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Reimer R, Zopfs D, Celik E, Reimer P. [Status and recommendations for interventional radiological procedures in COVID-19 patients]. Radiologie (Heidelb) 2023; 63:38-42. [PMID: 36380208 PMCID: PMC9666955 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-01082-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particularly at the beginning, the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused a reduction in the number of interventions in interventional radiology. At the same time, interventional training became more challenging. Infectious patients and disease transmission within interventional radiology departments continue to pose significant challenges. OBJECTIVES This article describes the status and recommendations for interventional radiological procedures in COVID-19 patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Guidelines and recommendations from international and national societies as well as original works and reviews were evaluated. RESULTS Interventional radiological care of COVID-19 patients with complicated courses of infection has become established during the course of the pandemic. To protect patients and staff, interventions in COVID-19 patients should be prioritized, performed in separate procedure rooms if possible, and patients should be tested before interventions. Logistics, staff planning, and hygiene measures should be continuously optimized. CONCLUSIONS Structured workflows within interventional radiology in dealing with COVID-19 patients appear necessary to minimize infection risks and to guarantee the staff's work capability and health. In order to develop concepts for the handling of COVID-19 patients and to be prepared for potential upcoming waves of infections, recommendations of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) and (inter-)national professional societies are helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reimer
- Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland.
| | - D Zopfs
- Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - E Celik
- Medizinische Fakultät und Universitätsklinikum Köln, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universität zu Köln, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Köln, Deutschland
| | - P Reimer
- Lehrkrankenhaus der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Deutschland
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2
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Chiu E, Taylor L, Ingram R, Panaccione R, Ghosh S, Ramay H, McCoy K, Reimer R, Raman M. A54 DIETARY COMPONENTS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH FECAL CALPROTECTIN IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2022. [PMCID: PMC8859225 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab049.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is thought to arise from dysregulated immune responses due to intestinal dysbiosis and altered epithelial barrier function. Dietary components may affect the gut microbiome and contribute to either inflammation or its resolution. The relationship between diet and disease activity in UC warrants further investigation.
Aims
This prospective cohort study explored the relationship between dietary components, and markers of disease activity: fecal calprotectin (FCP) and partial Mayo score (PMS) in patients with UC.
Methods
40 participants were recruited from University of Calgary IBD clinics. Study staff obtained two 24-hour diet recalls using the validated automated self administered (ASA)-24 and captured PMS at baseline (T1) and follow-up at week 12 (T2). FCP samples were collected at T1 and T2. Diet variables included adjusted macro/micronutrients (n=44), food groups (n=36) and the validated Canadian healthy eating index-2009 (CHEI) where higher scores reflect healthier intake. CHEI captures intake of dark green and orange foods (DGO) and moderation scoring (MOD) of saturated fats (SF), sodium and added sugars. Higher CHEI scores result from increased intake of DGO and lower intake of SF, sodium and added sugars (higher MOD score). Associations with outcome variables were examined at T1 and T2 individually and across both timepoints (BT). Mixed effect logistic regression models identified relationships between dietary variables, FCP and PMS. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, medications, probiotics, and for repeated measures in both timepoint analyses.
Results
A positive association was identified between FCP as a continuous variable and SF (T1:Coef=0.22, p_adj=0.02) and a negative association identified between FCP with citrus/melon/berries (BT:Coef=-1.01, p_adj =0.04), total sugars (BT:Coef=-0.06, p_adj=0.025) and HEI (BT:Coef=-0.13, p_adj =0.06 and T1 coef=-0.18, p_adj =7.0 e-5). FCP increased as SF (-0.30,p_adj=0.01), DGO (-0.60, p_adj=0.02), and MOD (-0.21, p_adj=0.02) scores decreased. The presence of inflammation (as a binary variable, FCP >250) was negatively associated with higher fiber intake (BT: Odds Ratio (OR)= 0.016, CI(0.001,0.40) p_adj=0.08). For PMS as a continuous variable, HEI had a negative association with PMS (T2: -0.05, p_adj=0.06). With PMS as a discrete score (remission=PMS<2) there was no significant association with any diet components.
Conclusions
This study suggests that a healthier diet, both in overall pattern and specific dietary components, was associated with lower FCP and PMS. Our findings related to SF, citrus/melons/berries, and DGO parallel the IOIBD dietary guidelines. Future research should explore through controlled intervention studies whether modifying dietary patterns and components independently reduces disease activity.
Funding Agencies
Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chiu
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L Taylor
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Ingram
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Panaccione
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Ghosh
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - H Ramay
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K McCoy
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Reimer
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Raman
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zopfs D, Laukamp K, Reimer R, Grosse Hokamp N, Kabbasch C, Borggrefe J, Pennig L, Bunck AC, Schlamann M, Lennartz S. Automated Color-Coding of Lesion Changes in Contrast-Enhanced 3D T1-Weighted Sequences for MRI Follow-up of Brain Metastases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:188-194. [PMID: 34992128 PMCID: PMC8985679 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging is the technique of choice for follow-up of patients with brain metastases, yet the radiologic assessment is often tedious and error-prone, especially in examinations with multiple metastases or subtle changes. This study aimed to determine whether using automated color-coding improves the radiologic assessment of brain metastases compared with conventional reading. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-one pairs of follow-up examinations of patients with brain metastases were assessed. Two radiologists determined the presence of progression, regression, mixed changes, or stable disease between the follow-up examinations and indicated subjective diagnostic certainty regarding their decisions in a conventional reading and a second reading using automated color-coding after an interval of 8 weeks. RESULTS The rate of correctly classified diagnoses was higher (91.3%, 221/242, versus 74.0%, 179/242, P < .01) when using automated color-coding, and the median Likert score for diagnostic certainty improved from 2 (interquartile range, 2-3) to 4 (interquartile range, 3-5) (P < .05) compared with the conventional reading. Interrater agreement was excellent (κ = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.89) with automated color-coding compared with a moderate agreement (κ = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.34-0.58) with the conventional reading approach. When considering the time required for image preprocessing, the overall average time for reading an examination was longer in the automated color-coding approach (91.5 [SD, 23.1] seconds versus 79.4 [SD, 34.7 ] seconds, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the conventional reading, automated color-coding of lesion changes in follow-up examinations of patients with brain metastases significantly increased the rate of correct diagnoses and resulted in higher diagnostic certainty.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zopfs
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Laukamp
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Reimer
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - N Grosse Hokamp
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Kabbasch
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - J Borggrefe
- Department of Radiology (J.B.), Neuroradiology and Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Wesling University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - L Pennig
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A C Bunck
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Schlamann
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - S Lennartz
- From the Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (D.Z., K.L., R.R., N.G.H., C.K., L.P., A.C.B., M.S., S.L.), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Chiu E, Zhang Z, Taylor L, Kaur S, Ghosh S, Panaccione R, Reimer R, Raman M. A18 DIETARY PREDICTORS OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN CROHN’S DISEASE: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwab002.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) often seek advice on optimizing their diet to reduce gut inflammation. The relationship between dietary patterns, major food groups and individual nutrients, with disease activity in Crohn’s disease (CD) is incompletely understood and warrants further investigation.
Aims
1.To determine whether a diversified (DD) or nondiversified (NDD) dietary pattern is related to biological activity in CD (BACD) in long-term follow up.
2.To determine if specific foods or nutrients are associated with increased BACD.
Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, forty-six CD patients (52% male) in remission completed 3-day food records between 2015–2017 for a 3-month intervention study and were classified as DD or NDD. Remission was defined by a Harvey Bradshaw Index <5 and no endoscopic ulcerations within 6 months of baseline data collection. Patients were classified as NDD if dietary fibre was ≤15 g/day or total fruit/vegetable servings ≤3/week, and if they consumed ≥3 servings/week of red and processed meat. Patients were otherwise defined as DD. A retrospective chart review captured BACD data. BACD was defined as one of either fecal calprotectin (FCP) ≥250 ug/g, hospitalization for CD flare, bowel resection for active CD, biologic dose escalation/switch due to non-response (not therapeutic drug monitoring), corticosteroid use, endoscopic evidence of apthous or large ulcers, or active disease on contrast enhanced ultrasound or magnetic resonance enterography. Machine learning methods with random forest prediction models assessed if diet composition was associated with BACD followed by univariate Mann-Whitney tests to compare differences between high and low disease activity.
Results
Sixteen patients (35%) had BACD during the mean 42 month follow up (31–54 months,SD ± 6.6). See Table 1 for additional demographics. Based on the random forest prediction model, both vitamins and minerals, food groups and Mediterranean diet cut-points could predict disease activity responses (ROC-AUC = 0.68 and 0.75, respectively). For these models, baseline intake of vitamins E, D, B1, and C and leafy greens, and fruit intake were the most important predictors of BACD. For the univariate analysis, the high disease group had lower intakes of fiber, vitamin E, and C (p = 0.047, 0.066, and 0.09, respectively). A higher proportion of patients consumed a NDD with BACD compared to those without BACD (50% vs. 23.3%, p=0.07).
Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess if dietary patterns, foods and nutrients are able to predict disease activity over a mean 42 month follow up. Further research into the dietary determinants of BACD in CD is warranted. With higher baseline FCP observed in the BACD, multivariate analyses to assess the independent effect of diet to predict BACD is required.
Funding Agencies
Litwin IBD Pioneers Foundation, Alberta’s Collaboration of Excellence for Nutrition in Digestive Diseases (Ascend)
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chiu
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - L Taylor
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Kaur
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Ghosh
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - R Reimer
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Raman
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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5
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Fischer AW, Jaeckstein MY, Gottschling K, Heine M, Sass F, Mangels N, Schlein C, Worthmann A, Bruns OT, Yuan Y, Zhu H, Chen O, Ittrich H, Nilsson SK, Stefanicka P, Ukropec J, Balaz M, Dong H, Sun W, Reimer R, Scheja L, Heeren J. Lysosomal lipoprotein processing in endothelial cells stimulates adipose tissue thermogenic adaptation. Cell Metab 2021; 33:547-564.e7. [PMID: 33357458 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In response to cold exposure, thermogenic adipocytes internalize large amounts of fatty acids after lipoprotein lipase-mediated hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) in the capillary lumen of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT). Here, we show that in cold-exposed mice, vascular endothelial cells in adipose tissues endocytose substantial amounts of entire TRL particles. These lipoproteins subsequently follow the endosomal-lysosomal pathway, where they undergo lysosomal acid lipase (LAL)-mediated processing. Endothelial cell-specific LAL deficiency results in impaired thermogenic capacity as a consequence of reduced recruitment of brown and brite/beige adipocytes. Mechanistically, TRL processing by LAL induces proliferation of endothelial cells and adipocyte precursors via beta-oxidation-dependent production of reactive oxygen species, which in turn stimulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α-dependent proliferative responses. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a physiological role for TRL particle uptake into BAT and WAT and establishes endothelial lipoprotein processing as an important determinant of adipose tissue remodeling during thermogenic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Y Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Gottschling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Sass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Mangels
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Bruns
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yucheng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Harald Ittrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan K Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Stefanicka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center at the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Hua Dong
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wenfei Sun
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Reimer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Pfrommer E, Dreier C, Gabriel G, Dallenga T, Reimer R, Schepanski K, Scherließ R, Schaible UE, Gutsmann T. Enhanced tenacity of mycobacterial aerosols from necrotic neutrophils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9159. [PMID: 32514121 PMCID: PMC7280268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuberculosis agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis is primarily transmitted through air, but little is known about the tenacity of mycobacterium-containing aerosols derived from either suspensions or infected neutrophils. Analysis of mycobacterial aerosol particles generated from bacterial suspensions revealed an average aerodynamic diameter and mass density that may allow distant airborne transmission. The volume and mass of mycobacterial aerosol particles increased with elevated relative humidity. To more closely mimic aerosol formation that occurs in active TB patients, aerosols from mycobacterium-infected neutrophils were analysed. Mycobacterium-infected intact neutrophils showed a smaller particle size distribution and lower viability than free mycobacteria. In contrast, mycobacterium-infected necrotic neutrophils, predominant in M. tuberculosis infection, revealed particle sizes and viability rates similar to those found for free mycobacteria, but in addition, larger aggregates of viable mycobacteria were observed. Therefore, mycobacteria are shielded from environmental stresses in multibacillary aggregates generated from necrotic neutrophils, which allows improved tenacity but emphasizes short distance transmission between close contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pfrommer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
| | - C Dreier
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
| | - G Gabriel
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany
| | - T Dallenga
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany
| | - R Reimer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - K Schepanski
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
| | - R Scherließ
- Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - U E Schaible
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany.
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel, Germany.
| | - T Gutsmann
- Forschungszentrum Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, 23845, Germany
- Leibniz Research Alliance INFECTIONS'21, Borstel, 23845, Germany
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Taylor L, Almutairdi A, Reimer R, Madsen K, Ghosh S, Panaccione R, Shommu N, Fedorak R, Raman M. A146 DIETARY INTAKE OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN’S DISEASE IN REMISSION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Taylor
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - R Reimer
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Madsen
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - S Ghosh
- Gastrointestinal Section, Imperial College london, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - N Shommu
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Fedorak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - M Raman
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Macphail EC, Reimer R, Arnold PD. A314 A CHARACTERIZATION OF NUTRITION STATUS AND GUT MICROBIOTA IN OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER (OCD) IN YOUTH. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - R Reimer
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - P D Arnold
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Raman M, Taylor L, Panaccione R, Ghosh S, Reimer R, Shommu N, Fedorak R, Madsen K. A79 FECAL SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACID COMPOSITION IN CROHN’S DISEASE PATIENTS CONSUMING A DIVERSIFIED COMPARED TO NON-DIVERSIFIED DIET. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy009.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Raman
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - L Taylor
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - S Ghosh
- Gastrointestinal Section, Imperial College london, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Reimer
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - N Shommu
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Fedorak
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - K Madsen
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Proksch E, Hohmuth A, Reimer R, Fölster-Holst R. 156 Epidermal differentiation, inflammation, and serum levels of filaggrin and IgE in atopic dermatitis, classical prurigo nodularis and prurigo nodularis in AD. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reimer R, Marchuk O, Geiger B, Mc Carthy PJ, Dunne M, Hobirk J, Wolf R. Influence of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium and Zeeman effects on magnetic equilibrium reconstruction using spectral motional Stark effect diagnostic. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:083509. [PMID: 28863658 DOI: 10.1063/1.4994889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic is a well established technique to infer the local internal magnetic field in fusion plasmas. In this paper, the existing forward model which describes the MSE data is extended by the Zeeman effect, fine-structure, and relativistic corrections in the interpretation of the MSE spectra for different experimental conditions at the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade. The contribution of the non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (non-LTE) populations among the magnetic sub-levels and the Zeeman effect on the derived plasma parameters is different. The obtained pitch angle is changed by 3°…4° and by 0.5°…1° including the non-LTE and the Zeeman effects into the standard statistical MSE model. The total correction is about 4°. Moreover, the variation of the magnetic field strength is significantly changed by 2.2% due to the Zeeman effect only. While the data on the derived pitch angle still could not be tested against the other diagnostics, the results from an equilibrium reconstruction solver confirm the obtained values for magnetic field strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Teilinstitut Greifswald, Wendelsteinstraße 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - O Marchuk
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung-Plasmaphysik, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - B Geiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P J Mc Carthy
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Association EURATOM-DCU, Cork, Ireland
| | - M Dunne
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Hobirk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Teilinstitut Greifswald, Wendelsteinstraße 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Dinklage
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, Wendelsteinstr. 1, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R. Reimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, Wendelsteinstr. 1, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R. Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, Wendelsteinstr. 1, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M. Reich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM-Association, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
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Coelho R, Äkäslompolo S, Dinklage A, Kus A, Reimer R, Sundén E, Conroy S, Blanco E, Conway G, Hacquin S, Heuraux S, Lechte C, Silva FD, Sirinelli A, ITM-TF C. Synthetic Diagnostics in the European Union Integrated Tokamak Modelling Simulation Platform. Fusion Science and Technology 2017. [DOI: 10.13182/fst12-473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Coelho
- Associação EURATOM0IST, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S. Äkäslompolo
- Aalto University, Euratom-Tekes Association, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - A. Dinklage
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasma physik, EURATOM-Association, Wendelsteinstr. 1, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A. Kus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasma physik, EURATOM-Association, Wendelsteinstr. 1, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R. Reimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasma physik, EURATOM-Association, Wendelsteinstr. 1, Greifswald, Germany
| | - E. Sundén
- Uppsala University, VR-Euratom Association, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Conroy
- Uppsala University, VR-Euratom Association, Box 516, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E. Blanco
- Asociación EURATOM-CIEMAT para Fusión, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain Association
| | - G. Conway
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasma physik, EURATOM-IPP Association, Garching, Germany
| | - S. Hacquin
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - S. Heuraux
- Université de Lorraine, IJL, UMR 7198, BP 70239, Vandoeuvre, F-54506 Cedex, France
| | - C. Lechte
- Institute for Plasma Research, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F. Da Silva
- Associação EURATOM0IST, Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear, Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A. Sirinelli
- CEA, IRFM, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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Salamon J, Hofmann M, Jung C, Kaul M, Reimer R, vom Scheidt A, Adam G, Knopp T, Ittrich H. Echtzeit 3D MPI-gesteuerte Ballonangioplastie unter Verwendung eines MRT Road Map- und eines Blood-Pool-Kontrastmittel-Ansatzes. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1581282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ren L, Robertson WD, Reimer R, Heinze C, Schneider C, Eggert D, Truschow P, Hansen NO, Kroetz P, Zou J, Miller RJD. Towards instantaneous cellular level bio diagnosis: laser extraction and imaging of biological entities with conserved integrity and activity. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:284001. [PMID: 26111866 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/28/284001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The prospect for spatial imaging with mass spectroscopy at the level of the cell requires new means of cell extraction to conserve molecular structure. To this aim, we demonstrate a new laser extraction process capable of extracting intact biological entities with conserved biological function. The method is based on the recently developed picosecond infrared laser (PIRL), designed specifically to provide matrix-free extraction by selectively exciting the water vibrational modes under the condition of ultrafast desorption by impulsive vibrational excitation (DIVE). The basic concept is to extract the constituent protein structures on the fastest impulsive limit for ablation to avoid excessive thermal heating of the proteins and to use strongly resonant 1-photon conditions to avoid multiphoton ionization and degradation of the sample integrity. With various microscope imaging and biochemical analysis methods, nanoscale single protein molecules, viruses, and cells in the ablation plume are found to be morphologically and functionally identical with their corresponding controls. This method provides a new means to resolve chemical activity within cells and is amenable to subcellular imaging with near-field approaches. The most important finding is the conserved nature of the extracted biological material within the laser ablation plume, which is fully consistent with in vivo structures and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ren
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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Mangels N, Heine M, Gottschling K, Reimer R, Heeren J. Insulin dependent triglyceride-rich lipoproteins uptake into brown adipose tissue. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Linke SJ, Ren L, Frings A, Steinberg J, Wöllmer W, Katz T, Reimer R, Hansen NO, Jowett N, Richard G, Dwayne Miller RJ. [Perspectives of laser-assisted keratoplasty: current overview and first preliminary results with the picosecond infrared laser (λ = 3 µm)]. Ophthalmologe 2015; 111:523-30. [PMID: 24942118 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-013-2995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article provides a review of the current state of laser-assisted keratoplasty and describes a first proof of concept study to test the feasibility of a new mid-infrared (MIR) picosecond laser to perform applanation-free corneal trephination. METHODS The procedure is based on a specially adapted laser system (PIRL-HP2-1064 OPA-3000, Attodyne, Canada) which works with a wavelength of 3,000 ± 90 nm, a pulse duration of 300 ps and a repetition rate of 1 kHz. The picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) beam is delivered to the sample by a custom-made optics system with an implemented scanning mechanism. Corneal specimens were mounted on an artificial anterior chamber and subsequent trephination was performed with the PIRL under stable intraocular pressure conditions. RESULTS A defined corneal ablation pattern, e.g. circular, linear, rectangular or disc-shaped, can be selected and its specific dimensions are defined by the user. Circular and linear ablation patterns were employed for the incisions in this study. Linear and circular penetrating PIRL incisions were examined by macroscopic inspection, histology, confocal microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) for characterization of the incisional quality. Using PIRL reproducible and stable incisions could be made in human and porcine corneal samples with minimal damage to the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION The PIRL laser radiation in the mid-infrared spectrum with a wavelength of 3 µm is exactly tuned to one of the dominant vibrational excitation bands of the water molecule, serves as an effective tool for applanation-free corneal incision and might broaden the armamentarium of corneal transplant surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Linke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Deutschland,
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Jung C, Freund B, Heine M, Reimer R, Kaul M, Adam G, Heeren J, Ittrich H. 7T MRT zur Visualisierung und Quantifizierung der Aktivität von braunem Fettgewebe mittels 59Fe markierten Triglyceridreichen Lipoproteinen. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1373472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Reimer R, Dinklage A, Fischer R, Hobirk J, Löbhard T, Mlynek A, Reich M, Sawyer L, Wolf R. Spectrally resolved motional Stark effect measurements on ASDEX Upgrade. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:113503. [PMID: 24295436 DOI: 10.1063/1.4829665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A spectrally resolved Motional Stark Effect (MSE) diagnostic has been installed at ASDEX Upgrade. The MSE data have been fitted by a forward model providing access to information about the magnetic field in the plasma interior [R. Reimer, A. Dinklage, J. Geiger et al., Contrib. Plasma Phys. 50, 731-735 (2010)]. The forward model for the beam emission spectra comprises also the fast ion Dα signal [W. W. Heidbrink and G. J. Sadler, Nucl. Fusion 34, 535-615 (1994)] and the smearing on the CCD-chip. The calculated magnetic field data as well as the revealed (dia)magnetic effects are consistent with the results from equilibrium reconstruction solver. Measurements of the direction of the magnetic field are affected by unknown and varying polarization effects in the observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, EURATOM Association, Teilinstitut Greifswald, Wendelsteinstraße 1, 17491 Greifswald, Germany
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Burkhardt A, Warmer M, Wagner A, Panneerselvam S, Zouni A, Glöckner C, Ren J, Fry EE, Stuart DI, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Meents A. High-pressure freezing of macromolecular crystals. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312099771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Burkhardt A, Warmer M, Wagner A, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Meents A. High-pressure freezing of protein crystals. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311097248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bruns O, Bartelt A, Calvo M, Enrich C, Waurisch C, Eychmüller A, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Beisiegel U, Heeren J. W16 HIGH SPEED INTRAVITAL MICROSCOPY VISUALIZES THE UPTAKE OF NANOCRYSTALS-LABELLED TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS IN STELLATE CELLS IN VIVO. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(10)70017-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Reimer R, Machens HG, Mailänder P, Rieck B, Hierner R, Berger A. Postoperatives Monitoring der Gewebedurchblutung nach freier mikrovaskulärer Gewebetransplantation (FMGT) mit Hilfe der Wasserstoff-Clearance-Technik (WCT). BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2009. [DOI: 10.1515/bmte.1995.40.s1.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ittrich H, Bruhns O, Peldschus K, Kaul MG, Tromsdorf UI, Reimer R, Beisiegel U, Heeren J, Adam G. Lipoprotein-Metabolismus-Bildgebung mit lipophilen USPIO in der MRT bei 3T im Kleintiermodell. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Bruns O, Ittrich H, Peldschus K, Kaul M, Tromsdorf U, Mollwitz B, Merkel M, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Weller H, Heeren J, Beisiegel U. NON-INVASIVE IN VIVO IMAGING OF RECOMBINANT POSTPRANDIAL LIPOPROTEINS LABELLED WITH NANOCRYSTALS. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(08)70049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kapić A, Helmbold H, Reimer R, Klotzsche O, Deppert W, Bohn W. Cooperation between p53 and p130(Rb2) in induction of cellular senescence. Cell Death Differ 2005; 13:324-34. [PMID: 16123778 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine pathways cooperating with p53 in cellular senescence when the retinoblastoma protein (pRb)/p16INK4a pathway is defunct, we stably transfected the p16INK4a-negative C6 rat glioma cell line with a temperature-sensitive mutant p53. Activation of p53(Val-135) induces a switch in pocket protein expression from pRb and p107 to p130(Rb2) and stalls the cells in late G1, early S-phase at high levels of cyclin E. Maintenance of the arrest depends on the functions of p130(Rb2) repressing cyclin A. Inactivation of p53 in senescent cultures restores the pocket proteins to initial levels and initiates progression into S-phase, but the cells fail to resume proliferation, likely due to DNA damage becoming apparent in the arrest and activating apoptosis subsequent to the release from p53-dependent growth suppression. The data indicate that p53 can cooperate selectively with p130(Rb2) to induce cellular senescence, a pathway that may be relevant when the pRb/p16INK4a pathway is defunct.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kapić
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology at the University of Hamburg, Martinistr. 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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Esenwein SA, Martin D, Kuhnen C, Reimer R, Muhr G. [Retrogastral located gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) as a sonographically detected rare incidental finding]. Zentralbl Chir 2002; 127:322-5. [PMID: 12085285 DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-31561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) represent compared to carcinomas a rare group of neoplasias of the gastro-intestinal tract of unclear dignity. We report the example of a patient suffering from a big retrogastral located gastrointestinal stromal tumor which had been detected as an incidental finding without previous complaints. Because origin and dignity of the process could not definitely be diagnosed, total resection (R0-resection) without systemic lymphadenectomy of the process measuring 11.5 cm x 11 cm x 7 cm was performed. Mitotic activity and tumor-size are regarded as predictive factors of potenzial malignancy of GISTs. In general tumors with low mitotic activity of up to 5 mitoses per 50 high power fields (HPFs) and a diameter smaller than 5 cm are regarded as benign. In the presented case, up to 4 mitoses per 50 HPFs could be detected and thus, in connection with tumor-size, an uncertain biological behaviour of the process has to be expected. Since no generally accepted consensus on the treatment of the GISTs exists, also patients originally suffering from tumors regarded as borderline-malignant should undergo a close-meshed follow-up in regular intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Esenwein
- Chirurgische Klinik mit Poliklinik, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany.
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Delzenne N, Ferré P, Beylot M, Daubioul C, Declercq B, Diraison F, Dugail I, Foufelle F, Foretz M, Mace K, Reimer R, Palmer G, Rutter G, Tavare J, Van Loo J, Vidal H. Study of the regulation by nutrients of the expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and obesity in humans and animals. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2001; 11:118-121. [PMID: 11894744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Dietary digestible carbohydrates are able to modulate lipogenesis, by modifying the expression of genes coding for key lipogenic enzymes, like fatty acid synthase. The overall objective of the Nutrigene project (FAIR-CT97-3011) was to study the efficiency of various carbohydrates to modulate the lipogenic capacity and relevant gene expression in rat and human species (control and obese subjects) and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipogenic genes by carbohydrates. Key cellular mediators (namely SREBP-1c and 2, AMP activated protein kinase, cholesterol content) of the regulation of lipogenic gene expression by glucose and/or insulin were identified and constitute new putative targets in the development of plurimetabolic syndrome associated with obesity. In humans, hepatic lipogenesis and triglyceride synthesis, assessed in vivo by the use of stable isotopes, was promoted by a high-carbohydrate diet in non obese subjects, and in non alcoholic steatotic patients, but was not modified in the adipose tissue of obese subjects. Non digestible/fermentable carbohydrates, such as fructans, were shown to decrease hepatic lipogenesis in non obese rats, and to lessen hepatic steatosis and body weight in obese Zucker rats. If confirmed in obese humans, this would allow the development of functional food able to counteract the metabolic disturbances linked to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Delzenne
- Unité de Pharmacocinétique, Metabolisme, Nutrition et Toxicologie, School of Pharmacy, Université Catholique de Louvain, MD/FARM/PMNT 7369 Avenue Emmanuel Mounier, 73 B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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Auer R, Lau D, Reimer R. Obesity in Canadian children. CMAJ 2001; 164:1563; author reply 1564-5. [PMID: 11402791 PMCID: PMC81101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023] Open
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Green JD, Beatty CW, Czervionke LF, Reimer R, Benecke JE. Intracochlear vestibular schwannoma: a potential source for recurrence after translabyrinthine resection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 123:281-2. [PMID: 10964307 DOI: 10.1067/mhn.2000.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Green
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology, Diagnostic Radiology, and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville 32224, USA
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31
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Reimer R. Hemodialysis machine disinfection: a safe period of time between cycles. CANNT J 2000; 10:23-5. [PMID: 15712464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The Yellowknife Dialysis Clinic at Stanton Regional Health Board is an independent unit with nephrology support from the University of Alberta Hospital in Edmonton. In November of 1998, the clinic wanted to change its policy of disinfecting the hemodialysis machines from every 24 hours to every 48 hours. A study was proposed to closely monitor the water and dialysate bacterial counts while increasing the amount of hours between bleaching. At the end of the study, the water and dialysate bacterial counts remained very low when the machines were disinfected every 48 hours and even up to 66 hours. The dialysis clinic was able to confidently change the policy knowing that patient safety was maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reimer
- Dialysis Clinic, Stanton Regional Health Board, Yellowknife, NT
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Machens HG, Mailänder P, Kremer M, Reimer R, Berger A. [Techniques for postoperative monitoring of tissue circulation after free microvascular tissue transplantation]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 1999; 31:107-12. [PMID: 10337555 DOI: 10.1055/s-1999-13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Success rates after free tissue transplantation (FTT) have greatly improved over the last 20 years, partly due to improved technical performance of microvascular anastomoses with better optical and instrumental aids. However, flap failure is still a clinical problem and occurs in 5 to 10%, mainly due to blood vessel thrombosis within the first 24 postoperative hours. The clinical results after FTT can be optimized by in-time diagnosis of irreversibly compromised tissue blood flow and immediate operative reexploration. Therefore, there is a special demand for adequate and reliable postoperative monitoring techniques. This article reviews all monitoring techniques which have been performed in the experimental-clinical setting after FTT thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Machens
- Klinik für Plastische, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Schwerverbranntenzentrum, Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reimer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Machens HG, Morgan JR, Berthiaume F, Stefanovich P, Reimer R, Berger AC. Genetically modified fibroblasts induce angiogenesis in the rat epigastric island flap. Langenbecks Arch Surg 1998; 383:345-50. [PMID: 9860229 DOI: 10.1007/s004230050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
METHODS Gene therapy was tested for inducing functional angiogenesis in the superficial rat epigastric island flap to allow earlier pedicle division. Autologous rat fibroblasts were grown, harvested, cultured and retrovirally transfected to produce platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA), an angiogenetically active protein. Stable gene expression was monitored by PDGF-AA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One hundred and eighty animals were divided into three groups (I-III) and a bilateral flap created in each animal. In all experiments, the right-sided flap was subjected to experimental treatment and the left-sided flap served as control (1ml saline 0.9%). During flap elevation, group I received 5X10(6) GMFB (genetically modified fibroblasts) plus 1 ml Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Group II was treated with 5x10(6) NMFB (non-modified fibroblasts) plus 1 ml medium and group III received 1 ml medium only. The flaps were sutured back and the vascular pedicle was bilaterally ligated and divided in each of ten animals during the following 6 days. After 7 days, the flaps were harvested, the amount of necrosis measured and histologically examined. RESULTS The GMFB produced up to 560 times more PDGF-AA than the NMFB, measured by ELISA. The GMFB-treated flaps tolerated surgical division of the vascular pedicle significantly earlier than groups II and III. Histologically, fibroblasts persisted in all flaps of groups I and II, without major inflammatory reaction. In all GMFB-treated flaps, massive angiogenesis could be demonstrated. CONCLUSION By means of retroviral gene transfer, autologous rat fibroblasts can be genetically modified for stable expression of the PDGF-A gene to produce high amounts of PDGF-AA, which is angiogenetically active. After injection into the panniculus carnosus, these cells induce functional angiogenesis to permit earlier division of the vascular pedicle in this flap model.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Machens
- Clinic for Plastic Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Hughes KV, Green JD, Alvarez S, Reimer R. Vestibular Dysfunction due to Cryptococcal Meningitis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997; 116:536-40. [PMID: 9141406 DOI: 10.1016/s0194-59989770306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K V Hughes
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minn., USA
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Machens HG, Mailaender P, Reimer R, Pallua N, Lei Y, Berger A. Postoperative blood flow monitoring after free-tissue transfer by means of the hydrogen clearance technique. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997; 99:493-505. [PMID: 9030160 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-199702000-00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The hydrogen clearance technique was introduced for monitoring postoperative blood flow after free-tissue transfer in this prospective clinical study. This technique allows unlimited repeatable quantitative measurements of tissue blood flow in milliliters per minute per 100 gm of tissue at any site including buried flaps. In this study a real-time blood flow measuring system (Ameflow, Ameda, Switzerland) was employed. Two thousand eight hundred and twenty-three blood flow measurements were carried out on 72 free-tissue transfers, which were performed on 71 patients. Nine of these 72 flaps showed vascular complications (12.5 percent), including arterial thrombosis in 6.9 percent (n = 5), hematoma in 4.2 percent (n = 3), and venous thrombosis in 1.4 percent (n = 1). Complications as well as uneventful postoperative cases were monitored correctly by the hydrogen clearance technique in all cases, reaching sensitivity and specificity values of 1.0 for this technique in our study. Furthermore, all complications could be detected earlier by the hydrogen clearance technique than by clinical monitoring alone, which allowed flap salvation in 7 of 9 cases and a resulting permanent failure rate of free-tissue transfer of 2.8 percent (n = 2). From our data we conclude that the hydrogen clearance technique is a promising tool for postoperative blood flow monitoring after free-tissue transfer. For experimental pathophysiologic and pharmacologic studies of tissue blood flow in flaps, further evaluation of our measuring device including comparative studies with other established techniques is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Machens
- Clinic for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Giebel J, Rechkemmer G, Reimer R, Sewing KF, Fanghänel J, Schwenk M. Cultured gastric parietal cells from the guinea pig: adherence, cell growth and stimulus coupling of Ca2+ and cyclic AMP. Ann Anat 1996; 178:405-12. [PMID: 8931851 DOI: 10.1016/s0940-9602(96)80126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to establish cell culture conditions for responsive guinea pig parietal cells. Parietal cells were isolated by a pronase/collagenase method, enriched by counterflow elutriation and cultured on plastic culture dishes in minimum essential medium. Precoating with gelatine or collagen increased adherence; optimum fetal calf serum concentration was 10%. Parietal cells were cultured for up to 120 h. Intracellular calcium levels in cells cultured for 48 h were 150 nmol/l and increased to 320 nmol/l after stimulation with carbachol and to 250 nmol/l after histamine stimulation as determined by video imaging microscopy. Intracellular cyclic AMP levels were increased 9-fold by histamine in cells cultured for 24 h and more than 30-fold in cells cultured for 48 h. The results show that guinea pig parietal cells grow in primary culture and are suitable for studying second messenger coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giebel
- Department of General Pharmacology, Medical School, Hannover
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Odes HS, Reimer R, Muallem R, Schwenk M, Beil W, Sewing KF. Role of protein kinase C in duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion in the guinea pig. Pharmacology 1996; 53:60-5. [PMID: 8875602 DOI: 10.1159/000139415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Since duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) is increased by m-cholinoceptor agonists, it was postulated that protein kinase C (PKC) has a role in this secretion. This premise was examined in guinea pigs, using 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to stimulate bicarbonate production in the perfused duodenum in vivo, and to activate PKC in isolated duodenal enterocytes. TPA (10(-7) mol.kg-1) infused intravenously stimulated active DBS from basal values of 3.64 +/- 0.66 to 8.73 +/- 1.59 mumol.cm-1.10 min-1. This effect was completely blocked by verapamil (4 x 10(-7) mol.kg-1). PKC activity in duodenal enterocytes in the basal state was most abundant in the cytosolic fraction (2,221 +/- 444 U/mg protein) and very low in the particulate fraction (227 +/- 51 U/mg protein). TPA (10(-7) mol.kg-1) caused a time-dependent translocation of the cytosolic, lipid-dependent activity of PKC into the particulate fraction. The effect was maximal at 5 min incubation and was reversed by 30 min. In the particulate fraction, this activity was no longer lipid-dependent, but could be stimulated by Ca2+ alone. These data support the hypothesis that translocation of PKC may contribute to DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Odes
- Gastroenterology Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Reimer R, Odes HS, Beil W, Schwenk M, Muallem R, Sewing KF. Bicarbonate secretion in the guinea pig duodenum: functional characterization of peptide hormone receptors in duodenal enterocytes. Pharmacology 1996; 52:339-46. [PMID: 8844783 DOI: 10.1159/000139400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To get information about the peptide hormone receptors involved in duodenal bicarbonate secretion (DBS) and their cellular location, we determined DBS and adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in response to hormones of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)/secretin family of peptides. DBS was determined in an isolated, perfused (24 mmol/1 NaHCO3) loop of the proximal duodenum in urethane- and indometacin-treated guinea pigs. AC stimulation was measured in isolated, homogenized duodenal enterocytes, the histological evaluation of which revealed their villous origin. VIP (10(-9) to 10(-7) mol x kg-1) dose-dependently increased DBS 3.5-fold (p < 0.01); this effect was completely inhibited by the VIP antagonist [D-p-Cl-Phe6,Leu17]VIP (10(-6) mol x kg-1). Glucagon (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol x kg-1) increased DBS 2.1-fold, while secretin (10(-9) to 10(-6) mol x kg-1) had no effect on DBS, but stimulated pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. VIP concentration-dependently increased AC activity 5.6-fold with an EC50 of 1.3 x 10(-9) mol/l. [D-p-Cl-Phe6,Leu17]VIP caused a rightward shift of the VIP concentration-response curve. A Schild plot analysis yielded a slope of 0.85 +/- 0.11, indicating competitive inhibition. While secretin also stimulated AC activity, although 1,000-fold less potent than VIP, glucagon was ineffective. These data indicate that specific VIP receptors, which mediate VIP-stimulated bicarbonate secretion, are present on villous enterocytes. Stimulation of AC by secretin seems to be of pharmacological relevance only and is consistent with the lack of effect of this hormone on DBS. Glucagon likely activates a second transmitter of bicarbonate secretion, or works independently of AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reimer
- Institute of General Pharmacology, Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Small KW, Stalvey M, Fisher L, Mullen L, Dickel C, Beadles K, Reimer R, Lessner A, Lewis K, Pericak-Vance MA. Blepharophimosis syndrome is linked to chromosome 3q. Hum Mol Genet 1995; 4:443-8. [PMID: 7795600 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.3.443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blepharophimosis syndrome (BPES, blepharophimosis eyelid syndrome) is a distinctive congenital eyelid malformation which can occur sporadically or be inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Previous reports have described associated cytogenetic abnormalities on chromosome 3q. We have ascertained and sampled two BPES families with apparent autosomal dominant inheritance and have tested for linkage with 17 polymorphic markers on 3q. Multipoint analysis generated a maximum LOD score of 3.23 using the markers RHO, ACPP and D3S1238. No evidence of genetic heterogeneity was observed. These studies provide the first non-cytogenetic evidence that a defective gene responsible for BPES is located on 3q22.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Small
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Abstract
The role of somatostatin-14 in duodenal mucosal HCO3- secretion was investigated in anesthetized, indomethacin-treated guinea pigs. Net HCO3- output from the isolated, perfused (24 mM NaHCO3 + 130 mM NaCl) proximal duodenum was measured during intravenous infusion (alone or in combination) of somatostatin-14, carbachol, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). In homogenates of duodenal enterocytes, the effect of these agents on adenylate cyclase activity was studied. Basal duodenal HCO3- secretion (3.5 +/- 0.2 mumol/cm/10 min) was reduced dose dependently by somatostatin-14 (10(-11) mol/kg, 10(-9) mol/kg, and 10(-7) mol/kg). Carbachol, VIP, and PGE2 (all 10(-8) mol/kg) increased basal duodenal HCO3- secretion two- to threefold. Somatostatin-14 (10(-7) mol/kg) abolished the stimulatory effect of carbachol and VIP, but not that of PGE2. Basal adenylate cyclase activity in isolated duodenal enterocytes (9.4 +/- 1.0 pmol cAMP/mg protein/min) was unaltered by somatostatin (10(-6) mol/liter) or carbachol (10(-3) mol/liter). VIP (10(-8) mol/liter) and PGE2 (10(-7) mol/liter) increased adenylate cyclase activity two- to threefold, and these effects were unchanged by somatostatin-14 (10(-6) mol/liter). In conclusion, somatostatin-14 inhibits basal and carbachol- and VIP-stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion, and its mechanism of action is not via inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in duodenal enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Odes
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine why some patients have no improvement after surgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis. DESIGN We conducted a retrospective study of patients who were referred to our institution between 1990 and 1993 because their symptoms were unchanged or worsened after lumbar decompressive laminectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS For the 45 study patients (25 women and 20 men; mean age, 70.8 years), preoperative and postoperative clinical status, preoperative and postoperative imaging studies, and operative reports were analyzed. RESULTS Preoperatively, only 23 patients (51%) had the clinical syndrome of neurogenic claudication, and 15 (33%) had midline low-back pain without a radicular component. Three other patients had peripheral neuropathy, and three had atypical leg pain. Only 10 patients had radiographic evidence of severe lumbar canal stenosis; the others had moderate, mild, or no stenosis. In 10 patients, surgical decompression was inadequate. Only three patients had the triad of neurogenic claudication, radiographically confirmed severe lumbar stenosis, and adequate decompression of the lumbar canal and lateral recesses. CONCLUSION The most common pattern in patients with early failure after lumbar laminectomy was the absence of actual neurogenic claudication coupled with the absence of severe stenosis on preoperative imaging studies. The most common technical error was inadequate neural decompression. These data suggest that the outcome may be improved by more careful selection of patients and by performance of an adequate surgical decompression.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Deen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
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Machens HG, Pallua N, Mailaender P, Pasel J, Frank KH, Reimer R, Berger A. Measurements of tissue blood flow by the hydrogen clearance technique (HCT): a comparative study including laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and the Erlangen micro-lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO). Microsurgery 1995; 16:808-17. [PMID: 8844663 DOI: 10.1002/micr.1920161208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the hydrogen clearance technique (HCT) with two different, well-established techniques, i.e., the laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and the Erlangen micro-lightguide spectrophotometer (EMPHO), for tissue blood flow measurements in an experimental setting. For the animal experiments, we chose a rat model for arterial and venous flap thrombosis, using the epigastric groin flap. Forty male dark Aguty rats were included in the study. The animals were divided into eight groups, each with a different vascular thrombotic model. HCT was used to collect 1,467 measurements, and 2,934 graphs were recorded; 27 measurements (54 graphs) had to be discarded due to faulty electrode placements and electronic noise. In 19 of the 27 discarded measurements the cause of failure was moving of the awaking animal with disruption of the decay signal. The LDF and EMPHO measurements were performed continuously during each measuring phase. Simple and multiple linear regression and paired t-tests were used to compare the three techniques. The reproducibility of registered blood flow values in phases 1, 3, 6 and 7 varied between 7.8% and 13.6% which is in about the same range as LDF and EMPHO. We could not find a significant difference between the three techniques in this regard. The correlation coefficient for HCT and LDF was r = 0.89. For HCT and EMPHO we found r = 0.67. Sensitivity and specificity values for HCT were both 1.0 in detecting arterial and venous flap thrombosis; for LDF we found values of 0.89 and 0.92, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity values for EMPHO were 0.92 and 0.95, respectively. After careful evaluation of three different techniques (HCT, LDF, and EMPHO) for measurements of local tissue blood flow we came to the conclusion that HCT must be favoured as a reliable tool for quantitative measurement of local tissue blood flow and early diagnosis of arterial and venous flap thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Machens
- Clinic for Plastic, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Muallem R, Reimer R, Odes HS, Schwenk M, Beil W, Sewing KF. Role of carbonic anhydrase in basal and stimulated bicarbonate secretion by the guinea pig duodenum. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39:1078-84. [PMID: 8174420 DOI: 10.1007/bf02087561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of carbonic anhydrase in the process of proximal duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion was investigated in the guinea pig. In a series of experiments in vivo, the duodenum was perfused with 24 mmol/liter NaHCO3 solution (+ NaCl for isotonicity) to ensure that active duodenal HCO3- secretion against a concentration gradient was measured. Acetazolamide (80 mg/kg) was infused intravenously to examine the role of carbonic anhydrase on basal and agonist-stimulated HCO3- secretion. Acetazolamide abolished basal HCO3- secretion and significantly decreased HCO3- secretion after stimulation with dibutyryl 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP, 10(-5) mol/kg), dibutyryl 5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (dBcGMP, 10(-5) mol/kg), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10(-6) mol/kg), PGF2 alpha (10(-6) mol/kg), tetradecanoyl-phorbol-acetate (TPA, 10(-7) mol/kg), glucagon (10(-7) mol/kg), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP, 10(-8) mol/kg), and carbachol (10(-8) mol/kg). Utilizing a fluorescence technique, we could detect the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in equal amounts in villous and crypt cells of the proximal duodenal epithelium; no activity was demonstrated in tissues pretreated with acetazolamide. In conclusion, carbonic anhydrase is required for both basal and stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Muallem
- Gastroenterology Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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45
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Schievink WI, Reimer R, Folger WN. Surgical treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension associated with a spinal arachnoid diverticulum. Case report. J Neurosurg 1994; 80:736-9. [PMID: 8151355 DOI: 10.3171/jns.1994.80.4.0736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors present the case of a 22-year-old woman who developed spontaneous intracranial hypotension as a result of a cerebrospinal fluid leak from a thoracic extradural arachnoid diverticulum. The patient was successfully treated by ligation of the diverticulum. The entity of spontaneous intracranial hypotension and its relevance to neurosurgery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Schievink
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida
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46
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Reimer R, Odes HS, Muallem R, Schwenk M, Beil W, Sewing KF. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate is the second messenger of prostaglandin E2- and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-stimulated active bicarbonate secretion by guinea-pig duodenum. Scand J Gastroenterol 1994; 29:153-9. [PMID: 8171284 DOI: 10.3109/00365529409090455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In a guinea-pig model we determined the intracellular events mediating the response of duodenal epithelial cells to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and prostaglandin (PG) E2. Intravenous administration of VIP (10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/kg) and PGE2 (10(-9) to 10(-6) mol/kg) dose-dependently increased duodenal epithelial bicarbonate secretion against an HCO3- concentration gradient, measured by a luminal perfusion technique, in anaesthetized guinea-pigs up to 4.5-fold. This secretion could be mimicked by intraduodenal dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dBcAMP; 10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/kg). Secretin (10(-9) mol/kg) and PGF 2 alpha (10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/kg), both given intravenously, were without effect or considerably less efficient. For VIP and PGE2, specific receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase could be demonstrated in homogenates of isolated duodenal epithelial cells. VIP and PGE2 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity up to sixfold, whereas PGF2 alpha and secretin were considerably less potent and efficient. VIP and PGE2 increased intracellular cyclic AMP levels up to fivefold and ninefold, respectively. This was followed by an increase in cytosolic protein kinase A activity. Bicarbonate secretion was maximal at 30 min. Examination of the subcellular distribution of protein kinase A showed a predominant cytosolic location. These data support the notion the PGE2 and VIP cause bicarbonate secretion by the serial activation of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase A in duodenal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reimer
- Institute of General Pharmacology, Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Abstract
The comparative activity of agonists of duodenal bicarbonate secretion was studied in the anesthetized guinea pig, where the duodenal lumen was perfused with 24 mmol/l NaHCO3 to ensure active secretion of bicarbonate. Agonists were infused alone and in combination. Dibutyryl 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were strong stimulants of bicarbonate secretion. Theophylline, dibutyryl 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate, glucagon and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) were weaker agonists, and secretin had no effect. Combinations of any two of VIP, PGE2 and glucagon depressed bicarbonate secretion, whereas combinations of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha, VIP and PGE2, and glucagon and PGF2 alpha increased bicarbonate secretion. The data indicate that cAMP and other secondary messengers may mediate duodenal bicarbonate secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Odes
- Gastroenterology Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Abstract
We used a laparoscopic technique for the percutaneous placement of the peritoneal end of cerebrospinal fluid shunts in adult patients with obstructive or normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Concurrent with the initial cranial part of the procedure, pneumoperitoneum is established in a routine fashion, and a video-laparoscope and grasping forceps are inserted into the peritoneal cavity. With use of a pacemaker introducer kit, the peritoneal catheter is placed percutaneously under direct laparoscopic vision through a small upper abdominal incision into the peritoneal cavity. At the completion of the procedure, the patency of the assembled shunt system can be verified by observing free flow of cerebrospinal fluid from the catheter tip as the valve is being pumped. We found that this technique is particularly useful in technically challenging cases--for example, those involving obese patients and those who have undergone multiple abdominal operations. No complications associated with the technique were encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Schievink
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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49
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Abstract
Although it is well known that vagal stimulation induces duodenal HCO3- secretion, there is presently no information about the nature of the cholinoceptor and the intracellular signals involved. In a series of experiments performed in a guinea pig duodenal loop model in situ, intravenous carbachol, atropine, pirenzepine, and hexamethonium were used to determine the extent of cholinergic stimulation and the types of cholinoceptors. Carbachol (2 micrograms.kg-1.5 min-1) stimulated HCO3- secretion threefold, and atropine (0.1 mg.kg-1.5 min-1) and pirenzepine (1 mg.kg-1.5 min-1) both abolished this effect. In addition, hexamethonium (0.3 mg.kg-1.5 min-1) inhibited carbachol-stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 5 micrograms.kg-1.5 min-1) stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion, and this action was partly inhibited by atropine (0.1 mg.kg-1.5 min-1) but not by pirenzepine (1 mg.kg-1.5 min-1). [4Cl-D-Phe6,Leu17]VIP (3.3 mg/kg), an antagonist to VIP, reduced basal, VIP-stimulated, and carbachol-stimulated HCO3- secretion. To examine the role of Ca2+ in this process, Ca2+ ionophore A23187, verapamil, and nifedipine were employed. A23187 (5, 50, 500 micrograms.kg-1.5 min-1) stimulated duodenal HCO3- secretion, an effect blocked by the VIP antagonist, and modestly augmented the effect of carbachol. Verapamil (0.2 mg.kg-1.5 min-1) and nifedipine (1.7 mg.kg-1.5 min-1) stopped the effect of carbachol on duodenal HCO3- secretion. These results suggest, that in cholinergic regulation of duodenal HCO3- secretion, the M-cholinoceptor pathway, Ca2+, and VIP are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Odes
- Gastroenterology Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel
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50
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Reimer R, Heim HK, Muallem R, Odes HS, Sewing KF. Eefects of EP-receptor subtype specific agonists and other prostanoids on adenylate cyclase activity of duodenal epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992; 44:485-93. [PMID: 1361678 DOI: 10.1016/0090-6980(92)90142-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Rank order of agonist potency for activation of adenylate cyclase by the naturally occurring prostanoids PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, the stable PGI2 analogue iloprost, and the TXA2 mimetic U 46619, provides evidence for the existence of a distinct PGE-receptor on guinea-pig duodenal enterocytes. The PGE-receptor is likely to be of the EP2-subtype since the specific EP2-agonist 11-deoxy-PGE1 stimulated adenylate cyclase activity with a 20-fold higher potency than the EP1-agonist 17-phenyltrinor-PGE2 and the EP3-agonists MB 28767 and GR 63799. In addition, sulprostone (acting on both EP1- and EP3-receptors) was ineffective. Since the specific EP1-antagonist SC 19220 did not inhibit PGE2-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity, the involvement of EP1-receptors could be further excluded. The synthetic prostaglandin E-analogues misoprostol and nocloprost stimulated adenylate cyclase almost identically, though they were about 10-fold less potent than the natural PGE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Reimer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School, Hanover, FRG
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