1
|
Ong MF, Soh KL, Saimon R, Saidi HI, Tiong IK, Myint WW, Mortell M, Japar S. Predictors of fall protection motivation among older adults in rural communities in a middle-income country: A cross-sectional study using the Protection Motivation Theory. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38606809 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate factors associated with fall protection motivation to engage in fall preventive behaviour among rural community-dwelling older adults aged 55 and above using the protection motivation theory scale. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS The study was conducted in a healthcare clinic in Malaysia, using multistage random sampling from November 2021 to January 2022. Three hundred seventy-five older adults aged 55 and older were included in the final analysis. There were 31 items in the final PMT scale. The analysis was performed within the whole population and grouped into 'faller' and 'non-faller', employing IBM SPSS version 26.0 for descriptive, independent t-test, chi-square, bivariate correlation and linear regressions. RESULTS A total of 375 older participants were included in the study. Fallers (n = 82) and non-fallers (n = 293) show statistically significant differences in the characteristics of ethnicity, assistive device users, self-rating of intention and participation in previous fall prevention programmes. The multiple linear regression model revealed fear, coping appraisal and an interaction effect of fear with coping appraisal predicting fall protection motivation among older adults in rural communities. CONCLUSION Findings from this study demonstrated that coping appraisal and fear predict the protection motivation of older adults in rural communities. Older adults without a history of falls and attaining higher education had better responses in coping appraisal, contributing to a reduction in perceived rewards and improving protection motivation. Conversely, older adults from lower education backgrounds tend to have higher non-preventive behaviours, leading to a decline in fall protection motivation. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE These results contribute important information to nurses working with older adults with inadequate health literacy in rural communities, especially when planning and designing fall prevention interventions. The findings would benefit all nurses, healthcare providers, researchers and academicians who provide care for older adults. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Participants were briefed about the study, and their consent was obtained. They were only required to answer the questionnaire through interviews. Older individuals aged fifty-five and above in rural communities at the healthcare clinic who could read, write or understand Malay or English were included. Those who were suffering from mental health problems and refused to participate in the study were excluded from the study. Their personal information remained classified and not recorded in the database during the data entry or analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fong Ong
- Department of Nursing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Nursing, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kim Lam Soh
- Department of Nursing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosalia Saimon
- Community Medicine and Public Health, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hasni Idayu Saidi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ing Khieng Tiong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wai Wai Myint
- Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | | | - Salimah Japar
- Department of Nursing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ong MF, Soh KL, Saimon R, Tiong IK, Saidi HI, Mortell M. Psychometric evaluation of the Protection Motivation Theory scale in assessing fall protection motivation among older adults to reduce fall risk. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:703. [PMID: 37904086 PMCID: PMC10617071 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection Motivation Theory could be another potential and good framework that addresses essential elements in a behavioural change leading to positive fall protective behaviours. The positive behavioural change could reduce the risk of falls and improve the quality of life of the older community. The study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the culturally adapted Protection Motivation Theory scale for older adults' fall protection motivation or protective behaviours to reduce fall risk. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to establish a psychometric instrument validation. A total of 389 participants aged 55 years and above were included. The study was conducted in Sarawak, Malaysia, from November 2021 to January 2022 in two phases, translation of the PMT Scale, cross-cultural adaptation, face validation and pre-testing of the PMT Scale. The participants were selected using multistage random sampling in a primary healthcare clinic. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS version 26 for exploratory factor analysis and SmartPLS version 3.3.7 for confirmatory factor analysis using partial least square structural equation modelling. RESULTS The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin value was 0.760, Bartlett's sphericity test was significant and the total variance explained was 61%. It identified 31 items within eight dimensions of the Protection Motivation Theory scale. The Higher Order Constructs' measurement model indicates that the convergent and discriminant validity were established (Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability: ≥ 0.740; average variance extracted: 0.619 to 0.935 and Henseler's Heterotrait-Monotrait criterion for all constructs' discriminant validity: < 0.9). Test-retest for the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.745. The model's coefficient of determination demonstrated R2 = 0.375. CONCLUSION Overall, the Protection Motivation Theory Scale has established its reliability and validity for assisting older adults in the community. The Protection Motivation Theory Scale could be used in fall prevention interventions by promoting fall protective behaviours to reduce fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. The scale could assist healthcare providers in assessing the intention of older adults to use fall protective behaviours to reduce fall risk and serve as an alternative reference in developing fall prevention education in a fall prevention strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fong Ong
- Department of Nursing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
- Department of Nursing, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia.
| | - Kim Lam Soh
- Department of Nursing, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia.
| | - Rosalia Saimon
- Community Medicine and Public Health, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Ing Khieng Tiong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Sarawak Heart Centre/Sarawak General Hospital (Ministry of Health Malaysia), Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, 94300, Malaysia
| | - Hasni Idayu Saidi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen YY, Bakar SMA, Saimon R, Safii R. The Use of Online-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (e-ACT) to Improve the Psychological Wellbeing among University Students. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2022.2134073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Yong Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Universiti Malaysia, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Meriyam A Bakar
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Rosalia Saimon
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| | - Razitasham Safii
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ong MF, Soh KL, Saimon R, Myint WW, Pawi S, Saidi HI. Falls risk screening tools intended to reduce fall risk among independent community‐dwelling older adults: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Pract 2022:e13083. [PMID: 35871775 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to evaluate an evidence-based fall risk screening tool to predict the risk of falls suitable for independent community-dwelling older adults guided by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO-ICF) components, and to examine the reliability and validity of the fall risk screening tool to predict fall risks, and to examine the feasibility of tools among independent community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A systematic literature search guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was performed using the EBSCOHost® platform, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar between July and August 2021. Studies from January 2010 to January 2021 were eligible for review. Nine articles were eligible and included in this systematic review. The risk of bias assessment used the National Institutes of Health quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. The WHO-ICF helped to guide the categorization of fall risk factors. RESULTS Seven screening tools adequately predicted fall risk among community-dwelling older adults. Six screening tools covered most of the components of the WHO-ICF, and three screening tools omitted the environmental factors. The modified 18-item Stay Independent Brochure demonstrated most of the predictive values in predicting fall risk. All tools are brief and easy to use in community or outpatient settings. CONCLUSION The review explores the literature evaluating fall risk screening tools for nurses and other healthcare providers to assess fall risk among independent community-dwelling older adults. A fall risk screening tool consisting of risk factors alone might be able to predict fall risk. However, further refinements and validations of the tools before use are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fong Ong
- Department of Nursing Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
- Department of Nursing Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Kim Lam Soh
- Department of Nursing Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Rosalia Saimon
- Community Medicine and Public Health Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Wai Wai Myint
- Medicine and Rehabilitation Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Saloma Pawi
- Department of Nursing Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Hasni Idayu Saidi
- Department of Biomedical Science Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ong MF, Soh KL, Saimon R, Wai MW, Mortell M, Soh KG. Fall prevention education to reduce fall risk among community-dwelling older persons: A systematic review. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29:2674-2688. [PMID: 34331491 PMCID: PMC9291009 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review aims to identify types of the existing fall prevention education (FPE) and their effectiveness in promoting fall risk awareness, knowledge and preventive fall behaviour change among community-dwelling older people. BACKGROUND FPE is a cost-effective and helpful tool for reducing fall occurrences. EVALUATION This is a systematic review study using electronic searches via EBSCOHost® platform, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar in March 2021. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021232102). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement flow chart guided the search strategy. Articles published from January 2010 to March 2021 were included for quality appraisal using the 'Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-randomised Designs' (TREND) and the 'Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials' (CONSORT) statement for randomised controlled trial studies. KEY ISSUES Six FPE studies selected emphasised on personal health status, exercise and environmental risk factors. These studies reported an increase in fall risk awareness or knowledge and a positive change in fall preventive behaviours. Two studies included nurses as educators in FPE. CONCLUSION FPE evidently improved awareness or knowledge and preventive fall behaviour change among older adults. Nurses are in great potential in planning and providing FPE for older adults in community settings. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Expand nurses' roles in fall prevention programmes in community settings by using high-quality and evidence-based educational tools. Highlight the nurse's role and collaborative management in FPE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Fong Ong
- Department of NursingUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
- Department of NursingUniversiti Malaysia SarawakKuchingMalaysia
| | - Kim Lam Soh
- Department of NursingUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
| | - Rosalia Saimon
- Community Medicine and Public HealthUniversiti Malaysia SarawakKuchingMalaysia
| | - Myint Wai Wai
- Rehabilitation MedicineUniversiti Malaysia SarawakKuchingMalaysia
| | - Manfred Mortell
- Department of NursingUniversiti Malaysia SarawakKuchingMalaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sport Studies, Faculty of Educational StudiesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdangMalaysia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ismail MF, Safii R, Saimon R, Rahman MM. Quality of Life Among Malaysian Parents with Autism Spectrum Disorder Child: The Double ABCX Model Approach. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:113-123. [PMID: 33635421 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper reported the quality of life (QoL) of 260 Malaysian parents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and factors which influencing it. About half of these parents reported to having good QoL. The factors identified in the double ABCX model showed that perceived social support and sense of coherence (SOC) were mediated by coping strategies and had a positive direct and indirect effect on parents' QoL. These finding reiterate the importance of social support, coping skills, and strong SOC reflection skills in influencing the QoL of parents with ASD child. We therefore suggest parents to utilize the widely available social and organization supports to gain good QoL, which is also important for the wellbeing of their child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fahmi Ismail
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Razitasham Safii
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Rosalia Saimon
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Md Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ting SL, Saimon R, Rahman MM, Safii R, Ho SL, John N, Lim LT, Arsad N. Factors predicting screen time related to physical and behavioural complaints in primary school children. Med J Malaysia 2020; 75:649-654. [PMID: 33219172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Physical and behavioural problems from extended usage of electronic devices are issues among primary school children. This study is aimed to investigate the prevalence of physical and behavioural complaints arising from the electronic device usage and to identify the potential factors that predicted the complaints. METHODS This was a primary school-based cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling, conducted at Bau district in Sarawak, Malaysia in 40 primary schools. A questionnaire was used to collect information of usage pattern in insufficient lighting, timing and position. The physical and behavioural complaints were traced. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. A p-value < 0.05 with 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS About 52.8% of the 569 students used digital devices in a bright room, 69.8% in the day time and 54.4% in sitting position. The physical complaints were headache (32.9%), neck, shoulder and back pain (32.9%) followed by by eye strain (31.8%). Regarding behavioural problems, 25.7% of the students had loss of interest in study and outdoor activities (20.7%), skipped meals (19.0%) and arguments/disagreements with parents (17.9%). After logistic regression analysis, the lying position (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.096, 2.688) and darkroom lighting (OR=2.323 95% CI: 1.138, 4.744) appeared to be potential predictors of the complaint. CONCLUSION One-quarter of the students studied experienced physical complaints, and one-fifth had behavioural problems associated with the use of electronic devices. Lying position and darkroom lighting are the potential predictors of complaints. Therefore, we suggest that the children should use electronic devices in the sitting position with adequate room lighting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Ting
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - R Saimon
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - M M Rahman
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - R Safii
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - S L Ho
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - N John
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - L T Lim
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - N Arsad
- Sarawak General Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Puthiaparampil T, Rahman MM, Gudum HR, Brohi IB, Lim IF, Saimon R. How to grade items for a question bank and rank tests based on student performance. MedEdPublish 2020. [DOI: 10.15694/mep.2020.000260.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
9
|
Saimon R, Choo WY, Chang KH, Ng CJ, Bulgiba A. Physical Activity Among Adolescents in an East Malaysian Rural Indigenous Community: Exploring the Influence of Neighborhood Environmental Factors. Asia Pac J Public Health 2015; 27:33S-40S. [PMID: 25900978 DOI: 10.1177/1010539515582220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the rural environmental factors that influence adolescents' participation in physical activities (PA). Thirty-six indigenous adolescents, aged 13 to 17 years from rural communities of East Malaysia were involved in the photovoice procedures: photo-taking, selecting, contextualizing, and codifying themes. Despite being endowed with natural resources such as river, forest, hills, and so on, the adolescents and the community did not capitalize on these rich resources to promote and engage in PA. Poor maintenance of natural resources, the lack of pedestrian infrastructures and road safety, the lack of PA facilities, and negative perception of ancestors' agricultural activities were among factors that constrained adolescents' PA. Although basic amenities such as play spaces and pedestrian infrastructures are necessary to increase adolescents' PA, any intervention should make the most of the natural resources, which are cheaper, environment friendly, and sustainable.
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Understanding the factors influencing physical activity (PA) in the Asia-Pacific region is critical, given the high prevalence of inactivity in this area. The photovoice technique explores the types of PA and factors influencing PA among adolescents in Kuching, Sarawak. A total of 160 photographs were collected from participants (adolescents, n = 22, mean age = 14.27 ± 0.7 years, and parents, n = 8, mean age = 48 ± 6.8 years). Data analysis used constant comparison methods of a grounded theory. The Analysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity was used to categorize PA factors. Study findings were centered on the concept of safety, facilities, parental restriction, friends, cultural traits, media, community cohesiveness, and weather. The central theme was “feeling unsafe” when being outdoors. To promote PA behavior, provision of PA facilities needs to be supported by other programs that build on peer support, crime prevention, and traffic safety, together with other educational campaigns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Saimon
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yuen Choo
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Awang Bulgiba
- Julius Centre University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|