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Mòdol-Caballero G, Herrando-Grabulosa M, Verdés S, García-Lareu B, Hernández N, Francos-Quijorna I, López-Vales R, Bosch A, Navarro X. Gene Therapy Overexpressing Neuregulin 1 Type I in Combination With Neuregulin 1 Type III Promotes Functional Improvement in the SOD1 G93A ALS Mice. Front Neurol 2021; 12:693309. [PMID: 34630277 PMCID: PMC8492910 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.693309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting the neuromuscular system for which currently there is no effective therapy. Motoneuron (MN) degeneration involves several complex mechanisms, including surrounding glial cells and skeletal muscle contributions. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a trophic factor present particularly in MNs and neuromuscular junctions. Our previous studies revealed that gene therapy overexpressing the isoform I (NRG1-I) in skeletal muscles as well as overexpressing the isoform III (NRG1-III) directly in the central nervous system are both effective in preserving MNs in the spinal cord of ALS mice, opening novel therapeutic approaches. In this study, we combined administration of both viral vectors overexpressing NRG1-I in skeletal muscles and NRG1-III in spinal cord of the SOD1G93A mice in order to obtain a synergistic effect. The results showed that the combinatorial gene therapy increased preservation of MNs and of innervated neuromuscular junctions and reduced glial reactivity in the spinal cord of the treated SOD1G93A mice. Moreover, NRG1 isoforms overexpression improved motor function of hindlimb muscles and delayed the onset of clinical disease. However, this combinatory gene therapy did not produce a synergic effect compared with single therapies, suggesting an overlap between NRG1-I and NRG1-III activated pathways and their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Mòdol-Caballero
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Verdés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat Mixta UAB-VHIR, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Belén García-Lareu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isaac Francos-Quijorna
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Assumpció Bosch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Unitat Mixta UAB-VHIR, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
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Hernández J, Francos-Quijorna I, Redondo-Castro E, López-Vales R, Navarro X. Microglia Stimulation by Protein Extract of Injured Rat Spinal Cord. A Novel In vitro Model for Studying Activated Microglia. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:582497. [PMID: 34093123 PMCID: PMC8176957 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.582497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on microglia has established the differentiation between the so-called M1 and M2 phenotypes. However, new frameworks have been proposed attempting to discern between meaningful microglia profiles. We have set up an in vitro microglial activation model by adding an injured spinal cord (SCI) lysate to microglial cultures, obtained from postnatal rats, in order to mimic the environment of the spinal cord after injury. We found that under the presence of the SCI lysate microglial cells changed their phenotype, developing less ramified but longer processes, and proliferated. The SCI lysate also led to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, downregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-4, and a biphasic profile of iNOS. In addition, a latex beads phagocytosis assay revealed the SCI lysate stimulated the phagocytic capacity of microglia. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that microglial cells showed a pro-inflammatory profile in the presence of SCI lysate. Finally, characterization of the microglial activation in the spinal cord on day 7 after contusion injury, we showed that these cells have a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Overall, these results indicate that the use of SCI lysates could be a useful tool to skew microglia towards a closer phenotype to that observed after the spinal cord contusion injury than the use of LPS or IFNγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Hernández
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Isaac Francos-Quijorna
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Elena Redondo-Castro
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Red de Terapia Celular (TerCel), Bellaterra, Spain
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David S, López-Vales R. Bioactive Lipid Mediators in the Initiation and Resolution of Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury. Neuroscience 2021; 466:273-297. [PMID: 33951502 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of the response to CNS trauma. It is also an important hallmark of various neurodegenerative diseases in which inflammation contributes to the progression of pathology. Inflammation in the CNS can contribute to secondary damage and is therefore an excellent therapeutic target for a range of neurological conditions. Inflammation in the nervous system is complex and varies in its fine details in different conditions. It involves a wide variety of secreted factors such as chemokines and cytokines, cell adhesion molecules, and different cell types that include resident cell of the CNS, as well as immune cells recruited from the peripheral circulation. Added to this complexity is the fact that some aspects of inflammation are beneficial, while other aspects can induce secondary damage in the acute, subacute and chronic phases. Understanding these aspects of the inflammatory profile is essential for developing effective therapies. Bioactive lipids constitute a large group of molecules that modulate the initiation and the resolution of inflammation. Dysregulation of these bioactive lipid pathways can lead to excessive acute inflammation, and failure to resolve this by specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators can lead to the development of chronic inflammation. The focus of this review is to discuss the effects of bioactive lipids in spinal cord trauma and their potential for therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada.
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Departament de Biologia Cellular, Fisiologia i Inmunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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Mòdol-Caballero G, García-Lareu B, Herrando-Grabulosa M, Verdés S, López-Vales R, Pagès G, Chillón M, Navarro X, Bosch A. Specific Expression of Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Muscles as Gene Therapy Strategy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18:1113-1126. [PMID: 33786805 PMCID: PMC8423878 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01025-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a powerful neuroprotective growth factor. However, systemic or intrathecal administration of GDNF is associated with side effects. Here, we aimed to avoid this by restricting the transgene expression to the skeletal muscle by gene therapy. To specifically target most skeletal muscles in the mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), SOD1G93A transgenic mice were intravenously injected with adeno-associated vectors coding for GDNF under the control of the desmin promoter. Treated and control SOD1G93A mice were evaluated by rotarod and nerve conduction tests from 8 to 20 weeks of age, and then histological and molecular analyses were performed. Muscle-specific GDNF expression delayed the progression of the disease in SOD1G93A female and male mice by preserving the neuromuscular function; increasing the number of innervated neuromuscular junctions, the survival of spinal motoneurons; and reducing glial reactivity in treated SOD1G93A mice. These beneficial actions are attributed to a paracrine protective mechanism from the muscle to the motoneurons by GDNF. Importantly, no adverse secondary effects were detected. These results highlight the potential of muscle GDNF-targeted expression for ALS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Mòdol-Caballero
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén García-Lareu
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Herrando-Grabulosa
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergi Verdés
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta UAB-VHIR, Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Pagès
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Chillón
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat Mixta UAB-VHIR, Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Department Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Assumpció Bosch
- Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Unitat Mixta UAB-VHIR, Vall D'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
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González-Gil I, Zian D, Vázquez-Villa H, Hernández-Torres G, Martínez RF, Khiar-Fernández N, Rivera R, Kihara Y, Devesa I, Mathivanan S, Del Valle CR, Zambrana-Infantes E, Puigdomenech M, Cincilla G, Sanchez-Martinez M, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Ferrer-Montiel AV, Chun J, López-Vales R, López-Rodríguez ML, Ortega-Gutiérrez S. A Novel Agonist of the Type 1 Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor (LPA 1), UCM-05194, Shows Efficacy in Neuropathic Pain Amelioration. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2372-2390. [PMID: 31790581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex chronic pain state with a prevalence of almost 10% in the general population. Pharmacological options for NP are limited and weakly effective, so there is a need to develop more efficacious NP attenuating drugs. Activation of the type 1 lysophosphatidic acid (LPA1) receptor is a crucial factor in the initiation of NP. Hence, it is conceivable that a functional antagonism strategy could lead to NP mitigation. Here we describe a new series of LPA1 agonists among which derivative (S)-17 (UCM-05194) stands out as the most potent and selective LPA1 receptor agonist described so far (Emax = 118%, EC50 = 0.24 μM, KD = 19.6 nM; inactive at autotaxin and LPA2-6 receptors). This compound induces characteristic LPA1-mediated cellular effects and prompts the internalization of the receptor leading to its functional inactivation in primary sensory neurons and to an efficacious attenuation of the pain perception in an in vivo model of NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés González-Gil
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Debora Zian
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Henar Vázquez-Villa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Hernández-Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Fernando Martínez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Khiar-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Richard Rivera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Isabel Devesa
- IDiBE, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, E-03202 Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Rosell Del Valle
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Emma Zambrana-Infantes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - María Puigdomenech
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Cincilla
- Molomics, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri i Reixac 4-8, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, UGC Salud Mental, Universidad de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Regional de Málaga, E-29010 Málaga, Spain.,Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, E-28223 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Rubén López-Vales
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Institut de Neurociències, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María L López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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David S, Kroner A, Greenhalgh AD, Zarruk JG, López-Vales R. Myeloid cell responses after spinal cord injury. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 321:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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García-Alías G, Valero-Cabré A, López-Vales R, Forés J, Verdú E, Navarro X. Differential motor and electrophysiological outcome in rats with mid-thoracic or high lumbar incomplete spinal cord injuries. Brain Res 2006; 1108:195-204. [PMID: 16859653 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2006] [Revised: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the motor changes in rats subjected to a moderate photochemical injury on mid-thoracic (T8) or high lumbar (L2) spinal cord segments. Fourteen days after surgery, L2 injured animals presented gross locomotor deficits (scored 10+/-2.8 in the BBB scale), decreased amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded on tibialis anterior (TA) and plantar (PL) muscles (24% and 6% of the preoperative mean values, respectively), reduced M wave amplitudes (75%, 62%), and also facilitated monosynaptic reflexes evidenced by an increase of the H/M amplitude ratio (158% and 563%). On the other hand, T8 injured animals had only slight deficits in locomotion (18+/-0.6 in the BBB scale), a minimal reduction in MEP amplitudes (78% and 71% in TA and PL muscles), normal M wave amplitudes, and a milder increase of the H/M ratio in the TA muscle (191%) but less pronounced in the PL muscle (172%). The percentage of spared tissue at the site of injury was similar in both experimental groups (L2: 79% and T8: 82%). Taken together, these results indicate that lumbar spinal injuries have more severe consequences on hindlimb motor output than injuries exerted on thoracic segments. The causes of this anatomical difference may be attributed to damage inflicted on the central pattern generator of locomotion resulting in dysfunction of lumbar motoneurons and altered spinal reflexes modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo García-Alías
- Neuroplasticity and Regeneration Group, Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
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García-Alías G, López-Vales R, Verdú E, Navarro X, Suso S, Forés J. El trasplante de células de la glía envolvente del bulbo olfatorio tras lesión de la médula espinal: Estudio experimental en ratas. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1888-4415(05)76320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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López-Vales R, García-Alías G, Forés J, Navarro X, Verdú E. Increased Expression of Cyclo-Oxygenase 2 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Lesioned Spinal Cord by Transplanted Olfactory Ensheathing Cells. J Neurotrauma 2004; 21:1031-43. [PMID: 15319002 DOI: 10.1089/0897715041651105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) were transplanted in adult rats after photochemical injury of the spinal cord. Rats received either 180,000 OECs suspended in DMEM or DMEM alone. Locomotor ability scored by the BBB-scale, pain sensibility, and motor and somatosensory evoked potentials were evaluated during the first 14 days post-surgery. At 3, 7, and 14 days, 5 rats per day of both groups were perfused and transverse sections from proximal, lesioned and distal spinal cord blocks were stained for COX-2, VEGF, GFAP and lectin. The BBB-score and the amplitude of motor and somatosensory evoked potentials were significantly higher in OEC- than in DMEM-injected animals throughout follow-up, whereas the withdrawal latency to heat noxious stimulus was lower in OEC- than in DMEM-injected rats. The area of preserved spinal cord and the levels of COX-2 and VEGF staining were significantly higher in OEC- than in DMEM-injected rats. GFAP- but no LEC-positive cells expressed COX-2 staining in OEC-transplanted rats. The density of blood vessels was also significantly increased in OEC- with respect to DMEM-injected rats. Our results show that OECs promote functional and morphological preservation of the spinal cord after photochemical injury, increasing neoangiogenesis and up-regulation of COX-2 and VEGF expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén López-Vales
- Neuroplasticity and Regeneration Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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García-Alías G, López-Vales R, Forés J, Navarro X, Verdú E. Acute transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells or Schwann cells promotes recovery after spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurosci Res 2004; 75:632-41. [PMID: 14991839 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We compared the neurological and electrophysiological outcome, glial reactivity, and spared spinal cord connectivity promoted by acute transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (group OEC) or Schwann cells (group SC) after a mild injury to the rat spinal cord. Animals were subjected to a photochemical injury of 2.5 min irradiation at the T8 spinal cord segment. After lesion, a suspension containing 180,000 OECs or SCs was injected. A control group (group DM) received the vehicle alone. During 3 months postsurgery, behavioral skills were assessed with open field-BBB scale, inclined plane, and thermal algesimetry tests. Motor (MEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were performed to evaluate the integrity of spinal cord pathways, whereas lumbar spinal reflexes were evaluated by the H reflex responses. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and proteoglycan expressions were quantified immunohistochemically at the injured spinal segments, and the preservation of corticospinal and raphespinal tracts caudal to the lesion was evaluated. Both OEC- and SC-transplanted groups showed significantly better results in all the behavioral tests than the DM group. Furthermore, the OEC group had higher MEP amplitudes and lower H responses than the other two groups. At the injury site, the area of spared parenchyma was greater in transplanted than in control injured rats. OEC-transplanted animals had reduced astrocytic reactivity and proteoglycan expression in comparison with SC-transplanted and DM rats. Taken together, these results indicate that transplantation of both OEC and SC has potential for restoration of injured spinal cords. OEC grafts showed superior ability to reduce glial reactivity and to improve functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo García-Alías
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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