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Elder MJ, Webster SJ, Fitzmaurice TJ, Shaunak ASD, Steinmetz M, Chee R, Mallat Z, Cohen ES, Williams DL, Gaston JSH, Goodall JC. Dendritic Cell-Derived TSLP Negatively Regulates HIF-1α and IL-1β During Dectin-1 Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 10:921. [PMID: 31139177 PMCID: PMC6519317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a functionally pleotropic cytokine important in immune regulation, and TSLP dysregulation is associated with numerous diseases. TSLP is produced by many cell types, but has predominantly been characterized as a secreted factor from epithelial cells which activates dendritic cells (DC) that subsequently prime T helper (TH) 2 immunity. However, DC themselves make significant amounts of TSLP in response to microbial products, but the functional role of DC-derived TSLP remains unclear. We show that TSLPR signaling negatively regulates IL-1β production during dectin-1 stimulation of human DC. This regulatory mechanism functions by dampening Syk phosphorylation and is mediated via NADPH oxidase-derived ROS, HIF-1α and pro-IL-1β expression. Considering the profound effect TSLPR signaling has on the metabolic status and the secretome of dectin-1 stimulated DC, these data suggest that autocrine TSLPR signaling could have a fundamental role in modulating immunological effector responses at sites removed from epithelial cell production of TSLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Elder
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Early Oncology R&D Division, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steve J. Webster
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy J. Fitzmaurice
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Aran S. D. Shaunak
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Steinmetz
- Unit 970, INSERM, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France
| | - Ronnie Chee
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E. Suzanne Cohen
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, Center for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - J. S. Hill Gaston
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C. Goodall
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Jane C. Goodall
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Webster SJ, Ellis L, O'Brien LM, Tyrrell B, Fitzmaurice TJ, Elder MJ, Clare S, Chee R, Gaston JSH, Goodall JC. IRE1α mediates PKR activation in response to Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:472-83. [PMID: 27021640 PMCID: PMC4936793 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase RNA activated (PKR) is a crucial mediator of anti-viral responses but is reported to be activated by multiple non-viral stimuli. However, mechanisms underlying PKR activation, particularly in response to bacterial infection, remain poorly understood. We have investigated mechanisms of PKR activation in human primary monocyte-derived dendritic cells in response to infection by Chlamydia trachomatis. Infection resulted in potent activation of PKR that was dependent on TLR4 and MyD88 signalling. NADPH oxidase was dispensable for activation of PKR as cells from chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) patients, or mice that lack NADPH oxidase activity, had equivalent or elevated PKR activation. Significantly, stimulation of cells with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agents resulted in potent activation of PKR that was blocked by an inhibitor of IRE1α RNAse activity. Crucially, infection resulted in robust IRE1α RNAse activity that was dependent on TLR4 signalling and inhibition of IRE1α RNAse activity prevented PKR activation. Finally, we demonstrate that TLR4/IRE1α mediated PKR activation is required for the enhancement of interferon-β production following C. trachomatis infection. Thus, we provide evidence of a novel mechanism of PKR activation requiring ER stress signalling that occurs as a consequence of TLR4 stimulation during bacterial infection and contributes to inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve J Webster
- Rheumatology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Lou Ellis
- Rheumatology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise M O'Brien
- Rheumatology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Beatrice Tyrrell
- Rheumatology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Elder
- Rheumatology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ronnie Chee
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - J S Hill Gaston
- Rheumatology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane C Goodall
- Rheumatology Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, UK.
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Dear DV, Fitzmaurice TJ, Garton S, Richards SJ. Pilot study to determine the feasibility of producing protease-resistant prion protein fragments by random PCR mutagenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 281:929-35. [PMID: 11237750 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of a pilot study to determine the feasibility of using PCR random mutagenesis and in vitro transcription/translation to produce protease resistant full-length or truncated ovine prion proteins (PrP). Using this approach, we show the novel production of protease resistant recombinant ovine prion protein fragments isolated from a panel of seventy randomly mutated ovine PrP protein molecules. Protease resistance of the proteinase K (PK) digested fragments was present de novo within physiological conditions without the need for template-assisted conversion to protease resistance or the requirement of reductants, denaturants or acid pH reported to date. Four of the mutant proteins were truncated at their C-termini and all of these gave rise to digestion products which were protease resistant at significant PK concentrations and exposure times. All other mutant proteins translated as full length molecules and gave rise to PK-resistant products which showed a variability in their proteinase digestion profiles. We discuss the relevance of these finding to current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Dear
- Alzheimer's Disease and Prion Research Group, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom
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Abstract
We have used coupled and uncoupled in vitro transcription/translation to express rapidly aglycosyl ovine prion proteins from ovine genomic DNA genotyped for scrapie susceptible and nonsusceptible polymorphisms. Unlike previous in vitro studies of prion proteins, this method does not require cloning or laborious extractions. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ovine PrP expression at low (ng) levels under the control of an Escherichia coli promoter and ribosome binding site both coded for in the polymerase chain reaction primer. The rapidity of this approach could form the basis of a high throughput screening assay for PrP interactions, as proteins were expressed in a matter of hours from genomic DNA as the starting material. There was no difference observed in proteinase K sensitivity between prion translation products containing either scrapie susceptible or nonsusceptible polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Dear
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK.
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