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Dalle Molle R, de Mendonça Filho EJ, Minuzzi L, Machado TD, Reis RS, Rodrigues DM, Mucellini AB, Franco AR, Buchweitz A, Toazza R, Bortoluzzi A, Salum GA, Boscenco S, Meaney MJ, Levitan RD, Manfro GG, Silveira PP. Thrifty-Eating Behavior Phenotype at the Food Court - Programming Goes Beyond Food Preferences. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:882532. [PMID: 35677721 PMCID: PMC9168906 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.882532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prenatal growth impairment leads to higher preference for palatable foods in comparison to normal prenatal growth subjects, which can contribute to increased body fat mass and a higher risk for developing chronic diseases in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) individuals throughout life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of SGA on feeding behavior in children and adolescents, as well as resting-state connectivity between areas related to reward, self-control, and value determination, such as orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DL-PFC), amygdala and dorsal striatum (DS). METHODS Caregivers and their offspring were recruited from two independent cohorts in Brazil (PROTAIA) and Canada (MAVAN). Both cohorts included anthropometric measurements, food choice tasks, and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. RESULTS In the Brazilian sample (17 ± 0.28 years, n=70), 21.4% of adolescents were classified as SGA. They exhibited lower monetary-related expenditure to buy a snack compared to controls in the food choice test. Decreased functional connectivity (n=40) between left OFC and left DL-PFC; and between right OFC and: left amygdala, right DS, and left DS were observed in the Brazilian SGA participants. Canadian SGA participants (14.9%) had non-significant differences in comparison with controls in a food choice task at 4 years old ( ± 0.01, n=315). At a follow-up brain scan visit (10.21 ± 0.140 years, n=49), SGA participants (28.6%) exhibited higher connectivity between the left OFC and left DL-PFC, also higher connectivity between the left OFC and right DL-PFC. We did not observe significant anthropometric neither nutrients' intake differences between groups in both samples. CONCLUSIONS Resting-state fMRI results showed that SGA individuals had altered connectivity between areas involved in encoding the subjective value for available goods and decision-making in both samples, which can pose them in disadvantage when facing food options daily. Over the years, the cumulative exposure to particular food cues together with the altered behavior towards food, such as food purchasing, as seen in the adolescent cohort, can play a role in the long-term risk for developing chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Dalle Molle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tania Diniz Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sena Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Brondani Mucellini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Augusto Buchweitz
- Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Faculdade de Letras, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras, Linguística, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bortoluzzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sonia Boscenco
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Robert D. Levitan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Patricia Pelufo Silveira,
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Bassôa A, Costa AC, Toazza R, Buchweitz A. Scale for developmental dyslexia screening: evidence of validity and reliability. Codas 2021; 33:e20200042. [PMID: 33978107 DOI: 10.1590/2317-1782/20202020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the empirical validity and reliability of a screener for risk of developmental dyslexia (DD) by elementary school teachers. METHODS The scale was tested with 12 teachers who answered questions about their students (95 students total, all in the third year of elementary school); the students, in turn, performed reading and writing tasks which were used to investigate the association between screening scores and performance. The following analyses were carried out: (1) factor analysis; (2) internal consistency; (3) relationship between each scale item and the construct of interest, as measured by item response theory (IRT); (4) correlation of each scale item with external variables (reading and writing tests); and (5) the temporal stability of teachers' evaluations. RESULTS The analyses showed: (1) one factor was extracted; (2) strong internal consistency - the items in the scale are good indicators for screening of this construct; (3) items were monotonic (IRT), i.e., item variability is associated with one construct; (4) moderate Spearman correlation (11/17 items); (5) temporal stability - the result of screening did not vary over time. CONCLUSION This study shows evidence of validity and reliability of the proposed scale in its intended use of screening for developmental dyslexia. The percentage of children at risk for developmental dyslexia, according to the scale, was approximately 9%, which is in agreement with the international literature on the prevalence of dyslexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bassôa
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Ciências de Saúde, Neurociências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| | - Adriana C Costa
- Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul - InsCer - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul - InsCer - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
| | - Augusto Buchweitz
- Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontífícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS - Porto Alegre (RS), Brasil
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Sbicigo JB, Toazza R, Becker N, Ecker K, Manfro GG, Salles JFD. Memory and language impairments are associated with anxiety disorder severity in childhood. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2020; 42:161-170. [PMID: 32696887 DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Children with anxiety disorders have been suggested to possess deficits in verbal fluency, shifting and attention, with inconsistent results regarding working memory and its subcomponents. This study extends previous findings by analyzing the performance of children with anxiety disorders in a wide range of neuropsychological functions. Methods We evaluated 54 children with a primary diagnosis of an anxiety disorder according to diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) using subtests of a neuropsychological battery. The severity of anxiety disorders was assessed using the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS). We calculated the frequency of neuropsychological impairments (-1.5 standard deviation of the normative sample). Comparisons between groups were performed based on the severity of anxiety symptoms, as well as in the presence of one vs. more diagnoses of anxiety disorder. Results We found higher impairment in visuospatial working memory (23.1%), semantic memory (27.8%), oral language (35.4%) and word writing (44.4%) in anxious children. Moreover, children with higher anxiety severity presented lower performance in visuospatial working memory, inferential processing, word reading, writing comprehension, copied writing, and semantic verbal fluency (d = 0.49 to 0.96 [Cohen's d]). The higher the number of anxiety diagnoses, the lower the performance in episodic memory and oral and written language (d = 0.56 to 0.77). Conclusion Our data suggested the presence of memory (visuospatial working memory and semantic memory) and language deficits (oral and writing) in some children with an anxiety disorder. Severity and number of anxiety diagnoses were associated with lower performance in memory and language domains in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana B Sbicigo
- Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade na Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natália Becker
- Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kimberly Ecker
- Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade na Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele G Manfro
- Programa de Transtornos de Ansiedade na Infância e Adolescência, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jerusa F de Salles
- Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Salum GA, Petersen CS, Jarros RB, Toazza R, DeSousa D, Borba LN, Castro S, Gallegos J, Barrett P, Abend R, Bar-Haim Y, Pine DS, Koller SH, Manfro GG. Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Attention Bias Modification for Childhood Anxiety Disorders: A Factorial Randomized Trial of Efficacy. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2018; 28:620-630. [PMID: 29969293 PMCID: PMC6421990 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to assess group differences in symptom reduction between individuals receiving group cognitive behavioral therapy (G-CBT) and attention bias modification (ABM) compared to their respective control interventions, control therapy (CT), and attention control training (ACT), in a 2 × 2 factorial design. METHODS A total of 310 treatment-naive children (7-11 years of age) were assessed for eligibility and 79 children with generalized, separation or social anxiety disorder were randomized and received G-CBT (n = 42) or CT (n = 37). Within each psychotherapy group, participants were again randomized to ABM (n = 38) or ACT (n = 41) in a 2 × 2 factorial design resulting in four groups: G-CBT + ABM (n = 21), G-CBT + ACT (n = 21), CT + ABM (n = 17), and CT + ACT (n = 20). Primary outcomes were responder designation as defined by Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale (≤2) and change on the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS). RESULTS There were significant improvements of symptoms in all groups. No differences in response rates or mean differences in PARS scores were found among groups: G-CBT + ABM group (23.8% response; 3.9 points, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.3 to 8.1), G-CBT + ACT (42.9% response; 5.6 points, 95% CI 2.2-9.0), CT + ABM (47.1% response; 4.8 points 95% CI 1.08-8.57), and CT + ACT (30% response; 0.8 points, 95% CI -3.0 to 4.7). No evidence or synergic or antagonistic effects were found, but the combination of G-CBT and ABM was found to increase dropout rate. CONCLUSIONS We found no effect of G-CBT or ABM beyond the effects of comparison groups. Results reveal no benefit from combining G-CBT and ABM for anxiety disorders in children and suggest potential deleterious effects of the combination on treatment acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A. Salum
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Address correspondence to: Giovanni A. Salum, MD, PhD Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos, 2350-room 2202, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Circe S. Petersen
- Center of Psychological Studies on at Risk Populations, Institute of Psychology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafaela B. Jarros
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Diogo DeSousa
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Center of Psychological Studies on at Risk Populations, Institute of Psychology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Nunes Borba
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stela Castro
- Institute of Mathematics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia Gallegos
- Department of Psychology, University of Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Paula Barrett
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Education, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rany Abend
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Emotion and Development Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Silvia H. Koller
- Center of Psychological Studies on at Risk Populations, Institute of Psychology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gisele G. Manfro
- Child and Adolescent Anxiety Program, Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Buchweitz A, Costa AC, Toazza R, de Moraes AB, Cara VM, Esper NB, Aguzzoli C, Gregolim B, Dresch LF, Soldatelli MD, da Costa JC, Portuguez MW, Franco AR. Decoupling of the Occipitotemporal Cortex and the Brain’s Default-Mode Network in Dyslexia and a Role for the Cingulate Cortex in Good Readers: A Brain Imaging Study of Brazilian Children. Dev Neuropsychol 2018; 44:146-157. [DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2017.1292516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Buchweitz
- School of Humanities, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Corrêa Costa
- School of Humanities, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- Graduate School of Neurosciences, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Bassôa de Moraes
- Graduate School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Valentina Metsavaht Cara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Nathália Bianchini Esper
- Graduate School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- School of Engineering, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Aguzzoli
- School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gregolim
- School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Dresch
- School of Engineering, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dorigatti Soldatelli
- School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jaderson Costa da Costa
- School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mirna Wetters Portuguez
- School of Medicine, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- School of Engineering, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BRAINS), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Jarros RB, Salum GA, Silva CTBD, Toazza R, Becker N, Agranonik M, Salles JFD, Manfro GG. Attention, memory, visuoconstructive, and executive task performance in adolescents with anxiety disorders: a case-control community study. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2017; 39:5-11. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess children and adolescents with mild and severe anxiety disorders for their performance in attention, verbal episodic memory, working memory, visuoconstructive skills, executive functions, and cognitive global functioning and conduct comparative analyses with the performance of children free from anxiety disorders. Methods: Our sample comprised 68 children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years (41 with current diagnoses of anxiety disorders and 27 controls) selected from a larger cross-sectional community sample of adolescents. Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders were categorized into two groups on the basis of anxiety severity (mild or severe). All participants underwent a neuropsychological assessment battery to evaluate attention, verbal episodic memory, working memory, visuoconstructive skills, and executive and cognitive functions. Results: No differences were found in any neuropsychological tests, with the single exception that the group with mild anxiety had better performance on the Digit Span backward test compared to subjects with severe anxiety and to controls (p = 0.041; η2 = 0.11). Conclusions: Not only might anxiety disorders spare main cognitive functions during adolescence, they may even enhance certain working memory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Behs Jarros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil
| | | | - Rudineia Toazza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil
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Toazza R, Franco AR, Buchweitz A, Molle RD, Rodrigues DM, Reis RS, Mucellini AB, Esper NB, Aguzzoli C, Silveira PP, Salum GA, Manfro GG. Amygdala-based intrinsic functional connectivity and anxiety disorders in adolescents and young adults. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 257:11-16. [PMID: 27716544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (AD) are the most prevalent group of psychiatric disorders in adolescents and young adults. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders is still poorly understood. This study investigated differences in the functional connectivity of intrinsic amygdala-based networks of participants with and without AD. Resting state fMRI data were obtained from 18 participants with an AD and 19 healthy comparison individuals. Psychiatric diagnosis was assessed using standardized structured interviews. The comparison between groups was carried out using functional connectivity maps from six seed regions defined using probabilistic maps bilaterally within the amygdala (basolateral, superficial and centromedial amygdala). We found significant between-group differences in five clusters, which showed aberrant functional connectivity with the left basolateral amygdala: right precentral gyrus, right cingulate gyrus, bilateral precuneus, and right superior frontal gyrus in subjects with AD as compared with the comparison subjects. For the comparison subjects, the correlations between the amygdala and the five clusters were either non-significant, or negative. The present study suggests there is an intrinsic disruption in the communication between left basolateral amygdala and a network of brain regions involved with emotion regulation, and with the default mode network in adolescents and young adults with anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudineia Toazza
- Anxiety Disorders Program for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PROTAIA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Sciences/Health (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- PUCRS, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PUCRS, Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Science, Neuroscience, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PUCRS, Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Augusto Buchweitz
- PUCRS, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PUCRS, Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues
- Anxiety Disorders Program for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PROTAIA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Sciences/Health (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Sena Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Amanda Brondani Mucellini
- Anxiety Disorders Program for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PROTAIA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bianchini Esper
- PUCRS, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; PUCRS, Postgraduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Aguzzoli
- PUCRS, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Sciences/Health (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Anxiety Disorders Program for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PROTAIA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Anxiety Disorders Program for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PROTAIA), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Sciences/Health (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences: Psychiatry, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Toazza R, Salum GA, Jarros RB, DeSousa D, Salles JFD, Manfro GG. Phonemic verbal fluency and severity of anxiety disorders in young children. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2016; 38:100-4. [DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Previous studies have implicated impaired verbal fluency as being associated with anxiety disorders in adolescents. Objectives: To replicate and extend previously reported evidence by investigating whether performance in phonemic verbal fluency tasks is related to severity of anxiety symptoms in young children with anxiety disorders. We also aim to investigate whether putative associations are independent from co-occurring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. Methods: Sixty children (6-12 years old) with primary diagnoses of anxiety disorders participated in this study. Severity of symptoms was measured using clinician-based, parent-rated and self-rated validated scales. Verbal fluency was assessed using a simple task that measures the number of words evoked in 1-minute with the letter F, from which we quantified the number of isolated words, number of clusters (groups of similar words) and number of switches (transitions between clusters and/or between isolated words). Results: There was a significant association between the number of clusters and anxiety scores. Further analysis revealed associations were independent from co-occurring ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: We replicate and extend previous findings showing that verbal fluency is consistently associated with severity in anxiety disorders in children. Further studies should explore the potential effect of cognitive training on symptoms of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudineia Toazza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Diogo DeSousa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil; UFRGS, Brazil
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Machado TD, Dalle Molle R, Reis RS, Rodrigues DM, Mucellini AB, Minuzzi L, Franco AR, Buchweitz A, Toazza R, Ergang BC, Cunha ACDA, Salum GA, Manfro GG, Silveira PP. Interaction between perceived maternal care, anxiety symptoms, and the neurobehavioral response to palatable foods in adolescents. Stress 2016; 19:287-94. [PMID: 27295200 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2016.1191464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in rodents have shown that early life trauma leads to anxiety, increased stress responses to threatening situations, and modifies food intake in a new environment. However, these associations are still to be tested in humans. This study aimed to verify complex interactions among anxiety diagnosis, maternal care, and baseline cortisol on food intake in a new environment in humans. A community sample of 32 adolescents and young adults was evaluated for: psychiatric diagnosis using standardized interviews, maternal care using the Parental Bonding Inventory (PBI), caloric consumption in a new environment (meal choice at a snack bar), and salivary cortisol. They also performed a brain fMRI task including the visualization of palatable foods vs. neutral items. The study found a three-way interaction between anxiety diagnosis, maternal care, and baseline cortisol levels on the total calories consumed (snacks) in a new environment. This interaction means that for those with high maternal care, there were no significant associations between cortisol levels and food intake in a new environment. However, for those with low maternal care and who have an anxiety disorder (affected), cortisol was associated with higher food intake; whereas for those with low maternal care and who did not have an anxiety disorder (resilient), cortisol was negatively associated with lower food intake. In addition, higher anxiety symptoms were associated with decreased activation in the superior and middle frontal gyrus when visualizing palatable vs. neutral items in those reporting high maternal care. These results in humans mimic experimental research findings and demonstrate that a combination of anxiety diagnosis and maternal care moderate the relationship between the HPA axis functioning, anxiety, and feeding behavior in adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Diniz Machado
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Roberta Sena Reis
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Danitsa Marcos Rodrigues
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Amanda Brondani Mucellini
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria. Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- d Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences , McMaster University , Hamilton , ON , Canada
| | - Alexandre Rosa Franco
- e PUCRS, Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- f PUCRS, Faculdade de Medicina , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- g PUCRS, Faculdade de Engenharia , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Augusto Buchweitz
- e PUCRS, Instituto do Cérebro (InsCer), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- f PUCRS, Faculdade de Medicina , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- h PUCRS, Faculdade de Letras , Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras , Linguística , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Bárbara Cristina Ergang
- i Graduação em Nutrição: Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ana Carla de Araújo Cunha
- i Graduação em Nutrição: Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria. Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas: Psiquiatria. Faculdade de Medicina , Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
- b Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências , Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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Toazza R, Salum GA, Flores SM, Jarros RB, Pine DS, de Salles JF, Manfro GG. Phonemic verbal fluency is associated with pediatric anxiety disorders: evidence from a community study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2014; 24:149-57. [PMID: 24725199 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2013.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders typically begin in childhood and adolescence and predict risk for many problems throughout life. Although some neuropsychological correlates have been described, more research is needed, particularly in adolescents. This study compares neurocognitive characteristics of anxious adolescents with and without comorbidity to externalizing disorders to those of typically developing comparison (TDC) adolescents and adolescents with externalizing disorders alone. METHODS The study included 57 adolescents 12-18 years of age (TDC, n=23; anxiety, n=16; externalizing, n=11; comorbid, n=7). We used a neuropsychological battery to assess eight domains: Orientation, attention, visual perception, memory, arithmetic, language, praxis, and executive function. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a main effect of group in the neurocognitive domains evaluated (F8,48=2.32, p=0.034, ηp(2)=0.279). Post-hoc analysis revealed that executive functions score differed among groups, specifically in the task of verbal fluency (F[df=3]=5.01, p=0.004, ηp(2)=0.221), with both the anxious groups (anxiety and comorbid) presenting a lower score than the TDC and externalizing groups. This effect was independent of age, intelligence, and levels of education. CONCLUSIONS Verbal fluency is specifically impaired in adolescents with anxiety disorders. This extends results from neuroimaging research implicating prefrontal areas in pediatric anxiety disorder neurobiology, and has potential implications to new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudineia Toazza
- 1 Anxiety Disorders Program for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (PROTAIA), Department of Developmental and Personality Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Salles JFD, Piccolo LDR, Zamo RDS, Toazza R. Normas de desempenho em tarefa de leitura de palavras/pseudopalavras isoladas (LPI) para crianças de 1º ano a 7º ano. revispsi 2013. [DOI: 10.12957/epp.2013.8416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Salum GA, Isolan LR, Bosa VL, Tocchetto AG, Teche SP, Schuch I, Costa JR, Costa MDA, Jarros RB, Mansur MA, Knijnik D, Silva EA, Kieling C, Oliveira MH, Medeiros E, Bortoluzzi A, Toazza R, Blaya C, Leistner-Segal S, Salles JFD, Silveira PP, Goldani MZ, Heldt E, Manfro GG. The multidimensional evaluation and treatment of anxiety in children and adolescents: rationale, design, methods and preliminary findings. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2011; 33:181-95. [PMID: 21829913 DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462011000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the design, methods and sample characteristics of the Multidimensional Evaluation and Treatment of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents - the PROTAIA Project. METHOD: Students between 10 and 17 years old from all six schools belonging to the catchment area of the Primary Care Unit of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre were included in the project. It comprises five phases: (1) a community screening phase; (2) a psychiatric diagnostic phase; (3) a multidimensional assessment phase evaluating environmental, neuropsychological, nutritional, and biological factors; (4) a treatment phase, and (5) a translational phase. RESULTS: A total of 2,457 subjects from the community were screened for anxiety disorders. From those who attended the diagnostic interview, we identified 138 individuals with at least one anxiety disorder (apart from specific phobia) and 102 individuals without any anxiety disorder. Among the anxiety cases, generalized anxiety disorder (n = 95; 68.8%), social anxiety disorder (n = 57; 41.3%) and separation anxiety disorder (n = 49; 35.5%) were the most frequent disorders. CONCLUSION: The PROTAIA Project is a promising research project that can contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between anxiety disorders and anxiety-related phenotypes with several genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciano Rassier Isolan
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rafaela Behs Jarros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Augusta Mansur
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Estácio Amaro Silva
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Elza Medeiros
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bortoluzzi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rudineia Toazza
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carolina Blaya
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Elizeth Heldt
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gisele Gus Manfro
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; National Science and Technology Institute for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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