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Cary CM, Fournier SB, Adams S, Wang X, Yurkow EJ, Stapleton PA. Single pulmonary nanopolystyrene exposure in late-stage pregnancy dysregulates maternal and fetal cardiovascular function. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:149-159. [PMID: 38366927 PMCID: PMC11057520 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale production and waste of plastic materials have resulted in widespread environmental contamination by the breakdown product of bulk plastic materials to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs). The small size of these particles enables their suspension in the air, making pulmonary exposure inevitable. Previous work has demonstrated that xenobiotic pulmonary exposure to nanoparticles during gestation leads to maternal vascular impairments, as well as cardiovascular dysfunction within the fetus. Few studies have assessed the toxicological consequences of maternal nanoplastic (NP) exposure; therefore, the objective of this study was to assess maternal and fetal health after a single maternal pulmonary exposure to polystyrene NP in late gestation. We hypothesized that this acute exposure would impair maternal and fetal cardiovascular function. Pregnant rats were exposed to nanopolystyrene on gestational day 19 via intratracheal instillation. 24 h later, maternal and fetal health outcomes were evaluated. Cardiovascular function was assessed in dams using vascular myography ex vivo and in fetuses in vivo function was measured via ultrasound. Both fetal and placental weight were reduced after maternal exposure to nanopolystyrene. Increased heart weight and vascular dysfunction in the aorta were evident in exposed dams. Maternal exposure led to vascular dysfunction in the radial artery of the uterus, a resistance vessel that controls blood flow to the fetoplacental compartment. Function of the fetal heart, fetal aorta, and umbilical artery after gestational exposure was dysregulated. Taken together, these data suggest that exposure to NPs negatively impacts maternal and fetal health, highlighting the concern of MNPs exposure on pregnancy and fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Cary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - S B Fournier
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - S Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - X Wang
- Molecular Imaging Core, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - E J Yurkow
- Molecular Imaging Core, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - P A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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D'Errico JN, Fournier SB, Stapleton PA. Considering intrauterine location in a model of fetal growth restriction after maternal titanium dioxide nanoparticle inhalation. Front Toxicol 2021; 3:643804. [PMID: 33997857 PMCID: PMC8121264 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.643804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a condition with several underlying etiologies including gestational disease (e.g., preeclampsia, gestational diabetes) and xenobiotic exposure (e.g., environmental contaminants, pharmaceuticals, recreational drugs). Rodent models allow study of FGR pathogenesis. However, given the multiparous rodent pregnancy, fetal growth variability within uterine horns may arise. To ascertain whether intrauterine position is a determinant of fetal growth, we redesigned fetal weight analysis to include litter size and maternal weight. Our FGR model is produced by exposing pregnant Sprague Dawley rats to aerosolized titanium dioxide nanoparticles at 9.44 ± 0.26 mg/m3 on gestational day (GD) 4, GD 12 or GD 17 or 9.53 ± 1.01 mg/m3 between GD 4-GD 19. In this study fetal weight data was reorganized by intrauterine location [i.e., right/left uterine horn and ovarian/middle/vaginal position] and normalized by maternal weight and number of feti per uterine horn. A significant difference in fetal weight in the middle location in controls (0.061g ± 0.001 vs. 0.055g ± 0.002), GD 4 (0.033g ± 0.003 vs. 0.049g ± 0.004), and GD 17 (0.047g ± 0.002 vs. 0.038g ± 0.002) exposed animals was identified. Additionally, GD 4 exposure produced significantly smaller feti in the right uterine horn at the ovarian end (0.052g ± 0.003 vs. 0.029g ± 0.003) and middle of the right uterine horn (0.060g ± 0.001 vs. 0.033g ± 0.003). GD 17 exposure produced significantly smaller feti in the left uterine horn middle location (0.055g ± 0.002 vs. 0.033 ± 0.002). Placental weights were unaffected, and placental efficiency was reduced in the right uterine horn middle location after GD 17 exposure (5.74g ± 0.16 vs. 5.09g ± 0.14). These findings identified: 1) differences in fetal weight of controls between the right and left horns in the middle position, and 2) differential effects of single whole-body pulmonary exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles on fetal weight by position and window of maternal exposure. In conclusion, these results indicate that consideration for intrauterine position, maternal weight, and number of feti per horn provides a more sensitive assessment of FGR from rodent reproductive and developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. N. D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - S. B. Fournier
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - P. A. Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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Abstract
Normal pregnancy outcome is accomplished, in part, by rapid and expansive physiological adaptations to the systemic circulation, the extent of which is specific to gestational day (GD) and anatomical location. Pregnancy-related hemodynamic changes in uterine placental blood flow stimulate compensatory vascular signaling and remodeling that begins early and continues throughout gestation. Exposure of the maternal environment to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) during pregnancy has been shown to impact health of the dam, fetus, and adult offspring; however, the consequences of specific temporal (gestational age) and spatial (vascular location) considerations are largely undetermined. We exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats to nano-TiO2 aerosols at three critical periods of fetal development (GD 4, 12, and 17) to identify vascular perturbations associated with ENM exposure at these developmental milestones. Vascular reactivity of the maternal thoracic aorta, the uterine artery, the umbilical vein, and the fetal thoracic aorta were evaluated using wire myography on GD 20. While impairments were noted at each level of the maternofetal vascular tree and at each exposure day, our results indicate the greatest effects may be identified within the fetal vasculature (umbilical vein and fetal aorta), wherein effects of a single maternal inhalational exposure to nano-TiO2 on GD 4 modified responses to cholinergic, NO, and α-adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Fournier
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - S Kallontzi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - L Fabris
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - C Love
- Biology and Environmental Studies, Grinnell College, 1116 Eighth Ave, Grinnell, IA, 50112, USA
| | - P A Stapleton
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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D'Errico JN, Doherty C, Fournier SB, Renkel N, Kallontzi S, Goedken M, Fabris L, Buckley B, Stapleton PA. Identification and quantification of gold engineered nanomaterials and impaired fluid transfer across the rat placenta via ex vivo perfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109148. [PMID: 31347503 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and implementation of products incorporating nanoparticles are occurring at a rapid pace. These particles are widely utilized in domestic, occupational, and biomedical applications. Currently, it is unclear if pregnant women will be able to take advantage of the potential biomedical nanoproducts out of concerns associated with placental transfer and fetal interactions. We recently developed an ex vivo rat placental perfusion technique to allow for the evaluation of xenobiotic transfer and placental physiological perturbations. In this study, a segment of the uterine horn and associated placenta was isolated from pregnant (gestational day 20) Sprague-Dawley rats and placed into a modified pressure myography vessel chamber. The proximal and distal ends of the maternal uterine artery and the vessels of the umbilical cord were cannulated, secured, and perfused with physiological salt solution (PSS). The proximal uterine artery and umbilical artery were pressurized at 80 mmHg and 50 mmHg, respectively, to allow countercurrent flow through the placenta. After equilibration, a single 900 μL bolus dose of 20 nm gold engineered nanoparticles (Au-ENM) was introduced into the proximal maternal artery. Distal uterine and umbilical vein effluents were collected every 10 min for 180 min to measure placental fluid dynamics. The quantification of Au-ENM transfer was conducted via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Overall, we were able to measure Au-ENM within uterine and umbilical effluent with 20 min of material infusion. This novel methodology may be widely incorporated into studies of pharmacology, toxicology, and placental physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - C Doherty
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - S B Fournier
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - N Renkel
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - S Kallontzi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - M Goedken
- Research Pathology Services, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - L Fabris
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - B Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - P A Stapleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are widely used in commercial, domestic, and more recently biomedical applications. While the majority of exposures to ENM are unintentional, biomedical platforms are being evaluated for use in individualized and/or tissue-targeted therapies. Treatments are often avoided during prenatal periods to reduce adverse effects on the developing fetus. The placenta is central to maternal-fetal medicine. Perturbation of placental functions can limit transfer of necessary nutrients, alter production of hormones needed during pregnancy, or allow undesired passage of xenobiotics to the developing fetus. The development of therapeutics to target specific maternal, placental, or fetal tissues would be especially important to reduce or circumvent toxicities. Therefore, this review will discuss the potential use of ENM in perinatal medicine, the applicable physiochemical properties of ENM in therapeutic use, and current methodologies of ENM testing in perinatal medicine, and identify maternal, fetal, and offspring concerns associated with ENM exposure during gestation. As potential nanoparticle-based therapies continue to develop, so does the need for thorough consideration and evaluation for use in perinatal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Fournier
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - J N D'Errico
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - P A Stapleton
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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DeVallance E, Fournier SB, Donley DA, Bonner DE, Lee K, Frisbee JC, Chantler PD. Is obesity predictive of cardiovascular dysfunction independent of cardiovascular risk factors? Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:244-53. [PMID: 24957486 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is thought to exert detrimental effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. However, this relationship is impacted by the co-occurrence of CV risk factors, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and overt disease. We examined the relationships between obesity, assessed by body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), and CV function in 102 subjects without overt CV disease. We hypothesized that obesity would be independently predictive of CV remodeling and functional differences, especially at peak exercise. METHODS Brachial (bSBP) and central (cSBP) systolic pressure, carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWVcf) augmentation index (AGI; by SphygmoCor), and carotid remodeling (B-mode ultrasound) were examined at rest. Further, peak exercise cardiac imaging (Doppler ultrasound) was performed to measure the coupling between the heart and arterial system. RESULTS In backward elimination regression models, accounting for CV risk factors, neither BMI nor WC were predictors of carotid thickness or PWVcf; rather age, triglycerides and hypertension were the main determinants. However, BMI and WC predicted carotid cross-sectional area and lumen diameter. When examining the relationship between body size and SBP, BMI (β=0.32) and WC (β=0.25) were predictors of bSBP (P<0.05), whereas, BMI was the only predictor of cSBP (β=0.22, P<0.05) indicating a differential relationship between cSBP, bSBP and body size. Further, BMI (β=-0.26) and WC (β=-0.27) were independent predictors of AGI (P<0.05). As for resting cardiac diastolic function, WC seemed to be a better predictor than BMI. However, both BMI and WC were inversely and independently related to arterial-elastance (net arterial load) and end-systolic elastance (cardiac contractility) at rest and peak exercise. CONCLUSION These findings illustrate that obesity, without T2DM and overt CV disease, and after accounting for CV risk factors, is susceptible to pathophysiological adaptations that may predispose individuals to an increased risk of CV events.
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Affiliation(s)
- E DeVallance
- 1] Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA [2] Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - S B Fournier
- 1] Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA [2] Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D A Donley
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - D E Bonner
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - K Lee
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - J C Frisbee
- 1] Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA [2] Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - P D Chantler
- 1] Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA [2] Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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