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Balestrino R, Martone T, Toffoli M, Montanaro E, Fabbri M, Artusi CA, Romagnolo A, Zibetti M, Rizzone M, Goldwurm S, Lopiano L, Schapira AHV. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion (LCIG) in Parkinson disease with genetic mutations. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1489-1497. [PMID: 37926749 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel infusion (LCIG) is a therapeutic option for advanced Parkinson disease (PD) patients with troublesome motor complications, unresponsive to conventional oral treatment. There is some evidence to suggest that the genetic background may influence the clinical presentation and rate of progression of PD. Whether the genetic background influences the outcome of device-assisted therapies is currently debated. Some studies have investigated the effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in PD patients with different genetic background, while evidence is lacking regarding LCIG. METHODS A cohort of LCIG patients underwent genetic testing. The motor and neuropsychological outcomes of LCIG were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Fifty-six patients were analyzed, nine of them (15%) had at least one mutation/variant in a PD-associated gene: five GBA1, two SNCA, one LRRK2, one PRKN; 13 (23%) carried the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. The mean duration of follow-up was 4.9 ± 2.6 years. There were no significant differences in motor or neuropsychological outcomes between patients with and without these gene mutations/variants. No cognitive worsening was observed at follow-up among GBA-PD patients, and they responded well to LCIG in terms of motor symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we observed a significant benefit in terms of motor complications in our cohort, including patients carrying genetic mutations/variants. Due to the small sample and limited number of patients carrying genetic mutations/variants, no definitive conclusions can be drawn yet on the genotype impact on LCIG outcome. A careful selection of patients, regardless of the genetic background, is pivotal for an optimal outcome of LCIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Balestrino
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
- Neurology 2 Unit, A.O.U., Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88, 10124, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Radiosurgery, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Neurology and Neurorehabiliation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - T Martone
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - M Toffoli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - E Montanaro
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 2 Unit, A.O.U., Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - M Fabbri
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center 1436, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and NeuroToul COEN Center, Toulouse University Hospital, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Center, Toulouse, France
| | - C A Artusi
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 2 Unit, A.O.U., Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - A Romagnolo
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 2 Unit, A.O.U., Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - M Zibetti
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 2 Unit, A.O.U., Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - M Rizzone
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 2 Unit, A.O.U., Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - S Goldwurm
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - L Lopiano
- Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 2 Unit, A.O.U., Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, Corso Bramante 88, 10124, Turin, Italy
| | - A H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Borroni B, Goldwurm S, Cerini C, Cosseddu M, Meucci N, Mariani C, Pezzoli G, Padovani A. Familial aggregation in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome. Eur J Neurol 2015; 18:195-7. [PMID: 20482608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on familial aggregation might be of help to evaluate whether the genetic background has a key role in Progressive Supranuclar Palsy (PSP) and Corticobasal Syndrome (CBS). Only a few studies are available. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of positive family history (FH) in PSP and CBS in a large sample of patients. METHODS Two hundred and thirty patients and 110 controls entered the study. Patients underwent an extensive clinical, neurological and neuropsychological assessment as well as a structural brain imaging study. A clinical follow-up further confirmed the diagnosis. Familial aggregation was carefully recorded by a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-nine PSP (age at onset = 66.6 +/- 7.3, female = 46.1%) and 101 CBS (age at onset = 62.8 +/- 8.9, female = 41.6%) were consecutively enrolled. Positive FH was found in 31.8% of PSP (n = 41) and in 31.7% of CBS (n = 32). Familial aggregation was lower in the age-matched control group compared to patient group (21.8%, P = 0.05). Patients with PSP had higher positive FH for Parkinsonism (63.4%) when compared to FH for dementia (36.6%). In CBS, FH was equally distributed between Parkinsonism (53.1%) and dementia (46.9%). In addition, FH was not associated with age at disease onset in PSP (FH+ versus FH-, 67.0 +/- 7.3 vs. 66.7 +/- 7.1, P = 0.788) and in CBS (62.6 +/- 7.9 vs. 62.9 +/- 9.5, P= 0.877). CONCLUSIONS These results argue for familial aggregation in PSP and CBS, further underlying the importance of genetic background in these disorders. Further studies on possible genetic modulators or genetic epistasis contributing to PSP and CBS development are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Neurology Unit, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Cereda E, Klersy C, Cilia R, Canesi M, Zecchinelli A, Mariani C, Tesei S, Sacilotto G, Meucci N, Zini M, Isaias I, Cassani E, Goldwurm S, Barichella M, Pezzoli G. PP213-SUN: Swallowing Disturbances in Parkinson’s Disease. Clin Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(14)50255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Srulijes K, Hauser AK, Guella I, Asselta R, Brockmann K, Schulte C, Soldà G, Cilia R, Maetzler W, Schols L, Wenning GK, Poewe W, Barone P, Wüllner U, Oertel W, Berg D, Goldwurm S, Gasser T. No association of GBA mutations and multiple system atrophy. Eur J Neurol 2013; 20:e61-2. [PMID: 23490118 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ruffmann C, Giaccone G, Canesi M, Bramerio M, Goldwurm S, Gambacorta M, Rossi G, Tagliavini F, Pezzoli G. Atypical tauopathy in a patient with LRRK2-G2019S mutation and tremor-dominant Parkinsonism. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2012; 38:382-6. [PMID: 21883375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01216.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sironi F, Primignani P, Goldwurm S. Comment on "compound heterozygosity in DJ-1 gene non-coding portion related to Parkinsonism". Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010; 16:360-1; author reply 362-3. [PMID: 20227322 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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D'Angelo R, Barzaghi C, Giovanetti A, Albanese A, Goldwurm S, Garavaglia B. P3.030 GBA mutations and Parkinson disease in Italian population. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(09)70594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tobin JE, Latourelle JC, Lew MF, Klein C, Suchowersky O, Shill HA, Golbe LI, Mark MH, Growdon JH, Wooten GF, Racette BA, Perlmutter JS, Watts R, Guttman M, Baker KB, Goldwurm S, Pezzoli G, Singer C, Saint-Hilaire MH, Hendricks AE, Williamson S, Nagle MW, Wilk JB, Massood T, Laramie JM, DeStefano AL, Litvan I, Nicholson G, Corbett A, Isaacson S, Burn DJ, Chinnery PF, Pramstaller PP, Sherman S, Al-hinti J, Drasby E, Nance M, Moller AT, Ostergaard K, Roxburgh R, Snow B, Slevin JT, Cambi F, Gusella JF, Myers RH. Haplotypes and gene expression implicate the MAPT region for Parkinson disease: the GenePD Study. Neurology 2008; 71:28-34. [PMID: 18509094 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000304051.01650.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) has been associated with several neurodegenerative disorders including forms of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease (PD). We evaluated the association of the MAPT region with PD in a large cohort of familial PD cases recruited by the GenePD Study. In addition, postmortem brain samples from patients with PD and neurologically normal controls were used to evaluate whether the expression of the 3-repeat and 4-repeat isoforms of MAPT, and neighboring genes Saitohin (STH) and KIAA1267, are altered in PD cerebellum. METHODS Twenty-one single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the region of MAPT on chromosome 17q21 were genotyped in the GenePD Study. Single SNPs and haplotypes, including the H1 haplotype, were evaluated for association to PD. Relative quantification of gene expression was performed using real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS After adjusting for multiple comparisons, SNP rs1800547 was significantly associated with PD affection. While the H1 haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk for PD, a novel H1 subhaplotype was identified that predicted a greater increased risk for PD. The expression of 4-repeat MAPT, STH, and KIAA1267 was significantly increased in PD brains relative to controls. No difference in expression was observed for 3-repeat MAPT. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a role for MAPT in the pathogenesis of familial and idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). Interestingly, the results of the gene expression studies suggest that other genes in the vicinity of MAPT, specifically STH and KIAA1267, may also have a role in PD and suggest complex effects for the genes in this region on PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Tobin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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Haugarvoll K, Rademakers R, Kachergus JM, Nuytemans K, Ross OA, Gibson JM, Tan EK, Gaig C, Tolosa E, Goldwurm S, Guidi M, Riboldazzi G, Brown L, Walter U, Benecke R, Berg D, Gasser T, Theuns J, Pals P, Cras P, De Deyn PP, Engelborghs S, Pickut B, Uitti RJ, Foroud T, Nichols WC, Hagenah J, Klein C, Samii A, Zabetian CP, Bonifati V, Van Broeckhoven C, Farrer MJ, Wszolek ZK. Lrrk2 R1441C parkinsonism is clinically similar to sporadic Parkinson disease. Neurology 2008; 70:1456-60. [PMID: 18337586 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000304044.22253.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common cause of Parkinson disease (PD). Several dominantly inherited pathogenic substitutions have been identified in different domains of the Lrrk2 protein. Herein, we characterize the clinical and genetic features associated with Lrrk2 p.R1441C. METHODS We identified 33 affected and 15 unaffected LRRK2 c.4321C>T (p.R1441C) mutation carriers through an international consortium originating from three continents. The age-specific cumulative incidence of PD was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS The clinical presentation of Lrrk2 p.R1441C carriers was similar to sporadic PD and Lrrk2 p.G2019S parkinsonism. The mean age at onset for parkinsonism was 60 years, range 30-79 years; fewer than 20% of the patients had symptoms before the age 50 years, while by 75 years >90% of them had developed symptoms. Haplotype analysis suggests four independent founders for the p.R1441C mutation. CONCLUSIONS The distribution in age at onset and clinical features in Lrrk2 p.R1441C patients are similar to idiopathic and Lrrk2 p.G2019S parkinsonism. Several independent founders of the p.R1441C substitution suggest this site is prone to recurrent mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haugarvoll
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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Di Fonzo A, Chien HF, Socal M, Giraudo S, Tassorelli C, Iliceto G, Fabbrini G, Marconi R, Fincati E, Abbruzzese G, Marini P, Squitieri F, Horstink MW, Montagna P, Libera AD, Stocchi F, Goldwurm S, Ferreira JJ, Meco G, Martignoni E, Lopiano L, Jardim LB, Oostra BA, Barbosa ER, Bonifati V. ATP13A2 missense mutations in juvenile parkinsonism and young onset Parkinson disease. Neurology 2007; 68:1557-62. [PMID: 17485642 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000260963.08711.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence, nature, and associated phenotypes of ATP13A2 gene mutations among patients with juvenile parkinsonism (onset <21 years) or young onset (between 21 and 40 years) Parkinson disease (YOPD). METHODS We studied 46 patients, mostly from Italy or Brazil, including 11 with juvenile parkinsonism and 35 with YOPD. Thirty-three cases were sporadic and 13 had positive family history compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance. Forty-two had only parkinsonian signs, while four (all juvenile-onset) had multisystemic involvement. The whole ATP13A2 coding region (29 exons) and exon-intron boundaries were sequenced from genomic DNA. RESULTS A novel homozygous missense mutation (Gly504Arg) was identified in one sporadic case from Brazil with juvenile parkinsonism. This patient had symptoms onset at age 12, levodopa-responsive severe akinetic-rigid parkinsonism, levodopa-induced motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, severe visual hallucinations, and supranuclear vertical gaze paresis, but no pyramidal deficit nor dementia. Brain CT scan showed moderate diffuse atrophy. Furthermore, two Italian cases with YOPD without atypical features carried a novel missense mutation (Thr12Met, Gly533Arg) in single heterozygous state. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that ATP13A2 homozygous mutations are associated with human parkinsonism, and expand the associated genotypic and clinical spectrum, by describing a homozygous missense mutation in this gene in a patient with a phenotype milder than that initially associated with ATP13A2 mutations (Kufor-Rakeb syndrome). Our data also suggest that ATP13A2 single heterozygous mutations might be etiologically relevant for patients with YOPD and further studies of this gene in Parkinson disease are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Fonzo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Wilk JB, Tobin JE, Suchowersky O, Shill HA, Klein C, Wooten GF, Lew MF, Mark MH, Guttman M, Watts RL, Singer C, Growdon JH, Latourelle JC, Saint-Hilaire MH, DeStefano AL, Prakash R, Williamson S, Berg CJ, Sun M, Goldwurm S, Pezzoli G, Racette BA, Perlmutter JS, Parsian A, Baker KB, Giroux ML, Litvan I, Pramstaller PP, Nicholson G, Burn DJ, Chinnery PF, Vieregge P, Slevin JT, Cambi F, MacDonald ME, Gusella JF, Myers RH, Golbe LI. Herbicide exposure modifies GSTP1 haplotype association to Parkinson onset age: the GenePD Study. Neurology 2007; 67:2206-10. [PMID: 17190945 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000249149.22407.d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase pi gene (GSTP1), encoding GSTP1-1, a detoxification enzyme, may increase the risk of Parkinson disease (PD) with exposure to pesticides. Using the GenePD Study sample of familial PD cases, we explored whether GSTP1 polymorphisms were associated with the age at onset of PD symptoms and whether that relation was modified by exposure to herbicides. METHODS Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped and tested for association with PD onset age in men in three strata: no exposure to herbicides, residential exposure to herbicides, and occupational exposure to herbicides. Haplotypes were similarly evaluated in stratified analyses. RESULTS Three SNPs were associated with PD onset age in the group of men occupationally exposed to herbicides. Three additional SNPs had significant trends for the association of PD onset age across the herbicide exposure groups. Haplotype results also provided evidence that the relation between GSTP1 and onset age is modified by herbicide exposure. One haplotype was associated with an approximately 8-years-earlier onset in the occupationally exposed group and a 2.8-years-later onset in the nonexposed group. CONCLUSIONS Herbicide exposure may be an effect modifier of the relation between glutathione S-transferase pi gene polymorphisms and onset age in familial PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Wilk
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St., E-338, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Goldwurm S, Zini M, Mariani L, Tesei S, Miceli R, Sironi F, Clementi M, Bonifati V, Pezzoli G. Evaluation of LRRK2 G2019S penetrance: relevance for genetic counseling in Parkinson disease. Neurology 2007; 68:1141-3. [PMID: 17215492 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000254483.19854.ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the results of a family-based study of LRRK2 G2019S penetrance in Parkinson disease. We studied 19 families identified through the analysis of unrelated consecutive patients. The cumulative incidence of the disease was 15% at 60 years, 21% at 70 years, and 32% at 80 years. This study provides accurate estimates of G2019S penetrance by minimizing the selection bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldwurm
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy.
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Goldwurm S, Di Fonzo A, Simons EJ, Rohé CF, Zini M, Canesi M, Tesei S, Zecchinelli A, Antonini A, Mariani C, Meucci N, Sacilotto G, Sironi F, Salani G, Ferreira J, Chien HF, Fabrizio E, Vanacore N, Dalla Libera A, Stocchi F, Diroma C, Lamberti P, Sampaio C, Meco G, Barbosa E, Bertoli-Avella AM, Breedveld GJ, Oostra BA, Pezzoli G, Bonifati V. The G6055A (G2019S) mutation in LRRK2 is frequent in both early and late onset Parkinson's disease and originates from a common ancestor. J Med Genet 2006; 42:e65. [PMID: 16272257 PMCID: PMC1735940 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.035568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the gene Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) were recently identified as the cause of PARK8 linked autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease. OBJECTIVE To study recurrent LRRK2 mutations in a large sample of patients from Italy, including early (<50 years) and late onset familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease. RESULTS Among 629 probands, 13 (2.1%) were heterozygous carriers of the G2019S mutation. The mutation frequency was higher among familial (5.1%, 9/177) than among sporadic probands (0.9%, 4/452) (p<0.002), and highest among probands with one affected parent (8.7%, 6/69) (p<0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of the G2019S mutation in probands with early v late onset disease. Among 600 probands, one heterozygous R1441C but no R1441G or Y1699C mutations were detected. None of the four mutations was found in Italian controls. Haplotype analysis in families from five countries suggested that the G2019S mutation originated from a single ancient founder. The G2019S mutation was associated with the classical Parkinson's disease phenotype and a broad range of onset age (34 to 73 years). CONCLUSIONS G2019S is the most common genetic determinant of Parkinson's disease identified so far. It is especially frequent among cases with familial Parkinson's disease of both early and late onset, but less common among sporadic cases. These findings have important implications for diagnosis and genetic counselling in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldwurm
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy
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Ceravolo R, Antonini A, Volterrani D, Rossi C, Goldwurm S, Di Maria E, Kiferle L, Bonuccelli U, Murri L. Dopamine transporter imaging study in parkinsonism occurring in fragile X premutation carriers. Neurology 2006; 65:1971-3. [PMID: 16380622 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000188821.51055.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The authors studied four patients with parkinsonism carrying the fragile X premutation using SPECT with ([23)I]FP-CIT. They found evidence of preserved presynaptic nigrostriatal function, suggesting that parkinsonism in the X fragile premutation might be related to postsynaptic dopaminergic changes or different neurotransmitter alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ceravolo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Italy.
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Karamohamed S, Latourelle JC, Racette BA, Perlmutter JS, Wooten GF, Lew M, Klein C, Shill H, Golbe LI, Mark MH, Guttman M, Nicholson G, Wilk JB, Saint-Hilaire M, DeStefano AL, Prakash R, Tobin S, Williamson J, Suchowersky O, Labell N, Growdon BNJ, Singer C, Watts R, Goldwurm S, Pezzoli G, Baker KB, Giroux ML, Pramstaller PP, Burn DJ, Chinnery P, Sherman S, Vieregge P, Litvan I, Gusella JF, Myers RH, Parsian A. BDNF genetic variants are associated with onset age of familial Parkinson disease: GenePD Study. Neurology 2006; 65:1823-5. [PMID: 16344533 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000187075.81589.fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) stimulates neuronal growth and protects nigral dopamine neurons in animal models of Parkinson disease (PD). Therefore, BDNF is a candidate gene for PD. The authors investigated five single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 597 cases of familial PD. Homozygosity for the rare allele of the functional BDNF G196A (Val66Met) variant was associated with a 5.3-year older onset age (p = 0.0001). These findings suggest that BDNF may influence PD onset age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karamohamed
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA, USA
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Bonifati V, Rohé CF, Breedveld GJ, Fabrizio E, De Mari M, Tassorelli C, Tavella A, Marconi R, Nicholl DJ, Chien HF, Fincati E, Abbruzzese G, Marini P, De Gaetano A, Horstink MW, Maat-Kievit JA, Sampaio C, Antonini A, Stocchi F, Montagna P, Toni V, Guidi M, Dalla Libera A, Tinazzi M, De Pandis F, Fabbrini G, Goldwurm S, de Klein A, Barbosa E, Lopiano L, Martignoni E, Lamberti P, Vanacore N, Meco G, Oostra BA. Early-onset parkinsonism associated with PINK1 mutations: frequency, genotypes, and phenotypes. Neurology 2006; 65:87-95. [PMID: 16009891 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000167546.39375.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence, nature, and associated phenotypes of PINK1 gene mutations in a large series of patients with early-onset (<50 years) parkinsonism. METHODS The authors studied 134 patients (116 sporadic and 18 familial; 77% Italian) and 90 Italian controls. The whole PINK1 coding region was sequenced from genomic DNA; cDNA was analyzed in selected cases. RESULTS Homozygous pathogenic mutations were identified in 4 of 90 Italian sporadic cases, including the novel Gln456Stop mutation; single heterozygous truncating or missense mutations were found in another 4 Italian sporadic cases, including two novel mutations, Pro196Leu and Gln456Stop. Pathogenic mutations were not identified in the familial cases. Novel (Gln115Leu) and known polymorphisms were identified with similar frequency in cases and controls. In cases carrying single heterozygous mutation, cDNA analysis detected no additional mutations, and revealed a major pathogenic effect at mRNA level for the mutant C1366T/Gln456Stop allele. All patients with homozygous mutations had very early disease onset, slow progression, and excellent response to l-dopa, including, in some, symmetric onset, dystonia at onset, and sleep benefit, resembling parkin-related disease. Phenotype in patients with single heterozygous mutation was similar, but onset was later. CONCLUSIONS PINK1 homozygous mutations are a relevant cause of disease among Italian sporadic patients with early-onset parkinsonism. The role of mutations found in single heterozygous state is difficult to interpret. Our study suggests that, at least in some patients, these mutations are disease causing, in combination with additional, still unknown factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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17
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Venturi N, Rovelli A, Parini R, Menni F, Brambillasca F, Bertagnolio F, Uziel G, Gatti R, Filocamo M, Donati MA, Biondi A, Goldwurm S. Molecular analysis of 30 mucopolysaccharidosis type I patients: evaluation of the mutational spectrum in Italian population and identification of 13 novel mutations. Hum Mutat 2002; 20:231. [PMID: 12203999 DOI: 10.1002/humu.9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I orMPS1) is an autosomal recessive condition characterized by a broad range of clinical symptoms. Molecular diagnosis of MPS-I is important for analyzing genotype-phenotype correlation and for selecting patients for innovative therapies. In this study we analyzed 30 Italian MPS-I patients with different phenotypes (20 severe, 6 intermediate, 4 mild) in an attempt to recognize the mutational spectrum in our population and to identify major DNA alterations specific to our country. We identified 93% of mutated alleles (56 out of 60) with the reconstruction of the complete genotype in 26 patients out of 30. Twenty-three different mutations were found, 13 of which are novel while the remaining 10 have been already described. Among the novel mutations we found 5 non conservative missense mutations (A160D, E178K, P183R, G197D, D349Y), one nonsense mutation (C53X), 6 deletions (468-470del3, 486-491del6, 755-759del5, 1251delC, 1839-1867del29, 1902-1903del2), and one splice site mutation (IVS11+5G>A). No common mutation for MPS-I is present in our country. Frequently (40% of the alleles), mutations were found in just one or two patients. However, Q70X, P533R, G51D, and W402X mutations were present in several patients (15%, 13.3%, 13.3%, and 11.6% of the alleles respectively) suggesting a Mediterranean origin of the P533R and G51D mutations. In most cases the patients' genotypes were unique combinations of mutations. The great heterogeneity found in our MPS-I population hampers mutation detection and hinders the genotype-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Venturi
- Centro Ricerca Fondazione M. Tettamanti and BMT-Unit, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
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18
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Goldwurm S, Casati C, Venturi N, Strada S, Santambrogio P, Indraccolo S, Arosio P, Cazzola M, Piperno A, Masera G, Biondi A. Biochemical and genetic defects underlying human congenital hypotransferrinemia. Hematol J 2002; 1:390-8. [PMID: 11920219 DOI: 10.1038/sj.thj.6200063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2000] [Accepted: 07/26/2000] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human congenital hypotransferrinemia is a rare disorder characterized by the virtual absence of transferrin in the serum. No information on the causes of the disease is known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we describe the identification of a new case, its treatment and the biochemical and genetic defects underlying the disorder. RESULTS At diagnosis the patient had serum Tf levels equal to about 1% of the normal values. The treatment with plasma infusions each month allowed a good erythropoiesis and the prevention of iron overload with no need of red blood cell transfusions or iron chelators. In order to define the genetic basis of the disease, we performed a haplotype analysis of the Tf gene region in the 26 individuals forming the proband's family, and demonstrated that the genetic defect is located in the Tf gene and that it is inherited as a recessive trait. Protein analyses indicate that the proband serum contains two transferrin forms: one of 80 kD analogous to the normal one, and a smaller one of 50 kD, which may arise from a specific degradation or be the gene product of a modified allele. CONCLUSION These data suggest the presence of two Tf alleles carrying genetic defects that cause two distinct abnormalities. One allele causes low expression of an apparently normal protein that probably allowed the survival of the patient in the first years of age. The other allele produces a modified Tf with different biochemical characteristics compared to the normal one.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldwurm
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione M. Tettamanti, University of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale Nuovo San Gerardo, via Donizetti 106, 20052 Monza (MI), Italy.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldwurm
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale Nuovo San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
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20
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Goldwurm S, Biondi A. Case of congenital hypotransferrinemia suggests that tissue hypoxia during fetal development may cause hypospadias. Am J Med Genet 2000; 95:287-90. [PMID: 11102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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21
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Jazwinska EC, Cullen LM, Zournazi A, Burt MJ, Van Der Griend B, Goldwurm S, Little PF. Isolation and characterisation of cosmids to intervals within a 4.5Mb region at 6p21.3. DNA Seq 2000; 8:147-50. [PMID: 10668959 DOI: 10.3109/10425179709034065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The gene responsible for hereditary haemochromatosis (HH) has recently been identified. One mutation in this gene, termed HFE, has been found in all Australian HH patients. We previously identified a predominant HH ancestral haplotype covering 4.5Mb at 6p21.3, and showed that patients with two copies of this haplotype express a more severe form of the disorder. One key question to now be resolved is why haplotype related variation in phenotypic expression of HH is present if all patients tested have the same HFE mutation. A cosmid resource covering the 4.5Mb HH ancestral haplo type region was obtained. These cosmids provide the material for the completion of a transcript map of this region, and will assist the identification of candidate modifiers of HFE expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Jazwinska
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Goldwurm S, Van der Griend BF, Banyer JL, Cullen LM, Zournazi A, Menzies ML, Busfield F, Little PF, Jazwinska EC. Generation of a transcription map distal to HLA-F. Eur J Hum Genet 1998; 6:475-86. [PMID: 9801872 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We have constructed a transcription map covering a 2 Mb region beginning approximately 1 Mb distal to HLA-F. Cosmids isolated from a chromsome 6 library were positioned by YAC hybridisation, STS and fingerprint analysis. Using direct cDNA selection, exon trapping, and direct genomic sequence analysis, we identified 42 potential exonic fragments in this region. Six fragments corresponded to previously characterised genes, four previously broadly mapped to this region. Five fragments were similar to known genes, eight fragments matched ESTs and 10 of the remaining 23 novel fragments, gave a positive signal on northern analysis. All cDNA fragments were mapped to the YAC and cosmid contig covering the region and with respect to other known genes and STS in this area. The distribution of the cDNA fragments indicated their organisation in three clusters around CpG islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldwurm
- Clinical Sciences Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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23
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Banyer JL, Goldwurm S, Cullen L, van der Griend B, Zournazi A, Smit DJ, Powell LW, Jazwinska EC. The spinal muscular atrophy gene region at 5q13.1 has a paralogous chromosomal region at 6p21.3. Mamm Genome 1998; 9:235-9. [PMID: 9501309 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paralogous regions are duplicated segments of chromosomal DNA that have been acquired during the evolution of the genome. Subsequent divergent evolution of the genes within paralogous regions can lead to the formation of gene families. Here, we report the identification of a region on Chromosome (Chr) 6 at 6p21.3 that is paralogous with the Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) gene region on Chr 5 at 5q13.1. Partial characterization of this region identified nine sequences all of which are highly homologous to DNA sequences of the SMA gene region at 5q13.1. These sequences include four beta-glucuronidase sequences, two retrotransposon sequences, a novel cDNA, a Sequence Tagged Site (STS), and one that is homologous to exon 9 of the Neuronal Apoptosis Inhibitor Protein (NAIP) gene. The 6p21.3 paralogous SMA region may contain genes that are related to those in the SMA region at 5q13.1; however, a direct association of this region with SMA is unlikely given that no linkage of SMA with Chr 6 has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Banyer
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Bancroft Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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24
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George DK, Goldwurm S, MacDonald GA, Cowley LL, Walker NI, Ward PJ, Jazwinska EC, Powell LW. Increased hepatic iron concentration in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with increased fibrosis. Gastroenterology 1998; 114:311-8. [PMID: 9453491 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 483] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a chronic liver disease that occasionally progresses to cirrhosis but usually has a benign course. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the hemochromatosis mutation Cys282Tyr in development of the mild hepatic iron overload found in some patients with NASH and its association with hepatic damage in these patients. METHODS Fifty-one patients with NASH were studied. The presence of the Cys282Tyr mutation was tested in all patients, and the data were analyzed with respect to the histological grade of steatosis, inflammation, Perls' staining, hepatic iron concentration (HIC), and serum iron indices. RESULTS Thirty-one percent of patients with NASH were either homozygous or heterozygous for the Cys282Tyr mutation. This mutation was significantly associated with Perls' stain grade (P < 0.005), HIC (P < 0.005), and transferrin saturation percentage (P < 0.005) but not with serum ferritin levels. Linear regression analysis showed that increased hepatic iron (Perls' stain or HIC) had the greatest association with the severity of fibrosis (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The Cys282Tyr mutation is responsible for most of the mild iron overload found in NASH and thus has a significant association with hepatic damage in these patients. Heterozygosity for the hemochromatosis gene mutation therefore cannot always be considered benign.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K George
- Clinical Sciences Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldwurm
- Clinical Sciences Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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26
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Abstract
cDNA selection and exon trapping were performed on cosmids mapping to a region 3 Mb distal to HLA-A. Analysis of resulting fragments indicated the presence of two zinc finger transcripts, and one of these was used to isolate a partial cDNA (ZNF184) from a placental library. The second transcript contained additional sequence of the 5' end of the gene, extending the sequence to 2678 bp. Sequence analysis indicates that ZNF184 is a classical Krueppel zinc finger with 19 highly conserved zinc finger motifs at the C-terminus and a Krueppel associated box at the N-terminus of the protein. This gene encodes a 3.2-kb transcript that is highly expressed in testis and expressed at a moderate to low level in all other tissues tested. This zinc finger gene maps to a region approximately 200 kb distal to the microsatellite marker D6S105 and approximately 300 kb proximal to D6S1260.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldwurm
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029, Australia.
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27
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Jazwinska EC, Pyper WR, Burt MJ, Francis JL, Goldwurm S, Webb SI, Lee SC, Halliday JW, Powell LW. Haplotype analysis in Australian hemochromatosis patients: evidence for a predominant ancestral haplotype exclusively associated with hemochromatosis. Am J Hum Genet 1995; 56:428-33. [PMID: 7847378 PMCID: PMC1801135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemochromatosis (HC), an inherited disorder of iron metabolism, shows a very strong founder effect in Australia, with the majority of patients being of Celtic (Scots/Irish) origin. Australian HC patients thus provide an ideal group in which to examine HC-gene-region haplotypes, to analyze the extent of linkage disequilibrium and genetic heterogeneity in HC. We have analyzed chromosomes from 26 multiply affected HC pedigrees, and we were able to assign HC status unambiguously to 107 chromosomes--64 as affected and 43 as unaffected. The haplotypes examined comprise the following highly polymorphic markers: the serological marker HLA-A and the microsatellites D6S248, D6S265, HLA-F, and D6S105. All show highly significant allelic association with HC and no evidence of separation from the disease locus by recombination. Analysis identified a predominant ancestral haplotype comprising alleles 5-1-3-2-8 (marker order: D6S248-D6S265-HLA-A-HLA-F-D6S105), present in 21 (33%) of 64 affected chromosomes, and exclusively associated with HC (haplotype relative risk 903). No other common haplotype was significantly associated with HC. Haplotype analysis in Australian HC patients thus provides strong evidence for (a) the introduction of HC into this population on an ancestral haplotype, (b) a common mutation associated with HC in Australian patients, and (c) a candidate HC-gene region extending between and including D6S248 and D6S105.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Jazwinska
- Liver Unit, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Bancroft Centre, Brisbane, Australia
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28
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Falciani F, Terao M, Goldwurm S, Ronchi A, Gatti A, Minoia C, Li Calzi M, Salmona M, Cazzaniga G, Garattini E. Molybdenum(VI) salts convert the xanthine oxidoreductase apoprotein into the active enzyme in mouse L929 fibroblastic cells. Biochem J 1994; 298 ( Pt 1):69-77. [PMID: 8129733 PMCID: PMC1137984 DOI: 10.1042/bj2980069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The mouse L929 fibroblastic cell line presents low, but detectable, levels of the mRNA encoding xanthine oxidoreductase under basal conditions, and it responds to type I and type II interferons by inducing the expression of the transcript [Falciani, Ghezzi, Terao, Cazzaniga, and Garattini (1992) Biochem. J. 285, 1001-1008]. This cell line, however, does not show any detectable amount of xanthine oxidoreductase enzymic activity, either before or after treatment with the cytokines. Molybdenum(VI) salts, in the millimolar range, are capable of activating xanthine oxidoreductase in L929 cells both under basal conditions and after treatment with interferon-alpha. The increase is observed in mouse L929 as well as in clones derived from it, but not in many other human and mouse cell lines. The induction observed in L929 cells is post-translational in nature and it is insensitive to cycloheximide, indicating that the molybdenum ion converts a pool of inactive xanthine oxidoreductase apoenzyme into its holoenzymic form. When grown in the absence of sodium molybdate, the L929 cell line has undetectable intracellular levels of the molybdenum cofactor, since the cell extracts are unable to complement the nitrate reductase defect of the nit-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa. L929 cells grown in the presence of millimolar concentrations of sodium molybdate, however, become competent to complement the nit-1 defect. L929 cells accumulate molybdenum ion inside the intracellular compartment as efficiently as TEnd cells, a mouse endothelial cell line that expresses xanthine oxidoreductase activity both under basal conditions and after treatment with interferon-gamma, suggesting that L929 cells have a defect in one or more of the metabolic steps leading to the synthesis of the molybdenum cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Falciani
- Molecular Biology Unit, Centro Daniela e Catullo Borgomainerio, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
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