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Mukhopadhyay SK, Mitra S, Mitra M. A combined application of lossless and lossy compression in ECG processing and transmission via GSM-based SMS. J Med Eng Technol 2014; 39:105-22. [PMID: 25534118 DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2014.990159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a software-based scheme for reliable and robust Electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression and its efficient transmission using Second Generation (2G) Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) based Short Message Service (SMS). To achieve a firm lossless compression in high standard deviating QRS complex regions and an acceptable lossy compression in the rest of the signal, two different algorithms have been used. The combined compression module is such that it outputs only American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) characters and, hence, SMS service is found to be most suitable for transmitting the compressed signal. At the receiving end, the ECG signal is reconstructed using just the reverse algorithm. The module has been tested to all the 12 leads of different types of ECG signals (healthy and abnormal) collected from the PTB Diagnostic ECG Database. The compression algorithm achieves an average compression ratio of ∼22.51, without any major alteration of clinical morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Technology, University of Calcutta , 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata , India and
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Mukhopadhyay SK, Mitra M, Mitra S. ECG feature extraction using differentiation, Hilbert transform, variable threshold and slope reversal approach. J Med Eng Technol 2012; 36:372-86. [DOI: 10.3109/03091902.2012.713438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Chatterjee S, Singh L, Chattopadhyay B, Datta S, Mukhopadhyay SK. A study on the waste metal remediation using floriculture at East Calcutta Wetlands, a Ramsar site in India. Environ Monit Assess 2012; 184:5139-5150. [PMID: 21960361 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-011-2328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Use of specific plant species in remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil and water was a promising eco-friendly technology. The present study indicated the possibilities of phytoremediation of metal-contaminated (namely Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb) soil by using plant species important for floriculture of East Calcutta Wetlands, a Ramsar site at the eastern fringe of Calcutta city. Plant species like sunflower (Helianthus annuus), marigold (Tagetes patula), and cock's comb (Celocia cristata) grew on soil contaminated by industrial sludge and irrigated regularly with wastewater accumulated different metals in different plant parts in varied concentrations. Pot culture study in the laboratory setup was also done to ascertain the efficiency of these plants for ameliorating contaminated soil. It was found that general accumulation patterns of metals concerned in different plant parts were root > leaf > stem > flower. This work indicated the importance of cultivation of economically important, non-edible, ornamental plant species as an alternative cost-effective practice to remediate heavily contaminated farmlands of East Calcutta Wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, 784001 Assam, India.
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Abstract
A number of tyrosine plus phenylalanine double auxotrophic mutants were isolated by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment of a locally isolated strain of Aureobacterium flavescens of which 11A39 and 11A17 were selected on the basis of their tryptophan production in a mineral salt medium over other isolated mutant strains. The mutational block in the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway of the selected double auxotrophs were determined. By controlling pH of the production medium to near neutrality, the active growth period could be extended up to 72 h and more tryptophan was accumulated compared to pH unregulated culture where the active growth ceased after 48 h. Further improvement of the tryptophan production has been achieved by stepwise isolation of a mutant strain resistant to the tryptophan analogues p-fluorotryptophan (FT) and 5-methyl tryptophan (MT) from the 11A39. Demand for L-tryptophan as food additive and therapeutic agent is increasing day by day throughout the World, particularly in the underdeveloped and developing countries like India. Still to date India depends on other countries for L-tryptophan. The aim of this work is to develop a potent high yielding, feed back insensitive mutant strain and optimization of its medium pH for maximum production of tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roy
- Department of Microbiology, MUC Women's College, Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Sarkar A, Taraphdar D, Mukhopadhyay SK, Chakrabarti S, Chatterjee S. Serological and molecular diagnosis of Japanese encephalitis reveals an increasing public health problem in the state of West Bengal, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2011; 106:15-9. [PMID: 21993242 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE), a neurotrophic disease, was first recorded in the state of West Bengal, India in 1973. Since then JE is being reported every year from different districts. With a view to identify the JE cases accurately, a study was undertaken to detect the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as the etiologic agent from the acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases and to identify its distribution in different districts. We report the results of 513 blood or cerebrospinal fluid samples referred/collected from the hospitalized AES cases. The samples were initially subjected to Mac-ELISA test followed by reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR for the detection of IgM antibodies and the JEV genome, specific to E gene, respectively. Out of 513 samples referred/collected, 139 (27.1%) samples were reactive to JE IgM antibody. The remaining 374 samples were screened to select those which had a history of illness with a duration of ≤3 days. Only 147 samples were selected and tested, out of which 36 (24.5%) isolates were achieved and those were RT-PCR positive against the control JEV strain. Detection of IgM antibody to JE and the RT-PCR result confirms the active circulation of JEV in different districts of West Bengal and needs to be monitored carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sarkar
- ICMR virus unit, GB-4, 1st Floor, ID & BG Hospital, 57 Dr. S. C. Banerjee Road, Beliaghata, Kolkata-700010, India
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Chatterjee S, Chetia M, Singh L, Chattopadhyay B, Datta S, Mukhopadhyay SK. A study on the phytoaccumulation of waste elements in wetland plants of a Ramsar site in India. Environ Monit Assess 2011; 178:361-371. [PMID: 20827506 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Some wetland plant species are adapted to growing in the areas of higher metal concentrations. Use of such vegetation in remediation of soil and water contaminated with heavy metals is a promising cost-effective alternative to the more established treatment methods. Throughout the year, composite industrial effluents bringing various kinds of heavy metals contaminate our study site, the East Calcutta Wetlands, a Ramsar site at the eastern fringe of Kolkata city (formerly Calcutta), India. In the present study, possible measures for remediation of contaminated soil and water (with elements namely, Ca, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe) of the ecosystem had been investigated. Ten common regional wetland plant species were selected to study their efficiency and diversity in metal uptake and accumulation. Results showed that Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) had the highest total Cr concentration (6,601 ± 33 mg kg( -1) dw). The extent of accumulation of various elements in ten common wetland plants of the study sites was: Pb (4.4-57 mg kg( -1) dw), Cu (6.2-39 mg kg( -1) dw), Zn (59-364 mg kg( -1) dw), Mn (87-376 mg kg( -1) dw), Fe (188-8,625 mg kg( -1) dw), Ca (969-3,756 mg kg( -1) dw), and Cr (27-660 mg kg( -1) dw) indicating an uptake gradient of elements by plants as Ca>Fe>Mn>Cr>Zn>Cu>Pb. The present study indicates the importance of identification and efficiency of metal uptake and accumulation capabilities by plants in relation to their applications in remediation of a contaminated East Calcutta Wetland ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur 784001, Assam, India.
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Chatterjee S, Chattopadhyay B, Mukhopadhyay SK. Monitoring waste metal pollution at Ganga estuary via the East Calcutta Wetland areas. Environ Monit Assess 2010; 170:23-31. [PMID: 19936958 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
East Calcutta Wetlands, a Ramsar site, receives a huge amount of the city's composite industrial effluent (∼600 million liters per day) throughout the year. The waste-element-contaminated water flows down through a major storm water flow (SWF) canal into the wetland for nearly 40 km farther eastward and is finally discharged into Kultigong river that flows through the eastern limit of the wetland and that in turn unites with river Ganga. Elemental load in water and bottom sediment at selected sites of the SWF canal was assessed by proton-induced X-ray emission and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. Gradual decrease in concentration levels of elements was observed in both water and bottom sediments of SWF canal up to its site of confluence at Kultigong, indicating natural remediation processes taking place along the canal up to the confluence at Ganga estuary. Any further conversion of this wetland area should be prevented to get the benefit from this no-cost natural cleanup process in connection to pollution prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Chatterjee
- Defence Research Laboratory, Post Bag No. 02, Tezpur, 784001, Assam, India.
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Baker DA, East GC, Mukhopadhyay SK. Thermomechanical and creep properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers crosslinked with disulfonyl azides. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.11971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Mukhopadhyay SK, Biswas H, De TK, Sen S, Jana TK. Seasonal effects on the air-water carbon dioxide exchange in the Hooghly estuary, NE coast of Bay of Bengal, India. J Environ Monit 2002; 4:549-52. [PMID: 12195998 DOI: 10.1039/b201614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monthly variation of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) in surface water and related atmospheric exchanges were measured in the Hooghly estuary which is one of the most important estuaries, since it is fed by one of the world's largest rivers, the Ganges with a flow of 15,646 m3 s-1 (1.6% of the world's combined river flow). Carbon dioxide fluxes averaged over the entire estuary are in the range of -2.78 to 84.4 mmol m-2 d-1. This estuary acts as a sink for CO2 during monsoon months and seasonal variation of its flux is controlled by dilution of seawater by river water. Since the solubility of CO2 and the disassociation of carbonic acid in estuarine water are controlled by temperature and salinity, the observed variations of CO2 fluxes are compared with those predicted from seasonal changes in temperature, salinity and the ratio of gross primary production to community respiration using empirical equations with an explained variability of 55%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 B. C. Road, 700 019 Calcutta, India
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Baker DA, East GC, Mukhopadhyay SK. Mechanical and thermal properties of acrylic fibers crosslinked with disulfonyl azides. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Baker DA, East GC, Mukhopadhyay SK. Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers crosslinked with disulfonyl azides. J Appl Polym Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Jana AK, Mukhopadhyay SK, Bhowmik BB. Absorption spectra of 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane in micellar solutions. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2001; 57:2687-2693. [PMID: 11765795 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-1425(01)00458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The absorption spectra of 7, 7, 8, 8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) with nonionic surfactant. Triton X-100, anionic surfactant, SLS and cationic surfactant, CTAB in aqueous and nonaqueous media have been studied. The spectral studies show that TCNQ forms 1:1 charge-transfer (CT) complex with Triton X-100 in both media. The aqueous solution of TCNQ shows an absorption maxima at 610 nm, which is unperturbed in the presence of SLS but is shifted to 650 nm in the presence of CTAB, indicating the interaction of TCNQ with the cationic surfactant and not with the anionic surfactant. In addition to this, the stability of TCNQ-Triton X-100 complex has been determined and the probable site of CT interaction has been pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Kochi Mamunivar Centre for Post-Graduate Studies, Lawspet, Pondicherry, India
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Purakayastha M, Mukhopadhyay SK, Chattopadhyay S. Heterogeneity in antigen distribution on spermatozoa of fertile and infertile subjects. J Indian Med Assoc 1999; 97:65-7. [PMID: 10549198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Purakayastha
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta
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Raffel DM, Corbett JR, del Rosario RB, Mukhopadhyay SK, Gildersleeve DL, Rose P, Wieland DM. Sensitivity of [11C]phenylephrine kinetics to monoamine oxidase activity in normal human heart. J Nucl Med 1999; 40:232-8. [PMID: 10025828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Phenylephrine labeled with 11C was developed as a radiotracer for imaging studies of cardiac sympathetic nerves with PET. A structural analog of norepinephrine, (-)-[11C]phenylephrine (PHEN) is transported into cardiac sympathetic nerve varicosities by the neuronal norepinephrine transporter and stored in vesicles. PHEN is also a substrate for monoamine oxidase (MAO). The goal of this study was to assess the importance of neuronal MAO activity on the kinetics of PHEN in the normal human heart. MAO metabolism of PHEN was inhibited at the tracer level by substituting deuterium atoms for the two hydrogen atoms at the alpha-carbon side chain position to yield the MAO-resistant analog D2-PHEN. METHODS Paired PET studies of PHEN and D2-PHEN were performed in six normal volunteers. Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic responses were monitored. Blood levels of intact radiotracer and radiolabeled metabolites were measured in venous samples taken during the 60 min dynamic PET study. Myocardial retention of the tracers was regionally quantified as a retention index. Tracer efflux between 6 and 50 min after tracer injection was fit to a single exponential process to obtain a washout half-time for all left ventricular regions. RESULTS Although initial heart uptake of the two tracers was similar, D2-PHEN cleared from the heart 2.6 times more slowly than PHEN (mean half-time 155+/-52 versus 55+/-10 min, respectively; P < 0.01). Correspondingly, heart retention of D2-PHEN at 40-60 min after tracer injection was higher than PHEN (mean retention indices 0.086+/-0.018 versus 0.066+/-0.011 mL blood/ min/mL tissue, respectively; P < 0.003). CONCLUSION Efflux of radioactivity from normal human heart after uptake of PHEN is primarily due to metabolism of the tracer by neuronal MAO. Related mechanistic studies in the isolated rat heart indicate that vesicular storage of PHEN protects the tracer from rapid metabolism by neuronal MAO, suggesting that MAO metabolism of PHEN leaking from storage vesicles leads to the gradual loss of PHEN from the neurons. Thus, although MAO metabolism influences the rate of clearance of PHEN from the neurons, MAO metabolism is not the rate-determining step in the observed efflux rate under normal conditions. Rather, the rate at which PHEN leaks from storage vesicles is likely to be the rate-limiting step in the observed efflux rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Raffel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0552, USA
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Law SJ, Mukhopadhyay SK. The construction of a phase diagram for a ternary system used for the wet spinning of acrylic fibers based on a linearized cloudpoint curve correlation. J Appl Polym Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19970912)65:11<2131::aid-app9>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lawrence TS, Davis MA, Maybaum J, Mukhopadhyay SK, Stetson PL, Normolle DP, McKeever PE, Ensminger WD. The potential superiority of bromodeoxyuridine to iododeoxyuridine as a radiation sensitizer in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 1992; 52:3698-704. [PMID: 1617642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the thymidine analogues 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) and 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) have been used successfully as radiation sensitizers in clinical trials, it is not clear which of these agents is the more promising to pursue. To begin to assess this question with regard to colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver, a study was carried out using HT29 human colon cancer cells in culture and implanted in nude mice as xenografts. Cells and animals were treated with BrdUrd +/- the thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), and the results compared to our previous studies with IdUrd +/- FdUrd (T. S. Lawrence, M. A. Davis, P. E. McKeever, J. Maybaum, P. L. Stetson, D. P. Normolle, and W. D. Ensminger. Cancer Res., 51: 3900-3905, 1991). Using cultured cells, it was found that FdUrd (at concentrations of greater than 10 nM) increased: (a) the incorporation of BrdUrd into the DNA of cultured tumor cells; (b) BrdUrd-mediated radiosensitization; (c) BrdUrd-mediated increase in radiation-induced DNA damage; and (d) BrdUrd-mediated decrease in the repair of radiation-induced damage. The incorporation of BrdUrd was greater than or equal to the incorporation of IdUrd previously determined under the same exposure conditions. Studies using nude mice bearing HT29 xenografts showed that FdUrd increased BrdUrd incorporation more into tumors than into the normal liver. Most tumor cells incorporated BrdUrd (labeling index after a 4-day infusion = 87 +/- 2%; SE); in the liver, labeling was confined chiefly to nonparenchymal cells. In both the presence and absence of FdUrd, the incorporation of BrdUrd into tumors was significantly and consistently greater than the incorporation of IdUrd measured under the same conditions of drug administration (by a factor of 1.2-3.6). Furthermore, the administration of BrdUrd +/- FdUrd tended to produce less weight loss and hematological toxicity than IdUrd +/- FdUrd. These findings suggest that BrdUrd may be superior to IdUrd as a radiation sensitizer in the treatment of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109
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Abstract
In the course of a study on glioblastoma tissue and cultured cell lines, a glitter drop technique for random sampling was introduced (1). Here, we report the initial description of the details of this procedure and its application to cell counts from explant slides and to determining bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) labeling indices (LI) in tissues. The method is without bias, easy to perform and takes only a short time. It compares well with three other generally used random sampling procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Pathology, Upjohn Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0602
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Endean ED, Mukhopadhyay SK, Fung LK, Cronenwett JL, Stanley JC, Lindenauer SM. Adrenergic and dopaminergic control of the canine paw microcirculation. J Surg Res 1986; 40:49-54. [PMID: 3941551 DOI: 10.1016/0022-4804(86)90144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Basal isolated canine paw blood flow was equally distributed between arteriovenous anastomosis (AVA) and capillary circulations. Norepinephrine decreased AVA flow by 92% and capillary flow by 41%. Dopamine significantly reduced AVA flow by 94% compared to baseline with a 37% reduction in capillary flow. However, with alpha-adrenergic blockade dopamine decreased AVA flow 66% while capillary flow increased 42%. Isoproterenol increased capillary flow almost twofold and appeared to decrease AVA flow, although the latter was statistically insignificant. Differential effects of adrenergic and dopaminergic agonists on canine paw AVA and capillary blood flow suggest the existence of independent regulation of these components of the microcirculation.
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Andersen KK, Bhattacharyya J, Mukhopadhyay SK. Antimalarial sulfilimines and sulfoximines related to diaminodiphenyl sulfoxide and sulfone. J Med Chem 1970; 13:759-60. [PMID: 4393797 DOI: 10.1021/jm00298a049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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