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Nagaraj K, Karuppiah C, Wadaan MA, Maity P, Kaliyaperumal R, Vaishnavi E, Rajaraman D, Abhijith SM, Ramaraj SK, Mathivanan I. Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling, binding energies of β-cyclodextrin-inclusion complexes of quercetin: Modification of photo physical behavior upon β-CD complexation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 313:124091. [PMID: 38447439 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We prepared a naturally occurring flavanoid namely quercetin from tea leaves and analyzed by Absorption, Emission, FT-IR, 1H, 13C nmr spectra and ESI-MS analysis. The inclusion behavior of quercetin in cyclodextrins like α-, β-, γ-, per-6-ABCD and mono-6-ABCD cavities were supported such as UV-vis., Emission, FT-IR and ICD spectra and energy minimization studies. From the absorption and emission results, the type of complexes formed were found to depend on stoichiometry of Host:Guest. FT-IR data of CD complexes of quercetin supported inclusion complex formation of the substrate with α-, β- and γ-CDs. The inclusion of host-guest complexation of quercetin with α-, β-, γ-CDs, per-6-ABCD and mono-6-ABCDs provides very valuable information about the CD:quercetin complexes, the study also shows that β-CD complexation improves water solubility, chemical stability and bioavailability of quercetin. Besides, phase solubility studies also supported the formation of 1:1 drug-CD soluble complexes. All these spectral results provide insight into the binding behavior of substrate into CD cavity in the order per-6-ABCD > Mono-6-ABCD > γ-CD > β-CD > α-CD. The proposed model also finds strong support from the fact with excess CD this exciton coupling disappears indicates the formation of only 1:1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuppiah Nagaraj
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences University, 6M56+XP8, Police Bhavan Rd, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India.
| | - Chelladurai Karuppiah
- Battery Research Center for Green Energy, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Wadaan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prasenjit Maity
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Forensic Sciences University, 6M56+XP8, Police Bhavan Rd, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Raja Kaliyaperumal
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph University, Chumoukedima, Nagaland 797115, India
| | - Ellappan Vaishnavi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri GVG Visalakshi College for Women, Udumalpet 642128, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Rajaraman
- Humanities and Sciences, St. Peters Engineering College, St Peters College Rd, Opposite TS Forest Academy Dullapally, Maisammaguda, Medchal, Hyderabad, Telangana 500043, India
| | - S M Abhijith
- School of Pharmacy, National Forensic Sciences University, 6M56+XP8, Police Bhavan Rd, Sector 9, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382007, India
| | - Sayee Kannan Ramaraj
- PG & Research Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Isai Mathivanan
- Research Department of Zoology, Seethalakshmi Ramaswami College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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