping obtained with Saphyr device (Bionano Genomics) to detect and characterize SVs in the genomes of the two ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana, Columbia-0 (Col-0) and Landsberg erecta 1 (Ler-1). Results We described the SVs detected from the alignment of the best ONT assembly and DLE-1 optical maps of A. thaliana Ler-1 against the public reference genome Col-0 TAIR10.1. After filtering (SV > 1 kb), 1184 and 591 Ler-1 SVs were retained from ONT and Bionano technologies respectively. A total of 948 Ler-1 ONT SVs (80.1%) corresponded to 563 Bionano SVs (95.3%) leading to 563 common locations. The specific locations were scrutinized to assess improvement in SV detection by either technology. The ONT SVs were mostly detected near TE and gene features, and resistance genes seemed particularly impacted. Conclusions Structural variations linked to ONT sequencing error were removed and false positives limited, with high quality Bionano SVs being conserved. When compared with the Col-0 TAIR10.1 reference genome, most of the detected SVs discovered by both technologies were found in the same locations. ONT assembly sequence leads to more specific SVs than Bionano one, the latter being more efficient to characterize large SVs. Even if both technologies are complementary approaches, ONT data appears to be more adapted to large scale populations studies, while Bionano performs better in improving assembly and describing specificity of a genome compared to a reference. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08499-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Canaguier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux EPGV, 91000, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Romane Guilbaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux EPGV, 91000, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Erwan Denis
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Ghislaine Magdelenat
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Caroline Belser
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Benjamin Istace
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Corinne Cruaud
- Genoscope, Institut de biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Patrick Wincker
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Marie-Christine Le Paslier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux EPGV, 91000, Evry-Courcouronnes, France
| | - Patricia Faivre-Rampant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux EPGV, 91000, Evry-Courcouronnes, France.
| | - Valérie Barbe
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057, Evry, France
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Marier JF, Dimarco M, Guilbaud R, Dodard C, Morelli G, Tippabhotla SK, Singla AK, Thudi NR, Monif T. Pharmacokinetics of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine administered as a fixed-dose combination formulation versus coadministration of the individual products. J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 47:1381-9. [PMID: 17962426 DOI: 10.1177/0091270007307572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of 150 mg lamivudine, 300 mg zidovudine, and 200 mg nevirapine were assessed following single oral administration of a fixed-dose combination tablet and coadministration of the separate innovator products in healthy male subjects (n = 64) under fasting conditions in an open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover study. Multiple blood samples were collected up to 72 hours and plasma concentrations of antiretrovirals were assayed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods, and bioequivalence was assessed using an analysis of variance model. The ratio of the least squares mean (fixed-dose combination to individual products) and 90% confidence intervals of AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), and C(max) for lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine were all within 80.0% to 125.0%, suggesting a similar rate and extent of antiretroviral exposure in the bloodstream. Mean oral clearance (CL/F) values of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine for the fixed-dose combination were 23.7, 127, and 1.65 L/h, respectively. The fixed-dose combination and individual products were equally safe and well tolerated, with only a few subjects experiencing drug-related adverse events. The current fixed-dose combination of lamivudine, zidovudine, and nevirapine is expected to provide a similar efficacy/safety profile as coadministration of the individual products, a better adherence to treatment, and considerable cost savings in the treatment of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Marier
- Vice President, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics, Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd, Plot No. 20, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon-122001, Haryana, India
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Simard C, O'Hara GE, Prévost J, Guilbaud R, Masseé R, Turgeon J. Study of the drug-drug interaction between simvastatin and cisapride in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 57:229-34. [PMID: 11497338 DOI: 10.1007/s002280100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to evaluate in humans the drug-drug interaction occurring during the concomitant administration of cisapride and simvastatin, two well-known substrates of CYP3A4. METHODS Eleven healthy men aged between 20 years and 35 years gave their written informed consent to participate in the study. Each participant received repeated doses of cisapride and/or simvastatin. At first, subjects received cisapride alone, 10 mg every 8 h, for 3 days. Then, the drug was given at the same regimen during concomitant administration of simvastatin, 20 mg every 12 h for 4 days, starting on the night of day 3. Finally, cisapride was stopped and subjects received simvastatin (20 mg every 12 h) for four additional days. RESULTS Simvastatin administration caused a 14 +/- 20% increase in the AUC0-8 of cisapride. In contrast, plasma concentrations of simvastatin were unaltered by the coadministration of cisapride, whereas plasma concentrations of simvastatin acid, its active metabolite, were decreased by 33 +/- 24%. CONCLUSION The concomitant administration of the prokinetic agent cisapride and the 3-hydroxy-3-methylgluaryl CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin resulted in altered pharmacokinetics of both drugs. Increased plasma concentrations of cisapride suggest that some patients may be at risk of toxicity while receiving both drugs, whereas the decrease in simvastatin acid plasma concentrations suggests that cholesterol lowering effects of simvastatin treatment may be blunted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada
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Abstract
We have used a new sensitive and non-invasive method, measuring exhaled pentane production, to evaluate in vivo lipid peroxidation (LP) in rats treated i.p. with CdCl2. Pentane, a by-product of LP, was measured 2, 6, 12, 24, 72 h and 8, 15, 22 days after treatment. No increase in pentane production was detected at these time periods for cadmium (Cd) doses reported to increase malondialdehyde (MDA) in major organs such as liver and lungs. This suggests that Cd cannot induce LP in vivo, but a prooxidant state which fragilized the tissues. Cd could also cause changes either in the production or in the metabolism of LP by-products (e.g. pentane).
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ricard
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
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Rey I, Schweighoffer F, Barlat I, Camonis J, Boy-Marcotte E, Guilbaud R, Jacquet M, Tocque B. The COOH-domain of the product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCD25 gene elicits activation of p21-ras proteins in mammalian cells. Oncogene 1991; 6:347-9. [PMID: 2000228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The evidence presented here indicates that the domain containing the COOH-terminal part of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SCD25 gene product (C-domain), which is homologous to the COOH-terminal part of CDC25 protein, can elicit activation of mammalian ras proteins in CHO cells. Transfection of expression vectors carrying the C-domain of SCD25, but not of CDC25, promotes the GTP-bound form of ras proteins as determined by analysis of the guanine nucleotides bound to ras proteins immunoprecipitated by Y13-259 mAb, and enhances transcription of a HIV-LTR-CAT construct. This is the first demonstration of the activation of ras proteins by transfection of a single heterologous gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Rey
- CRVA/IBV, Rhone-Poulenc Sante, Vitry sur Seine, France
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9
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Jacquet M, Guilbaud R, Garreau H. Sequence analysis of the DdPYR5-6 gene coding for UMP synthase in Dictyostelium discoideum and comparison with orotate phosphoribosyl transferases and OMP decarboxylases. Mol Gen Genet 1988; 211:441-5. [PMID: 2835631 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A Dictyostelium discoideum DNA fragment that complements the ura3 and the ura5 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been sequenced. It contains an open reading frame of 478 codons capable of encoding a polypeptide of molecular weight 52475. This gene, named DdPYR5-6, encodes a bifunctional protein composed of the orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase) and the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (OMPdecase) domains described for UMP synthase in mammals. The existence of separate domains for the two activities was suspected because deletion of the N-terminal coding segment of the gene eliminated the ura5 but not the ura3 complementing activity. We have now confirmed that the two parts of the open reading frame share homology with known OPRTase and OMPdecase sequences. Several blocks of sequence are conserved among OPRTase from bacteria, fungi and slime mold and one of them corresponds to the consensus sequence for phosphoribosylbinding sites. The OMPdecase domain shows extensive similarity with the yeast and Neurospora crassa enzymes, suggesting that they have evolved from an ancestral gene which was fused to the OPRTase gene in D. discoideum. It is less related to the bacterial enzyme but all these sequences present conserved blocks of homology which could identify the active site. The codon usage is strongly biased in a manner similar to that found for other D. discoideum genes. The flanking DNA contains homopolymers of A and T and alternating sequences that are characteristic of the gene organization in D. discoideum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jacquet
- Laboratoires de Biologie Expérimentale, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
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