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Yao Y, Yuen JSK, Sylvia R, Fennelly C, Cera L, Zhang KL, Li C, Kaplan DL. Cultivated Meat from Aligned Muscle Layers and Adipose Layers Formed from Glutenin Films. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:814-824. [PMID: 38226596 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cultivated meat production is a promising technology to generate meat while reducing the reliance on traditional animal farming. Biomaterial scaffolds are critical components in cultivated meat production, enabling cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and orientation. In the present work, naturally derived glutenin was fabricated into films with and without surface patterning and in the absence of toxic cross-linking or stabilizing agents for cell culture related to cultivated meat goals. The films were stable in culture media for at least 28 days, and the surface patterns induced cell alignment and guided myoblast organization (C2C12s) and served as a substrate for 3T3-L1 adipose cells. The films supported adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation with mass balance considerations (films, cells, and matrix production). Freeze-thaw cycles were applied to remove cells from glutenin films and monitor changes in glutenin mass with respect to culture duration. Extracellular matrix (ECM) extraction was utilized to quantify matrix deposition and changes in the original biomaterial mass over time during cell cultivation. Glutenin films with C2C12s showed mass increases with time due to cell growth and new collagen-based ECM expression during proliferation and differentiation. All mass balances were compared among cell and noncell systems as controls, along with gelatin control films, with time-dependent changes in the relative content of film, matrix deposition, and cell biomass. These data provide a foundation for cell/biomaterial/matrix ratios related to time in culture as well as nutritional and textural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - John S K Yuen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Ryan Sylvia
- MilliporeSigma, Inc., 400 Summit Drive, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Colin Fennelly
- MilliporeSigma, Inc., 400 Summit Drive, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Luca Cera
- MilliporeSigma, Inc., 400 Summit Drive, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803, United States
| | - Kevin Lin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Xiang N, Yao Y, Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Fennelly C, Sylvia R, Schnitzler A, Wong S, Kaplan DL. Edible films for cultivated meat production. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121659. [PMID: 35839585 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffolds are critical components in cultivated meat production for enabling cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and orientation. Currently, there is limited information on the fabrication of edible/biodegradable scaffolds for cultivated meat applications. In the present work, several abundant, naturally derived biomaterials (gelatin, soy, glutenin, zein, cellulose, alginate, konjac, chitosan) were fabricated into films without toxic cross-linking or stabilizing agents. These films were investigated for support of the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of murine and bovine myoblasts. These biomaterials supported cell viability, and the protein-based films showed better cell adhesion than the polysaccharide-based films. Surface patterns induced cell alignment and guided myoblast differentiation and organization on the glutenin and zein films. The mechanical properties of the protein films were also assessed and suggested that a range of properties can be achieved to meet food-related goals. Overall, based on adherence, proliferation, differentiation, mechanics, and material availability, protein-based films, particularly glutenin and zein, showed the most promise for cultivated meat applications. Ultimately, this work presents a comparison of suitable biomaterials for cultivated meat applications and suggests future efforts to optimize scaffolds for efficacy and cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, USA, 02155
| | - Ya Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, USA, 02155
| | - John S K Yuen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, USA, 02155
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, USA, 02155
| | - Colin Fennelly
- MilliporeSigma, Inc., 400 Summit Drive, Burlington, MA, USA, 1803
| | - Ryan Sylvia
- MilliporeSigma, Inc., 400 Summit Drive, Burlington, MA, USA, 1803
| | | | - Shou Wong
- MilliporeSigma, Inc., 400 Summit Drive, Burlington, MA, USA, 1803
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, USA, 02155.
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Martinez J, Aghajani M, Lu Y, Blevins AK, Fan S, Wang M, Killgore JP, Perez SB, Patel J, Carbrello C, Foley S, Sylvia R, Long R, Castro R, Ding Y. Capillary bonding of membranes by viscous polymers: Infiltration kinetics and mechanical integrity of the bonded polymer/membrane structures. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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