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Tulp T, Tietema A, van Loon EE, Ebben B, van Hall RL, van Son M, Barmentlo SH. Biomonitoring of dairy farm emitted ammonia in surface waters using phytoplankton and periphyton. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168259. [PMID: 37944614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing environmental abundance of reactive N ('Nr') entails many adverse effects for society such as soil degradation and eutrophication. In addressing the global surplus of N, there is a pressing need to quantify local sources and dynamics of Nr. Although quantified as an important anthropogenic source of Nr, the spatiotemporal patterns of ammonia ('NH3') emitted by dairy farming and its resulting pressure on local surface waters lacks quantification. Quantification could optimize farm management with minimized losses of valuable nitrogen and protection of freshwater ecology. This study aimed to unravel spatiotemporal dynamics of ammonia nitrogen emitted by a dairy farm in the atmospheric and aquatic geo-ecosphere. Atmospheric NH3 and aqueous ammonium ('NH4+') were determined over time, together with meteorological variables. Aquatic biomonitors (periphyton and phytoplankton) were employed to monitor the spatial impacts of cattle-stable emitted NH3. Atmospheric NH3 on the farm was significantly regulated by wind, sharply declining over increasing distances from the stable (average decrease in the dominant wind direction from 55.5 μg/m3 at 20 m to 5.8 μg/m3 at 500 m, in the other wind directions values decreased from 38.3 μg/m3 to 6.0 μg/m3). This was also reflected in local surface water concentrations of NH4+, with average concentrations decreasing from 37.0 mg [NH4+-N]/L at 65 m to 4.8 mg [NH4+-N]/L in the dominant wind direction, and from 1.2 to 0.7 in other directions. Periphyton biomass, total N ("TN") and δ15N all significantly reflected spatiotemporal dynamics of atmospheric NH3 and aqueous NH4+, as did phytoplankton TN. The cattle stable significantly influenced local water quality through atmospheric spreading of NH3, and both aquatic biomonitors were influenced by and reflected dairy farm emitted NH3 with a sharp dilution over distance. This study strongly underlines the importance of atmospheric transport of dairy farm emitted NH3 and its effects on local water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Tulp
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Tietema
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Emiel van Loon
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bram Ebben
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger L van Hall
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Son
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Beentjes KK, Barmentlo SH, Cieraad E, Schilthuizen M, van der Hoorn BB, Speksnijder AGCL, Trimbos KB. Environmental DNA metabarcoding reveals comparable responses to agricultural stressors on different trophic levels of a freshwater community. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:1430-1443. [PMID: 34908199 PMCID: PMC9306904 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater habitats are under stress from agricultural land use, most notably the influx of neonicotinoid pesticides and increased nutrient pressure from fertilizer. Traditional studies investigating the effects of stressors on freshwater systems are often limited to a narrow range of taxa, depending heavily on morphological expertise. Additionally, disentanglement of multiple simultaneous stressors can be difficult in field studies, whereas controlled laboratory conditions do not accurately reflect natural conditions and food webs. To overcome these drawbacks, we investigated the impacts of two agricultural stressors (the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid and fertilizer) in full‐factorial design in a semi‐natural research site, using environmental DNA sampling to study three different taxonomic groups representing three trophic levels: bacteria (decomposers), phytoplankton (primary producers), and chironomids (consumers). The results show considerable impact of both stressors across trophic levels, with an additive effect of fertilizer and thiacloprid on community composition at all levels. These findings suggest that agricultural stressors affect the entire food web, either directly or through cascade reactions. They are also consistent with morphological assessments that were performed in the same study site, even at a lower number of replicates. The study presented shows that the use of multimarker environmental DNA provides a more comprehensive assessment of stressor impacts across multiple trophic levels, at a higher taxonomic resolution than traditional surveys. Additionally, many putative novel bioindicators for both agricultural stressors were discovered. We encourage further investigations into stressors impacts at different trophic levels, which will lead to more effective monitoring and management of freshwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Beentjes
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Cieraad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Nelson-Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Menno Schilthuizen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Krijn B Trimbos
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Barmentlo SH, Schrama M, van Bodegom PM, de Snoo GR, Musters CJM, Vijver MG. Neonicotinoids and fertilizers jointly structure naturally assembled freshwater macroinvertebrate communities. Sci Total Environ 2019; 691:36-44. [PMID: 31306875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although it is widely acknowledged that a decline of freshwater biodiversity jeopardizes the functioning of freshwater ecosystems, the large number of (human-induced) pressures jointly acting on these systems hampers managing its biodiversity. To disentangle the magnitude and the temporal effects of these single and interacting pressures, experiments are required that study how these pressures affect the structuring of natural communities. We performed experiments with naturally assembled invertebrate communities in 36 experimental ditches to assess the single and joint effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of two commonly co-occurring stressors: fertilizer inputs and neonicotinoid insecticides, in this case thiacloprid. Specifically, we explored whether these agrochemicals result in sustained changes in community structure by inspecting divergence, convergence and short- /long-lived dissimilarity of communities, when compared to a control treatment. Our results indicate strong impacts on the abundance of different taxa by exposure to the agrochemicals. However, we found no effect of any treatment on total abundance, taxon richness or convergence/divergence (measured as beta dispersion) of the communities. Moreover, we found contrasting responses when both joint stressors were present: when considering abundance of different taxa, we observed that fertilizer additions reduced some of the thiacloprid toxicity. But when assessing the community structure, we found that exposure to both stressors consistently resulted in a more dissimilar community compared to the control. This dissimilarity was persistent up to four months after applying the agrochemicals, even though there was a turnover in taxa explaining this dissimilarity. This turnover indicates that the persistent dissimilarity can potentially be attributed to a rippling effect in the community rather than continued toxicity. Such shifts in natural freshwater invertebrate communities, months after the actual exposure, suggests that stressors may have important long-term repercussions for which may subsequently lead to changes in ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Schrama
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Geert R de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - C J M Musters
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, PO Box 9518, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Musters CJM, Ieromina O, Barmentlo SH, Hunting ER, Schrama M, Cieraad E, Vijver MG, van Bodegom PM. Partitioning the impact of environmental drivers and species interactions in dynamic aquatic communities. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. M. Musters
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Oleksandra Ieromina
- Dutch Board for the Authorisation of Plant Protection Products and Biocides (Ctgb) Ede The Netherlands
| | - S. Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ellard R. Hunting
- School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UK
- Biology Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Massachusetts USA
| | - Maarten Schrama
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Cieraad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Martina G. Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
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Barmentlo SH, Vriend LM, Grunsven RHA, Vijver MG. Environmental levels of neonicotinoids reduce prey consumption, mobility and emergence of the damselfly
Ischnura elegans. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Laura M. Vriend
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Martina G. Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences Leiden University Leiden The Netherlands
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Bosker T, Olthof G, Vijver MG, Baas J, Barmentlo SH. Significant decline of Daphnia magna population biomass due to microplastic exposure. Environ Pollut 2019; 250:669-675. [PMID: 31035149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Even though microplastics are intensively studied, the focus of the research is mainly on relatively short term effects at high doses. Therefore there is a need to shift the focus toward more realistic, longer-term endpoints. Studies with a range of chemicals have shown that the response of populations often differs from studies in which a single organism is exposed in an individual container (as often described within standard ecotox screening assays). Here we investigate the impact of primary microplastics (1-5 μm in size) on a population of Daphnia magna. We first allowed a stable population of D. magna to develop over 29 d, after which the populations were exposed to microplastics for three weeks (concentrations ranging from 102 to 105 particles mL-1 and a control). We found a significant impact of microplastics on the total population of D. magna, with a reduction in the amount of adult daphnids. Importantly, when expressed as total biomass, exposure to 105 microplastics mL-1 resulted in a 21% reduction in total biomass compared to control. These results indicate that exposure to microplastics can result in significant adverse effects on the population of D. magna, including a reduction in the number of individuals as well as total biomass. Given the importance of D. magna in freshwater food webs, both as a grazer as well as a food source, this can potentially impact the functioning of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Bosker
- Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501, EE, The Hague, the Netherlands; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Gabriël Olthof
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Baas
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300, RA Leiden, the Netherlands.
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7
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Barmentlo SH, Parmentier EM, de Snoo GR, Vijver MG. Thiacloprid-induced toxicity influenced by nutrients: Evidence from in situ bioassays in experimental ditches. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018; 37:1907-1915. [PMID: 29600525 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Many studies show that neonicotinoid insecticides cause toxicity to aquatic invertebrates. Some studies report that insecticide toxicity may differ in combination with other agrochemicals under realistic field conditions. To explore such altered toxicity further, we aimed to determine the single and combined effects of environmentally relevant levels of the neonicotinoid thiacloprid and nutrients on different endpoints of 4 aquatic invertebrate species. Animals were exposed to these agrochemicals using a caged experiment within experimental ditches. We observed thiacloprid-induced toxicity for 2 crustaceans, Daphnia magna and Asellus aquaticus, and for 1 out of 2 tested insect species, Cloeon dipterum. We observed no toxic effects for Chironomus riparius at the time-weighted average test concentration of 0.51 μg thiacloprid/L. For D. magna, the observed toxicity, expressed as the lowest-observed-effect concentration (LOEC), on growth and reproduction was present at thiacloprid concentrations that were 2456-fold lower than laboratory-derived LOEC values. This shows that these species, when exposed under natural conditions, may exhibit neonicotinoid-induced toxic stress. Contrary to the low nutrient treatment, such toxicity was often not observed under nutrient-enriched conditions. This was likely attributable to the increased primary production that allowed for compensatory feeding. These findings warrant the inclusion of different feeding regimes in laboratory experiments to retrieve the best estimates of neonicotinoid-induced toxicity in the natural environment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1907-1915. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elinor M Parmentier
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R de Snoo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Schrama M, Gorsich EE, Hunting ER, Barmentlo SH, Beechler B, van Bodegom PM. Eutrophication and predator presence overrule the effects of temperature on mosquito survival and development. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006354. [PMID: 29579051 PMCID: PMC5898759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate predictions of mosquito-borne disease risk require an understanding of the relevant drivers governing mosquito populations. Since previous studies have focused mainly on the role of temperature, here we assessed the effects of other important ecological variables (predation, nutrient availability, presence of conspecifics) in conjunction with the role of temperature on mosquito life history parameters. We carried out two mesocosm experiments with the common brown house mosquito, Culex pipiens, a confirmed vector for West Nile Virus, Usutu and Sindbis, and a controphic species; the harlequin fly, Chironomus riparius. The first experiment quantified interactions between predation by Notonecta glauca L. (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) and temperature on adult emergence. The second experiment quantified interactions between nutrient additions and temperature on larval mortality and adult emergence. Results indicate that 1) irrespective of temperature, predator presence decreased mosquito larval survival and adult emergence by 20–50%, 2) nutrient additions led to a 3-4-fold increase in mosquito adult emergence and a 2-day decrease in development time across all temperature treatments, 3) neither predation, nutrient additions nor temperature had strong effects on the emergence and development rate of controphic Ch. riparius. Our study suggests that, in addition to of effects of temperature, ecological bottom-up (eutrophication) and top-down (predation) drivers can have strong effects on mosquito life history parameters. Current approaches to predicting mosquito-borne disease risk rely on large-scale proxies of mosquito population dynamics, such as temperature, vegetation characteristics and precipitation. Local scale management actions, however, will require understanding of the relevant top-down and bottom-up drivers of mosquito populations. Human actions have strongly altered ecosystems worldwide, through climate change, eutrophication, and biodiversity loss. The consequences of these global changes for mosquito populations could have important implications for mosquito-borne infections. Previous studies have focused on the effects of temperature from climate change, but we lack a comprehensive understanding of how ecological factors related to global change influence mosquito populations. To this end, we carried out two mesocosm experiments with the common brown house mosquito, a vector for West Nile Virus, Usutu and Sindbis. The first experiment tested how the interaction between predation and temperature affected mosquito emergence from larvae to adults; the second experiment tested how the interaction between nutrient addition and temperature affected mortality and emergence. Our results show that predator presence decreased mosquito survival and emergence, whereas nutrient additions led to an increase in emergence and a decrease in development time. Temperature and competition had no major impact. Our study suggests that, in addition to effects of climate, ecological drivers can have strong effects on mosquito populations known to transmit disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Schrama
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erin E Gorsich
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ellard R Hunting
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brianna Beechler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Peter M van Bodegom
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hunting ER, Barmentlo SH, Schrama M, van Bodegom PM, Zhai Y, Vijver MG. Agricultural constraints on microbial resource use and niche breadth in drainage ditches. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4175. [PMID: 29302393 PMCID: PMC5742521 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microorganisms govern important ecosystems processes, in particular the degradation of organic matter (OM). However, microorganisms are rarely considered in efforts to monitor ecosystem health and functioning. Evidence suggests that environmental perturbations can adversely affect microbial communities and their ability to use available substrates. However, whether impacted microbial efficiencies in extracting and utilizing the available resources (resource niche breadth) translate to changes in OM degradation in natural systems remains poorly understood. Methods Here we evaluated effects of differences in OM related to agricultural land use (OM derived from ditches adjacent to grasslands, bulb fields and a pristine dune area) on microbial functioning. We specifically assessed (1) resource niche breadths of microbial communities during initial community assembly in laboratory microcosms and already established natural communities, and (2) how changes in community resource niche breadth translates to the degradation of natural OM. Results A disparity existed between microbial resource niche breadth in laboratory incubations and natural microbial communities. Resource utilization and niche breadth of natural microbial communities was observed to be constrained in drainage ditches adjacent to agricultural fields. This outcome coincides with retarded degradation of natural OM collected from ditches adjacent to hyacinth bulb fields. Microbial communities in bulb field ditches further showed functional redundancy when offered grassland OM of seemingly higher substrate quality. Discussion Results presented in this study suggest that agricultural practices can impose constraints on microbial functional diversity by reducing OM resource quality, which can subsequently translate to confined microbial resource niche differentiation and reduced organic matter degradation rates. This hints that assessments of actual microbial resource utilization and niche differentiation could potentially be used to assess the ecological health and functioning of natural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellard R Hunting
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maarten Schrama
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,NIOO-KNAW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yujia Zhai
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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Barmentlo SH, Meirmans PG, Luijten SH, Triest L, Oostermeijer JGB. Outbreeding depression and breeding system evolution in small, remnant populations of Primula vulgaris: consequences for genetic rescue. CONSERV GENET 2017; 19:545-554. [PMID: 31007635 PMCID: PMC6448329 DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-1031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Many species suffer from anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. The resulting small and isolated populations are more prone to extinction due to, amongst others, genetic erosion, inbreeding depression and Allee-effects. Genetic rescue can help mitigate such problems, but might result in outbreeding depression. We evaluated offspring fitness after selfing and outcrossing within and among three very small and isolated remnant populations of the heterostylous plant Primula vulgaris. We used greenhouse-grown offspring from these populations to test several fitness components. One population was fixed for the pin-morph, and was outcrossed with another population in the field to obtain seeds. Genetic diversity of parent and offspring populations was studied using microsatellites. Morph and population-specific heterosis, inbreeding and outbreeding depression were observed for fruit and seed set, seed weight and cumulative fitness. Highest fitness was observed in the field-outcrossed F1-population, which also showed outbreeding depression following subsequent between-population (back)crossing. Despite outbreeding depression, fitness was still relatively high. Inbreeding coefficients indicated that the offspring were more inbred than their parent populations. Offspring heterozygosity and inbreeding coefficients correlated with observed fitness. One population is evolving homostyly, showing a thrum morph with an elongated style and high autonomous fruit and seed set. This has important implications for conservation strategies such as genetic rescue, as the mating system will be altered by the introduction of homostyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94062, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Van Steenis Building, Einsteinweg 2, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick G. Meirmans
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94062, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sheila H. Luijten
- Science4Nature,, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ludwig Triest
- Laboratory for Plant Science and Nature Management, Free University Brussels, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. Gerard B. Oostermeijer
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94062, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Science4Nature,, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Barmentlo SH, van Gestel CAM, Álvarez-Rogel J, González-Alcaraz MN. Influence of climate change on the multi-generation toxicity to Enchytraeus crypticus of soils polluted by metal/metalloid mining wastes. Environ Pollut 2017; 222:101-108. [PMID: 28073585 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at assessing the effects of increased air temperature and reduced soil moisture content on the multi-generation toxicity of a soil polluted by metal/metalloid mining wastes. Enchytraeus crypticus was exposed to dilution series of the polluted soil in Lufa 2.2 soil under different combinations of air temperature (20 °C and 25 °C) and soil moisture content (50% and 30% of the soil water holding capacity, WHC) over three generations standardized on physiological time. Generation time was shorter with increasing air temperature and/or soil moisture content. Adult survival was only affected at 30% WHC (∼30% reduction at the highest percentages of polluted soil). Reproduction decreased with increasing percentage of polluted soil in a dose-related manner and over generations. Toxicity increased at 30% WHC (>50% reduction in EC50 in F0 and F1 generations) and over generations in the treatments at 20 °C (40-60% reduction in EC50 in F2 generation). At 25 °C, toxicity did not change when combined with 30% WHC and only slightly increased with 50% WHC. So, higher air temperature and/or reduced soil moisture content does affect the toxicity of soils polluted by metal/metalloid mining wastes to E. crypticus and this effect may exacerbate over generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henrik Barmentlo
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - José Álvarez-Rogel
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
| | - M Nazaret González-Alcaraz
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Barmentlo SH, Stel JM, van Doorn M, Eschauzier C, de Voogt P, Kraak MHS. Acute and chronic toxicity of short chained perfluoroalkyl substances to Daphnia magna. Environ Pollut 2015; 198:47-53. [PMID: 25553346 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of a C4-C6 chemistry based fluoroalkylated polymer and the perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, PFBA, PFHxA and PFOA to Daphnia magna. The acute toxicity decreased with decreasing carbon chain length, but the polymer did not show a dose related effect. In a chronic toxicity test performed with PFHxA, mortality was observed at similar concentrations as in the acute toxicity test, indicating that toxicity did not increase with increasing exposure time. Effects on mortality, reproduction and population growth rate occurred at similar concentrations, indicating no specific effect of PFHxA on sublethal endpoints. C4-C6 chemistry is thus less hazardous to daphnids than C7-C8 chemistry. Yet, these compounds are persistent, hard to remove from the environment and production volumes are increasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Henrik Barmentlo
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jente M Stel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn van Doorn
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Eschauzier
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim de Voogt
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel H S Kraak
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1092 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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