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Petersen BS, August D, Abt R, Alddafari M, Atarod L, Baris S, Bhavsar H, Brinkert F, Buchta M, Bulashevska A, Chee R, Cordeiro AI, Dara N, Dückers G, Elmarsafy A, Frede N, Galal N, Gerner P, Glocker EO, Goldacker S, Hammermann J, Hasselblatt P, Havlicekova Z, Hübscher K, Jesenak M, Karaca NE, Karakoc-Aydiner E, Kharaghani MM, Kilic SS, Kiykim A, Klein C, Klemann C, Kobbe R, Kotlarz D, Laass MW, Leahy TR, Mesdaghi M, Mitton S, Neves JF, Öztürk B, Pereira LF, Rohr J, Restrepo JLR, Ruzaike G, Saleh N, Seneviratne S, Senol E, Speckmann C, Tegtmeyer D, Thankam P, van der Werff Ten Bosch J, von Bernuth H, Zeissig S, Zeissig Y, Franke A, Grimbacher B. Targeted Gene Panel Sequencing for Early-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Diarrhea. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:2109-2120. [PMID: 28930861 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to adult-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), where many genetic loci have been shown to be involved in complex disease etiology, early-onset IBD (eoIBD) and associated syndromes can sometimes present as monogenic conditions. As a result, the clinical phenotype and ideal disease management in these patients often differ from those in adult-onset IBD. However, due to high costs and the complexity of data analysis, high-throughput screening for genetic causes has not yet become a standard part of the diagnostic work-up of eoIBD patients. METHODS We selected 28 genes of interest associated with monogenic IBD and performed targeted panel sequencing in 71 patients diagnosed with eoIBD or early-onset chronic diarrhea to detect causative variants. We compared these results to whole-exome sequencing (WES) data available for 25 of these patients. RESULTS Target coverage was significantly higher in the targeted gene panel approach compared with WES, whereas the cost of the panel was considerably lower (approximately 25% of WES). Disease-causing variants affecting protein function were identified in 5 patients (7%), located in genes of the IL10 signaling pathway (3), WAS (1), and DKC1 (1). The functional effects of 8 candidate variants in 5 additional patients (7%) are under further investigation. WES did not identify additional causative mutations in 25 patients. CONCLUSIONS Targeted gene panel sequencing is a fast and effective screening method for monogenic causes of eoIBD that should be routinely established in national referral centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt-Sabina Petersen
- 1Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany; 2Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), DZIF Satellite Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Germany; 3Paediatric Gastroenterology, Klinikum Nürnberg, Nuremberg, Germany; 4Laboratory of Applied Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Abou-Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria; 5Department of Pediatrics, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 6Clinic of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 7Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom; 8Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; 9Department of Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom; 10Primary Immunodeficiencies Unit, Hospital Dona Estefania, Pediatric University Hospital, and CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; 11Department of Pediatric Gasteroentrology and Hepatology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 12Helios Kliniken, Childrens Hospital, Krefeld, Germany; 13Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 14Paediatric Gastroenterology/Hepatology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 15Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 16Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 17Department of Medicine II, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; 18Department of Paediatrics, Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Commenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; 19Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey; 20Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 21Pediatric Immunology Division, Uludag University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Bursa, Turkey; 22Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany; 23Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; 24Center for Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; 25Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; 26Department of Immunology, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 27Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, St. George's Healthcare NHS Trust and University of London, London, United Kingdom; 28Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Marmara University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey; 29Service of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Immunology, San Pedro De Alcántara Hospital, Cáceres, Spain; 30Bone Marrow Failure Group, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg, Germany; 31Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany; 32University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom; 33Department of Paediatrics, St. George's Hospital, University of London, London, United Kingdom; 34Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; 35Pediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Department of Immunology, Charité University Medicine Labor Berlin Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany; 36Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; 37Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and 38Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Brandenburg Hospital, Brandenburg Medical School, Brandenburg/Havel, Germany
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Makatsori M, Kiani-Alikhan S, Manson AL, Verma N, Leandro M, Gurugama NP, Longhurst HJ, Grigoriadou S, Buckland M, Kanfer E, Hanson S, Ibrahim MAA, Grimbacher B, Chee R, Seneviratne SL. Hypogammaglobulinaemia after rituximab treatment-incidence and outcomes. QJM 2014; 107:821-8. [PMID: 24778295 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rituximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20, is increasingly used in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and autoimmune conditions. Transient peripheral B-cell depletion is expected following rituximab therapy. Although initial clinical trials did not show significant hypogammaglobulinaemia, reports of this are now appearing in the literature. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of patients previously treated with rituximab that were referred to Clinical Immunology with symptomatic or severe hypogammaglobulinaemia. Patient clinical histories, immunological markers, length of rituximab treatment and need for intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG) were evaluated. An audit of patients receiving rituximab for any condition in a 12-month period and frequency of hypogammaglobulinaemia was also carried out. RESULTS We identified 19 post-rituximab patients with persistent, symptomatic panhypogammaglobulinaemia. Mean IgG level was 3.42 ± 0.4 g/l (normal range 5.8-16.3 g/l). All patients had reduced or absent B-cells. Haemophilus Influenzae B, tetanus and Pneumococcal serotype-specific antibody levels were all reduced and patients failed to mount an immune response post-vaccination. Nearly all of them ultimately required IVIG. The mean interval from the last rituximab dose and need for IVIG was 36 months (range 7 months-7 years). Of note, 23.7% of 114 patients included in the audit had hypogammaglobulinaemia. CONCLUSION With the increasing use of rituximab, it is important for clinicians treating these patients to be aware of hypogammaglobulinaemia and serious infections occurring even years after completion of treatment and should be actively looked for during follow-up. Referral to clinical immunology services and, if indicated, initiation of IVIG should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Makatsori
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Kiani-Alikhan
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - A L Manson
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N Verma
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Leandro
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - N P Gurugama
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - H J Longhurst
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Grigoriadou
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Buckland
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - E Kanfer
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Hanson
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M A A Ibrahim
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - B Grimbacher
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Chee
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S L Seneviratne
- From the Allergy Department, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, UK, Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK, Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London, UK, King's College London, King's Health Partners, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School of Medicine, Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, Department of Immunological Medicine, London, UK, Department of Haematology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK and Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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