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Zilliacus E, Hathaway J, Cicerchia M, Tommiska J, Ahonen S, Seppälä E, Gall K, Scocchia A, Saarinen I, Rantanen M, Schleit J, Kangas-Kontio T, Gentile M, Salmenperä P, Paananen J, Myllykangas S, Koskenvuo J. Diagnostic Yield of Panel Genetic Testing in a Cohort of >200 Patients With Congenital Heart Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Hathaway J, Zilliacus E, Cicerchia M, Tommiska J, Ahonen S, Seppälä E, Gall K, Scocchia A, Saarinen I, Rantanen M, Schleit J, Kangas-Kontio T, Gentile M, Salmenperä P, Paananen J, Myllykangas S, Koskenvuo J. Genetic Testing for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Diagnostic Yield and Findings From a Cohort of Patients Referred for Targeted Panel Testing. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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3
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Hirvonen L, Schroderus-Salo T, Henner A, Ahonen S, Kääriäinen M, Miettunen J, Mikkonen K. Nurses' knowledge of radiation protection: A cross-sectional study. Radiography (Lond) 2019; 25:e108-e112. [PMID: 31582253 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nursing roles are changing, as several countries have amended legislation so that nurses can make referrals for medical imaging examination that utilize ionising radiation. Nevertheless, nurses' radiation knowledge remains a poorly studied concept. The aim of the study was to characterize Finnish nurses' knowledge of radiation use and radiation safety. In this study, nurses were working in operating theaters, first aid clinics and cardiology laboratories. METHODS A cross-sectional design was applied in which data were simultaneously collected from nurses working in eight hospitals. All nurses working in operating theaters, first aid clinics and cardiology laboratories (N = 1500) at the hospitals in Finland were invited to participate in the study. The response rate was 17% (n = 252). The employed Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection (HPKRP) scale included three areas of knowledge: radiation physics, biology and principles of radiation use; radiation protection; and guidelines of safe ionizing radiation use. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that influence these three areas. RESULTS Nurses reported high knowledge levels in radiation protection but low knowledge levels in radiation physics, biology and principles of radiation use. Moreover, nurses who had not received radiation education reported lower knowledges across all three areas than the nurses who had completed education. CONCLUSION This study identified one major factor that significantly affects nurses' radiation knowledge, namely, having completed medical radiation education, as this factor positively influenced all three of the included areas of radiation knowledge factors. Therefore, healthcare organizations should concentrate on providing education to all nurses working with, or exposed to, radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hirvonen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - T Schroderus-Salo
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - A Henner
- Degree Programme in Radiography and Radiation Therapy, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Kiviharjuntie 4, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - S Ahonen
- University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - M Kääriäinen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - J Miettunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - K Mikkonen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Schroderus-Salo T, Hirvonen L, Henner A, Ahonen S, Kääriäinen M, Miettunen J, Mikkonen K. Development and validation of a psychometric scale for assessing healthcare professionals' knowledge in radiation protection. Radiography (Lond) 2019; 25:136-142. [PMID: 30955686 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Healthcare professionals must sufficiently understand ionising radiation and the associated protection measures to avoid unnecessarily exposing patients and staff to ionising radiation. Hence, a proper safety culture is important to lowering health risks. The development and establishment of an instrument that can indicate healthcare professionals' understanding/knowledge of radiation protection concepts can greatly contribute to a good safety culture. The purpose of the present study was to develop and psychometrically test the Healthcare Professional Knowledge of Radiation Protection (HPKRP) self-evaluation scale, which was designed to measure the knowledge level of radiation protection by healthcare professionals working with ionising radiation in a clinical environment. METHODS The presented research employed a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected from eight Finnish hospitals in 2017. A total of 252 eligible nurses responded to the newly developed HPKRP scale. The face and content validity were tested with the Content Validity Index (CVI). Explorative factor analysis was used to test construct validity, whereas reliability was tested with Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS Overall S-CVI for the HPKRP scale was 0.83. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor model for the HcPCRP scale containing 33 items. The first factor was defined by Radiation physics and principles of radiation usage, the second factor by Radiation protection, and the third factor by Guidelines of safe ionising radiation usage. These three factors explained 72% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the scale ranged from 0.93 to 0.96. CONCLUSION The results provide strong evidence for the validity and reliability of the HPKRP scale. Additionally, educators can use the scale to evaluate healthcare students' understanding in radiation safety before and after education.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schroderus-Salo
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - L Hirvonen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - A Henner
- Degree Programme in Radiography and Radiation Therapy, Oulu University of Applied Sciences, Kiviharjuntie 4, 90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - S Ahonen
- Academic Affairs, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - M Kääriäinen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - J Miettunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - K Mikkonen
- Research Unit of Nursing Science and Health Management, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Hämäläinen N, Nwaru BI, Erlund I, Takkinen HM, Ahonen S, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Veijola R, Knip M, Kaila M, Virtanen SM. Serum carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations and risk of asthma in childhood: a nested case-control study. Clin Exp Allergy 2017; 47:401-409. [PMID: 28198577 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antioxidant hypothesis regarding the risk of asthma in childhood has resulted in inconsistent findings. Some data indicate that the role of antioxidants in childhood asthma risk may have a critical time window of effect, but only a well-designed longitudinal cohort study can clarify this hypothesis. OBJECTIVE To study the longitudinal associations between serum carotenoid and tocopherol concentrations during the first 4 years of life and asthma risk by the age of 5 years. METHODS Based on a case-control design nested within a Finnish birth cohort, 146 asthma cases were matched to 270 controls on birth time, sex, genetic risk, and birth place. Non-fasting blood samples were collected at the ages of 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 years and serum carotenoids and tocopherols were analysed. Parents reported the presence and age at start of persistent doctor-diagnosed asthma in the child at the age of 5 years. Data analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS We did not find strong associations between serum carotenoids and tocopherols and the risk of asthma based on age-specific and longitudinal analyses. Both lower and higher quarters of α-carotene and γ-tocopherol increased the risk of asthma. CONCLUSIONS The current findings do not support the suggestion that the increased prevalence of asthma may be a consequence of decreased intake of antioxidant nutrients. Moreover, we did not confirm any critical time window of impact of antioxidants on asthma risk. Replication of these findings in similar longitudinal settings will strengthen this evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hämäläinen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - B I Nwaru
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Centre for Medical Informatics, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - I Erlund
- The Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H-M Takkinen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Nutrition Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Ahonen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere Center for Child Health Research, School of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,The Science Centre of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Toppari
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - R Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Kaila
- Public Health Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S M Virtanen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Nutrition Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Tampere Center for Child Health Research, School of Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,The Science Centre of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
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Hakola L, Takkinen HM, Niinistö S, Ahonen S, Erlund I, Rautanen J, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Toppari J, Knip M, Virtanen SM, Lehtinen-Jacks S. Maternal fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the development of childhood overweight: a birth cohort study. Pediatr Obes 2017; 12 Suppl 1:26-37. [PMID: 27378525 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal diet during pregnancy may contribute to the risk of offspring adiposity. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to explore the associations between maternal antenatal dietary fatty acid intake and the risk of offspring overweight and obesity at the ages of 2 to 7 years. METHODS In a prospective Finnish birth cohort with 3807 mother-child pairs, maternal diet in late pregnancy was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Intakes of total fatty acids and individual saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were calculated. Generalized estimating equation models were used to study the associations of maternal dietary variables with repeatedly measured offspring overweight and obesity. RESULTS In girls, maternal intake ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFAs had a U-shaped association with obesity (adjusted OR for the lowest 2.0 [95% CI 1.27-3.20] and the highest 1.7 [1.03-2.73] vs. the two middle quartiles of n-6:n-3 PUFAs, p = 0.01). In boys, arachidonic acid (20:4n-6): docosahexaenoic acid + eicosapentaenoic acid ratio was associated with obesity (adjusted OR for the lowest 1.0 [0.60-1.57] and the highest 0.5 [0.26-0.88] vs. the two middle quartiles, p = 0.02). Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were not associated with overweight or obesity in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Maternal intakes of PUFAs in late pregnancy were associated with risk of later obesity differently in girls and boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hakola
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - H-M Takkinen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Niinistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Ahonen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - I Erlund
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Rautanen
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - J Toppari
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - M Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S M Virtanen
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,The Science Center of Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland.,Center for Child Health Research, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - S Lehtinen-Jacks
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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7
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Niinistö S, Takkinen HM, Uusitalo L, Rautanen J, Vainio N, Ahonen S, Nevalainen J, Kenward MG, Lumia M, Simell O, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Maternal intake of fatty acids and their food sources during lactation and the risk of preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:763-72. [PMID: 25563476 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined maternal dietary intake of fatty acids and foods which are sources of fatty acids during lactation and whether they are associated with the risk of preclinical and clinical type 1 diabetes in the offspring. METHODS The subjects comprised a cohort of 2,939 mother-child pairs from the prospective Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. Composition of maternal diet during the third month of lactation was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Among the children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, 172 developed preclinical and 81 clinical diabetes. Average follow-up for preclinical type 1 diabetes was 7.5 years (range 0.2-14.0 years) and for clinical type 1 diabetes 7.7 years (0.2-14.0 years). RESULTS Maternal intake of fatty acids during lactation was not associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. After adjusting for putative confounders, maternal total consumption of red meat and meat products during lactation was associated both with increased risk for preclinical [hazard ratio (HR) 1.19, 95 % CI 1.02-1.40, p = 0.038] and clinical type 1 diabetes (HR 1.27, 95 % CI 1.06-1.52, p = 0.025). In particular, consumption of processed meat products showed an association with increased risk for type 1 diabetes (HR 1.23, 95 % CI 1.02-1.48, p = 0.045). Maternal use of vegetable oils was associated with increased risk for preclinical type 1 diabetes (HR 1.21, 95 % CI 1.03-1.41, p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Maternal consumption of red meat, especially processed meat, during lactation may increase the risk of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Niinistö
- Nutrition Unit, Department of Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271, Helsinki, Finland,
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8
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Nwaru BI, Takkinen HM, Niemelä O, Kaila M, Erkkola M, Ahonen S, Tuomi H, Haapala AM, Kenward MG, Pekkanen J, Lahesmaa R, Kere J, Simell O, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Hyöty H, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Introduction of complementary foods in infancy and atopic sensitization at the age of 5 years: timing and food diversity in a Finnish birth cohort. Allergy 2013; 68:507-16. [PMID: 23510377 DOI: 10.1111/all.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the associations between timing and diversity of introduction of complementary foods during infancy and atopic sensitization in 5-year-old children. METHODS In the Finnish DIPP (type 1 diabetes prediction and prevention) birth cohort (n = 3781), data on the timing of infant feeding were collected up to the age of 2 years and serum IgE antibodies toward four food and four inhalant allergens measured at the age of 5 years. Logistic regression was used for the analyses. RESULTS Median duration of exclusive and total breastfeeding was 1.4 (interquartile range: 0.2-3.5) and 7.0 (4.0-11.0) months, respectively. When all the foods were studied together and adjusted for confounders, short duration of breastfeeding decreased the risk of sensitization to birch allergen; introduction of oats <5.1 months and barley <5.5 months decreased the risk of sensitization to wheat and egg allergens, and oats additionally associated with milk, timothy grass, and birch allergens. Introduction of rye <7.0 months decreased the risk of sensitization to birch allergen. Introduction of fish <6 months and egg ≤11 months decreased the risk of sensitization to all the specific allergens studied. The introduction of <3 food items at 3 months was associated with sensitization to wheat, timothy grass, and birch allergens; the introduction of 1-2 food items at 4 months and ≤4 food items at 6 months was associated with all endpoints, but house dust mite. These results were particularly evident among high-risk children when the results were stratified by atopic history, indicating the potential for reverse causality. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of complementary foods was consecutively done, and with respect to the timing of each food, early introduction of complementary foods may protect against atopic sensitization in childhood, particularly among high-risk children. Less food diversity as already at 3 months of age may increase the risk of atopic sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. I. Nwaru
- School of Health Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere; Finland
| | - H.-M. Takkinen
- School of Health Sciences; University of Tampere; Tampere; Finland
| | - O. Niemelä
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit; Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere; Tampere; Finland
| | | | - M. Erkkola
- Division of Nutrition; Department of Food and Environmental Sciences; University of Helsinki; Finland
| | | | - H. Tuomi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Unit; Seinäjoki Central Hospital and University of Tampere; Tampere; Finland
| | - A.-M. Haapala
- Center for Laboratory Medicine; Pirkanmaa Hospital District; Finland
| | - M. G. Kenward
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine; London; UK
| | | | - R. Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku; Finland
| | | | - O. Simell
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Turku; Finland
| | - R. Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Oulu; Finland
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Virtanen SM, Uusitalo L, Kenward MG, Nevalainen J, Uusitalo U, Kronberg-Kippilä C, Ovaskainen ML, Arkkola T, Niinistö S, Hakulinen T, Ahonen S, Simell O, Ilonen J, Veijola R, Knip M. Maternal food consumption during pregnancy and risk of advanced β-cell autoimmunity in the offspring. Pediatr Diabetes 2011; 12:95-9. [PMID: 21352426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2010.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for a putative role of maternal diet during pregnancy in the development of β-cell autoimmunity in the child is scarce. The authors study the association of food consumption during pregnancy and the development of β-cell autoimmunity in the offspring. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A prospective Finnish birth cohort of 4297 infants with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and their mothers. Blood samples were collected from the children at 3-12 months intervals to measure type 1 diabetes-associated antibodies: antibodies against islet cells (ICA), insulin, glutamate dehydroxylase, and islet antigen 2. The mothers completed a validated food frequency questionnaire. The end-point was repeated positivity for ICA together with at least one of the other three antibodies. Piecewise-exponential survival models were used. The effective sample size was 3723, with 138 end-points. The median follow-up time was 4.4 years. RESULTS Maternal consumption of butter, low-fat margarines, berries, and coffee were inversely associated with the development of advanced β-cell autoimmunity in the offspring, adjusted for genetic risk group and familial diabetes. These associations for low-fat margarines (use vs. non-use HR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38-0.93, p = 0.02), berries (continuous variable HR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83-0.98, p = 0.02) and coffee (highest quarter vs. lowest HR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40-0.97, p = 0.04), remained significant when adjusting for potential confounding sociodemographic, perinatal, and other dietary factors. CONCLUSIONS In this study assessing total food consumption of the mother during pregnancy, only few among the 27 food groups tested were weakly related to the development of advanced β-cell autoimmunity in Finnish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Virtanen
- Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland.
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10
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Erkkola M, Kaila M, Nwaru BI, Kronberg-Kippilä C, Ahonen S, Nevalainen J, Veijola R, Pekkanen J, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Maternal vitamin D intake during pregnancy is inversely associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis in 5-year-old children. Clin Exp Allergy 2009; 39:875-82. [PMID: 19522996 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2009.03234.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D is known to have a number of immunological effects and it may play a role in preventing allergic diseases. Objectives To study the effect of maternal intake of vitamin D during pregnancy on the emergence of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic eczema by the age of 5 years in children with HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility for type 1 diabetes. METHODS Children (1669) participating in the population-based birth cohort study were followed for asthma, AR, and atopic eczema assessed by validated questionnaire at 5 years. Maternal diet was assessed by a food-frequency questionnaire. RESULTS The mean maternal intake of vitamin D was 5.1 (SD 2.6) microg from food and 1.4 (2.6) microg from supplements. Only 32% of the women were taking vitamin D supplements. When adjusted for potential confounders, maternal intake of vitamin D from food was negatively related to risk of asthma [hazard ratio (HR) 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.64-0.99] and AR [HR 0.85; 95% CI 0.75-0.97]. Vitamin D supplements alone were not associated with any outcome. Adjustment for maternal intake of other dietary factors did not change the results. CONCLUSION Maternal vitamin D intake from foods during pregnancy may be negatively associated with risk of asthma and AR in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Erkkola
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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11
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Virtanen SM, Kenward MG, Erkkola M, Kautiainen S, Kronberg-Kippilä C, Hakulinen T, Ahonen S, Uusitalo L, Niinistö S, Veijola R, Simell O, Ilonen J, Knip M. Age at introduction of new foods and advanced beta cell autoimmunity in young children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49:1512-21. [PMID: 16596359 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-006-0236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2005] [Accepted: 02/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Evidence for the role of infant feeding in the development of beta cell autoimmunity is inconsistent. We set out to study the effects of breastfeeding and of age at introduction of supplementary foods on the development of beta cell autoimmunity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A prospective birth cohort of 3,565 infants with HLA-DQB1-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes was recruited between 1996 and 2001 from two university hospital areas in Finland. Blood samples were collected at 3- to 12-month intervals to measure antibodies against islet cells, insulin, glutamate dehydroxylase and islet antigen 2. The families kept a record on the age at introduction of new foods, and for each visit completed a structured dietary questionnaire. The endpoint was repeated positivity for islet cell antibodies together with at least one of the other three antibodies. RESULTS The overall or exclusive duration of breastfeeding was not associated with the risk of developing the endpoint. An early age at introduction of fruits and berries (< or =4 months) was related to increased risk of developing positivity for the endpoint (hazard ratio [95% CI] for earliest tertile 2.02 [1.03-3.95] and for midtertile 1.97 [1.06-3.64] compared with latest tertile >4 months). Also, introducing roots between 3 and 3.9 months (midtertile) was related to increased risk of the endpoint (hazard ratio [95% CI] for the earliest tertile 1.04 [0.57-1.90] and for midtertile 1.82 [1.19-2.79] compared with latest tertile). These associations were independent of several putative socio-demographic and perinatal confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that an early age at introduction of fruits and berries and roots associates independently with beta cell autoimmunity, contradicting earlier findings from smaller birth cohort studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Virtanen
- Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300, Helsinki, Finland.
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Räsänen M, Kronberg-Kippilä C, Ahonen S, Uusitalo L, Kautiainen S, Erkkola M, Veijola R, Knip M, Kaila M, Virtanen SM. Intake of vitamin D by Finnish children aged 3 months to 3 years in relation to sociodemographic factors. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60:1317-22. [PMID: 16775583 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the total daily intake of vitamin D from food and supplements among Finnish children aged 3 months to 3 years, the dietary sources of vitamin D and the association between vitamin D intake and sociodemographic factors. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects are participants in the Finnish Type I Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Nutrition Study born between October 1997 and October 1998. At the age of 3 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years, 342 (72% of the invited families), 298 (63%), 267 (56%), 233 (49%) and 209 (44%) families, respectively, participated in the present study. Food consumption was assessed by a 3-day food record. A structured questionnaire was used to record the parents' socioeconomic status. RESULTS The mean dietary vitamin D intake exceeded the recommendation (10 microg/day) at the age of 3 (11.0 microg) and 6 months (12.0 microg), but decreased thereafter being 9.8, 5.0 and 4.1 microg at 1, 2 and 3 years of age, respectively. Among the children 91, 91, 81, 42 and 26% used vitamin D supplements at the age of 3 and 6 months, and 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. In children not using vitamin D supplements, vitamin D intake was less than 10 microg/day at all ages. Vitamin D intake from food did not differ in children who used and did not use vitamin D supplements. Vitamin D supplements were the main source of vitamin D intake in all age groups studied, followed by vitamin D-fortified infant formula in 3-month-olds and infant formula and baby foods in 6-month-olds. After the age of 1 year, the most important food sources of vitamin D were margarine, fish, baby foods, low-fat milk and eggs. Sociodemographic factors, especially the number of children in the family and maternal age, were associated with the total vitamin D intake and vitamin D supplement use. CONCLUSION Vitamin D supplements are not used according to the dietary recommendations in a substantial proportion of Finnish children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Räsänen
- Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Finland
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Kärkkäinen MU, Lamberg-Allardt CJ, Ahonen S, Välimäki M. Does it make a difference how and when you take your calcium? The acute effects of calcium on calcium and bone metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74:335-42. [PMID: 11522557 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium supplements are widely used to prevent osteoporosis. However, little is known about the metabolic effects of different dosages and of the timing of the dosages. OBJECTIVE The aim was to study the effects of the timing of the dose (study 1), the effects of the size of the dose (study 2), and the effects of small repetitive doses (study 3) of calcium on calcium and bone metabolism in women. DESIGN The investigation was conducted in 3 parts, each with 10 participants. In study 1, calcium loads (0 and 25 mg/kg body wt) were taken at 0900 and 2100. In study 2, calcium loads of 0, 250, and 1000 mg were taken at 0900. In study 3, calcium loads of 0 and 200 mg were taken 4 times/d. Markers of calcium and bone metabolism were followed. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the response of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) to the calcium load taken at 0900 and that at 2100. There was a significant dose-response effect of the calcium load on serum ionized calcium (P = 0.00005) and serum PTH (P = 0.0003). Small calcium doses (200 mg) taken 4 times/d kept the PTH secretion at a lower level than during the control day (P = 0.016). None of the doses caused significant changes in the markers of bone formation and resorption measured. CONCLUSIONS The calcium loads had no significant effect on the markers of bone formation and resorption measured, although even small calcium doses decreased serum PTH and increased serum ionized calcium concentrations rapidly. The effect was similar whether calcium was taken in the morning or in the evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Kärkkäinen
- Calcium Research Unit, the Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, and the Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Ojala R, Ala-Houhala M, Ahonen S, Harmoinen A, Turjanmaa V, Ikonen S, Tammela O. Renal follow up of premature infants with and without perinatal indomethacin exposure. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001; 84:F28-33. [PMID: 11124920 PMCID: PMC1721186 DOI: 10.1136/fn.84.1.f28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate early childhood renal growth, structure, and function in children born at less than 33 weeks gestation and to investigate possible independent effects of perinatal indomethacin exposure. METHODS A total of 66 children born at less than 33 weeks gestation, 31 of them with perinatal indomethacin exposure (study group) and 35 without (control group), were examined at 2-4 years of age. Serum cystatin C and protein; plasma creatinine, sodium, and potassium; urine protein, calcium:creatinine ratios, and alpha(1) microglobulin; and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were determined. Renal sonography examinations were performed. RESULTS The mean serum cystatin C concentrations were slightly higher in the control group than in the study group. Mean values of serum protein, and plasma creatinine and sodium did not differ between the groups, neither did median plasma potassium concentrations and urine protein:creatinine and calcium:creatinine ratios. None had tubular proteinuria. Abnormal GFR (<89 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) was found in one case in each group and renal structural abnormalities in five in each group. In logistic regression analysis the duration of umbilical artery catheter (UAC) use and furosemide treatment emerged as the significant independent risk factors for renal structural abnormalities. Furosemide treatment and assisted ventilation remained the risk factors associated with renal abnormalities in general-that is, functional and/or structural abnormal findings. CONCLUSION Perinatal indomethacin does not seem to affect long term renal growth, structure, or function in children born at less than 33 weeks gestation. Duration of UAC use, furosemide treatment, and assisted ventilation may be correlated with later renal structural and functional abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ojala
- Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, FIN 33521, Tampere, Finland.
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Varga V, Ahonen S, Saransaari P, Lehmann A, Sandberg M, Oja S. 183 L-cysteine neurotoxicity in the developing central nervous syste. Int J Dev Neurosci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(96)80372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
Ambient air lead concentrations have been measured in Helsinki since 1978. The mean concentrations at various stations reached maximum values in 1980, being then 209-1150 ng/m3. From 1980 to 1991 the concentrations decreased to one-eighth (335-41 ng/m3) at the three stations where measurements were made continuously. Concomitantly the estimated annual lead emissions in Helsinki decreased from 78 to 9 tons, mainly owing to the reduced emissions of lead in exhaust gases from road traffic. The mean concentration of lead in the blood of children in day-care centres was 46 micrograms/l in 1983 and 30 micrograms/l 5 years later. Similar concentrations were found in blood samples from a day-care centre beside a street with heavy traffic and in those from an area with less traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pönkä
- Helsinki City Center of the Environment, Finland
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